Environmental Change and Altered Marine Food Webs cont.Ozone Hole coastal Antactica (what is a problem?)can we solve anything?EutrophicationI.Easy Interpretation? II. Easy answers? Point and nonpoint Past Big changes?Oscar Schofield (oscar@ahab.rutgers.edu)

OZONE HOLE

048123303500525456500.40.81.21.6Growth Rate (day -1) Production (mg C mg chl a-1 h-1)Julian Day stratificationadvectionstratification

00.40.81.21.6345365254565020004000600080001000012000Chlorophyll a (mg m -3)Julian Day Growth Rate (day -1)

19921993Large Scales ProcessesAntarctic Ozone Hole

00.0020.0040.0060.0080.010.012wavelength (nm)Absorption spectrum for Antarctic Ice Algaeaph ( m2 mg chl a-1)

-2002040600.080.060.04 0.020% UVB Inhibition of PPAR by UVBO m5 m>5 m(Ein m-2)Smith et al., 1992 Science

605040302010033035001503004506000.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8Station B at Palmer Station Antarctica 1991-1992Depth (m)

Fmall RCII closed, probability of fluorescence is high Ftsome RCII closed, probability of fluorescence is variabledarknessbright light flashmedium light levelsFm - Fo = Fv FOall RCII open, probability of fluorescence is low

Impact of UV-radiation on the quantum yield of stable charge separations at photosystem II in Antarctic ice algae6:0010:0018:0014:00Local Daylight TimeUVB + UVA + PARUVA + PARPARfIIeo

Potential Photosystem II activity for Antarctica ice algae on 10/01/1993 Local Daylight Time6:008:0010:0016:0018:0014:0012:0020:00PARPAR + UVAPAR + UVA + UVBTime-integrated charge separations at PS II

PAR

Euthrophication

Eutrophication

Point sources: sewage pipes, you can close the one point. Human Population centers

Non point sources: Watershed, atmosphere, etc.

Warsh NOAA1989Hypoxia/Anoxia & Bottom Bathymetry

Modeled Effect of Bathymetric Variability on Upwelling 1 m/scurrentvelocitywindNorthAlong shoresubsurface deltascause upwelling to be 3d, not 2d. Barnegat deltaCape May deltaLEO delta

Glenn et al. Biogeochemistry of Upwelling in Mid-Atlantic Bight JGR submitted Chang et al. JGR 10.1029/2001JC001018.Chl a1.2 mg m-340NTemp (oC)1516171921222339N0.5 mg m-3Physical Forcing of Hypoxia in Mid-Atlantic Bight

Courtesy of Hans Graber, Rich Garvine, Bob Chant, Andreas Munchow, Scott Glenn and Mike Crowley

BarnegatCape May New Jersey Coastal Upwelling

Upwelling can account for the historical patterns of hypoxiaalong the NJ shore

Sybil SeitzingerJohn Harrison (Post-doc)

AnthropogenicActivitiesHydrologyEffects on Coastal Ecosystems

N, P, Sidissolved inorganicdissolved organicparticulateGLOBAL NEWSSpatially Explicit Global Models Of Nutrient Export To Coastal SystemsAverage DIN yield by watershed (kg N/km2/yr)MODEL INPUTSOTHER INPUTS:SlopeSoil C:NP Fertilizer Human PopulationAnimal ManureEtc.

MODEL OUTPUTFunding Sources:UNESCO-IOCNSFNOAASEAGRANT

Model Calculation of NO3 Export by Rivers

( Modified from Caraco and Cote 1999; Seitzinger and Kroeze 1998)

Total N Fertilizer (kg/N/km^2/yr) 01 - 530531 - 931932 - 21512152 - 26722673 - 31333134 - 46644665 - 51385139 - 57955796 - 40023Model Input N Fertilizer Use (kg N/km^2/yr) Atmospheric Deposition (NOy) (kg N/km^2/Yr) NOy (kg N/km^2/Yr)56 - 135136 - 198199 - 252253 - 304305 - 342343 - 382383 - 439440 - 512513 - 651652 - 902Pop Density (indiv/km^2/ws)0 - 34 - 1819 - 2930 - 4243 -5960 - 8384 - 103104 - 138139 - 237238 - 965 Population Density (individual/km^2)Data Sources:Vorosmarty et al 2003RIVMDentener, pers. comm.

STN Model Predicted Runoff (mm/yr) Mean Runoff (mm/yr) 01 - 6364 - 145146 - 185186 - 247248 - 304305 - 420421 - 541542 - 699700 - 2095

Modeled vs Measured DIN Export by Mediterranean Rivers RhoneEbroAxiosPoSeguraPiniosAdigeVarArnoData: European Envir. Agency

Chart3

8.2033466322

8.2033466322

8.2033466322

8.2033466322

8.2033466322

8.2033466322

8.1444796733

7.5169255074

7.5169255074

6.9455723085

6.0208709169

6.0208709169

6.6247605641

6.6247605641

6.6247605641

6.8668625469

6.7890742347

6.7890742347

5.6487058129

Log Measured DIN Export (kgN/basin/yr)

Log Modeled DIN Export (kgN/basin/yr)

R2 = 0.81

Reg_Summary

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics

Multiple R0.9187200983

R Square0.844046619

Adjusted R Square0.8342995327

Standard Error22704432.43503

Observations18

ANOVA

dfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression1446388422858588004463884228585880086.59476197830.000000074

Residual168247860035149480515491252196843

Total1752886702321008300

CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

Intercept8370831.732630046954953.963979271.20357830920.2462584424-6373008.7024829723114672.167743-6373008.7024829723114672.167743

159715340.7034050.71034393950.0763348529.30563065990.0000000740.54852131870.87216656030.54852131870.8721665603

Log_reg_summary

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics

Multiple R0.9016504661

R Square0.8129735631

Adjusted R Square0.8012844108

Standard Error0.3869381918

Observations18

ANOVA

dfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression110.413017571710.413017571769.54940287010.000000322

Residual162.39553862830.1497211643

Total1712.8085562

CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

Intercept6.54366535980.118529160355.207219431806.29239482166.7949358986.29239482166.794935898

159715340.7034050.00000001080.00000000138.33962846120.0000003220.00000000810.00000001360.00000000810.0000000136

Sheet1

RecordnameYrLog(Modeled_DIN_export) (kgN/basin/yr)Log(Measured EEA DIN) (kgN/basin/yr)

Rhone19978.20334663228.0582070415

Rhone19988.20334663228.0761450566

Rhone19998.20334663228.0199425414

Rhone20008.20334663228.0112852219

Rhone20018.20334663228.0024518092

Rhone20028.20334663228.0860722198

Po20018.14447967338.198927911

Ebro20007.51692550747.8978738813

Ebro20017.51692550747.8595852692

Axios19986.94557230856.8809182886

Segura20006.02087091696.3793960403

Segura20016.02087091695.0668290957

Arno19976.62476056416.8336173513

Arno19986.62476056416.6777923421

Arno19996.62476056416.6920753612

Adige20016.86686254696.8448777112

Var19976.78907423475.9279549218

Var19996.78907423475.7885775437

Pinios19985.64870581296.0699713689

Data

NumberRECORDNAMENew NameBasin_Area (ha)Basin_Area (km^2)N_Fert_cropN_Fert_GrassN_Fert_RiceAg_Area_ws(ha)Ag_Area_ws(km2)Total_N_Fert(kg_N_km2_yr)NOy_dep(kg-N/km2/yr)Mean_Basin_Runoff(m3/m2/yr)MEAN_Basin_Runoff (mm/yr)Basin_Runoff (km^3/yr)Pop_Dens(indiv/ws)Pop_Dens(indiv/km2)Proportion Urban (Seitzinger&Kroeze 1998)Urb_Pop_dens(indiv/ws)Urb_Pop_dens(indiv/km2)%Urban Pop%Urban Pop/100NO3_export(riv)(kg/km2/yr)NO3_export(riv)(kg/ha/yr)DIN_export (kgN/basin/yr)NO3-N from Pop (kg/ws/yr)NO3-N from N-Dep (kg-N/ws/yr)NO3-N from Fert (kg-N/ws/yr)DIN from Pop (kg/ws/yr)DIN from N-Dep (kg-N/ws/yr)DIN from Fert (kg-N/ws/yr)Total DIN (kg-N/ws/yr)(Check)%DIN_Point_Src%DIN_NOy_Dep%DIN_Fert_SrcDIP_Export_Nina_C(kg/ws)DIN:DIPModeled and Measured DINModeled and Measured runoffDischarge Calcluated by Zonal StatisticsNumberRiver NameBASINIDAccumulated Runoff (mm)CELLAREARunoff at the mouth Cell (mm)Discharge(km^3/yr-calculated from flow accumulation & zonal stats)Basin_Runoff (km^3/yr-calculated from mean runoff)

