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Environmental Assessment Report
Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 40050 May 2007
People’s Republic of China: Jilin Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Prepared by Jilin Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 4 May 2007)
Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.13
$1.00 = CNY7.7223
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank CEMC – Changchun Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center CEPB – Changchun Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau CHP – combined heat and power plant CMG – Changchun municipal government COD – chemical oxygen demand CPMO – Changchun municipal project management office dB(A) – A-weighted decibel DI – design institute DHP – district heating plant EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan EMC – environmental management consultant EMU – environmental management unit FS – feasibility study HDPE – high density polythylene IA – implementing agency JPEB – Jilin Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau JPG – Jilin provincial government JPMO – Jilin project management office JPLG – Jilin Provincial Project Leading Group MOC – Ministry of Construction PDMF – project design and monitoring framework PPMS – project performance management system PPTA – project preparatory technical assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – resettlement plan SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment SEPA – State Environmental Protection Administration SRB – Songhua River basin TDS – total dissolved solids TSP – total suspended particulates TSS – total suspended solids WWTP – wastewater treatment plant YEMC – Yanji municipal Environmental Monitoring Center YEPB – Yanji municipal Environmental Protection Bureau YMG – Yanji municipal government YPMO – Yanji municipal project management office
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
ha – hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m3/d – cubic meter per day m3/a – cubic meter per annum mg/l – milligram per liter mm – millimeter m/s – meter per second mu – unit of land measure, 667 m2
t/d – tons per day t/yr – tons per year
NOTE
In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.
CONTENTS
Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Physical Environment 6 B. Topography and Geology 6 C. Ambient Air Quality and Pollution 9 D. Noise 9 E. Social and Economic Conditions 10 F. Natural and Cultural Heritage 10 IV. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES A. With or Without Yanji Wastewater Management Subproject 11 B. Site Selection and Treatment Process Alternatives for Yanji Wastewater Management Subproject 11 C. With or Without Yanji Water Supply Subproject 11 D. Alternative Sites and Water Sources for Yanji Water Supply Subproject 12 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits 13 B. Potential Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Design Phase 14 C. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 15 D. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase 17 E. Land Acquisition and Resettlement 18 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 19 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Objectives 21 B. Mitigation Measures 21 C. Implementing Organization and Responsibilities 21 D. Inspection, Monitoring, and Reporting 22 E. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment 22 VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE 23 IX CONCLUSIONS A. Benefits 24 B. Risks 25 C. Overall Conclusion 25
Appendixes
1. References 2. Environmental Management Plan
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I. INTRODUCTION
1. The Songhua River basin (SRB) is one of the seven major largest river basins of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and is the third largest river basin in the PRC after those of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers. It has an area of 557,000 square kilometers (km2) and a population of 62 million. Major cities such as Changchun and Harbin, and PRC’s largest oil fields are located in the basin. Agriculture is well-developed and there is a large industrial base. The Songhua River catchment area covers portions of three provinces—Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Changchun is located in the upstream part of the Songhua River, which flows through Harbin. After Harbin, the river joins the Heilongjiang River, enters Russia, and eventually discharges into the sea. 2. Like other river basins in the PRC, the SRB is seriously polluted and is now acknowledged by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) as being one of the four most polluted basins among 47 major rivers in the PRC. Pollution is recognized as impairing both natural resources and economic development within the region. Water pollution issues within the SRB, especially in relation to the protection of drinking water resources for the municipality of Harbin, have received increased national and international attention due to the recent well-publicized pollution incident in the SRB. 3. Pollution is due mainly to the discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. By 2004, the wastewater treatment rate in the SRB had reached only 15%, and even in big cities such as Changchun, Daqing, Harbin, and Mudanjiang, the rate is below 40%. 4. Changchun is an industrial, communication, and transportation center in northeast PRC. Pillar industries include manufacturing automobiles and automobile parts, raising agricultural products and refining by-products, and manufacturing high-tech products. With an urban population of 420,400, Yanji City is the capital of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture bordering Russia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. It is the economic center of east Jilin Province and is one of the most developed cities in the province rivaling Changchun and Jilin City. Key industrial sectors include food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, farm machinery, and bus manufacture. 5. All major rivers in Changchun (Yitong and Yongchun rivers) flow into the SRB. In Yanji, the Buerhatong River crosses the urban built-up area from west to east and eventually empties into the Tumen River. Jilin Province, therefore, has a critical role to play in wastewater management in the SRB. Underdevelopment of wastewater collection and wastewater treatment in Changchun and Yanji leads to the discharge of untreated wastewater into local rivers, and eventually to the pollution of Songhua River. Water quality in the Yitong and Yongchun rivers in Changchun does not meet class V of PRC surface water quality standards.1 Due to the discharge of untreated wastewater into the Buerhatong River, water quality in the Yanji section of the river has deteriorated from class III to class IV. 6. The lack of adequate wastewater management degrades local rivers, poses a threat to public health, and adversely affects the quality of life in Changchun and Yanji. There is an urgent need to expand the sewer network and wastewater treatment capacity in Changchun and Yanji to improve water quality in the Yitong and Buerhatong rivers. The Yanji municipal government (YMG) has just completed a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a capacity of
1 Class V is the lowest rank of water quality in the People’s Republic of China.
2
100,000 cubic meters (m3) per day. Upon completion in 2006, it had the capacity to achieve 100% treatment of municipal wastewater discharge in Yanji. To ensure that the capacity is fully utilized, improvements in the sewer network are urgently required. 7. Changchun and Yanji rely primarily on surface water for their water supply. Their per capita production levels are well within the normal range for the PRC. Under normal conditions, water demand is expected to exhaust capacity in both Changchun and Yanji by 2010. Both cities experienced supply problems during a severe episode of drought in 2004, leading to dangerously low water levels in water supply reservoirs and a resulting loss of effective treatment plant capacity. Both cities experienced low pressure and supply interruptions. 8. Changchun has a domestic solid waste management system featuring domestic waste collection, extensive informal recovery of recyclables, and disposal in a managed landfill. Given that the present landfill site will be fully utilized within 2 years, timely construction of a new domestic solid waste treatment facility is urgent. 9. Yanji’s existing district heating plant (Yanji DHP) services only about 15% of the building space (2 million square meters [m2]) due to the retrofitted distribution system that does not allow efficient hot water delivery. The remaining area is heated by approximately 700 small inefficient boilers. As a result, total suspended particulates in the urban area average 0.38 milligram (mg)/m3 in winter, which is more than twice the PRC ambient air quality standard of 0.15 mg/m3. Yanji will construct a combined heat and power plant (Yanji CHP), which is expected to be completed by early 2009, allowing complete coverage of the city with a central heating service, together with the existing Yanji DHP. However, to fully capture the benefits of these facilities, the heating distribution system needs to be upgraded, and treated wastewater effluent is required for plant cooling. 10. To help address pollution in the SRB, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) provided technical assistance (TA) for the Songhua River Basin Water Quality and Pollution Control Management (SRBWQPCM).2 The completed TA (i) addressed the technical knowledge gaps, (ii) strengthened the capacity of the Songhua Water Resources Protection Bureau, and (iii) assisted the Government in developing a long-term water pollution control plan for the SRB beyond 2010. The TA provided strategic policy inputs to the 11th Five-Year Plan and Songhua River Pollution Control Plan (SRBPCP). The SRBPCP was endorsed and approved by SEPA, National Development Reform Commission (NDRC), and the Ministry of Construction (MOC)3 in 2006 with a prioritized list of water supply, landfill, wastewater, and sewerage development projects to clean up the SRB and promote sustainable development. The Jilin Urban Environmental Improvement Project (Jilin II) is the first outcome of the Songhua TA and follows this priority list of SRBPCP. 11. Jilin II is also a continuation of ADB’s effort for environmental improvement in the SRB following the Jilin Water Supply and Sewerage Development Project (Jilin I). Lessons learned from Jilin I regarding the integration of wastewater treatment, water reuse, and water resource protection are considered and improvements are made in Jilin II. Further, Jilin II focuses on strengthening the environmental management institution and mechanism for continuously seeking to improve environmental performance, and initiated a policy dialogue on integrated river basin management. The experience of Jilin II would benefit other PRC projects.
2 ADB. 2002. Technical Assistance to the People’s Republic of China for Songhua River Water Quality and Pollution
Control Management. Manila. 3 SEPA, 2006, NDRC, MOC, Songhua River Pollution Control Plan, Beijing.
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12. The ongoing Jilin I will allow Changchun to meet the state target of 70% secondary treatment by 2010.4 After completion of the Jilin II Project, domestic and industrial5 wastewater collection and treatment will increase to 80% in Changchun and 100% in Yanji, thus improving the water quality of the Xinlicheng drinking water reservoir, Buerhatong and Yitong Rivers, and downstream of SRB. By replacing the 700 polluting coal-based boilers, the Yanji heat network upgrading subprojects will help increase central heating coverage in Yanji from 15% to 100%, resulting in air quality improvement from Class III to the targeted Class II in winter.The proposed water supply and waste management subprojects will greatly improve the reliable and safe water supply in Changchun and Yanji and improve sanitation in Changchun. 13. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) was prepared in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines of the PRC and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (May 2003) of ADB. The SEIA is based on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports for individual subprojects prepared by qualified local institutes using methodologies and standards consistent with relevant guidelines established by SEPA, applicable PRC laws and regulations, as well as relevant ADB safeguard requirements (Appendix 1). The individual subproject EIAs have been submitted to Jilin Environmental Protection Bureau (JEPB) and SEPA, respectively, in 2006, with the last one expected to be approved in early 2007.
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
14. The Project will comprise seven subprojects: (i) Changchun No. 5 water treatment plant and distribution network; (ii) Changchun Jingyue WWTP; (iii) Changchun municipal solid waste management; (iv) reuse of Yanji wastewater treatment effluent, associated network, and upgrading and expansion of the sewerage network; (v) upgrading and expansion of the Yanji water treatment plant, associated transmission mains and distribution network, and existing water distribution network; (vi) Yanji heating network for a planned Yanji CHP; and (vii) the second heating network for the existing Yanji DHP. The project components are summarized in Table 1 and the locations of physical investments are shown in Map 2 and Map 3.
Table 1: Summary of Project Description Subproject Scope of Work Implementation
Agency 1. Changchun No. 5
Water Treatment Plant and Distribution Mains
- 300,000 m3/d treatment plant; - 25.5 km water transmission main, 1,400 mm to 1,600 mm in diameter - 58.15 km distribution main, 400 mm to 1,600 mm in diameter; and, - northern booster pumping station (120,000 m3/d capacity, civil works
not included) and southern booster pumping station (180,000 m3/d)
Changchun Water Group
2. Changchun Jingyue WWTP
- 100,000 m3/d WWTP; - 54.36 km sewer pipelines; - 34.2 km storm water pipelines; and - 36 km wastewater interceptor
Changchun Jingyue Development and Construction General Co.
4 State Government policies require that urban environmental pollution and ecological damage be controlled by
2010. Major cities, such as provincial capitals, should attain a wastewater treatment rate of 70% by 2010. 5 The urban WWTP receives both domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater that meet the Discharge
Standards for Municipal Wastewater (MOC, CJ3082-1999). If industrial wastewater cannot meet the standard, pretreatment is required according to the standard.
4
Subproject Scope of Work Implementation Agency
3. Changchun Domestic Solid Waste Management
- 2,600 t/d sanitary landfill with 10-year service life and an expected additional service life of 12 after expansion; including a 300 m3/d leachate treatment plant, retention walls, 36,800 m3 leachate regulating tank, 1.6 km inside roads;
- One transfer station with 2,000 t/d capacity and associated machinery and equipment; and
- 30 solid waste transport trucks
Changchun Municipal Liya Environmental Sanitation and Infrastructure Construction Co.
4. Yanji Effluent Reuse and Sewerage Upgrade and Expansion
- 50,000 m3/d tertiary wastewater plant; - 16.1 km water reuse transmission main, 500 mm to 800 mm in
diameter; and - 40 km sewerage networks, including new pipe, existing pipe
replacement
Yanji Sewerage Treatment Co.
5. Yanji Water Treatment Plant and Network Upgrade and Expansion
- 60,000 m3/d treatment plant; - 10.1 km water transmission main, 800 mm in diameter; - 9 km distribution main, 700 mm to 1,000 mm in diameter; and - 35.7 km water supply networks, including new pipe and existing pipe
replacement
Yanji Water Supply Co.
