8/21/2019 Environmental Chem Exam

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CH 4353 Exa

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8/21/2019 Environmental Chem Exam

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. The foll

a.

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b. In w

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_______

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wing reacti

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at region o

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is the role

and C-F b

waveleng

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it

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. The

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D) 2 2NO O O N> > >

E) All will be equal.

11.The following is a representation of what occurs in the stratosphere in the absence of

anthropogenic radical species:

O2 + hv -> O + O : creation of oxygen atoms

O + O2 -> O3 : formation of ozone

O3

+ hv -> O2

+ O : absorption of UV by ozoneO + O3 -> 2 O2 : recombination .

The constant O3concentration that has developed as a consequence of these processes is

an example of what kind dynamic situation?

Using the mechanism above, determine an expression for [O3].

12.What are the two main reservoir species of atomic chlorine in the stratosphere?

13.How do the PSCs affect the concentration of the two reservoir species of Cl?

14.What is the chemical rationale behind replacement of CFCs as a measure to halt stratospheric O3loss?

What compounds were chosen as a replacement and why?

15.Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion.

a. Why do PSCs form more often in Antarctica than in the Arctic?

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b. Reactions occur more quickly on the surface of PSCs than in the atmosphere. One such reaction is

the reaction of hydrogen chloride and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), two species that do not deplete

ozone, to produce a chlorine molecule and nitric acid (HNO3). Write the chemical equation.

16.What are the reactions and the net effect of the Brx-Ox catalytic reaction cycle?

17.Find the moles per cm2 and molecules per cm2 in one Dobson Unit of an ideal gas:

18.The decomposition of nitrous oxide is a 1st-order reaction and proceeds according

to:

N2ON2+ O

where the Arrhenius factor (A) = 7.94 x 1011

s-1

and Ea = 2.5 x105J mol

-1. Calculate the rate constant of

N2O assuming a tropospheric concentration of 310 ppb. Pay attention to the units.