1RhoneRhone992908099290.846.317923.08220367867036786.76940.01903.0150.539926539.92653.6096844808446700044.98906243080.17995624972275992.2922466135.09511976720.05095119771351.732204994513.5173220499159715340.703411041004.6149290815333079.8983798117840487.5063591238795.491765618246365.0790719140230180.132567159715340.7034050.775627116511.42430338887.800069495586078585.31938431.85545963741Rhone15724797.699218752233.0300292968838.911499023455.460897558753.6096844808

2PoPo1021750010217549.11984.717417.6923653217065321.75383.721839.6210.56155561.5557.37637125992100097.09811597750.38839246392281692.23311964772.29985888520.02299858891147.065097929211.4706509793139469637.893294989947.9166136515138983.488071697072444.97622635938038.0207702518015390.3508052115516209.521709139469637.8932854.257584740612.917069709982.8253455495150588336.6894310.9261649405Measured values (from Ludwig and Meybeck)Modeled DIN transport (kg-N/ws/yr)Measured values (from Ludwig and Meybeck)Modeled runoff2Po15326354.4003906252195.3798828125038.421501159757.942270231957.37637125

34EbroEbro828348082834.823.7765.18752552154055215.42896.35400.6470.278516278.51623.0708171568142800017.23913137960.06895652552347292.833700328816.4376050420.1643760504333.55366581153.335536658132879522.92414127518.5443798983342049.4681002424160283.1842797151747.0678120793977038.8670392828750736.989292932879522.92414420.461524542712.095792497487.442682959941655278.66113650.789324282134Ebro18110026.5996093752341.85009765625-0.00000523.480793262723.0708171568

78AxiosAxios164619016461.929.91725.3280117583011758.33524.52373.7330.328073328.0735.400704918738500023.38733682020.0935493473000450.34504417334.50345044178822106.7483946641.3658204703706278.2455325596660615.4713242155503.2253263597840471.1121837457926132.410875818822106.748385920.62913799299.526875338989.84398666821474540.608778995.982952721678Axios7741900.81005859382359.3701171875091.80650329594.70131997115.4007049187

108SeguraSegura218968021896.831.06576.916670170701017070.13798.237325.7390.011968711.96870.262076230279200036.16966862740.144678674531648.51.44534817873.99602272730.039960227340.26644639680.4026644641049230.52492148388.23572394157922.3304359206675395.757302441176582.0005114968927.5732187455803720.9511899051049230.5249201416.82966672416.569345018276.6009882577445900.6302116052.353059076108Segura587107.719001772427.63989257813-0.0000020.2615029410.2620762302

27GHAASBasin1224Tevere9079189079.1848.09355.3246709095379095.375341.817625.3010.292827292.8272.658629041956800062.56071583560.2502428633599.250.06600265660.10550176060.0010550176645.75100649756.4575100656976838.65157184068.640560051595090.0316112865083730.95100073219041.68226646708157.1376174316049639.831690866976838.651574763.139554936110.150114872786.71033019121336784.968619525.219118119527GHAASBasin12241224796.97497558592288.21997070313374.33499145512.68021485852.6586290419

42GHAASBasin1507Llobregat6918166918.1623.24002309682309.682324487.8460.096496496.49640.66757753461331000192.39219676910.769568787140026.35.78568578933.00723516150.0300723516313.00786014693.13007860152576871.764731326463.39200019145559.404721241693415.6610327091578491.43648022173215.691618276825164.6366289242576871.7647274261.25611130866.721936806832.0219518846101617.40951400225.358565791542GHAASBasin1507150702324.14990234375000.6675775346

17GHAASBasin2255Arno4465754465.7551.27853.178504474764474.765445.7740.1810.33257332.571.4851744775538000120.47248502490.4818899401000793.08401357797.93084013584214640.77103335737.540166825383616.1014211252822361.29204751399527.672798522456503.1606911393358609.937536544214640.77102629.47951900310.831365838679.6891151584195014.59574668321.611924763317GHAASBasin22552258928.82800292972214.29003906250152.65699768072.39472146421.4851744775

3GHAASBasin1553Adige6470586470.5838.8574.56404305384305.384342.1810.9290.556321556.3213.5997195362656000101.38194721340.40552778898481813.108253046912.92957317070.1292957317955.81177066269.55811770667359741.26715344503.967186867919061.2114133744921091.34841399409959.7209523721093682.841581915856098.704612657359741.267146945.570300722214.860343616579.5693556614618572.70739087911.8979404995COUNTRYRiversDIN_kg_yr(no_NO2)RiverQ(km^3/yr)Basin Area (km2)Modeled_avg_Basin_Runoff_(mm/yr)Modeled Q(km^3/yr)3GHAASBasin155315531557.71997070312176.31005859375111.24099731443.63217654213.5997195362

15GHAASBasin2250Var4484324484.3232.47240.88702237382237.387335.9754.1770.426174426.1741.911100591717700039.47086737790.15788346950001153.003636638311.53003636646152820.3487436189.2594640882478627.3060467144655620.7023392343065.218762265569566.494195595540188.635783686152820.348741540.6999264789.256998610690.0430749114284172.7089669321.65169333515GHAASBasin2250424802233.03002929688256.6250.57305133131.9111005917

103GHAASBasin2166Pinios4787404787.414.445004792024792.021444.5361.9330.092912892.91280.444810738710700022.35033629950.0894013452255125.328988595123.84299065420.238429906578.17342428830.7817342429445354.4672112387.897397334772501.3958295651289358.15821106914741.597902828386276.6610371825344336.208271172445354.4672111833.310081965819.372582378677.317335655767212.59901809886.6260563305103GHAASBasin21662166112.65200042722393.8701171875073.17340087890.44484187520.4448107387

172Noname (GHAASBasin34)Algeria/ Tunisia842188008421881.241380017768200177682124.138101.9430.0001452450.1452450.122323596120850002.4756942630.009902777158127.50.06901962512.78788968820.02787889690.08558829340.000855882985776.9060826738.240749096420445.862841540324897.330090571531818.506491424724330.57678143329627.822807780185776.906080637837.094490749728.364950303234.540558947145661.86418817041.8785239632172Noname (GHAASBasin34)3446.18790054322555.21997070313-0.0000020.11802024080.1223235961

228NileNile38258500038258508.61611019.58061534670001534670861.611168.5540.083866583.8665320.8606490254061100010.61489603620.042459584111679300.3052733382.87589569330.028758956940.2969307360.4029693074183462314.823222233002.3923520324859698.0040581127077312.0600792657272.8468989129583040.6248292151222001.351494183462314.8232221.448402550416.124859567782.42673788197816134590.484920.0234722564228Nile21076012642.770019531250.000001284.3646968742320.860649025

228NileNile38258500038258508.61611019.58061534670001534670861.611168.5540.0000780.07841394720.3000004061100010.61489603620.042459584111679300.3052733382.87589569330.02875895690.73348511260.00733485113339382.781432233002.3923520393786.3612243021479415.2644305812657272.84689891111605.769856919570504.1646723913339382.7814282279.57377218563.342107723517.08412009097816134590.484920.0004272422228Nile21076012642.770019531250.000001284.3646968742320.860649025

Only Rhone, Po, Ebro, Axios, Segura, Arno, Adige, Var, and Pinios

RecordnameDIN_export (kgN/basin/yr)DIN ConcentrationLog(DIN_export) (kgN/basin/yr)Measured DIN Con(kg/km^3)Measured EEA DIN (kg N/ basin/yr)Log(Measured EEA DIN)Yr

Rhone159715340.7034052318716.640496898.20334663221660000.00114342330.988.05820704151997

Rhone159715340.7034052318716.640496898.20334663221730000.00119163995.548.07614505661998

Rhone159715340.7034052318716.640496898.20334663221520000.00104699001.878.01994254141999

Rhone159715340.7034052318716.640496898.20334663221490000.00102632574.208.01128522192000

Rhone159715340.7034052318716.640496898.20334663221460000.00100566146.538.00245180922001

Rhone159715340.7034052318716.640496898.20334663221770000.00121919232.448.08607221982002

Po139469637.8932851676120.984479098.14447967331900000.00158098558.798.1989279112001

Ebro32879522.9241442985825.3282662757.51692550742370000.0079044904.917.89787388132000

Ebro32879522.9241442985825.3282662757.51692550742170000.0072374448.807.85958526922001

Axios8822106.748385921125708.004210736.9455723085970000.007601832.376.88091828861998

Segura1049230.524920142123918.30657356.02087091694849120.002395499.266.37939604032000

Segura1049230.524920142123918.30657356.0208709169236100.00116635.055.06682909572001

Arno4214640.77102622911817.286172786.62476056414710000.006817377.636.83361735131997