6. Yanji Heating Networks for Combined Heat and Power Plant
- Heating for 6.9744 million m2 area; - 44 km heating pipe networks; - 35 heat exchange stations; and - 1 booster PS
Yanji Combined Heat and Power Plant Preparatory Committee
7. Secondary Heating Networks for Yanji District Heating Plant
- Heating for 9.3 million m2 area; - 77.6 km heating pipe networks, including new pipe and existing pipe
replacement; and - 57 heat exchange stations
Yanji District Heating Plant
km = kilometer, m2 = square meter, m3 = cubic meter, m3/d = cubic meter per day, mm = millimeter, PS = pumping station, t/d = tons per day, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant. Source: Project feasibility study reports, 2006. 15. The Changchun No. 5 water treatment plant will improve water supply capacity. The subproject will construct (i) a 300,000 m3/d treatment plant; (ii) 25.5 kilometer (km) water transmission mains, from 1,400 millimeters (mm) to 1,600 mm in diameter; (iii) a 58.15 km distribution pipeline network, from 400 mm to 1,200 mm in diameter; and (iv) a northern lifting station (120,000 m3/d) and a southern lifting station (180,000 m3/d), to ensure sufficient pressure to the users at the end of the pipes. 16. The Changchun Jingyue wastewater treatment subproject will intercept, collect, and treat wastewater from Jingyue district, which currently discharges into the Yitong River without any treatment. Following completion of the project, the wastewater treatment rate in the district will increase from the current zero to 100%, complying with the state and provincial pollution control requirements and significantly improving the quality of receiving water in the Yitong River and the downstream water bodies in the SRB. The subproject will construct (i) a 100,000 m3/d WWTP, (ii) a 54.36 km wastewater collection system, (iii) a 34.2 storm drainage system, and (iv) a 36 km wastewater interceptor. 17. The Changchun municipal solid waste management subproject will upgrade and improve the city’s solid waste management by replacing the existing, overcapacity landfill with a new, better designed landfill. The subproject will construct (i) a 2,600 tons per day (t/d) sanitary landfill with a 26-year life span; the landfill will include a leachate collection system, 300 m3/d leachate treatment plant, retaining walls, 36,800 m3 equalization tank, drainage management,
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1.6 km inside roads, and a landfill gas collection system; and (ii) one transfer station of 2,000 t/d capacity. It will also procure 30 heavy-duty hauling trucks to expand the solid waste vehicle fleet and transport efficiency. 18. After the completion of the Changchun solid waste subproject, the existing Sandao landfill 6 will be closed by the end of 2008. Closure will be according to the requirements specified in PRC landfill technical specification for urban domestic solid waste.7 Currently, the leakage treatment facility has been completed and put into operation, and the effluent from the leakage treatment plant can meet Class I of PRC discharge standards. A methane gas collection system is under construction and methane gas will be used for electricity generation. 19. The Yanji wastewater management will support water conservation in the city by reusing the effluent as cooling water in the city’s co-generation plant and saving on fresh water usage. The wastewater management component will improve the city’s wastewater collection efficiency and ensure a newly constructed WWTP with matching wastewater collection capacity. The subproject will construct (i) a 50,000 m3/d wastewater reuse plant to ensure that the effluent will reach sufficient quality standards for the intended usage; (ii) 16.1 km water reuse transmission mains, from 500 mm to 800 mm in diameter; and (iii) a 40 km sewerage network, including new pipelines and replacement of existing pipes. 20. The Yanji water treatment plant and water supply network upgrading subproject will improve the city’s water supply capacity and reduce the dependence of the city’s water supply on weather conditions. The subproject will construct (i) a 60,000 m3/d treatment plant; (ii) a 10.1 km water transmission main, from 800 mm in diameter; (iii) a 9 km distribution main, from 700 mm to 1,000 mm in diameter; and (iv) a 35.7 km water supply network, including new pipes and replacement of existing pipes. 21. Yanji has an existing DHP8 that services the downtown core. This system services about 15% of the building space (2 million m2). It is inefficient because of the retrofitted distribution system and insufficient heat exchange stations that do not allow efficient hot water delivery. Heat and energy losses result from poor insulation of the piping materials, hot water leaks from the network, and insufficient heat exchange stations. To fully utilize the existing DHP, the second network needs to be improved and expanded. The subproject will (i) build or replace 77.6 km of steam pipe lines, and (ii) build 57 units of heat exchange stations. 22. The plan now is to build a new Yanji CHP9 for expanding the central heating area. The ADB subproject―heating networks for Yanji CHP― will construct (i) a 44 km hot water/steam pipe network, including new pipes and replacing existing water leaking/heat loss pipes; (ii) 35 units of heating exchange stations; and (iii) one booster pumping station. Heating networks
6 The capacity of the Sandao landfill is about 6.08 million m3 and the remaining capacity is about 1.28 million, which
can last for about 2 years. The Sandao landfill started to construct HDPE (high-density polyethylene) liners protected by geotextile in 2003; however, about half of the completed landfill was constructed before 2003 without any standardized liner system. It is reported that ground drinking water downstream of the landfill is polluted. After the closure of the landfill, groundwater pollution will still be a major environmental issue if the landfill is not rehabilitated.
7 Ministry of Construction (MOC), 2004. Landfill Technical Specification for Urban Domestic Waste, CJJ17-2204. Beijing.
8 The existing DHP is equipped with highly efficient dust removers and desulfurization devices that can meet PRC emission standard for air pollutants for thermal power plants (GB13223-1996).
9 The EIA of the Yanji CHP is being reviewed by SEPA and will be approved in April. TheYanji CHP will be equipped with highly efficient dust remover (electrostatic precipitators) and desulfurization devices that can meet PRC emission standards.
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subprojects, together with Yanji CHP (which is not a part of ADB subproject), will significantly conserve coal consumption and improve the central space heating efficiency, and hence improve energy efficiency. The technology applied for clean combustion, emission treatment and energy savings is sufficient and acceptable. The energy efficiency would be higher than that of the average for the PRC. Circulating Fluidized Bed technology will be used to control SO2 emissions with the removal rate greater than 80%. The plant will be equipped with advanced electrostatic precipitators to remove dust and with a wastewater treatment facility. The water reuse and water recycling rate will be as high as 98%.
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. Physical Environment
23. The project area is in the central and eastern part of Jilin Province encompassing the cities of Changchun and Yanji. Changchun is the provincial capital with an area of 20,571 km2 and a population of 7.24 million. The Changchun municipal government (CMG) administers an area of 3,563 km2 with an urban population of 2.98 million. Yanji is 420 km east of Changchun and has an area of 1,350 km2 and a population of 420,040. Yanji is the capital of Yanbian Korean Minority Autonomous Prefecture and the Korean population is 60.8% of the total in the city. B. Topography and Geology
24. Changchun lies in a transitional zone between the Changbaishan Mountain ranges to the east and the Songliao plains to the west. The terrain is characterized by gently sloping hilly plains going east to west. Typical topographic features include low hills and valleys, mesa plains, alluvial plains, and volcanic cones. The underlying geology is alluvial structure over a granite layer. The geological formation becomes increasingly complicated toward the south, and the southern part of the city lies within the transitional zone between the east and west structural system. 25. Yanji lies at the center of Yanji plain in the north of Changbaishan Mountain. The city is surrounded by hills and the terrain slightly slopes from north to south. typical topographic features include some valley plains formed by alluvium of the Buerhatong River and its branches, and many low hills produced by erosion. The geological formation belongs to the Cretaceous system and consists of sand and shale with various colors.
1. Climate and Rainfall
26. The project area is in the northern temperate continental climate zone. Seasonal changes are distinct, with long winters that are cold and dry, short summers that are hot and rainy, springs that are dry and windy, and falls that are cool. Some typical climate data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Climate Data Parameter Changchun Yanji Annual Average Temperature (0C) 4.3–4.9 5.7 Average Temperature in January (0C) (16.9)–(18.8) (13.7) Lowest Temperature (0C) (40.7) (27.9) Average Temperature in July (0C) 22.4–22.7 24.9 Highest Temperature in July (0C) 38
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Parameter Changchun Yanji Average Humidity (%) 65 64.6 Annual Rainfall (millimeters) 597.2 563 Ground Frozen Depth (meters) 1.69 1.5
( ) = negative. Sources: Individual environmental impact assessment reports.
27. The prevailing wind in Changchun is from the southwest, with a frequency of 24.5% to 32%. This is followed by winds from the south, with a frequency of 9.4%. Windless conditions occur at a frequency of 9.8%. The annual average wind speed is 3.7 meters per second (m/s). 28. The prevailing wind in Yanji is from the west, with a frequency of 15.57%. This is followed by winds from the northwest, with a frequency of 13.18%. Windless conditions occur at a frequency of 29.59%. The annual average wind speed is 2.26 m/s.
2. River System and Hydrology
29. Changchun is in the SRB. Two major rivers pass through the city. The Yitong River is the largest branch of the Yinma River. The Yitong River is 383 km long with a catchment area of 8,714 km2. It is the major body receiving municipal and industrial wastewater. The Xinkai River, one of the larger branches of the Yitong River, is 127 km long and has a catchment area of 2,419 km2. 30. Yanji is in the Tumen River basin. Three rivers flow through the city: Buerhatong, Hailan and Yanji Rivers. The Buerhatong River flows through the city from west to east and then north after it is joined by the Hailan River. The Buerhatong River is 242 km long and has a catchment area of 7,141 km2. The Yanji River empties into the Buerhatong River in the city and has a catchment area of 231 km2 in the city. 31. Groundwater resources in the project area are mostly in the Quaternary fluvial valley aquifer. In the Changchun area, this layer is approximately 3 m underground with a thickness of approximately 10–20 m, and is in an equilibrium state between extraction and replenishment in recent years. In the southern part of the project area, the depth (5–20 m below ground) and thickness (4–16 m) of this aquifer layer vary considerably due to extraction for potable, industrial, and irrigation water use.
3. Ecological Resources
32. Changchun is rich in secondary forest resources. Forest coverage is approximately 14.4%. Major species include Pinus tabuliformis mukdensis, Populus pseudosimonii, and Cinnamomum camphora. In urban Changchun, most vegetation is planted. One type of vegetation is protective woodland consisting of coniferous and broadleaf trees. Another type is the landscaped woodland consisting of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. The third type is agricultural land dominated by dry farming of vegetables. 33. Due to human disturbance, farmland inhabitants and grassland inhabitants typify the wildlife in Changchun. Common farmland avifauna include the sparrow, sand martin, red-rumped swallow, magpie, and crow. Common farmland mammals include various species of mice such as Cricetulus barabensis, Mcromys minutus, and Apodemus agrarius. Common species that inhabit grassland and riparian habitats include different species of frogs and toads such as Rana temporaria and R. nigromacula.
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34. Aquatic life in Changchun includes plankton and annelids. Phytoplankton includes blue algae, green algae, dinoflagellates, and diatoms. 35. Human activities have disturbed the wildlife in Changchun. Large wildlife no longer inhabit the area. Only a few roe deer could occasionally be found in woodlands far from human habitation. Common wildlife includes Manchurian hare, squirrel, yellow-throated marten, Himalayan weasel, mountain weasel, badger, fox, raccoon dog, muskrat, and pheasant. No threatened or endangered species has been recorded in Changchun. 36. In Yanji, there are 700 km2 of forests and grasslands, more than 900 cash plants, and more than 10 precious wild animals. The forest cover is about 38%, consisting of natural secondary forests. Major species include broadleaf woodland forms, shrubs, and cash trees. The grassland cover is about 5%. 37. Human activities have disturbed the wildlife in Yanji. However, there are more than 10 precious wild animals in the area. No threatened or endangered species has been recorded in the project sites.
4. Water Quality and Pollution
38. The Yitong River receives Changchun’s domestic and industrial wastewater. Water quality downstream of the Yitong River in Changchun has been characterized as Class V or worse than Class V,10 based on water quality monitoring data for this project. Major pollutants are chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and petroleum hydrocarbon (Table 3). 39. The Buerhatong River receives Yanji’s domestic and industrial wastewater. Water quality upstream of the Buerhatong River in Yanji has been characterized as Class III except for the NH3-N, and water quality downstream is characterized as Class IV except for the NH3-N. 40. The Shitoumen reservoir in Changchun will be the source of potable water to Changchun no. 5 water supply plant. The reservoir was built under the World Bank-funded Songhua River water diversion to Changchun project. The raw water source for the proposed No. 5 water treatment plant comes from mixing water from the Shitoumen reservoir and from the Majiajiang section of the Songhua River. In general, the quality of the raw water source meets the Class II standard for surface water environmental quality (GB3838-2002) as well as Class II water quality standard for domestic drinking water source (CJ3020-93) published by MOC. The irrigation capacity of the reservoir after the expansion is 386 million m3, and serves as drinking water source of 1.12 million m3/day to existing water treatment plants nos. 1, 2, 4, and the proposed water treatment plant no. 5 in Changchun. 41. The Xinlicheng reservoir, also one of the drinking water sources for Changchun. Its designed irrigation capacity is 275 million m3. However because of drought in the past several years, the water remaining in the reservoirs was much lower than the designed capacity. To assure the water supply to Changchun, currently water for the reservoir is diverted mainly from the Songhua River. Due to lack of a sewerage system, raw wastewater is directly discharged
10 In the PRC, Class I is suitable for natural reservoir and river source. Class II is suitable as first-level protective zone
for drinking water sources; and Class III, as second-level protective zone for drinking water sources. Class IV is suitable for industrial use and noncontact recreational use; and Class V for agricultural use and the landscape.
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into the reservoir and the water quality of the reservoir cannot meet the requirement specified by the Changchun government as drinking water source. 42. The locally funded Yanji reservoir is under construction, it will mainly provide drinking water sources for the proposed Yanji water treatment plant. The water quality monitored at the reservoir site meets Class II standards (Table 3).
Table 3: Surface Water Quality of Rivers Water Body Main Pollutants Current Water
Quality Water Quality Requirement
Yitong River COD, BOD, NH3N > V Class III Buerhatong River IV III Shitoumen Reservoir COD Close to II II Yanji Reservoir II II Xinlincheng BOD, NH3-H III II Diverted water from Songhua River
II II
BOD5 = 5-day biological oxygen demand, COD = chemical oxygen demand, NH3N = ammonia, TN = total nitrogen, TP = total phosphorus. Source: Environmental impact assessments.