Arno4214640.77102622911817.286172786.62476056413290000.004762032.366.67779234211998

Arno4214640.77102622911817.286172786.62476056413400000.004921249.256.69207536121999

Adige7359741.267146941157117.657227626.86686254691100000.006996449.626.84487771122001

Var6152820.348741541910183.376916566.7890742347263000.00847139.485.92795492181997

Var6152820.348741541910183.376916566.7890742347190800.00614578.765.78857754371999

Pinios445354.467211183686140.4435396725.64870581291810000.001174820.106.06997136891998

Data

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Modeled DIN

Measured DIN

Modeled DIN: Measured DIN

Sel Riv_Model&Measued DIN

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Log Measured DIN Export (kgN/basin/yr)

Log Modeled DIN Export (kgN/basin/yr)

R2 = 0.81

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Modeled DIN Concentration

Measured DIN Concentration

Modeled DIN Concentration: Measured DIN Concentration

Measured DIN Concentration (mg/L)

NumberRECORDNAMENew NameNO3_export(riv)(kg/km2/yr)DIN_export (kgN/basin/yr)Discharge (km^3)199719981999200020012002Average

1RhoneRhone1351.7322049945159715340.70340568.880922281.661.731.521.491.461.771.605

2PoPo1147.0650979292139469637.89328583.20976778211.91.9

34EbroEbro333.553665811532879522.924144233.35228055252.372.172.27

78AxiosAxios450.34504417338822106.748385927.8369405880.970.97

108SeguraSegura40.26644639681049230.524920140.49400700664.849120.23612.54261

27GHAASBasin1224Tevere645.75100649756976838.651574763.6197184586

42GHAASBasin1507Llobregat313.00786014692576871.764727420.8656797365

17GHAASBasin2255Arno793.08401357794214640.77102621.44742624864.713.293.43.8

3GHAASBasin1553Adige955.81177066267359741.267146946.3604087461.11.1

15GHAASBasin2250Var1153.00363663836152820.348741543.22106265980.2630.19080.2269

103GHAASBasin2166Pinios78.1734242883445354.4672111830.64907187941.811.81

172Noname (GHAASBasin34)Algeria/ Tunisia0.085588293485776.90608063780.1474647349

228NileNile40.296930736183462314.823222332.3942981403

weihan:Data from GEMS GLORI

weihan:value of station 5925(waterbase ID) because it is the station that closest to the coastal zone on the atlas

DIN Export from Watersheds

(kg N *10E6/basin/yr)

Chlorophyll a from SeaWiFS (mg/m3)2002

DIN Export vs Coastal Chl a for 6 Sub-regions of the Mediterranean

Chart2

0.1032576

0.1072387097

0.1305935484

0.1211387097

0.1133741935

0.1165516129

0.1433653333

0.1364526316

0.1270789474

0.1278052632

0.1384105263

0.1423894737

0.0840410256

0.0773367089

0.0769025641

0.0750734177

0.0626564103

0.0685924051

0.0530844444

0.0439822222

0.0448622222

0.0447022222

0.0424177778

0.0434933333

0.0554193548

0.0432387097

0.0438193548

0.0465806452

0.0435612903

0.0422064516

Composite DINexp VS Chl a

DIN Export (kg/region/year)

Chl a (mg/m3)

(Without SW Region)

R2 = 0.93

1&2 Pixels

SeaWIFS Chlorophyll a concentration (Regional Mean)

NW Chl_aNW DINexpN Chl_aN DINexpNE Chl_aNE DINexpSW Chl_aSW DINexpS Chl_aS DINexpSE Chl_aSE DINexp

19970.29365311925265.724300.63965309744604.921800.35954175850742.727300.5475210857590.043800.148161225464.355200.50457226608245.6401

19980.32605311925265.724300.84517309744604.921800.28299175850742.727300.4962310857590.043800.125641225464.355200.52647226608245.6401

19990.39220311925265.724300.67185309744604.921800.29440175850742.727300.6079910857590.043800.138011225464.355200.54131226608245.6401

20000.36517311925265.724300.74725309744604.921800.23755175850742.727300.5114710857590.043800.126371225464.355200.56714226608245.6401

20010.34023311925265.724300.82588309744604.921800.19400175850742.727300.7036910857590.043800.133481225464.355200.56157226608245.6401

20020.35556311925265.724300.84986309744604.921800.24143175850742.727300.5463810857590.043800.122901225464.355200.57433226608245.6401

Chl_a Concentration

DINexp (Kg N/Basin/Yr)199719981999200020012002Mean Chl_a

NW311925265.720.293650.326050.392200.365170.340230.355560.34548

N309744604.920.639650.845170.671850.747250.825880.849860.76328

NE175850742.730.359540.282990.294400.237550.194000.241430.26832

S1225464.360.148160.125640.138010.126370.133480.122900.13242

SE226608245.640.504570.526470.541310.567140.561570.574330.54590

SW10857590.040.547520.496230.607990.511470.703690.546380.56888

weihan:value of 2-3 pixels out from the coastal line

1&2 Pixels

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Modeled DIN Export

Chl a Concentration

Modeled DINexp Vs. Chl a Concentration by Region in the Mediterranean

1st Pixel

0

0

0

0

0

0

Modeled DINexp

Chl a Concentration

Modeled DINexp Vs. 1997-2002 Chl a Concentration Mean by Region in the Mediterranean

2nd Pixel

0

0

0

0

0

Modeled DINexpVs. 1997-2002 Chl a Concentration Mean by Region in the Mediterranean (Without SW Region)

Modeled DIN Export

Mean Chl a Concentration (mg/l)

Modeled DINexp Vs. 1997-2002 Chl a Concentration Mean by Region in the Mediterranean (without SW Region)

by river

Only the first Pixels

DINexp (Kg N/Basin/Yr)199719981999200020012002MeanChl_a

NW311925265.724300.454580.542150.672240.618580.574420.602390.57739

N309744604.921800.898271.338420.966051.122981.271241.341391.15639

NE175850742.727300.508980.372630.396550.287410.231360.311380.35139

S1225464.355200.157770.143180.166470.136280.158050.140280.15034

SE226608245.64010.650720.711810.764920.814770.777120.792680.75200

SW10857590.043800.836890.724360.889490.720081.123950.801390.84936

by river

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Modeled DIN Export

Chl a concentration

Chl a Concentration of the First Pixel

2nd Pixel with DIN_Edit

0

0

0

0

0

0

Mean Chl A

Modeled DIN Export

Chl a concentration

Chl_a VS. Composite DINexp

Regional DINexp vs Chl_a Concentration (the second pixels from the coast line

Chl_a Concentration

DINexp199719981999200020012002Mean Chl_aDINexpChl_a

SCentral1225464.360.132710.109960.112160.111760.106040.108730.11356NW311925265.724300.25814

SW10857590.040.381030.351920.377650.371520.380520.358330.37016311925265.724300.26810

NE175850742.730.210100.193340.192260.187680.156640.171480.18525311925265.724300.32648

SE226608245.640.138550.108100.109550.116450.108900.105520.11451311925265.724300.30285

Ncentral309744604.920.358410.341130.317700.319510.346030.355970.33979311925265.724300.28344

NW311925265.720.258140.268100.326480.302850.283440.291380.28840311925265.724300.29138

NC309744604.921800.35841

309744604.921800.34113

309744604.921800.31770

309744604.921800.31951

309744604.921800.34603

309744604.921800.35597

NE175850742.727300.21010

175850742.727300.19334

175850742.727300.19226

175850742.727300.18768

175850742.727300.15664

175850742.727300.17148

SC1225464.355200.13271

1225464.355200.10996

1225464.355200.11216

1225464.355200.11176

1225464.355200.10604

1225464.355200.10873

SE226608245.64010.13855

226608245.64010.10810

226608245.64010.10955

226608245.64010.11645

226608245.64010.10890

226608245.64010.10552

SW10857590.043800.38103

10857590.043800.35192

10857590.043800.37765

10857590.043800.37152

10857590.043800.38052

10857590.043800.35833

Chl_a VS. Composite DINexp

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

000000

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Modeled DINexp VS. Chl a concentration (from 2nd pixel)

Chl_a_concenVSModeledDINexp

0

0

0

0

0

Mean Chl_a

Without SW region

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Without SW

NumberRECORDNAMENew NameDIN_export (kgN/basin/yr)Measured EEA DINLogMeasured DIN Con (mg/L)Chl_a

1RhoneRhone159715340.703Rhone1997114342330.9847978.05820704151.660.440

2PoPo139469637.8931998119163995.548.07614505661.730.691

34EbroEbro32879522.9241999104699001.878.01994254141.520.724

78AxiosAxios8822106.7482000102632574.208.01128522191.490.717

108SeguraSegura1049230.5252001100566146.538.00245180921.460.807

27GHAASBasin1224Tevere4214640.7712002121919232.448.08607221981.770.798

42GHAASBasin1507Llobregat7359741.267Po2001158098558.798.1989279111.902.472

17GHAASBasin2255Arno6152820.349Ebro200079044904.917.89787388132.370.425

3GHAASBasin1553Adige445354.467200172374448.807.85958526922.170.485

15GHAASBasin2250VarAxios19987601832.376.88091828860.970.617

103GHAASBasin2166PiniosSegura20002395499.266.37939604034.850.361

172Noname (GHAASBasin34)Algeria/ Tunisia2001116635.055.06682909570.240.321

228NileNileArno19976817377.636.83361735134.710.285

19984762032.366.67779234213.291.414

19994921249.256.69207536123.401.215

Adige20016996449.626.84487771121.102.960

Rhone2002200120001999199819997MeanVar1997847139.485.92795492180.260.255

Pixel value0.7000.5890.5890.5890.5500.4030.5701999614578.765.78857754370.190.394

1.1351.0590.7500.9551.0230.8320.959Pinios19981174820.106.06997136891.810.284

2.1882.0421.6031.7781.6600.6761.658

0.7761.1351.0230.7760.7760.3760.810

0.4950.4320.5130.4790.4470.3160.447

0.5890.5690.5130.5690.4320.3890.510

0.6760.7000.6760.6760.5690.3890.614

0.3390.4170.4470.3890.4470.3050.391

0.2850.3160.3390.3050.3160.2750.306

Mean0.7980.8070.7170.7240.6910.4400.696

Po1.3491.6031.1751.0961.8411.7780.539

1.2161.3961.0960.7501.4451.4450.501

6.6074.3654.8424.5194.3652.9850.508

1.9052.0421.4962.1131.7181.7180.508

5.3704.0742.4273.3113.1991.5490.493

1.0231.3491.3960.7000.9891.6030.507

Mean2.9122.4722.0722.0822.2601.8460.509

Ebro0.5310.4790.5690.5310.4170.4950.504

0.4470.8320.4950.4320.4790.4790.527

0.3270.3050.3510.3390.2570.2850.311

0.3890.5310.4320.3390.3630.3630.403

0.3270.4470.3390.3050.3160.2850.337

0.3050.3160.3630.2950.2480.2750.300

Mean0.3880.4850.4250.3740.3470.3640.397

Axios0.4790.4030.6530.8041.0590.4790.646

1.0960.3050.3891.3490.6530.3760.695

0.3760.2660.2950.4620.4030.4170.370

0.2750.3760.3510.334

Mean0.5570.3250.4460.7480.6170.4240.511

Segura0.2480.2850.3050.2950.2480.3050.281

0.2400.2750.2750.2660.2240.2850.261

0.2850.3890.6310.3760.4170.3160.402

0.2160.2660.2750.2660.2240.2750.254

0.3270.4170.3510.3390.2750.2950.334

0.2750.2950.3270.3050.2160.2950.286

Mean0.2650.3210.3610.3080.2670.2950.303

Tevere0.6530.5310.8910.9551.0230.6760.788

0.1760.1700.2090.2240.2090.1760.194

0.2400.2320.2950.3050.3160.2570.274

0.1640.1580.1950.2160.2090.2090.192

Mean0.3080.2730.3980.4250.4390.3300.362

Llobregat0.5310.4790.5690.5310.4170.4950.504

0.5690.4030.4950.4950.4030.4320.466

0.3270.3050.3510.3390.2570.2850.311

0.3050.3160.3760.3160.2400.2660.303

Mean0.4330.3760.4480.4200.3290.3700.396

Arno0.2660.2750.3160.3160.3160.2850.296

5.0123.1991.6032.1132.5122.888

Mean2.6391.7370.9601.2151.4140.2851.375

Adige3.8024.3652.7862.8843.1992.6003.273

1.3491.6031.1751.0961.8411.7781.474

Mean2.5762.9841.9811.9902.5202.1892.373

Var0.2570.2660.3050.2950.2660.2660.276

0.2750.2570.3050.2750.2660.2400.270

0.5130.3380.3890.6310.3510.2750.416

0.5130.3270.3630.3760.3160.2400.356

Mean0.38950.2970.34050.394250.299750.255250.329375

Pinios0.5130.2850.5130.5690.3270.5500.460

0.2750.2160.2750.4170.2400.4470.312

Mean0.3940.25050.3940.4930.28350.49850.3855833333

Nile0.1160.1160.1200.1240.1120.1700.126

0.1160.1080.1160.1120.1160.1430.119

2.5123.1992.5121.7182.7864.3652.849

2.5121.5492.1881.5491.1751.4451.736

Mean1.3141.2431.2340.8761.0471.5311.207

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Regional DINexp vs Chl_a Concentration (the second pixels from the coast lineDINexpChl_a

Chl_a Concentrationcorrected Chl a concentration by 40% ErrorNW298426320.564400.10326

DINexp199719981999200020012002Mean Chl_a199719981999200020012002Mean Chl_a298426320.564400.10724

SCentral1057081.810.132710.109960.112160.111760.106040.108730.113560.05308444440.04398222220.04486222220.04470222220.04241777780.04349333330.0454237037298426320.564400.13059

SW10771813.140.381030.351920.377650.371520.380520.358330.370160.15241212120.1407696970.15106060610.14860606060.15220606060.14333333330.1480646465298426320.564400.12114

SE46485305.290.138550.108100.109550.116450.108900.105520.114510.05541935480.04323870970.04381935480.04658064520.04356129030.04220645160.0458043011298426320.564400.11337

NE175359933.980.210100.193340.192260.187680.156640.171480.185250.08404102560.07733670890.07690256410.07507341770.06265641030.06859240510.0741004219298426320.564400.11655

NW298426320.560.258140.268100.326480.302850.283440.291380.288400.10325760.10723870970.13059354840.12113870970.11337419350.11655161290.1153590624NC327646942.521400.14337

Ncentral327646942.520.358410.341130.317700.319510.346030.355970.339790.14336533330.13645263160.12707894740.12780526320.13841052630.14238947370.1359170292327646942.521400.13645

327646942.521400.12708

327646942.521400.12781

327646942.521400.13841

327646942.521400.14239

NE175359933.983700.08404

175359933.983700.07734

175359933.983700.07690

175359933.983700.07507

175359933.983700.06266

175359933.983700.06859

SC1057081.810500.05308

1057081.810500.04398

1057081.810500.04486

1057081.810500.04470

1057081.810500.04242

1057081.810500.04349

SE46485305.290.05542

46485305.290.04324

46485305.290.04382

46485305.290.04658

46485305.290.04356

46485305.290.04221

SW10771813.137700.15241

10771813.137700.14077

10771813.137700.15106

10771813.137700.14861

10771813.137700.15221

10771813.137700.14333

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

DIN Export

Chl a Concentration

Composite DINexp VS. SeaWIFS Chl a Concentration

Mean CHl a

DIN Export

Chal Concentration

Composite DINexp VS. 1997-2002 Mean Chl a Concentration

Composite DINexp VS Chl a

DIN Export (kg/region/year)

Chl a (mg/m3)

(Without SW Region)