43. Project activities will have no adverse impacts on the water bodies, provided that environmental management plan (EMP) clauses are implemented. After the Project (Jingyue WWTP component) is completed, the water quality of Xinlicheng will significantly improve to Class II. The COD in various sections of the Yitong River will be lower in 2010 than it was in 2005 by 8–13%, and nitrogen contamination will decrease by 4–10%. Similarly, the Yanji water reuse component will reduce the concentration of all pollutants discharged in the Buerhatong River by 50%.
C. Ambient Air Quality and Pollution
44. Recent monitoring indicates that air quality in the project area could be characterized as Class II of ambient air quality standard11 (GB3095-1996) except during the winter heating period in Yanji. The major air pollutant is total suspended particulates (TSP), particularly in Changchun where TSP background levels have been found to approach the Class II limit. During the winter heating period in Yanji from October to April, since most of the heating means are still individual boilers, both TSP and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exceed Class II limits and sometimes even exceed Class III. D. Noise
45. Primary sources of noise in the project areas are traffic and social activities. The noise levels for all components comply with Class II except that the water, wastewater, water reuse, and heating network pipeline subcomponents are in areas where the noise standards are Class IV (Urban Environment Noise Standards, GB3096-93).
11 According to Ambient Air Quality Standard of PRC (GB3095-96) and its amendment (2000), ambient air quality
(i) Class I is applied to natural scenic and specially protected areas; (ii) Class II to urban areas and mixed urban, residential, business, and traffic areas; and (iii) Class III to industrial areas. Therefore, Class II should apply to the project corridor.
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E. Social and Economic Conditions
46. Some socioeconomic indexes in Changchun and Yanji are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Social-Economic Indexes
Item Indexes Changchun Yanji PRC Area Districts Changyao, Erdao,
Kuancheng, Luyuan, Nanguan, Shuangyang
Nil
Towns/Counties Dehui, Jiutai, Nongan, Yushu,
County-Level City
Economy GDP
CNY150.9 billion CNY7.464 billion CNY136.9
trillion Per capita GDP CNY20,728 CNY17,754 CNY10,561 Average salary of
employed workers CNY15,109 CNY17,052 CNY16,024
Urban and rural residents’ disposable income
CNY10,065 CNY10,001 CNY9,422
Ecological Tourism
Parks area 7,862 ha 912 ha 1,320,000 ha
Per capita public green land area
3.8 m2 3.9 m2 7.1 m2 ( city only)
Tourists annually 12.19 million 520,000 1,302.9 million Transportation Conditions
Urban city roads 1,769 km 142 km 223,000 km
Per capita road area
4.2 km2 7.3 km2
Airport one one GDP = gross domestic product, ha = hectare, km = kilometer, km2 = square kilometer, m2 = square meter, PRC = People’s Republic of China. Source: Changchun statistical yearbook 2006, Yanji statistical yearbook 2006.
F. Natural and Cultural Heritage
47. The project is not expected to encroach on known cultural heritage sites.
IV. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
48. During project development, various alternatives were proposed, screened, and compared using technical, economic, as well as environmental criteria. In the environmental comparison of alternatives, the primary objective was to identify and adopt options with the least adverse environmental impacts and maximum environmental benefits.
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A. With or Without Yanji Wastewater Management Subproject
49. Compared with the with-project scenario, the without-subproject scenario would result in
(i) the discharge of 50,000 m3/d of treated effluent to the Buerhatong River. Although the existing Yanji WWTP can be expected to reach the applicable discharge standards, the result is still wastewater, with quality worse than Category V. Discharge of this effluent would still cause adverse impacts on the receiving water, which is now of Category III quality;
(ii) the extraction of 50,000 m3/d of fresh water from the environment, taking the resource that can be avoided and adding to the burden of the environment, which is experiencing chronic water shortage, particularly during drought years when even the drinking water supply in the city is endangered; and
(iii) the increase in operating costs of Yanji CHP if cooling water uses fresh water instead of the recycled wastewater effluent from the Yanji water reuse plant.
B. Site Selection and Treatment Process Alternatives for Yanji Wastewater
Management Subproject 50. Sites located on reserved land within the existing WWTP or outside were considered and compared. Using the reserved land adjacent to the existing secondary treatment plant has apparent advantages―it will rule out acquisition of new land and thus avoid the associated potential environmental and social impacts, comply with the city’s master plan and zoning requirement, make unnecessary the construction of a pipeline from the existing plant to the new plant and eliminate the associated potential environmental and social impacts during construction, and minimize capital and operating costs as some supporting and auxiliary facilities and management and operating duties can be shared between the two plants if they are adjacent to each other. Moreover, there are no sensitive receptors surrounding the existing WWTP including the reserved land. 51. Two alternative water reuse treatment processes (also called tertiary treatment process) have been proposed and compared. One basically involves aerated biological filters followed by high-efficiency fiber filtration, while the second involves the same biological filter followed by V-shaped filtration. Although the second alternative has the advantages of simple equipment and thus simple operation and maintenance, the first alternative is selected mainly because of its high effluent quality particularly on the basis of suspended solids, which is critical in reuse operation; low capital costs; and the smaller land area to be occupied. C. With or Without Yanji Water Supply Subproject
52. Compared with the with-subproject scenario, the without-subproject scenario would result in continued water supply shortage that will gradually worsen with the growing population, economic development, and the standard of living; weakened competitiveness of the city and its attractions for outside investments; impeded further development of the city and its economy as well as further improvement of the standard of living for its citizens; continued leaks in the old and in some cases obsolete water distribution pipes and network resulting in wastage of valuable resources; and reduced drinking water safety, reliability, and sufficiency in general. The with-subproject scenario will have some adverse impacts during the construction phase, but these impacts are temporal and localized and can be minimized if mitigation measures are implemented properly.
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D. Alternative Sites and Water Sources for Yanji Water Supply Subproject
53. Two alternative sites were identified and proposed in the planning stage: one is located east of the city, about 3 km to the city center, and the other is north of the city and 2.5 km to the center. Both sites have an area of 3 hectares (ha) with elevation of 230 to 254 m above the sea. Detailed site evaluation and discussion with the project engineers show that the first site is better than the second in that it has shorter water transmission distance and thus, less environmental and social impacts such as damage to natural vegetation. There are no sensitive receptors within a 200 m radius, and the site is in full compliance with the city’s master plan. Locating at the first site would also service a bigger area than in the second but has a lower land acquisition cost. With nearly all advantages in favor of the first alternative, this site is selected for the project. 54. Yanji has five rivers as well as groundwater that can potentially be used as drinking water source. Each river, including reservoirs built along the rivers, has some advantages and limitations. Evaluation of the sources for this water supply subproject gives the following findings. 55. The Chaoyang River already has five reservoirs, providing water at 100,000 m3/d. Although, based on its annual average flow of 150 million m3, there is still potential for further extraction, its water quality is not as good as that in the Yanji River and the water transmission distance is also very long. If selected as the source of water supply in this subproject, the reservoirs also need expansion and reconstruction, which will entail substantial engineering difficulties.
(i) The Yilan River water quality meets the requirements, but because of its
elevation, extensive lifting to the water plant would be needed, increasing substantially the cost of water supply.
(ii) On the Hailan River, the Helong hydro station is being constructed. Although its water quality meets industrial use standards, its water supply capacity is only 44,000 m3/d.
(iii) The Buerhatong River’s main function is irrigation. As such, in about 50 km upstream and downstream from the city section, there is no suitable location for water extraction. In addition, the river flow often cuts off during the dry season in winter, making the river unsuitable as a year-round reliable source of water supply.
(iv) The groundwater source in the Yanji city area is about 70 million m3, with an extractable amount of approximately 4 million m3 per year. Since 2001, groundwater has already been overextracted to a level of 5.3 million m3 per year. As a result, the groundwater table has dropped to 65 m and further extraction is not feasible.
(v) This leaves the Yanji River, which has an annual flow of 26 million m3, with high water quality and suitable geology and topography for reservoir construction. Because of its location, water transmission distance is also short. With all these considerations, the Yanji River is considered, and selected, as the most appropriate source for water supply in this subproject.
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V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits
56. Water Quality. The Project will significantly contribute to improving to Class II the water quality of Xinlicheng reservoir in Changchun, which especially provides drinking water to some of the city residents; and to reducing the concentration of COD in the Yitong River from 58.5 milligrams per liter (mg/l) to 34.3 mg/l, about 42% reduction, by collecting the wastewater in the Jingyue tourism development zone. The Yanji water reuse plant will reuse 50% of the effluent of WWTP for industry and green spaces, and hence reduce 50% of the effluent being discharged into the Buerhatong River. Total reduction of COD concentration in the water of the river will be 1.56 mg/l. The comprehensive emphasis on wastewater interception will support the same objective, as the collected untreated wastewater will be diverted away from the rivers and reservoir and treated in various WWTPs. Furthermore, improving water quality in the Yitong and Buerhatong rivers will greatly improve water quality in the vast area downstream. 57. Water Pollutant Discharge. By intercepting direct discharges of raw sewage into the Yitong River and Xinlicheng reservoir, the Jingyue WWTP will reduce discharge loads into the reservoir and the river as follows: (i) COD—12,411 tons per year (t/yr), (ii) NH3-N—547 t/yr. In Yanji, 50,000 t/yr of effluent from Yanji WWTP will be further treated by the Yanji water reuse plant and reused by the Yanji CHP for plant and urban green space. Total COD reduction into the Buerhatong River will be 1,825 t/yr, which accounts for 50% of total loads into that river from the existing Yanji WWTP. After completion of the Project, wastewater collection and treatment will be up to 100% in Yanji and up to 80% in Changchun. 58. Water Saving. The Yanji wastewater reuse subproject will reuse 30,000 m3/d of the effluent as cooling water for the CHP and 20,000 m3/d for urban green space watering and various industries in the Yanji Economic Development Zone. It is estimated that the annual water saving of about 18.25 million m3 will help reduce the supply needed in Yanji. 59. Air Quality. Yanji has an existing DHP that services the downtown core. This system services only about 15% of the building space (2 million m2) due to an inadequate heating network. Yanji will construct a new CHP,12 which is expected to be completed by early 2009. The Yanji DHP and the planned CHP will allow complete coverage of the city with a central heating service. However, to fully capture the benefits of this facility, the heating distribution system needs to be upgraded. The proposed ADB project, together with Yanji CHP and DHP, will replace 700 polluting coal-based boilers, resulting in a major improvement in indoor and outdoor air quality in Yanji, and a significant improvement in public health in the city. Reductions of TSP and SO2 are estimated at 12,245 t/yr and 3,887 t/yr, and air quality will improve from Class III to Class II in the heating period. 60. Energy Conservation. In Yanji, the existing secondary heating networks are in poor condition. The water leakage and thus the heat/energy losses from the networks are 3–5 times higher than the standards. Economic loss of water and heat was estimated to be as much as CNY20 million a year. The project will replace with central heating a large number of small stoves currently heating millions of square meters of space. The stoves are inefficient with no 12 The project proposal for the Yanji CHP was approved by the National Development Reform Commission (NDRC) in
1995. In 2003, NDRC confirmed that the 1995 approval was still valid. The EIA report of the Yanji CHP has been prepared and is being evaluated by SEPA. According to the EIA, the plant will be equipped with advanced electrostatic precipitators (ESP), dust removers, and a waste treatment facility. The water reuse and water recycling rate will be up to 98%. The energy efficiency is higher than that of the average for the PRC.
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pollution control compared with industry-scale and high-efficiency furnaces. It is estimated that coal consumption for space heating will be reduced by 40%. 61. Public Health. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports in a recent seminar that despite methodological difficulties and wide variation of epidemiological studies, there is sufficient evidence to support the conclusion that improving water supply and sanitation can have a significant impact on human health. The annual health benefit directly from improved and reliable drinking water and environmental conditions is estimated to be CNY186 million (for more details, see section 5 economic assessment of the consultant’s draft final report13). 62. Employment. The Project is expected to result in the direct creation of a substantial number of full-time jobs over the 5-year construction period plus additional indirect jobs related to materials supply and services. 63. Other potential benefits are (i) a more reliable and stable water supply in Changchun and Yanji, (ii) a more reliable and around-the-clock heating supply in winter in Yanji, (iii) enhanced quality of life and living standards for residents living downstream of the river service areas, and (iv) greater public satisfaction with the urban environment. B. Potential Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Design Phase
64. The following mitigation measures are to be undertaken during the design phase.
(i) All project sites will be carefully selected to avoid or minimize potential adverse impacts on the environment and surrounding communities.
(ii) The facilities will be located and designed to minimize resettlement impacts. (iii) The technical design of the WWTP and water reuse plant will be adequate,
providing for the desired treatment to meet discharge/reuse standards and safety of plant operations.
(iv) The technical design of the water treatment plant will also be adequate, providing for the desired water quality and waste treatment/disposal that meet existing government regulations, and safety of plant operations.
(v) The water treatment plant, WWTP, water reuse plant, pump stations/heat exchange stations, and the leachate treatment facility layouts are designed so that sources of noise and odors will be as far away from nearby residential areas as possible.
(vi) Landfill will be designed according to MOC standards with proper vertical and horizontal high density polythylene liners (protected by geotextile and clay and soil) and drainage control of polluted rainfall runoff to prevent seepage into the groundwater. The leachate treatment facilities will be designed to ensure that the leachate is properly collected, treated, and disposed of.
(vii) The water treatment plant, WWTP, water reuse plant, and leachate treatment facility designs will limit odor emissions and noise to acceptable levels regulated by existing national standards.
(viii) Adequate detailed technical design for gas recovery for the landfill will ensure that the targets for gas collection are met.
13 PPTA consultant, consultant’s draft final report of Jilin Urban Environmental Improvement Project, Jilin, 2007.
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C. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase
65. Construction activities are expected to generate the following impacts that are more or less similar among the subcomponents.
(i) Airborne dust. Excavation, demolition, construction vehicle movement, and material handling could generate airborne dust.
(ii) Odor. Landfill, sludge dewatering, and transportation could increase odors, which affect residents on the riparian areas and residents adjacent to the landfill, pumping stations, WWTP, and water reuse plant.
(iii) Noise. Construction equipment and vehicular movements could increase noise levels, potentially affecting nearby residents and schools.
(iv) Traffic congestion. Pipeline construction along existing roads and increased construction traffic in urban areas could exacerbate traffic congestion.
(v) Wastewater from construction camps and sites. Wastewater (sewage, cleaning water, waste oils from machinery maintenance, surface runoff) could pollute water sources adjacent to the sites. Rainwater runoff from landfill may pollute the adjacent rivers.
(vi) Solid waste from construction camps and sites. Pollution can arise from construction waste, packaging material, soil, sludge, and other wastes from construction activities and workers’ living encampments.
(vii) Soil erosion. Large amounts of soil, sand, and subsoil will be collected and disturbed during construction. When it rains, these earth piles and other disturbed land could erode and cause soil loss with detrimental impacts on water quality.
(viii) Land impact. Construction activities for the Project will occupy considerable land areas. All seven components will require permanent acquisition of 88.9 ha, including 45.5 ha of farmland, and temporary acquisition of 209.7 ha.
(ix) Ecological impacts. In general, no plant and animal species on the national protection lists are found within 300 m from the subproject sites. The adverse impact on endangered and rare species is negligible. The Changchun solid waste treatment site will permanently occupy 142 ha of woodland and bush.
(x) Infectious diseases. Construction near water might increase the number of flies, mosquitoes, and rats/vectors, resulting in the spread of infectious diseases among both workers and residents.
(xi) Resettlement and land acquisition. The Project will require resettling residents in the affected areas as well as acquiring land, either permanently or temporarily.
66. On the basis of the results of the impact assessments and the goals of minimizing adverse impacts in accordance with application standards, regulations, and ADB safeguard policies, the following mitigation measures have been identified for the construction phase.
(i) Sewage and wastewater. Sewage and wastewater from construction camps will be collected and treated in septic tanks before discharge to avoid contaminating the surrounding areas. Where possible, the wastewater will be discharged directly to the municipal sewer. At the construction sites, temporary tanks to control and treat muddy and sandy runoff will be installed.
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(ii) Erosion and runoff. Strict measures to control erosion and runoff at the construction sites will be imposed on contractors through detailed specifications.
(iii) Dust. To avoid dust pollution, the construction sites and materials-handling sites will be regularly sprayed with water, especially sites near sensitive receptors, such as residential and school areas. Construction sites will be enclosed, and covered transportation will be used whenever appropriate.
(iv) Exhaust fumes. Exhaust fumes from vehicles will be minimized, and construction machine will undergo good maintenance to ensure that the exhaust gases are in accordance with specified standards.
(v) Noise. Main measures to reduce noise are as follows: (a) no noisy construction machine will be used at night (22:00–6:00 hours) near residential or other sensitive areas, such as schools, kindergartens, hospitals, etc.; (b) no noisy construction machine will be set up within 50 m from residential houses; (c) construction machine will be maintained and operated properly to minimize noise; and (d) heavy transport vehicles will use proper transportation routes away from residential areas.
(vi) Solid waste. Solid waste will be regularly collected and conveyed by sealed vehicles to facilities assigned by the sanitary department. Construction waste will be promptly removed from the sites, and will be classified into two categories, usable and nonusable. The usable portion will be recycled and the nonusable portion collected and sent to an urban sanitary landfill. Burning of construction waste will be prohibited.
(vii) Excavated soil. Excavated soil will be handled in accordance with local regulations for environmental sanitation management. Usable earth removed will be used in urban parks, or for riverbank reinforcement and road construction, while the silt will be delivered to controlled landfills.
(viii) Land occupation. Temporary land occupation will be planned well in advance to minimize effects of the disturbances, and land will be reinstated to its original condition upon completion of construction. Topsoil will be removed and stockpiled for use during restoration.
(ix) Ecological impacts. Changchun will permanently occupy 146 ha of forest or woodland (secondary woodland, bush, and cash trees), which needs to be approved by the National Forestry Authority prior to construction. In compliance with PRC’s Forestry Law, the implementing agencies (IAs) will undertake compensatory planting of an equivalent or larger area of affected trees. This will be done in coordination with Changchun forestry departments.
(x) Traffic congestion. In conjunction with relevant authorities, traffic flow regulation plans will be prepared before construction begins in the congested, built-up urban areas. Temporary roads will be built and proper transportation routes used. Rush hour traffic will be avoided. Roads will be reinstated as soon as possible.
(xi) Safety. Contractors will be required to implement necessary safety measures to protect the public and workers, including posting of warning signs to alert the public to potential safety hazards around the construction sites. Workers will be examined regularly, and pertinent protective clothing and safety equipment provided. Contractors and construction supervisors will be required to attend environmental and health safety training programs before construction starts, unless they can produce relevant documentation showing that they already have the required competence.
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D. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Phase
67. The following impacts could be relevant to the operation phase:
(i) Overflow at WWTP. To reduce the risk of accidental overflow, the WWTP will have relevant standby equipment. Pumping stations will adopt dual-power supply lines, as well as proper operation and maintenance and process control that include emergency plans.
(ii) Chlorine hazard. The WWTP and water treatment plant would use chlorine for disinfection. The storage facility should be sited, as far as practicable, downwind and farthest from residential areas outside the plant and the administrative buildings and offices inside the plants. Automatic chlorine dosing equipment is preferred over manual dosing. The chlorine storage facility must be equipped with a chlorine gas detector, an alarm system, and an automatic chlorine gas collection system that will collect as well as neutralize the chlorine gas. When the chlorine level in the storage facility reaches a predetermined level, the alarm will go off to alert the workers, and the chlorine gas collection system will be automatically activated to collect and neutralize the chlorine, thus preventing it from leaking into the outside atmosphere.
(iii) Odor. To avoid nuisance odor from the WWTP, Yanji water reuse plant, leachate treatment plant, and pumping stations, the following mitigation measures will be implemented: (a) a buffer belt of trees around the facilities and trees planted inside the facilities area, (b) sludge removed in a timely and proper manner, and (c) odor-mitigating devices properly operated. At the Changchun landfill, a gas capture system with flaring device will be installed.
(iv) Groundwater pollution. Groundwater wells for monitoring will be installed around the landfill site with risk of groundwater pollution.
(v) Drainage/storm water. Water drainage and storm water systems will be cleaned at regular intervals.
(vi) Industrial discharge to sewers. According to PRC requirements, industrial wastewater discharged to municipal sewers must meet discharge standards for municipal wastewater (MOC, CJ3082-1999). However, illegal discharge of industrial wastewater may produce toxic effects on microorganisms and wastewater treatment processes. To prevent damage to the wastewater treatment process, the following mitigation measures will be implemented: (a) the IA and local Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) will monitor water quality in the municipal sewer systems in the WWTP subproject areas at least four times a year; and (b) in case of noncompliance, the WWTP will terminate the illicit discharge either by requesting the violator to voluntarily stop or by disconnecting the discharger’s effluent pipe until compliance is confirmed. Also during its implementation, the Project will actively pursue the policy dialogue on enforcing industrial pretreatment regulations and strengthening the enforcement system. The Project will provide a comprehensive training program on investigating industrial discharge noncompliance and finding the pollution culprits, and on diagnosing and preventing WWTP upsets as a result of potential industrial noncompliance, as part of the EMP troubleshooting training.
(vii) Noise. Noise monitoring will be undertaken at regular intervals. To reduce noise from the WWTP, water treatment plant, water reuse plant, leachate treatment
18
plant, and pump stations, low-noise equipment will be used, mufflers provided for high-noise equipment, and a buffer belt of trees planted around the plants.
(viii) Sludge disposal. Sludge generated by Jinyue WWTP will be 20 t/d or 7,300 t/yr, that from the Yanji water reuse plant will be 6.3 t/d or 2,370 t/yr. To avoid adverse impacts, sludge generated from the Jingye WWTP will be sent to the new landfill that will be completed by 2009. In case the new landfill is not completed in 2009 while the Jinyue WWTP is completed as scheduled, sludge will be temporally sent to the existing Sandao landfill, which will be closed after the new landfill is completed. Sludge from the water reuse plant will be sent to the Yanji landfill in a timely manner and in sealed transport vehicles.
(ix) Pipeline sediments. Sediments collected from pipelines during regular cleaning will be tested and analyzed, then removed for agricultural use, or disposed of in a controlled landfill.
(x) Safety. To protect operators and other workers from occupational hazards associated with working in the water treatment plant, WWTP, water reuse plant, landfill including a leachate treatment plant, pump stations, and in the pipeline network, the owner will provide personal protective clothing and safety equipment such as gas detectors, and install necessary hazard warning signs.
(xi) Farmers’ health. Since some farmlands adjacent to the landfill will be retained, some farmers will farm there once the landfill starts operation according to the current phased implementation plan. During public consultation, the farmers expressed concern over traveling difficulties and bad working environment that may be caused by the adjacent landfill. The farmers must be compensated, or possibilities of converting the farmlands into other uses should be explored to protect farmers’ health.
(xii) Water usage. The Yanji reservoir was designed for flood control and drinking water supply. The average annual water inflow to the reservoir is 26.1 million m3/a and planned water supply to Yanji city for industrial and domestic use is about 18.25 million. As there are no significant water users downstream, the remaining flow will be released as ecological water river flow, sufficient for downstream users. The Shitongmen reservoir is designed as the drinking water source of Changchun city. The amount of water diverted from the Songhuajiang River depends on the water needs of Changchun. Therefore, there is no remaining water for release downstream.
(xiii) The Yanji CHP will comply with PRC regulations and ADB Environmental Policy and Guidelines. The consultation processes, comprising of the three formal rounds of public consultations, are consistent with ADB requirements. The EIA conclusion that the residual impacts are insignificant is reliable. The stack emissions will meet the PRC emission standards of air pollutants for the thermal power plants (GB 13223-2003).
E. Land Acquisition and Resettlement
68. People affected physically and economically by the Project include those (i) affected by the acquisition of land, (ii) affected by the temporary use of land, and (iii) whose sources of income are affected during construction. The seven subcomponents will require (i) permanent acquisition of 88.9 ha (1,333.5 mu) of land, (ii) temporary acquisition of 209.7 ha (3,145.8 mu), and (iii) demolition of 68,195 m2 of houses and buildings. No indigenous people or ethnic minorities will be adversely affected by the Project.
19
69. The total cost for both land acquisition and resettlement is estimated to be CNY720 million in 2007 prices. Resettlement impacts have been identified and resettlement plans (RPs) prepared in accordance with PRC land law and ADB’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement 1995) The RPs provide a socioeconomic profile of affected persons and scope of impacts, and address issues related to compensation entitlement, the legal framework, public consultations, grievance procedures, environmental protection, rehabilitation measures, and budget and implementation milestones. Resettlement requirements have been carefully considered and incorporated into the project design. 70. CMG, YMG, and IAs will implement ADB’s full disclosure policy for resettlement activities, i.e., to (i) distribute the resettlement information booklet to affected persons and enterprises, (ii) distribute the draft and final RPs to local government and village offices, and (iii) post the draft and final RPs on the ADB website before appraisal and upon the approval of the Jilin provincial government (JPG). Each IA will establish a project resettlement office to continue public information activities and respond to any questions or grievances. 71. All affected persons will be compensated and resettled in a timely and adequate manner and in accordance with the RP, so that they will be at least as well-off as they would have been without the Project. To ensure that affected persons have been adequately compensated and rehabilitated, CMG, YMG, and IAs will (i) keep ADB informed of the progress in implementing the RPs through quarterly progress reports until resettlement is completed, and (ii) will prepare resettlement completion reports. The project management office (PMO) and IAs will engage an independent agency for semiannual monitoring and annual evaluation of land acquisition and resettlement until 2 years after land acquisition, resettlement implementation, and completion of resettlement.
VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT
72. Costs. The investment costs are estimated to be CNY2.1 billion for all seven subprojects during the 5-year construction period for the seven local roads. Considering the available data, only the total environmental costs (both capital and recurrent costs) associated with the Project are estimated at CNY65.7 million, which include, among others, the costs of (i) preparing the EIA, (ii) implementing the EMP, (iii) environmental personnel training, and (iv) environmental supervision and monitoring. Environmental costs have been listed as part of the project costs. Of this total, environmental costs for implementing the EMP will be around CNY62 million, mainly for the Changchun solid waste subproject. 73. Benefits. Environmental benefits from the Project include (i) improved sanitation by providing clean water supply, wastewater treatment, and solid waste collection and disposal services in Changchun and Yanji; (ii) providing industrial users with an alternative low-cost supply of water by making possible the reuse of treated wastewater effluent in Yanji; and (iii) reduced environmental costs of air pollutant emissions because of reduced coal consumption in Changchun and Yanji. All these environmental and sanitation improvements lead to improved human health status as morbidity and mortality due to airborne and waterborne diseases are reduced. The health benefit is estimated from empirical studies of the relationship between pollution and percentage of increase of certain health effects (Table 5). The economic benefit of the health effects are estimated by using a combined method that includes estimation of medical costs, economic working day loss, and early death loss. More details about the health benefit estimation are in the economic analysis section of the draft final report (footnote 13).