R2 = 0.93

DIN export

Chl Concentration

DIN Export VS Chl a Concentration

y = 1E-10x + 0.0741R2 = 0.1979

RegionComposite DINexpSeaWiFS Chl aYearMean Chl_aSeaWiFs Chl-a w/ 40%E

NC327646942.521400.3584119970.339790.14337

NC327646942.521400.3411319980.339790.13645

NC327646942.521400.3177019990.339790.12708

NC327646942.521400.3195120000.339790.12781

NC327646942.521400.3460320010.339790.13841

NC327646942.521400.3559720020.339790.14239

NE175359933.983700.2101019970.185250.08404

NE175359933.983700.1933419980.185250.07734

NE175359933.983700.1922619990.185250.07690

NE175359933.983700.1876820000.185250.07507

NE175359933.983700.1566420010.185250.06266

NE175359933.983700.1714820020.185250.06859

NW298426320.564400.2581419970.288400.10326

NW298426320.564400.2681019980.288400.10724

NW298426320.564400.3264819990.288400.13059

NW298426320.564400.3028520000.288400.12114

NW298426320.564400.2834420010.288400.11337

NW298426320.564400.2913820020.288400.11655

SC1057081.810500.1327119970.113560.05308

SC1057081.810500.1099619980.113560.04398

SC1057081.810500.1121619990.113560.04486

SC1057081.810500.1117620000.113560.04470

SC1057081.810500.1060420010.113560.04242

SC1057081.810500.1087320020.113560.04349

SE46485305.290.1385519970.114510.05542

SE46485305.290.1081019980.114510.04324

SE46485305.290.1095519990.114510.04382

SE46485305.290.1164520000.114510.04658

SE46485305.290.1089020010.114510.04356

SE46485305.290.1055220020.114510.04221

SW10771813.137700.3810319970.370160.15241

SW10771813.137700.3519219980.370160.14077

SW10771813.137700.3776519990.370160.15106

SW10771813.137700.3715220000.370160.14861

SW10771813.137700.3805220010.370160.15221

SW10771813.137700.3583320020.370160.14333

RegionModeled DINexpSeaWiFS Chl aYearMean Chl_a

Ncentral309744604.920.3584119970.33979

Ncentral309744605.920.3411319980.33979

Ncentral309744606.920.3177019990.33979

Ncentral309744607.920.3195120000.33979

Ncentral309744608.920.3460320010.33979

Ncentral309744609.920.3559720020.33979

NE175850742.730.2101019970.18525

NE175850743.730.1933419980.18525

NE175850744.730.1922619990.18525

NE175850745.730.1876820000.18525

NE175850746.730.1566420010.18525

NE175850747.730.1714820020.18525

NW311925265.720.2581419970.28840

NW311925266.720.2681019980.28840

NW311925267.720.3264819990.28840

NW311925268.720.3028520000.28840

NW311925269.720.2834420010.28840

NW311925270.720.2913820020.28840

SCentral1225464.360.1327119970.11356

SCentral1225464.360.1099619980.11356

SCentral1225464.360.1121619990.11356

SCentral1225464.360.1117620000.11356

SCentral1225464.360.1060420010.11356

SCentral1225464.360.1087320020.11356

SE226608245.640.1385519970.11451

SE226608246.640.1081019980.11451

SE226608247.640.1095519990.11451

SE226608248.640.1164520000.11451

SE226608249.640.1089020010.11451

SE226608250.640.1055220020.11451

SW10857590.040.3810319970.37016

SW10857590.040.3519219980.37016

SW10857590.040.3776519990.37016

SW10857590.040.3715220000.37016

SW10857590.040.3805220010.37016

SW10857590.040.3583320020.37016

BIG CHANGES IN THE PAST?

Delwiche, C.F. (1999)Tracing the thread of plastid diversity through the tapestry of life. Am. Nat. 154: 5164-77.

Phytoplankton in the geological record PALEOZOIC MESOZOIC CENOZOICCarbon. Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous TertiaryDinoflagellatesDiatomsPrymnesiophytesPrasinophytes & ChlorophytesGreen lineage

Redlineage

Species diversity/abundance (relative scale)?

Elemental composition of phytoplanktonIn 1934, Alfred Redfield recognized that there is a remarkable similarity between the N:P ratio in the organic matter of plankton and the corresponding ratio of NO3- and PO43- in seawater: C106 N16 P 1. N:P ratio > or < than 16 is used as an indicator of nitrogen or phosphate limitation. Macronutrients

Mean size of diatom community

Chart4

853.4173998236130.61472427521576.220075372

804.5486492991198.72634566561410.3709529325

826.1643239539154.66749935461497.6611485533

1006.49862827114.49385129371898.5034052463

1678.12525483261458.04485067191898.2056589934

1999.06275192111677.13087470792320.9946291342

1913.89830189781611.93947400162215.8571297941

1879.83240492041541.44066008822218.2241497525

2034.79352771961663.06787990012406.5191755392

1910.69560240651469.69948192282351.6917228902

1728.80583192521357.95952137562099.6521424748

1919.01570590031398.56241690422439.4689948964

Diatom cell size (area)

se

Age (My)

Mean diatom area (mm2)

Sheet1

SUMMARY OUTPUTEtoc and trimmed mean of mean area

Regression Statistics

Multiple R0.8944413398

R Square0.8000253103

Adjusted R Square0.7800278413

Standard Error238.8422519825

Observations12

ANOVA

dfSSMSFSignificance F

Regression12282185.859393452282185.8593934540.00632837550.0000862465

Residual10570456.21332089357045.6213320893

Total112852642.07271434

CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueLower 95%Upper 95%Lower 95.0%Upper 95.0%

Intercept-3230.2117257533758.3043099203-4.25978289120.0016636037-4919.8193126967-1540.6041388098-4919.8193126967-1540.6041388098

X Variable 1175.820242613227.79742245146.32505560260.0000862465113.8837149461237.7567702803113.8837149461237.7567702803

zDataTable.hayes

ageEtocdelta.orgsd.delta.org.delta.carbsd.delta.carb.epsilon.psd.epsilon.p.fosd.fo.PaleoLatdelta.org.hiLat.epsilon.p.hilat.fo.hilat.meanarea agemeanarea nmeanarea minmeanarea meanmeanarea medianmeanarea maxmeanarea trim meansesemeanarea semeandiam agemeandiam nmeandiam minmeandiam meanmeandiam medianmeandiam maxmeandiam trim meanmeandiam semeanlen agemeanlen nmeanlen minmeanlen meanmeanlen medianmeanlen maxmeanlen trim meanmeanlen semeanwidth agemeanwidth nmeanwidth minmeanwidth meanmeanwidth medianmeanwidth maxmeanwidth trim meanmeanwidth semeanmaxlindim agemeanmaxlindim nmeanmaxlindim minmeanmaxlindim meanmeanmaxlindim medianmeanmaxlindim maxmeanmaxlindim trim meanmeanmaxlindim seminarea ageminarea nminarea minminarea meanminarea medianminarea maxminarea trim meanminarea semindiam agemindiam nmindiam minmindiam meanmindiam medianmindiam maxmindiam trim meanmindiam seminlen ageminlen nminlen minminlen meanminlen medianminlen maxminlen trim meanminlen seminwidth ageminwidth nminwidth minminwidth meanminwidth medianminwidth maxminwidth trim meanminwidth semaxarea agemaxarea nmaxarea minmaxarea meanmaxarea medianmaxarea maxmaxarea trim meanmaxarea semaxdiam agemaxdiam nmaxdiam minmaxdiam meanmaxdiam medianmaxdiam maxmaxdiam trim meanmaxdiam semaxlen agemaxlen nmaxlen minmaxlen meanmaxlen medianmaxlen maxmaxlen trim meanmaxlen semaxwidth agemaxwidth nmaxwidth minmaxwidth meanmaxwidth medianmaxwidth maxmaxwidth trim meanmaxwidth se

10.922.1-21.90.30.150.322.540.420.2340.06730.3-21.7522.380.2350.915449.7161757.2435662944578.14110833.758853.4173998236130.61472427521576.220075372722.80267554840.9891045.309095779734.5555373.2540.56452375794.4446979630.9657.4342.463156588437.357512540.38951997032.74099698160.9552.3358.28148427567.531.12857.89118892460.63897821070.91450.87630.491950825725.543666666737226.66070511243.04269964190.91547.2531461.2112245805291.8585110833.758542.88952561723.43559882430.989835.26395505622637230.10664197534.44724220130.9653.233.109015384627118.9530.76803389832.94642076030.9550.8765.53825190994.529.265.05015402040.63642179330.915459.1132261.5878828909743.8055110833.7581278.8861140371731.22363646150.9891057.377269662945374.551.98514814814.94447554210.968253.430352941249.27314052.24006451613.29756052390.9552.33511.17602328089.7225510.22822118511.0863134754

23.523.4-22.50.40.850.423.890.570.2510.07238.83-22.5723.960.253.518449.7161597.7779657919531.1971666667110833.758804.5486492991198.72634566561410.3709529325605.82230363343.51021044.776868866634.77775373.2540.23777200433.99185519343.5807.4343.681212138837.4287512541.37894553122.68192402963.5692.3357.85484934827.00285504231.12857.44596198460.53114358393.51750.87629.891583854223.907555555637226.29742531122.65345870333.51847.2531330.4058781815295.829110833.758529.5067806349606.17268703613.5102835.650166666726.151537230.6449239134.00317568413.5803.234.801937528118.9532.14630555562.83995697923.5690.8765.21388195714.529.264.72444214350.52677654613.518459.1132051.3745650283674.137110833.7581180.5701262964613.48431031693.51021055.738323529445374.550.57096739134.43056037483.583255.26548192775019053.22113333333.38323289723.5692.33510.85329391949.29559.89208381650.9060868801

38.325.2-23.70.41.50.125.810.410.2580.08244.38-23.4925.590.268.316649.7161700.524825769565.016110833.758826.1643239539154.66749935461497.6611485533671.49682459938.39010.126644.762072956234.17275373.2539.83559104954.4145561018.3757.4341.876199900436.0265118.9540.20083684832.65109866138.3652.3358.55720945036.8141.37057.53259515710.8342070698.31590.87630.928484473923.843237227.18271745762.89887289828.31667.2531370.714626506283.5175110833.758511.1481533333671.05069871638.390835.190166666724.568537229.82258536594.4657163178.3750.93234.1492429.52118.9532.10346376812.78229064568.3650.8766.03453846154.2141.1244.88262711860.87999501318.316659.1132218.9811232843686.598110833.7581261.0235831013680.62249481518.3901556.361011111144.5374.551.0183048784.85157668228.378252.203423076947.86319050.40856944443.42813697778.3652.33511.628591169.7225510.46880382031.1039796318