20
Table 5: Estimated Health Benefits from the Project (CNY million) Subproject Health Benefit Affected
Population Monetary Value of
Health Benefit
Remarks
Changchun No.5 water treatment plant
5.0027% reduction of morbidity due to intestine and stomach infections and 0.0591% reduction of incidence of hepatitis A
1,219,000 104.6
Changchun Jingyue WWTP
4% reduction of morbidity due to intestine and stomach infections and 0.014% reduction of mortality due to liver and esophagus cancers in Changchun Percentages of reduction of mortality due to liver cancer and esophagus cancer are 0.0459% and 0.0161%, respectively
300,000 17.3
Yanji wastewater effluent reuse and sewer network expansion
4% reduction of morbidity due to intestine and stomach infections and 0.0045% reduction of mortality due to liver and esophagus cancers in Yanji Percentages of reduction of mortality due to liver cancer and esophagus cancer are 0.0459% and 0.0161%, respectively
26,300 4.7
Yanji water supply
5.0027% reduction of morbidity due to intestine and stomach infections and 0.0591% reduction of incidence of hepatitis A
119,700 9.0
Two heating network subprojects
Percentages of reduction of pneumonia, bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, asthma range from 3.7% to 4%
420,400 50.0 The health benefits here in fact are contributed by both the two heating subprojects and Yanji CHP and DHP.
Total 2,085,400 185.6 CHP = combined heat and power plant, DHP = district heating plant, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant. Source: Project preparatory technical assistance consultant’s draft final report on the Jilin Urban Environmental Improvement Project. 74. The economic internal rate of return (EIRR) is calculated for each project subcomponent and for the whole Project. The input data and assumptions are reviewed by the project preparatory technical assistance consultants and found appropriate. The EIRR calculation takes into account not only the main benefits from different components but also all project-related costs. This approach yields EIRRs ranging from 15.8% to 55.0%, and 23.4% for the whole Project. If nonquantifiable benefits could be added, the EIRR would increase considerably.
21
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
A. Objectives
75. The objective of establishing an EMP is not only to propose appropriate mitigation measures, but also to recommend the establishment of institutions or mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will seek to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities during preconstruction, construction, and operation so as to prevent, reduce, or eliminate adverse impacts. 76. An EMP includes (i) objectives; (ii) mitigation measures; (iii) implementing organization and responsibilities; (iv) inspection, monitoring, and reporting; and (v) mechanism for feedback and adjustment. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design to make it consistent with the final detailed design. B. Mitigation Measures
77. Mitigation measures are summarized in Table A2.1 of Appendix 2. C. Implementing Organization and Responsibilities
78. The Jilin project management office (JPMO) will be responsible for setting up the environmental management system consisting of inspection, monitoring, reporting, and initiating corrective actions or measures. In the design stage, the JPMO and IAs will pass the EMP14 to DIs (design institutes), which will incorporate mitigation measures into the detailed designs. The EMP will be updated at the end of the detailed design, and finally passed on to selected contractors. To ensure that contractors comply with the EMP’s provisions, the JPMO and IAs will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental items to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposal, (ii) environmental clauses for contract conditions and specifications, and (iii) full EIAs and SEIA for compliance. The JPMO, Changchun municipal PMO (CPMO), and Yanji municipal PMO (YPMO) will each nominate dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialists or establish environmental management units to undertake environmental management activities and ensure effective EMP implementation. Environmental supervision companies (ESC) contracted by the IAs will be responsible for inspection, monitoring, and evaluating the implementation of mitigation measures. 79. Environmental training will be essential for IAs and contractors to implement the EMP. The JPMO will be responsible for organizing training programs, which will cover (i) environmental laws, regulations, and policies; (ii) how to implement mitigation measures; (iii) how to handle environmental conflicts with residents and schools near the facility area; (iv) environmental technologies and procurement; (v) facility maintenance and operation; (vi) environmental monitoring and supervision; and (vii) documentation and reporting. The cost of training is shown in Table A2.5 of Appendix 2.
14 The EMP was developed on the basis of the EIAs and PPTA suggestions. The EMP may be updated during the
detailed design stage.
22
D. Inspection, Monitoring, and Reporting
80. The JPMO will recruit one or more ESCs for conducting internal environmental inspections to ensure that environmental mitigation measures are properly implemented. Inspections or audits will mainly cover construction activities, but will also review the affected environment. The inspections or audit activities will be conducted in general every week during the construction period. Inspections or audit activities and observations will be well-documented, and the contractors and IAs will be informed of the outcomes. 81. The Changchun municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (CEPB) and Yanji municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB) will be responsible for undertaking regular and random external environmental monitoring activities (Table A2.2 of Appendix 2 gives details) before, during, and after construction, as well as in the event of emergencies. 82. Inspection and monitoring reports will be prepared and submitted to CPMO/YPMO and CEPB/YEPB every month and to JPMO and JEPB every half year during construction. The results of the environmental inspection and monitoring activities will be used for assessing the (i) extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) performance or effectiveness of the environmental protection measures or compliance with pertinent rules and regulations, (iii) trends in impacts, (iv) overall effectiveness of the project EMP, and (v) need for taking further mitigation measures. 83. To ensure proper and timely implementation of the EMP and adherence to agreed-upon environmental covenants, the JPMO will submit to ADB semiannual reports on environmental performance based on the monitoring and audits. Moreover, within 3 months after each subproject completion, or no later than 1 year with environmental authority (CEPB/YEPB or JEPB) permission, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports for each subproject completed will be (i) prepared by a qualified environmental monitoring institute in accordance with the PRC regulation on environmental check-and-acceptance of project completion (SEPA, 2001); (ii) reviewed for approval of the official start of individual subproject operation by environmental authorities, and (iii) finally reported to ADB. The environmental acceptance reports of subproject completions will indicate the timing, extent, and effectiveness of completed mitigation and of maintenance, as well as point out needs for further mitigation measures and monitoring during operation. E. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment
84. Based on the inspection and monitoring reports, environmental authorities will decide whether (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or (ii) some improvement is required to environmental management practices. If it is found during inspection that there has been substantial deviation from the EMP or any changes made to any of the subprojects may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or increase the number of affected people, then the JPMO should immediately consult with environmental authorities and ADB and form an EIA team to conduct additional environmental assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EIA reports should be submitted to environmental authorities for review and approval, and then to ADB.
23
VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE
85. Two rounds of public consultations with various groups of stakeholders were conducted. They included (i) meetings attended by representatives of the affected public and other stakeholders concerned, and (ii) an interview survey using questionnaires. 86. The first round of public consultation was conducted through questionnaire by the EIA institutes of the individual subprojects during the EIA stage.15 The 410 stakeholders consulted, were mainly people affected by the Project. The primary objective of the first-round consultation was to disclose information to the public and gather information on potential concerns about the subprojects. A concise project description and a questionnaire in plain language were distributed to the public through handover brochures, newspapers, and the internet. A summary of the main EIA findings, proposed mitigation measures, relevant project information, and the contact telephone lines of organizations responsible for the proposed project to achieve its environmental objectives and sustainability were prepared and distributed to the public. Most of the stakeholders consulted supported the Project, since it aims to improve the environment and provide clean water and heating supply. Several concerns were raised: (i) construction dust and noise impacts; (ii) odor from the Changchun landfill; (iii) pollution of the groundwater that provides drinking water to the villages near the Changchun landfill area; and (iv) land acquisition and resettlement, especially for the Changchun landfill and Yanji water supply subproject. Technical remedies to mitigate such impacts were explained, and the concerns were resolved. The stakeholders also suggested the strengthening of construction management to reduce nuisance to residents, use of quiet equipment during construction, adoption of advanced leachate and odor control technologies for the Changchun landfill subproject. The concerns and suggestions were considered in the final EIA and the EMP. 87. A second round of five meetings, held on 11–12 February 2007 and 21 March 2007, was attended by about 146 participants, including residents adjacent to the subprojects, village or community-based organizations, government officials, the design institutes, and representatives of the people’s congress. The first two meetings were held in a JPMO meeting room in Changchun and the next three 16 at Yanji Hotel in Yanji. The primary objective was to communicate the EIA findings from the individual draft EIA reports and the proposed mitigation measures, and gauge public acceptance. The major opinions and concerns gleaned from the second round of consultations were as follows: (i) most of the people surveyed knew about the proposed project through the media, conferences, public meetings, etc., and were aware of the environmental assessment work and resettlement planning; (ii) most people support the Project and expect social and economic development and improvements in the quality of life as a result of its implementation; the villages in Yanji currently without access to clean water express their strong support to the Yanji water supply subproject; (iii) most of the people surveyed were satisfied with the mitigation measures proposed to address the anticipated adverse environmental impacts; (iv) most of the people think that the water reuse subproject will ease the water shortage in Yanji city; (v) most people also think constructing a central heating system and upgrading the second heating network components will improve air quality in Yanji city, reduce water loss due to leakage (the city suffers an estimated economic loss of CNY20 million annually), and save energy; (vi) the farmers affected by the Changchun landfill express their 15 The first-round public consultation for the Jingyue WWTP was held from 7 to 13 March 2007, Changchun solid
waste subproject on 19 January, Changchun water supply subproject in 2005, Yanji water reuse subproject and Yanji water supply in December 2006, Yanji secondary heat network in 2001, Yanji heat network for Yanji CHP in December 2006.
16 The second-round public meetings for Yanji heating supply network and Yanji second heating network were combined into a meeting.
24
concern that after their houses are relocated, they have to come back to their fields, which will be far from their new houses; they also worry that there may be health risks to work on farmland within 500 m from the landfill; and (vii) farmers affected by the Yanji water supply subproject hope that with permanent or temporary relocation, utilities including the irrigation system should be completed before construction starts so as not to affect their daily life and agricultural activities. 88. After the mitigation measures proposed in the EIAs and EMP were explained, the public expressed satisfaction with the measures. The only remaining issue is health risks associated with work on farmland within 500 m from the landfill. According to PRC regulation,17 only houses within 500 m should be relocated. Compensation to the farmers will be made during the operation period.
IX. CONCLUSIONS
A. Benefits
89. By intercepting raw sewage that is directly discharged into the Yitong River and Xinlicheng reservoir and treating it in Jingyue WWTP, the Jingyue subproject will (i) improve the quality of water from Xinlicheng reservoir from Class III to Class II to meet the environmental requirement for drinking water source; (ii) improve water quality of the SRB downstream by reducing pollution loads of COD (12,411 t/yr) and NH3-N (547 t/yr). 90. The Yanji water reuse subproject and network upgrading subproject will (i) allow full use of the capacity of the existing Yanji WWTP; (ii) reduce by 50% the COD of the effluent discharge into the Buerhatong River and hence significantly improve its water and downstream of the SRB; and (iii) conserve 50,000 m3/d or 18.25 million m3 of fresh water through water reuse, relieving the water supply demand in Yanji city. 91. After completion of the Project, wastewater collection and treatment will be up to 100% in Yanji and up to 80% in Changchun. 92. The proposed network upgrading subprojects will allow full utilization of the existing Yanji DHP and planned CHP, which will increase central heating coverage from 15% to 100%. The proposed ADB subprojects, together with the central heating plants, will be able to replace 700 polluting coal-based boilers, resulting in
(i) a major improvement in indoor air quality and outdoor air quality in Yanji city from Class III to the targeted Class II in winter due to the replacement of heavy polluting small boilers that have no high-efficiency dust removers;
(ii) 40% of energy saving due to replacement of small energy-inefficient boilers by low-energy-intensity boilers; and
(iii) 3–5 times reduction of hot water leakage by upgrading the retrofitted existing heat network, which will save CNY20 million a year.
93. WHO reports in a recent seminar that there is sufficient evidence to support the conclusion that improving water supply and sanitation can have a significant impact on human health. The annual direct health benefit from improved and reliable drinking water and environmental conditions is estimated to be worth CNY189 million.
17 SEPA Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site for Domestic Waste, GB16889-1997.
25
94. The Project has developed an EMP with a detailed training program. The EMP not only proposes appropriate mitigation measures for the whole duration of the project cycle but also emphasizes the establishment of institutions and mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. It also seeks to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities throughout the project cycle. This mechanism is carefully designed to fit into the PRC existing management system, and the experiences of setting up this system in Jilin II would indicate the possibility for replicating it in other PRC domestic or internationally supported project. 95. Other potential benefits of the Project include (i) creation of a substantial number of full-time jobs over the 5-year construction period plus additional indirect jobs, (ii) more reliable and stable water supply in Changchun and Yanji, (iii) more reliable and around-the-clock heating supply in winter in Yanji, (iv) enhanced quality of life and living standards for residents downstream of the river service areas, and (v) greater public satisfaction with the urban environment. B. Risks
96. The main project risk relates to the low level of institutional capacity currently associated with the project cities, particularly the secondary city Yanji. This lack of capacity manifests itself in a number of ways including (i) immature and inexperienced IAs, some of which have never worked with international lending institutions, (ii) multiple IAs even within the same city, (iii) lack of awareness of policy and reform issues, (iv) limited IA awareness of ADB requirements, and (v) low levels of financial management capability. The following measures have been identified to mitigate the project risks: (i) appointment of project implementation and monitoring consultants, including EMCs; (ii) EMP monitoring mitigation arrangements; (iii) EMP environmental management training (details are in Table A2.5 of Appendix 2); (iv) specific assurances from the Government; and (v) project reviews by ADB. 97. Assurances and covenants related to the environmental aspects of the Project are as follows:
(i) The CMG and YMG will ensure that the IAs build, operate, maintain, and monitor the project facilities in strict conformity with (a) all applicable laws and regulations, including national and local regulations and standards for environmental protection, health, labor, and occupational safety; and (b) ADB’s Environment Policy (2002) and the environmental mitigation and monitoring measures detailed in the approved subproject EIAs and EMP.
(ii) The JPMO will ensure that the training program described in the EMP will be provided to local PMOs and IAs properly and on time.
(iii) The municipal government will ensure that the IAs provide monthly monitoring reports to the PMO, which will prepare and submit to ADB semiannual environmental reports, in a format acceptable to ADB, until loan closure.
C. Overall Conclusion
98. In general, the Jilin II Project will strengthen water supply, enhance wastewater and domestic solid waste management and the quality of water resources, and improve urban air quality.
26
99. The Jilin II Project is a part of and key step in ADB’s long commitment as a partner of the PRC Government for Songhua River improvement in the following aspects:
(i) It is the first outcome of ADB TA 4061: Songhua River Water Quality and Pollution Control Management.
(ii) It represents ADB’s continuous effort following Jilin I to support the Songhua River basin management and sustainable development. Lessons learned from Jilin I as regards integration of wastewater treatment, water reuse, and water resource projection are applied and improved under Jilin II.
(iii) As part of the implementation of the priority projects of the Songhua River Basin Pollution Control Plan (SRBPCP) endorsed and approved by SEPA, NDRC, and MOC, the Project will have demonstration effects for future implementation of the SRBPCP.
(iv) The experience, particularly of strengthening the environmental management plan tested in Jilin II, will be useful for ADB in the next SRB pollution control at town and county levels.
100. The experiences in establishing a mechanism for seeking continuous environmental improvement will be also a model for other PRC projects. 101. The overall findings of the SEIA and EIAs are that negative impacts on air, water, and the acoustic environment are expected, especially during construction. In general these impacts will be temporary and localized. The proposed mitigation measures are described in the SEIA. These measures will be developed into a detailed EMP in the design and construction phases. The EMPs will be implemented by IAs, monitored, and supervised by professional environmental management specialists/companies and local environmental monitoring centers, and reported to the JPMO, JEPB, and ADB. 102. Any adverse environmental impacts associated with the Project will be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to an acceptable level if the EMP proposed under the SEIA is effectively implemented, particularly the establishment of the mechanism and institutions for the continuous improvement of environmental mitigation measures.
Appendix 1 27
REFERENCES
A. Documents and Reports
1. Asian Development Bank. 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Manila. 2. Asian Development Bank. 2006. Environmental Considerations in ADB Operations.
Operations Manual, Section F1. Manila. 3. Asian Development Bank. 2002. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank.
Manila. 4. Feasibility study reports of individual subprojects 5. Environmental impact assessment reports for subprojects 6. Information concerning environmental impact assessment of this project B. National Laws, Regulations, and Policy Guidelines
1. Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (26 December 1989) 2. Water Law of PRC (1 October 2002) 3. Land Management Law of PRC (29 August 1998) 4. Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC (29 June 1991) 5. Environmental Impact Assessment Act of PRC (1 September 2003) 6. Water Pollution Prevention Act of PRC (15 May 1996) 7. Solid Waste Pollution Control Act of PRC (30 October 1995) 8. Noise Pollution Control Act of PRC (29 October 1996) 9. Air Pollution Prevention Act of PRC (29 April 2000) 10. Environmental Protection Management Regulations for Construction Projects, issued by
the State Council of PRC (December 1998) 11. Environmental Protection Management Directories for Construction Projects (No. 9,
[1999]), issued by State Environmental Protection Administration 12. Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of
Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the People’s Bank of China (21 June 1993)
13. Regulation on Environmental Check-and-Acceptance of Project Completion (SEPA, 2001)
C. Standards and Technical Guidelines
1. Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration
2. PRC Provision of Public Consultations for Environmental Impact Assessment (SEPA, 2006)
3. Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of PRC (GH3838-2002) 4. Quality Standards for Groundwater of PRC (GB-T 14848-93) 5. Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) 6. Discharge Standards for Municipal Wastewater (CJ3082-1999) Discharge Standards of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-
2002) and its Amendment (2006) 7. Water Quality Standards for Agricultural Irrigation (GB5084-92) 8. Urban Environment Noise Standards (GB3096-93) 9. Integrated Emission Standards of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996)
28 Appendix 1
10. Ambient Air Quality Standards of PRC (GB3095-1996) 11. Emission Standards for Odour Pollutants of PRC (GB14554-93) 12. The Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use of PRC (GB4284-84) 13. Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995) 14. Standards for Environmental Air Quality (GB3095-1996) 15. Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (GB8978-1996) 16. Standards for Construction Noise Limits (GB12523-90) 17. Technical Code for Sanitary Landfill of Municipal Domestic Refuse (CJJ17-2004) 18. Construction Standard for Urban Sewerage Treatment Facility (GBJ43-82)
Appendix 2 29
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
A. Objectives
1. The objective of establishing an environmental management plan (EMP) is not only to propose appropriate mitigation measures, but also to recommend the establishment of institutions or mechanisms to monitor and ensure compliance with environmental regulations and implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Such institutions and mechanisms will seek to ensure continuously improving environmental protection activities during project preparation, construction, and operation so as to prevent, reduce, or eliminate adverse impacts.
2. An EMP includes (i) objectives, (ii) summary of potential impacts, (iii) mitigation measures, (iv) environmental monitoring, (v) planned public consultation, (vi) responsibilities and implementing authorities, (vii) institutional strengthening and training, (viii) reporting and supervision, (ix) work plan, (x) procurement and cost estimation, and (xi) mechanism for feedback and adjustment. The EMP will be reviewed and updated at the end of the detailed design phase to make it consistent with the final detailed design.
B. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
3. Potential impacts of the Project during the construction and operation phases, as identified by the individual environmental impact assessments (EIAs), as well as corresponding mitigation measures designed to minimize the impacts are summarized in Table A2.1. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into the tender documents (where appropriate), construction contracts, and operational management plans, and will be implemented by contractors and implementing agencies (IAs) under the supervision of the Jilin provincial project management office (JPMO), Changchun municipal project management office (CPMO), Yanji municipal project management office (YPMO), Changchun Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (CEPB), and Yanji Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB). The effectiveness of the measures will be evaluated on the basis of the results of environmental monitoring to determine whether they should be continued or improvements should be made. Improvements need to be confirmed through stipulated environmental management procedures.
4. Resettlement plans (RPs) were prepared to ensure proper resettlement of the affected persons to avoid deterioration of the quality of life. Details of required actions are given in the RPs for the individual subprojects.
30 Appendix 2
Tabl
e A
2.1:
Sum
mar
y of
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s an
d M
itiga
tion
Mea
sure
s
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
1. P
reco
nstr
uctio
n 1.
1 E
IAs
and
feas
ibili
ty
stud
y st
age
Site
/alig
nmen
t se
lect
ions
Th
e re
com
men
ded
site
s/pi
pelin
e ro
utes
for
the
indi
vidu
al s
ubpr
ojec
ts
wer
e se
lect
ed fr
om
vario
us a
ltern
ativ
es s
o as
to
min
imiz
e ad
vers
e im
pact
s on
the
envi
ronm
ent.
DIs
and
EIA
in
stitu
tes,
IAs
CP
MO
, Y
PM
O,
JPM
O,
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
2 2
4 2
4 2
2 18
Tr
eatm
ent
tech
nolo
gy
sele
ctio
ns
CSW
: Thr
ee a
ltern
ativ
es
(com
post
ing,
land
fill,
and
inci
nera
tion)
wer
e ev
alua
ted
on th
e ba
sis
of
was
te c
hara
cter
istic
s,
cost
, and
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s.
CW
WTP
: Thr
ee
alte
rnat
ive
treat
men
t te
chno
logi
es w
ere
eval
uate
d on
the
basi
s of
en
viro
nmen
tal,
econ
omic
, an
d pr
edef
ined
crit
eria
.
DI/E
IA
inst
itute
and
th
e IA
of
CS
W
CP
MO
, JP
MO
, C
EP
B
2
4
6
Pu
blic
co
nsul
tatio
ns
Two
roun
ds o
f pub
lic
cons
ulta
tions
wer
e co
nduc
ted
on
envi
ronm
enta
l iss
ues,
po
verty
, and
rese
ttlem
ent
durin
g th
e pr
ojec
t des
ign
and
EIA
pre
para
tions
.
EIA
inst
itute
s,
IAs
CP
MO
, Y
PM
O,
JPM
O,
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 35
1.2
Des
ign
stag
e U
pdat
ing
EMP
M
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s de
fined
in e
ach
indi
vidu
al
EMP
will
be
upda
ted
and
inco
rpor
ated
into
the
deta
iled
desi
gn to
m
inim
ize
adve
rse
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s.
DIs
, IA
s JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
Appendix 2 31
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
1.3
Bidd
ing
and
cons
truct
ion
prep
arat
ion
Bidd
ing
docu
men
ts a
nd
cont
ract
or’s
qu
alifi
catio
ns
(i)
To e
nsur
e en
viro
nmen
tal c
redi
bilit
y am
ong
cont
ract
ors,
pr
epar
e en
viro
nmen
tal
preq
ualif
icat
ion
clau
ses
and
spec
ifica
tions
to b
e in
clud
ed in
the
preq
ualif
icat
ion
pack
age
to c
ontra
ctor
s.
(ii)
Prep
are
an
envi
ronm
ent s
ectio
n in
th
e te
rms
of re
fere
nce
for b
idde
rs.
(iii)
Prep
are
envi
ronm
enta
l co
ntra
ct c
laus
es fo
r co
ntra
ctor
s, n
amel
y sp
ecia
l con
ditio
ns
(e.g
., re
fere
nce
EM
P
and
mon
itorin
g ta
ble)
. (iv
) Pre
pare
cov
enan
ts fo
r lo
an a
gree
men
t as
defin
ed in
the
EM
P.
Envi
ronm
enta
l con
sulta
nts
or c
ompa
nies
co
ntra
cted
by
IAs
JPM
O,
CP
MO
, Y
PM
O,
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
En
viro
nmen
tal
oper
atio
n an
d su
perv
isio
n m
anua
l
Con
tract
ors
will
pre
pare
an
env
ironm
enta
l op
erat
ion
and
supe
rvis
ion
man
ual,
as re
quire
d by
th
e co
ntra
ct fo
r app
rova
l by
IAs.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
C
ompl
aint
and
in
form
atio
n of
fice
or
appo
inte
d pe
rson
(i)
Est
ablis
h a
com
plai
nt
and
info
rmat
ion
offic
e or
app
oint
a
resp
onsi
ble
pers
on
befo
re s
tarti
ng th
e co
nstru
ctio
n.
(ii)
Ens
ure
that
sta
ff at
the
offic
e is
wel
l-tra
ined
to
hand
le c
onfli
cts
with
re
side
nts
due
to
dist
ress
from
en
viro
nmen
tal
impa
cts.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
YP
MO
, C
PM
O,
JPM
O
30
15
15
15
15
15
15
120
32 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
En
viro
nmen
tal
prot
ectio
n tra
inin
g
Env
ironm
enta
l spe
cial
ists
an
d/or
offi
cial
s fro
m J
EP
B
or/a
nd S
EBP
will
be
invi
ted
to tr
ain
rele
vant
pe
rson
s on
how
to
impl
emen
t and
sup
ervi
se
envi
ronm
enta
l miti
gatio
n m
easu
res.
YP
MO
, C
PM
O,
JPM
O
JPLG
In
clud
ed in
the
envi
ronm
enta
l tra
inin
g pr
ogra
m (s
ee T
able
A2.
5)
R
esum
ptio
n of
la
nd a
nd
prop
erty
(i)
Est
ablis
h a
rese
ttlem
ent o
ffice
co
mpr
isin
g lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent o
ffici
als
to
man
age
the
rese
ttlem
ent p
roce
ss.
(ii)
Con
duct
com
mun
ity
cons
ulta
tion
prog
ram
s an
d en
sure
info
rmat
ion
abou
t ent
itlem
ent
base
d on
the
Land
A
dmin
istra
tion
Law
is
diss
emin
ated
. (ii
i) E
nsur
e th
at a
ll re
loca
tion
and
rese
ttlem
ent a
ctiv
ities
ar
e re
ason
ably
co
mpl
eted
bef
ore
cons
truct
ion
star
ts o
n an
y su
bpro
ject
.
IAs
YP
MO
, C
PM
O,
JPM
O
Incl
uded
in th
e in
divi
dual
rese
ttlem
ent p
lans
2. C
onst
ruct
ion
Phas
e 2.