413.825.5-23.50.61.950.226.060.630.2730.09537.26-23.3225.880.27513.812557.52852134.7912309755628.429625110833.7581006.49862827114.49385129371898.5034052463892.004776976313.86513.782552.447955405541.6457222222373.2546.69444663325.863383824713.8687.4343.059796178736.5681875163.1240.23650790573.232791563813.8573.221510.12714695936.76361.93366666678.8171360381.385927690113.81210.87632.644607371826.190666666737228.04233478883.688786977813.81257.2531622.554700868329.8110833.758540.0768018451889.15302516413.8651038.642861538526.9137231.76188135595.917723987913.8680.93235.209044117628.735136.232.44229032263.168308789913.8570.8766.62207017543.95341.1245.6094905661.122993127213.812569.6272955.416584976778.543110833.7581719.4359105044911.853199947313.86515.6368.493461538548.75374.562.56172881366.607348753513.8697.4355.573260869647.401219.651.91549206354.320385077413.8573.5415.266842105310100.713.19211320752.245664251

520.126.9-24.40.82.450.327.520.850.2770.10536.9-24.0427.140.28120.18774.46091666671909.3039928941233.96310632.041678.12525483261458.04485067191898.2056589934220.080404160720.15610.554.258083073548.0035133.353.2282721563.681834624720.1377.4356.67963896447.764163.1255.04561833335.715491471420.1263.413519.376677930413.5587.941333333317.18494970243.937676525320.1821.341.827940395536.2622511040.65564791573.058633309820.18730.9791131.5032741782541.136669957.1713514114151.082958157620.1561038.696178571427.4145133.336.54203846153.712107999220.1377.4347.427189189240.222136.246.03365.415207139620.1261.313.80165384625.992575.22711.76316666673.404533379520.18789.0813104.68765565521619.37717194.642686.6806587595382.927836561220.15610.572.137178571466.83517570.86907692315.097084792620.1387.4368.377421052652.8175219.665.86977777787.635563769720.1264.8428.202769230816.5465104.79625.98483333335.3999309971

626.227.3-25.21.22.10.328.011.240.260.09344.36-24.2627.010.26926.29583.2952408.64729789971357.48521575.983551999.06275192111677.13087470792320.9946291342321.931877213226.26210.561.005087490553.61975165.78758.00949865024.581624441726.2407.4357.738172708350.8190833333163.1255.21363402785.458107589826.2313.413520.630760147812.587.941333333318.90340452593.789378078526.2920.8345.451609170237.6858888889165.78742.52087551973.794416741826.29544.651626.0597466537715.76421575.983551208.0863147368294.578348222326.2624.246.604258064530.4765165.78742.34130357144.900946085526.2407.4350.87785312545.7795136.248.92594791674.949340500126.2310.8315.32654032266.8175.22713.7608879313.327203338226.29589.0813550.09708881471808.6421575.983553079.0529987058425.234461226426.26210.577.008008064570.718517575.36456255.350786202226.2417.4368.834713414657219.664.70792567577.229701743826.2313.9228.746225806517.55104.79626.97989655174.9662403033

731.129.3-271.92.30.230.111.910.2490.09256.1-24.327.260.27431.19983.2952285.23782051551244.30621575.983551913.89830189781611.93947400162215.8571297941301.958827896331.16410.558.638821972351.7662371795165.78755.51295010744.58785272431.1397.4360.619250854751.67163.1259.28650765775.67748301131.1313.66812521.059443615612.587.941333333319.35287219833.785403874131.1970.8344.18529144435.33165.78741.32564488843.622077262331.19944.651577.422524698715.76421575.983551173.3554439022282.122481692231.1644.245.3070312529.5165.78741.05687931034.753603874731.1397.4353.39647435946.5136.252.40087837845.234144402131.1310.8316.11579435487.175.22714.60457327593.326665196331.19989.0813383.27193350911569.54421575.983552950.2799875538402.593378167931.16410.573.923851562568.5337517572.12837068975.430090405931.1407.4373.02156562566.4045219.669.24535069447.537573667931.1313.9227.99851612917.55104.79626.18062068974.8739838411

835.328.7-26.512.150.229.431.020.250.08944.5-26.3629.280.25135.38583.2952299.81157249651157.154222222221575.983551879.83240492041541.44066008822218.2241497525338.391744832235.35510.558.815274658753.97165.78756.47625698485.125982265935.3307.4359.362485833352.7921875163.1257.51159196436.281462016635.3253.66812520.216322083311.5562575.651666666718.52557653993.719483567835.3830.8345.693091607235.33165.78742.46047637864.088429719135.38573.8541624.3336699424715.76421575.983551150.9669791571320.793937536935.3554.245.630781818229165.78742.43415686275.229376790535.3307.4352.499383333348.0195136.251.11969642865.800161793235.3250.8315.3262257.164.2813.82807065223.251564735335.38589.0813300.99132079291345.24121575.983552801.5888015247435.076290064835.35510.573.315818181872.55717571.92907843145.976194197135.3317.4371.706665322662.87219.668.82333189668.733620303635.3253.9227.20618.33100.725.02304347835.024381217

94329-26.812.20.329.81.040.2480.0943.75-27.0930.10.246432883.2952169.87863288251425.7435257768.6752034.79352771961663.06787990012406.5191755392371.7256478195431613.782565.746889022460.56875165.56465.746889022410.06340588943127.4354.841770833335.12975163.1254.841770833313.65804799714399.5822.727638888919.3241.370522.72763888893.731306654443270.8352.412265271338.2165.56449.9494864937.5338353029432873.8541393.39830057141133.9955246.621295.9491698462248.7831517522431611.93553.135687536.1415165.56453.135687511.162235567143127.4351.074312538.421136.251.074312511.73079957364390.8317.452611111117.03541.12417.45261111114.6576625633432889.0813320.27656035711594.460510023.6653186.7306803846631.1675804861431615.6378.395312584.7745165.56478.39531259.947995980643127.4363.217062538.9885219.663.217062517.383608641243916.531.016777777831.16231.01677777785.1894041907

1051.929.7-27.61.42.050.230.491.410.2380.08434.05-2931.980.22751.91683.2951910.69560240651296.28345338.7431910.69560240651469.69948192282351.6917228902440.996120483751.9913.782569.550722222280.078165.56469.550722222216.302794600951.9623.5661.7907553.447114.7661.7907515.636097208551.949.5823.54687521.618541.370523.5468757.563544970251.9150.8360.373420935764.7525165.56460.373420935711.690351321451.91673.8541450.1260441875871.6655246.621450.1260441875401.280866006751.9911.93564.014555555670.03165.56464.014555555616.805603544751.9613.156.607551.4145113.4556.607515.333062328951.940.8317.16913.36141.12417.1698.889164358951.91689.0812408.31692368751433.20756564.62408.3169236875557.21659554551.9915.6375.683333333382.859165.56475.683333333315.805747594751.9626.6766.99355.648116.0766.99316.386484634251.9416.529.516529.973541.61929.51656.9967829572

1157.929.7-26.60.13.10.330.510.320.2730.11343.06-26.5530.460.27357.92283.2951818.09793811381024.44755338.7431728.80583192521357.95952137562099.6521424748370.846310549657.91113.782572.582954545580.078165.56472.582954545516.395119352557.9823.5667.356187553.447136.52567.356187515.575123743857.986.0518.621187515.45641.370518.62118754.363219838257.9210.8349.270205430230.737165.56445.69896389669.395436845257.92273.8541439.3352139546646.1255246.621317.24503535333.079236683457.91111.93567.935181818270.03165.56467.935181818216.856836968457.9813.157.65312551.4145113.4557.65312512.525525488657.980.8314.15112.641.12414.1514.678390092557.92289.0812245.13012631821216.1646564.62136.95908895461.556607193457.91115.6377.718727272782.859165.56477.718727272715.950511614557.9826.6774.1922555.64816074.1922517.700512186657.98822.763518.37141.61922.76354.537569236