1 W
ater
W
aste
wat
er
from
co
nstru
ctio
n ca
mps
Sew
age
and
othe
r w
aste
wat
er fr
om
cons
truct
ion
cam
ps w
ill b
e co
llect
ed a
nd tr
eate
d in
se
ptic
tank
s be
fore
they
ar
e di
scha
rged
, to
avoi
d co
ntam
inat
ing
the
surro
undi
ng a
reas
.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
350
Appendix 2 33
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Sp
ill of
ha
zard
ous
and
harm
ful
cons
truct
ion
mat
eria
ls
A c
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls
hand
ling
prot
ocol
(e.g
., st
orag
e aw
ay fr
om
wat
erco
urse
s an
d pr
ovid
ing
rete
ntio
n ar
eas
to c
onta
in a
ccid
enta
l spi
lls
of s
uch
toxi
c, h
azar
dous
, an
d ha
rmfu
l con
stru
ctio
n m
ater
ials
as
caus
tic a
nd
acid
ic s
ubst
ance
s, o
il an
d pe
trole
um p
rodu
cts,
and
as
phal
t mat
eria
ls) w
ill b
e pr
epar
ed a
nd a
pplie
d to
pr
even
t soi
l and
sur
face
w
ater
/gro
undw
ater
po
llutio
n.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 35
2.2
Air
Gen
erat
ion
of
dust
(i)
V
ehic
les
deliv
erin
g gr
anul
ar a
nd/o
r fin
e m
ater
ials
to th
e si
tes
mus
t be
cove
red.
(ii
) M
ater
ials
sto
rage
site
s m
ust b
e 30
0 m
aw
ay
from
resi
dent
ial a
reas
an
d co
vere
d w
ith
canv
as o
r spr
ayed
with
w
ater
. (ii
i) W
ater
will
be
spra
yed
on c
onst
ruct
ion
site
s,
and
acce
ss ro
ads
twic
e a
day.
(iv
) All
road
s an
d pa
vem
ents
use
d by
ve
hicl
es o
f the
co
ntra
ctor
s or
any
su
bcon
tract
ors
or
supp
lier w
ill b
e ke
pt
clea
n an
d cl
ear o
f all
dust
, mud
, or
extra
neou
s m
ater
ials
dr
oppe
d by
thei
r co
nstru
ctio
n ve
hicl
es.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
420
34 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Suc
h cl
eani
ng m
ust b
e co
mpl
eted
on
a re
gula
r ba
sis.
E
mis
sion
s fro
m
vehi
cles
and
eq
uipm
ent
(i)
Veh
icle
em
issi
ons
mus
t be
in c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith P
RC
-GB
1835
2-20
05, G
B176
91-2
005,
G
B 1
1340
-200
5,
GB3
847-
2005
, and
G
B18
285-
2005
. (ii
) E
quip
men
t and
m
achi
nery
em
issi
ons
mus
t be
in c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith P
RC
-GB
1629
7-19
96.
(iii)
A re
gula
r ins
pect
ion
and
certi
ficat
ion
syst
em m
ust b
e in
itiat
ed.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 35
2.3
Noi
se
Noi
se fr
om
vehi
cles
, pla
nt,
and
equi
pmen
t
(i)
Noi
se le
vels
from
eq
uipm
ent a
nd
mac
hine
ry m
ust s
trict
ly
conf
orm
to P
RC
-GB
12
523-
90.
(ii)
Pro
vide
larg
e tru
cks
with
a ro
ute
that
will
ke
ep th
em a
way
from
re
side
ntia
l are
as
(iii)
At c
onst
ruct
ion
site
s w
ithin
500
m o
f the
ne
ares
t hab
itatio
n,
nois
y co
nstru
ctio
n w
ork
will
be
stop
ped
betw
een
2200
and
06
00 h
ours
.
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
2.4
Solid
w
aste
s D
omes
tic w
aste
fro
m w
orke
rs’
cam
ps
(i)
Mul
ticom
partm
ent
colle
ctio
n bi
ns w
ill b
e pr
ovid
ed to
faci
litat
e th
e re
use,
recy
clin
g,
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
Appendix 2 35
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
and
com
post
ing
of
solid
was
te.
(ii)
Was
tes
will
be
stor
ed
away
from
wat
er
bodi
es a
nd w
ill b
e re
gula
rly h
aule
d to
a
suita
ble
land
fill o
r de
sign
ated
dum
ping
si
te.
(iii)
App
ropr
iate
was
te
stor
age
cont
aine
rs w
ill
be p
rovi
ded
by th
e co
ntra
ctor
s.
(iv) A
gree
men
ts w
ill b
e si
gned
with
loca
ls fo
r w
aste
dis
posa
l, w
here
ap
prop
riate
, thr
ough
lo
cal f
acili
ties.
The
se
arra
ngem
ents
are
to
be m
ade
befo
re a
ny
wor
k st
arts
.
YE
PB
2.5
Soil
eros
ion
and
ecol
ogy
(i)
S
trip
and
stoc
kpile
to
psoi
l, bu
ild re
tain
ing
wal
ls w
here
nec
essa
ry
befo
re d
umpi
ng.
(ii)
Prov
ide
tem
pora
ry
dete
ntio
n po
nds
or
cont
ainm
ent t
o co
ntro
l si
lt ru
noff.
(ii
i) C
onst
ruct
inte
rcep
ting
ditc
hes
and
chut
es to
pr
even
t out
side
runo
ff fro
m e
nter
ing
disp
osal
si
tes,
and
div
ert r
unof
f fro
m s
ites
to e
xist
ing
drai
nage
sys
tem
or
pond
s.
(iv) P
rese
rve
exis
ting
vege
tatio
n w
here
no
cons
truct
ion
activ
ity is
pl
anne
d or
tem
pora
rily
Con
tract
ors
IAs,
JP
MO
, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
, C
WR
B,
YW
RB
Incl
uded
in c
onst
ruct
ion
cost
30
0 54
0 30
0 30
0
36 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
pres
erve
veg
etat
ion
whe
re a
ctiv
ity is
pl
anne
d fo
r a la
ter
date
. (v
) R
ehab
ilitat
e th
e di
spos
al a
nd b
orro
w
site
s in
to g
rass
land
, w
oodl
and,
or f
arm
land
af
ter c
losi
ng.
Veg
etat
ion
(i)
In c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e P
RC
’s fo
rest
ry la
w, I
As
will
und
erta
ke
com
pens
ator
y pl
antin
g of
an
equi
vale
nt o
r la
rger
are
a of
affe
cted
fo
rest
tree
s.
(ii)
Rev
eget
atio
n w
ill
com
pris
e a
sele
ctio
n of
sp
ecie
s th
at a
re
suita
ble
for t
he a
rea
and
have
the
mos
t ap
prop
riate
attr
ibut
es
to s
urvi
ve a
nd s
erve
th
eir d
esig
nate
d fu
nctio
ns.
(iii)
All d
ispo
sal s
ites
and
borro
w s
ites
will
be
rest
ored
, whe
re
poss
ible
, to
prod
uctiv
e ag
ricul
tura
l lan
d or
gr
ass
and
woo
dlan
d.
(iv) N
ew p
lant
ings
will
be
mai
ntai
ned
durin
g th
e op
erat
ion
perio
d
Con
tract
ors,
IA
s IA
s, J
PM
O,
CP
MO
, Y
PM
O,
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
CW
RB
, Y
WR
B,
JWR
B
Incl
uded
in th
e co
nstru
ctio
n bu
dget
s
2.6
Soc
ial
Res
ettle
men
t A
ll af
fect
ed p
erso
ns w
ill
be c
ompe
nsat
ed a
nd
rese
ttled
in a
tim
ely
and
adeq
uate
man
ner,
in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith th
e re
settl
emen
t pla
ns.
IAs
CP
MO
, Y
PM
O,
JPM
O,
CM
G, Y
MG
Incl
uded
in R
P bu
dget
s
Appendix 2 37
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Tr
affic
jam
or
bloc
k (i)
B
uild
inte
rim ro
ads.
(ii
) S
elec
t tra
nspo
rt ro
utes
to
redu
ce d
istu
rban
ce
to re
gula
r tra
ffic.
(ii
i) D
iver
t tra
ffic
at p
eak
traffi
c ho
urs,
and
re
inst
ate
the
area
to it
s or
igin
al c
ondi
tion
on
com
plet
ion
of
cons
truct
ion.
Con
tract
ors,
IA
s C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, C
hang
chun
an
d Ya
nji
traffi
c au
thor
ities
Incl
uded
in th
e co
nstru
ctio
n bu
dget
s
C
ultu
ral
herit
age
(i)
Cul
tura
l her
itage
va
lues
will
be
pres
erve
d w
here
id
entif
ied.
In
acco
rdan
ce w
ith P
RC
re
gula
tions
, no
pers
on
will
des
troy,
dam
age,
de
face
, con
ceal
, or
othe
rwis
e in
terfe
re
with
a re
lic.
(ii)
If an
impo
rtant
site
is
unea
rthed
, wor
k sh
ould
be
stop
ped
imm
edia
tely
and
the
mat
ter p
rom
ptly
re
ferre
d to
the
coun
ty,
mun
icip
al, p
rovi
ncia
l, or
sta
te a
genc
ies
for
eval
uatio
n an
d de
cisi
on o
n ap
prop
riate
act
ions
.
Con
tract
ors
IA, C
PM
O,
YP
MO
, JP
MO
, lo
cal a
nd/o
r pr
ovin
cial
C
ultu
ral
Her
itage
B
urea
u
/ /
/ /
/ /
/
3. O
pera
tion
Phas
e 3.
1 W
ater
W
aste
wat
er
from
the
man
agem
ent
offic
e
CSW
, CW
WTP
and
YW
R:
Was
tew
ater
from
m
anag
emen
t offi
ce w
ill b
e co
llect
ed in
the
was
te
treat
men
t fac
ilitie
s di
rect
ly.
CW
S a
nd Y
WS
: O
ne s
eptic
tank
or o
ne s
et
of o
n-si
te w
aste
wat
er
Incl
. in
leac
hate
co
ntro
l co
st
350
Incl
. in
the
Cha
ngch
un a
nd
Yan
ji W
WTP
op
erat
ion
cost
s
350
/
/
38 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
treat
men
t dev
ice
for e
ach
subp
roje
ct w
ill b
e in
stal
led
for t
reat
ing
was
tew
ater
fro
m m
anag
emen
t offi
ces
befo
re it
is d
isch
arge
d in
to
the
rece
ivin
g w
ater
bo
dies
.
C
WW
TP, Y
WR
: m
alfu
nctio
ning
(i)
U
se d
ual p
ower
su
pply
. (ii
) Se
t up
oper
atio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce m
anua
ls
and
give
ope
rato
rs
adeq
uate
trai
ning
to
ensu
re p
rope
r op
erat
ion
and
mai
nten
ance
of t
he
faci
litie
s.
(iii)
Set u
p ap
prop
riate
co
mm
unic
atio
n pr
otoc
ols,
bot
h in
tern
ally
and
ex
tern
ally
to Y
EP
B
and
heal
th a
utho
ritie
s,
efflu
ent r
euse
use
rs,
and
othe
r age
ncie
s as
de
term
ined
to b
e su
itabl
e.
IA o
f YW
R
CE
PB
, JE
PB
/
/ In
cl.
in
cons
truct
ion
cost
/ /
C
SW
: W
ater
pol
lutio
n du
e to
leac
hate
an
d ru
noff
(i)
A b
otto
m li
ner s
yste
m
incl
udin
g ge
otex
tile,
cl
ay m
embr
ane,
HD
PE
lin
er, a
nd s
and
laye
r w
ill b
e in
stal
led
to
prev
ent g
roun
dwat
er
pollu
tion.
(ii
) A
leac
hate
col
lect
or
will
be
cons
truct
ed, t
he
colle
cted
leac
hate
will
be
trea
ted
in th
e on
-si
te tr
eatm
ent f
acilit
y,
and
efflu
ent w
ill b
e
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
59,0
00
/ /
/ /
/ 59
,000
Appendix 2 39
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
reus
ed fo
r spr
ayin
g th
e la
ndfil
l with
wat
er.
(iii)
A re
tent
ion
pond
will
be
con
stru
cted
to
reta
in le
acha
te in
cas
e
the
leac
hate
trea
tmen
t fa
cilit
y m
alfu
nctio
ns.
Inte
rcep
ting
ditc
hes
and
chut
es w
ill b
e co
nstru
cted
to p
reve
nt
outs
ide
runo
ff fro
m
ente
ring
the
land
fill
site
, and
to d
iver
t ru
noff
to th
e ex
istin
g dr
aina
ge s
yste
m.
(iv) A
t clo
sure
sta
ge, t
he
site
will
be
cove
red
with
geo
text
ile, H
DP
E,
and
soil
with
ve
geta
tion.
(v
) A
fter c
losu
re, s
torm
w
ater
runo
ff w
ill b
e ro
uted
from
the
final
co
ver t
o pe
rimet
er
ditc
hes
and
pipe
s.
(vi)
Mon
itorin
g w
ells
will
be
inst
alle
d ar
ound
the
land
fill s
ite to
enh
ance
re
quire
d m
onito
ring
activ
ities
.
C
WW
TP:
Illeg
al in
dust
rial
disc
harg
es
(i)
Dev
elop
indu
stria
l po
llutio
n co
ntro
l and
m
anag
emen
t pla
ns;
requ
ire a
dequ
ate
treat
men
t of i
ndus
trial
w
aste
s be
fore
they
are
di
scha
rged
into
the
sew
er s
yste
m.
(ii)
Set
up
an e
ffici
ent
indu
stria
l was
tew
ater
IAs,
CE
PB
C
EP
B
/ /
Incl
uded
in
CE
PB
bu
dget
/ /
/ /
40 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
mon
itorin
g sy
stem
and
st
rictly
enf
orce
rule
s on
ille
gal i
ndus
trial
di
scha
rges
. (ii
i) Se
lect
an
adeq
uate
pr
oces
s co
ntro
l for
W
WTP
s
C
WW
TP:
Effl
uent
impa
ct
on w
ater
- re
ceiv
ing
bodi
es
(i)
A p
roje
ct
envi
ronm
enta
l ac
cept
ance
aud
it by
a
licen
sed
cons
ulta
nt
com
pany
will
be
cond
ucte
d be
fore
the
form
al o
pera
tions
to
ensu
re th
e ef
fluen
ts
mee
t Cla
ss A
of P
RC
W
WTP
dis
char
ge
stan
dard
s (G
B18
918-
2002
, SE
PA
, 200
2).