126329.2-270.92.20.230.010.920.2470.08927.66-26.9829.980.247631583.2951919.0157059003682.93855338.7431919.01570590031398.56241690422439.4689948964520.453288996163813.782564.618312555.9565156.85664.618312517.909342123963623.5654.204833333336.18475136.52554.204833333317.6137626266376.0518.102785714312.541.370518.10278571435.002525621563140.8335.370246240619.8199736842106.21835.37024624069.0397380773631573.8541487.8161138553.315246.621487.8161138475.974003494763811.93560.94087550.4915156.85660.94087518.134751367463613.144.029833333335.9019044.029833333311.38110084436370.8313.58685714297.141.12413.58685714295.3627202915631589.0812394.76478526671066.76564.62394.7647852667640.864989952763815.6368.315562.7445156.85668.315517.804749065563626.6760.524333333337.478516060.524333333320.8648355831637822.24418.3341.61922.2445.2050814046

zDataTable.hayes

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00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Etoc

meanarea trim mean

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

meanarea trim mean

Etoc

Mean area

mean area as function of Etoc (Hayes)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

meanarea trim mean

Etoc

Mean area

mean area as function of Etoc (Hayes)

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

C-13org

Diatom cell size (area)

1 se

Million years before present

Diatom size (mean area, mm2)

d13Corg

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

delta org hi lat

meanarea trim mean

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

Etoc

Diatom cell size (area)

1 se

Million years before present

Diatom size (mean area, mm2)

Etoc

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Diatom cell size (area)

se

Million years before present

Diatom size (mean area, mm2)

Sea level and the size of diatomsR = 0.74

Chart8

-19.5492005447000

22.3920370315853.41739982361576.220075372130.6147242752

-8.6850366483813.48407511371422.5378456067204.4303046207

108.5409558981842.71976761261537.1035181713148.336017054

105.39332966851141.3180232071312.2471400963970.3889063178

46.62652047291718.0447016431941.28431510321494.8050881829

137.49290813731999.06275192112320.99462913421677.1308747079

118.13789358981913.89830189782215.85712979411611.9394740016

158.6412116042060.52229479142361.37245013421759.6721394486

206.33820047841945.28355061542284.76922062621605.7978806045

190.72410160772227.41280472772664.82735323911789.9982562163

156.45568377411910.69560240652351.69172289021469.6994819228

184.99482583441573.27955992131934.93623012081211.6228897218

207.38310643831894.7491522652363.05285917311426.4454453568

1919.01570590032439.46899489641398.5624169042

Sea level

Mean size

se of mean

se of mean

Age (Ma)

Mean diatom size (mm2)

Sea level (m)

Sheet1

pd13CcSea levelshackSr87/86O-18meanarea.agemeanarea.nmeanarea.minmeanarea.meanmeanarea.medianmeanarea.maxDiatom size (mean area)sesemeanarea.semeandiam.agemeandiam.nmeandiam.minmeandiam.meanmeandiam.medianmeandiam.maxdiatom cell size (mean diameter)meandiam.semeanlen.agemeanlen.nmeanlen.minmeanlen.meanmeanlen.medianmeanlen.maxmeanlen.trim.meanmeanlen.semeanwidth.agemeanwidth.nmeanwidth.minmeanwidth.meanmeanwidth.medianmeanwidth.maxmeanwidth.trim.meanmeanwidth.semeanmaxlindim.agemeanmaxlindim.nmeanmaxlindim.minmeanmaxlindim.meanmeanmaxlindim.medianmeanmaxlindim.maxmeanmaxlindim.trim.meanmeanmaxlindim.seminarea.ageminarea.nminarea.minminarea.meanminarea.medianminarea.maxminarea.trim.meanminarea.semindiam.agemindiam.nmindiam.minmindiam.meanmindiam.medianmindiam.maxmindiam.trim.meanmindiam.seminlen.ageminlen.nminlen.minminlen.meanminlen.medianminlen.maxminlen.trim.meanminlen.seminwidth.ageminwidth.nminwidth.minminwidth.meanminwidth.medianminwidth.maxminwidth.trim.meanminwidth.semaxarea.agemaxarea.nmaxarea.minmaxarea.meanmaxarea.medianmaxarea.maxmaxarea.trim.meanmaxarea.semaxdiam.agemaxdiam.nmaxdiam.minmaxdiam.meanmaxdiam.medianmaxdiam.maxmaxdiam.trim.meanmaxdiam.semaxlen.agemaxlen.nmaxlen.minmaxlen.meanmaxlen.medianmaxlen.maxmaxlen.trim.meanmaxlen.semaxwidth.agemaxwidth.nmaxwidth.minmaxwidth.meanmaxwidth.medianmaxwidth.maxmaxwidth.trim.meanmaxwidth.setimemax/min arealog max/min area

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110.99112542481.5434063224-8.68503664831.50000038440.70886751362.091116157.52851782.1191978132558.162110833.758842.71976761261537.1035181713148.336017054694.3837505586118910.126645.633970926635373.2540.63154706754.505517436311807.4342.252926851134.4855163.1239.38196525122.931691233211672.649.31150842956.836541.37058.23109942260.9444703538111560.87630.66481770423.875377777837226.77729973122.9309979938111617.2531376.2103289845296.961110833.758490.5235445966691.683358088611898.14935.22711235962437229.65227160494.493625155311800.93235.094837528.809136.232.13936111112.915581211511670.8766.56313432844.32441.1245.4888524590.92091552161116169.6272428.0508890373670.61110833.7581354.3789372414710.790826146311891558.146966292142.909374.552.59370370375.10357512461182253.274878048847.315219.649.88594594593.801093000311672.7113.178358209106211.55593442621.41353775661115281.09168619884.1841543815

160.6121542612.8216085547108.54095589811.31673994420.70873973361.311610957.52851375.9964356596726.97510632.041141.3180232071312.2471400963970.3889063178170.9291168893165813.782550.870752465946.3975133.349.44705820413.376652157616577.4344.954674764537.5163.1242.6137587093.706935610416473.221511.4705071286.836561.93366666679.98080624071.7033822138161050.87631.875900377227.411030.09209199582.5133457961161097.253801.8683458761339.6786669611.7577940253115.915939568116581035.698534482827.1325133.333.39287037043.289730457916576.19236.912912280729.47136.234.62762264153.564452472816470.8767.58672340434.32441.1246.42839534881.3627992031610969.6272286.5763194221017.3617194.641884.7724604242299.1565640366165815.6368.293206896664.87517566.58177777784.933634985916587.4357.261896551747.675219.653.5770370374.997944879916474.8417.269297872310.059100.714.85388372092.7273423447162370.69350613543.3748754101

210.98381870172.4119790834105.39332966851.66222039280.70839270541.51218583.2951951.428345411244.30610632.041718.0447016431941.28431510321494.8050881829223.2396134602215610.554.258083073548.0035133.353.2282721563.681834624721357.4358.567263571450.28875163.1256.94861287885.881724548521243.413520.568145138914.9912587.941333333318.28548409094.177828868621801.342.711173801236.966511041.60445468663.0702349682218544.651156.8677276882567.6796669979.8129059935153.577670445821561038.696178571427.4145133.336.54203846153.712107999221357.4349.487457142945.059136.248.13427272735.522904065221241.314.6591256.697575.22712.51327272733.637609128218589.0813172.48190637651669.21817194.642750.6611434026388.9433954205215610.572.137178571466.83517570.86907692315.097084792621367.4370.065055555655.4825219.667.50917647067.966909307421244.8429.911416666719.8465104.79627.64718181825.717133204921385.09832026882.5855716243

260.6352289422.055365654146.62652047291.23977335130.70813869441.23269583.2952408.64729789971357.48521575.983551999.06275192112320.99462913421677.1308747079321.9318772132266210.561.005087490553.61975165.78758.00949865024.581624441726407.4357.738172708350.8190833333163.1255.21363402785.458107589826313.413520.630760147812.587.941333333318.90340452593.789378078526920.8345.451609170237.6858888889165.78742.52087551973.7944167418269544.651626.0597466537715.76421575.983551208.0863147368294.578348222326624.246.604258064530.4765165.78742.34130357144.900946085526407.4350.87785312545.7795136.248.92594791674.949340500126310.8315.32654032266.8175.22713.7608879313.3272033382269589.0813550.09708881471808.6421575.983553079.0529987058425.2344612264266210.577.008008064570.718517575.36456255.350786202226417.4368.834713414657219.664.70792567577.229701743826313.9228.746225806517.55104.79626.97989655174.966240303326483.22471556552.6841491391

310.50765597442.4969204194137.49290813731.12876597090.70794003721.55319983.2952285.23782051551244.30621575.983551913.89830189782215.85712979411611.9394740016301.9588278963316410.558.638821972351.7662371795165.78755.51295010744.58785272431397.4360.619250854751.67163.1259.28650765775.67748301131313.66812521.059443615612.587.941333333319.35287219833.785403874131970.8344.18529144435.33165.78741.32564488843.6220772623319944.651577.422524698715.76421575.983551173.3554439022282.122481692231644.245.3070312529.5165.78741.05687931034.753603874731397.4353.39647435946.5136.252.40087837845.234144402131310.8316.11579435487.175.22714.60457327593.3266651963319989.0813383.27193350911569.54421575.983552950.2799875538402.5933781679316410.573.923851562568.5337517572.12837068975.430090405931407.4373.02156562566.4045219.669.24535069447.537573667931313.9227.99851612917.55104.79626.18062068974.873983841131483.22471556552.6841491391

360.76346948522.1311506501118.1378935898-0.31020385920.70776105130.66366783.2952310.26184053141244.30614202.452060.52229479142361.37245013421759.6721394486300.8501553428364410.559.672307678454.731165.56456.86293844635.496215063636217.4360.019051587363.645625163.1257.36053070188.499935264236183.8920.764542245414.767575.651666666720.76454224544.088649973136660.8346.796630492836.9665165.56444.15431229214.4550531901366773.8541589.3999402881799.85614202.451290.1084917918265.8064670828364410.546.626272727330165.56442.5314255.558314761936217.4355.415244047651.67136.253.68895394747.741531096936180.8316.40385416678.292564.2816.40385416674.0317843299366789.0813393.5762659941470.9137515197.243019.3406364197453.7355875967364410.574.017113636478.6517572.3247256.498031038336227.4367.627329545561.952219.663.038562510.437709854836186.3226.793888888918.8588.3826.79388888894.916802323136205.77409483582.3133907

411.66448898732.5504299271158.6412116040.34236142960.70773795790.24413283.2952069.07739120191378.44367768.6751945.28355061542284.76922062621605.7978806045339.4856700108412013.782561.386858440252.5569038462165.56458.24392604468.383214403541117.4350.840068181829.47163.1250.840068181814.30504740214199.5822.727638888919.3241.370522.72763888893.731306654441310.8348.629305953237.433165.56446.24532705346.626759217413273.8541287.5339705625819.2285246.621196.0204352667227.8710174176412011.93547.6478529.1465165.56443.0819.235944236441117.4348.117795454536.62136.248.117795454512.43562618914190.8317.452611111117.03541.12417.45261111114.6576625633413289.0813217.21887271881481.32710023.6653094.6085975667573.6045757412412015.6374.16481.4295165.56472.33811111118.453392082241127.4354.606895833335.11219.654.606895833317.21397147941916.531.016777777831.16231.01677777785.189404190741135.72270967042.1326525216

460.65160590511.9383356571206.33820047840.17901721580.7077695365-0.06462383.2952375.11473475141444.210257768.6752227.41280472772664.82735323911789.9982562163437.4145485114461313.782569.312801282173.81075165.56469.312801282112.244521559346823.5672.369437555.59775163.1272.369437517.41605150394679.5825.136785714330.73741.370525.13678571434.376878554346220.8358.209818567357.13325165.56455.7111004248.6610250915462373.8541536.92910504351368.2565246.621429.9474007619293.899688531461311.93560.936230769243.71165.56460.936230769212.824112504546813.165.11753.849136.265.11715.20184852364670.8319.210857142919.62241.12419.21085714295.7709575315462389.0813413.65959521741619.37710023.6653257.2106995238694.5322797794461315.6377.011923076986.69165.56477.011923076912.032160262546826.6783.33112557.515219.683.33112523.025073981946716.534.93833.46234.9385.884762086146135.72270967042.1326525216

513.8113833881.6679349022190.7241016077-0.54483595960.707723083-0.92511683.2951910.69560240651296.28345338.7431910.69560240652351.69172289021469.6994819228440.996120483751913.782569.550722222280.078165.56469.550722222216.302794600951623.5661.7907553.447114.7661.7907515.63609720855149.5823.54687521.618541.370523.5468757.563544970251150.8360.373420935764.7525165.56460.373420935711.6903513214511673.8541450.1260441875871.6655246.621450.1260441875401.280866006751911.93564.014555555670.03165.56464.014555555616.805603544751613.156.607551.4145113.4556.607515.33306232895140.8317.16913.36141.12417.1698.8891643589511689.0812408.31692368751433.20756564.62408.3169236875557.21659554551915.6375.683333333382.859165.56475.683333333315.805747594751626.6766.99355.648116.0766.99316.386484634251416.529.516529.973541.61929.51656.99678295725188.88618084331.9488342463

560.93210769923.2423530877156.4556837741-0.4537190350.7077537609-0.195562183.2951681.6356970716863.6055338.7431573.27955992131934.93623012081211.6228897218361.6566701995561013.782564.1556555.9565165.56464.1556515.547723104156823.5667.356187553.447136.52567.356187515.57512374385676.0518.651071428612.541.370518.65107142865.038094124856200.8350.826915701834.085165.56447.23023966869.7410380391562173.8541307.5779384286631.625246.621165.1927740526320.8426063993561011.93559.043150.4915165.56459.043115.832183006256813.157.65312551.4145113.4557.65312512.52552548865670.8313.54228571437.141.12413.54228571435.3562176674562189.0812106.26146566671185.296564.61977.7794620526461.6546289229561015.6369.80562.7445165.56469.80515.310523452856826.6774.1922555.64816074.1922517.7005121866567823.385142857118.3341.61923.38514285715.19013098485688.88618084331.9488342463

611.35909468532.4239620304184.99482583440.12699206520.7078067763-0.16611783.2951894.749152265682.93855338.7431894.7491522652363.05285917311426.4454453568468.303706908261813.782564.618312555.9565156.85664.618312517.909342123961623.5654.204833333336.18475136.52554.204833333317.6137626266186.0518.621187515.45641.370518.62118754.363219838261160.8336.284715460524.9019736842106.21836.28471546058.0052180313611773.8541487.9553945294553.315246.621487.9553945294425.868290680661811.93560.94087550.4915156.85660.94087518.134751367461613.144.029833333335.9019044.029833333311.38110084436180.8314.15112.641.12414.1514.6783900925611789.0812368.44539876471066.76564.62368.4453987647580.245693417361815.6368.315562.7445156.85668.315517.804749065561626.6760.524333333337.478516060.524333333320.8648355831618822.763518.37141.61922.76354.5375692366188.88618084331.9488342463

630.26321118482.0460573446207.3831064383-0.4252155310.7078204669-0.1631583.2951919.0157059003682.93855338.7431919.01570590032439.46899489641398.5624169042520.453288996163813.782564.618312555.9565156.85664.618312517.909342123963623.5654.204833333336.18475136.52554.204833333317.6137626266376.0518.102785714312.541.370518.10278571435.002525621563140.8335.370246240619.8199736842106.21835.37024624069.0397380773631573.8541487.8161138553.315246.621487.8161138475.974003494763811.93560.94087550.4915156.85660.94087518.134751367463613.144.029833333335.9019044.029833333311.38110084436370.8313.58685714297.141.12413.58685714295.3627202915631589.0812394.76478526671066.76564.62394.7647852667640.864989952763815.6368.315562.7445156.85668.315517.804749065563626.6760.524333333337.478516060.524333333320.8648355831637822.24418.3341.61922.2445.20508140466388.88618084331.9488342463

Sheet1

Haq's sea level

Mean size

se of mean

se of mean

Age (Ma)

Mean diatom size (mm2)

Sea level (m)

Sheet2

O-18

Mean size

se of mean

se of mean

Age (Ma)

Mean diatom size (mm2)

d18O

Sheet3

A potential climatic feedback:The evolution of large diatoms in a Hothouse worldIncrease the efficiency of the biological pumpSmall cells decrease efficiency of biological pumpRadiation of small diatoms in response to reduced shelf area and low CO2Drawdown of CO2 and climatic cooling, and decreased shelf areaDecreased drawdown of CO2, warming

Explain ekman, plume stratification death decay - hypoxiaSybil Seitzinger's nutrient biogeochemistry group addresses land and atmosphere interactions with the coastal ocean spatial scales range from molecular to global temporal scales from minutes to decades Two projects are highlighted here. 1. Development of spatially explicit global models of N, P, C and Si transport to coastal systems as a function of natural and anthropogenic watershed properties. Seitzinger chairs an international workgroup (20 scientists from 8 countries) that are developing this model-system Model system will be used for analysis of past, current and hypothetical future scenarios of land use/human activities to identify the major factors controlling nutrient transport globally to highlight differences in the spatial pattern of factors controlling N vs P vs C vs Si export to coastal systems to identify differences in factors controlling export of different forms of these nutrients (dissolved inorganic, dissolved organic, and particulate) guide environmentally sound economic development, particularly in less developed nations Model system will be interfaced with coastal ecosystem effects - through the use of global observations systems (remote sensing, etc.) Add global DIN export image as backgroundWhy chose Mediterranean?Dynamics (human activities, industrialized countries, desert regions)Add units

SeaWiFS chlorophyll data, Spatial differencesMention the result with SW region

The average of the distribution has also changed over 2-fold over the Cenozoic from a mean area of ~2000 um2 in the Paleocene to