(ii)
An
efflu
ent m
onito
ring
prog
ram
will
be
set u
p an
d ca
rried
out
.
Lice
nsed
en
viro
nmen
tal
cons
ulta
nt
com
pani
es
cont
ract
ed b
y IA
s, IA
s
CE
PB
/
/ 30
0 /
/ /
/
3.2
Air
Odo
r C
WW
TP a
nd Y
WR
: (i)
P
rovi
de b
uffe
r zon
e an
d ve
geta
tion
arou
nd th
e YW
R.
(ii)
Encl
ose
pote
ntia
l od
or s
ourc
es s
uch
as th
e sl
udge
de
wat
erin
g ar
ea.
(iii)
Avo
id s
tora
ge o
f de
wat
ered
slu
dge
in
YW
R.
(iv)
Ens
ure
encl
osed
tra
nspo
rtatio
n an
d ha
ul to
land
fill f
or
final
dis
posa
l. (v
) E
nsur
e ad
equa
te
YW
R la
yout
to
min
imiz
e od
or
IAs
of Y
WR
YE
PB
Incl
. in
co
ns-
truct
ion
co
st
/ In
cl in
co
nstru
ctio
n co
st
/ /
Appendix 2 41
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
reac
hing
pot
entia
l re
cept
ors.
C
SW
: (i)
S
et u
p a
buffe
r zon
e w
ithin
500
m fr
om
the
land
fill s
ite.
(ii)
Pla
nt tr
ees
arou
nd
the
site
s.
(iii)
Lim
it th
e si
ze o
f the
w
orki
ng fa
ce, t
o re
duce
the
amou
nt o
f ex
pose
d w
aste
. (iv
) U
se d
aily
and
in
term
edia
te c
over
, pl
ace
cove
r mat
eria
ls
on a
con
tinua
l bas
is,
and
ensu
re th
at a
ll w
aste
is c
over
ed a
t th
e en
d of
eac
h da
y.
(v)
Imm
edia
tely
cov
er
pung
ent w
aste
s an
d th
ose
was
tes
with
th
e po
tent
ial f
or
prod
ucin
g st
rong
od
ors.
IA o
f CS
W
CE
PB
C
WS
, CS
W,
CW
WTP
, YW
S:
Em
issi
on fr
om
the
heat
ing
boile
rs
Dus
t rem
over
s w
ill b
e in
stal
led
for h
eatin
g bo
ilers
so
that
em
issi
ons
mee
t the
Cla
ss II
E
mis
sion
Sta
ndar
d fo
r Air
Pol
luta
nts
for C
oal-
Bur
ning
, Oil-
Bur
ning
and
G
as-F
ired
Boi
ler i
n ph
ase
II (G
B13
271-
2001
, SE
PA
, 20
02).
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
100
100
100
100
/ /
/ 40
0
C
SW
: M
etha
ne
emis
sion
and
fir
e ris
k
(i)
A m
etha
ne g
as
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
will
be
inst
alle
d fo
r re
leas
ing
gas
into
the
air.
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
3,00
0 /
/
/ /
/ 3,
000
42 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
(ii)
Two
biog
as p
ower
ge
nera
tion
devi
ces
will
be
inst
alle
d in
the
mid
dle
and
long
term
to
reus
e m
etha
ne
gene
rate
d fro
m
was
tes.
3.3
Noi
se
Noi
se fr
om th
e pu
mp
and
equi
pmen
t op
erat
ion
(i)
Sel
ect l
ow-n
oise
eq
uipm
ent a
nd
vehi
cles
. (ii
) In
stal
l hig
h-no
ise
equi
pmen
t ind
oors
. (ii
i) C
onst
ruct
pum
ping
st
atio
ns in
sem
i-bu
ried
stru
ctur
es.
(iv)
Pla
nt tr
ees
arou
nd
CW
S, C
SW
, YW
S,
YWR
, and
pum
p st
atio
ns o
f YH
S,
YS
HN
. (v
) E
nsur
e ad
equa
te
faci
lity
layo
uts
to
min
imiz
e no
ise
impa
ct o
n po
tent
ial
rece
ptor
s.
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
Incl
uded
in d
esig
n an
d co
nstru
ctio
n bu
dget
s
3.4
Solid
w
aste
s C
WS
, CS
W,
CW
WTP
, YW
R:
Slud
ge
CW
S:
(i)
Che
mic
al te
sts
will
be
carri
ed o
ut to
de
term
ine
whe
ther
the
qual
ity o
f slu
dge
com
plie
s w
ith p
ollu
tant
lim
its fo
r slu
dge
used
as
agr
icul
tura
l fe
rtiliz
ers
spec
ified
in
Dis
char
ge S
tand
ards
fo
r Urb
an W
aste
W
ater
Tre
atm
ent
(GB
1891
8-20
02,
SE
PA
).
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
50
300
300
300
50
/ /
1,00
0 (b
udge
ts
for Y
WS
&
CW
S
incl
udes
pr
ocur
e-m
ent o
f ve
hicl
e fo
r sl
udge
tra
nspo
rt-ta
tion)
Appendix 2 43
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
(ii)
Use
slu
dge
as
agric
ultu
ral f
ertil
izer
if
it m
eets
the
stan
dard
s,
or s
ent t
o th
e la
ndfil
l if
it do
es n
ot.
(iii)
Prov
ide
timel
y ha
ulin
g to
des
igna
ted
land
fill i
n en
clos
ed v
ehic
les,
or
to a
gric
ultu
ral l
and
if th
e sl
udge
mee
ts P
RC
st
anda
rds
for
agric
ultu
ral u
se.
CW
WTP
: Sl
udge
will
be
sent
to th
e ex
istin
g B
eijia
o W
WTP
(C
hang
chun
) for
co
mpo
stin
g.
YW
R:
Slud
ge w
ill b
e se
nt to
the
Yan
ji la
ndfil
l.
C
SW
: W
aste
col
lect
ion
and
trans
porta
tion
(i)
Cle
an u
p ve
hicl
es a
fter
dum
ping
was
tes.
(ii
) U
se c
lose
d ve
hicl
es o
r pr
otec
tive
cove
rs o
n co
ntai
ners
to p
reve
nt
litte
ring
alon
g co
llect
ion
rout
es a
nd
trans
porta
tion
rout
es.
(iii)
Des
ign
the
trans
fer
stat
ion
to m
eet M
OC
te
chni
cal s
peci
ficat
ion
to m
inim
ize
odor
and
vi
sual
impa
cts
on
near
by re
side
nts.
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
In o
pera
-tio
n bu
dget
s
/
/ /
/ /
44 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
3.5
Ecol
ogy
Plan
tatio
n im
pact
C
WS
, CW
WTP
, YW
R,
YW
S:
Ens
ure
no le
ss th
an 3
0%
spac
e fo
r la
ndsc
apin
g/ve
geta
tion
with
in th
e si
tes.
C
SW
: A
fter c
losu
re, c
over
the
site
with
veg
etat
ion.
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
2,00
0 10
0 20
0 10
0 20
0 /
/ 2,
600
C
SW
: C
over
laye
r m
ater
ial
(i)
Use
the
on-s
ite
exca
vate
d m
ater
ial a
s m
uch
as p
ossi
ble.
(ii
) U
tiliz
e m
ater
ials
w
hose
pro
cure
men
t do
es n
ot h
arm
the
envi
ronm
ent.
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
Incl
udin
g op
erat
ion
cost
/ /
/ /
/ /
C
SW
: S
ite c
losu
re
Afte
r clo
sure
, cov
er th
e si
te w
ith v
eget
atio
n.
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
2,00
0 /
/ /
/ /
/ 2,
000
C
SW
: S
mal
l far
mla
nd
near
by
(i)
Pla
ce a
buf
fer z
one.
(ii
) C
arry
out
pro
per
mon
itorin
g re
gard
ing
odor
and
soi
l, et
c.
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
50
/ /
/ /
/ /
50
3.6
Hea
lth
risks
C
SW
:
A la
rge
num
ber
of b
irds
act a
s di
seas
e ve
ctor
s H
ealth
risk
to
wor
kers
H
ealth
thre
at
thro
ugh
its
acce
ssib
ility
to
anim
als
and
scav
enge
rs
(i)
Incr
ease
freq
uenc
y of
w
aste
cov
er-u
p.
(ii)
Pro
vide
pro
per
prot
ectio
n de
vice
s,
educ
atio
n an
d tra
inin
g pr
ogra
m, a
nd h
ealth
ch
ecks
to th
e w
orke
rs.
(iii)
Pla
ce a
fenc
e ar
ound
pr
emis
es, a
nd h
ave
secu
rity
at th
e si
te.
IA o
f the
C
SW
C
EP
B
500
/ /
/ /
/ /
500
3.
7 En
viro
nmen
t-a
l ris
ks
CW
S, C
WW
TP,
YW
S, Y
WR
: C
hlor
ine
gas
disi
nfec
tion
leak
(i)
Inst
all a
larm
dev
ice
and
adso
rptio
n fa
cilit
y.
(ii)
Con
trol s
tora
ge
volu
me.
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B a
nd
loca
l hea
lth
auth
oriti
es
/ In
clud
ed in
the
cons
truct
ion
budg
ets
and
oper
atio
n co
sts
/ /
Appendix 2 45
Bud
get (
CN
Y1,0
00)
Impa
ct
Fact
or/
Stag
e
Pote
ntia
l Im
pact
s an
d/or
Is
sues
Miti
gatio
n M
easu
res
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
CSW
C
WS
CW
WTP
YW
R
YWS
YHS
YSH
N
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
acci
dent
(ii
i) P
rovi
de b
uffe
r zon
e.
(iv) E
quip
per
sonn
el w
ith
prot
ectiv
e ge
ar.
(v)
Dev
elop
em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
pla
ns.
CW
S, C
WW
TP,
YW
S, Y
HS
, Y
SH
N, Y
WR
: Le
akin
g or
bu
rstin
g of
pi
pes
(i)
Prov
ide
adeq
uate
su
perv
isio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t. (ii
) En
hanc
e op
erat
ion
mon
itorin
g.
(iii)
Prov
ide
emer
genc
y re
spon
se p
lans
.
IAs
and
loca
l pu
blic
util
ity
bure
aus/
co
mpa
nies
Loca
l gov
t, C
EP
B,
YE
PB
/ 10
10
10
10
10
10
60
Fa
cilit
y in
cide
nt
(i)
Reg
ular
ly m
aint
ain
envi
ronm
ent f
acilit
ies.
(ii
) Pr
epar
e em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
pla
ns.
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
In
suffi
cien
t en
viro
nmen
tal
man
agem
ent
capa
city
Con
duct
trai
ning
for
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t and
dev
elop
fa
cilit
y an
d st
aff s
etup
IAs
CE
PB
, Y
EP
B
Incl
uded
in th
e tra
inin
g pr
ogra
m
C
EPB
= C
hang
chun
Mun
icip
al E
nviro
nmen
tal
Prot
ectio
n Bu
reau
, C
PM
O =
Cha
ngch
un p
roje
ct m
anag
emen
t of
fice,
CSW
= C
hang
chun
Sol
id W
aste
Pro
ject
, C
WS
= C
hang
chun
No
5 W
ater
Sup
ply
Proj
ect,
CW
WTP
= C
hang
chun
Jin
gyue
Was
te W
ater
Tre
atm
ent
Pla
nt,
DI
= de
sign
ins
titut
e, H
DP
E =
hig
h de
nsity
pol
ythy
lene
, IA
=
impl
emen
ting
agen
cy,
JPLG
= J
ilin P
roje
ct L
eadi
ng G
roup
, JP
MO
= J
ilin p
roje
ct m
anag
emen
t of
fice,
RP
= r
eset
tlem
ent
plan
, Y
EB
P =
Yan
ji M
unic
ipal
Env
ironm
enta
l Pr
otec
tion
Bure
au, Y
HS
= Ya
nji H
eatin
g Su
pply
Net
wor
k U
pgra
ding
Pro
ject
, YP
MO
= Y
anji
proj
ect m
anag
emen
t offi
ce, Y
SH
N =
Yan
ji Se
cond
Hea
ting
Net
wor
k, Y
WR
= Y
anji
wat
er re
use
plan
t, Y
WS
= Y
anji
Wat
er S
uppl
y P
roje
ct.
a, In
dica
tive
cost
and
will
be fi
naliz
ed a
t a la
ter s
tage
. S
ourc
es: P
PTA
con
sulta
nts
base
d on
the
indi
vidu
al e
nviro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
t rep
orts
(IA
s, 2
001–
2007
).
46 Appendix 2
C. Environmental Monitoring and Inspections
5. An environmental monitoring program is presented in Table A2.2. The program considers the scope of monitoring, environmental media, monitoring parameters, time and frequency, and implementing and supervising agencies. Monitoring will follow the methodology provided in the national standard methods for monitoring pollutants. Other associated standards are national environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge/emission standards.
6. Internal Monitoring and Inspection. During construction, IAs with supervision from the JPMO, CPMO, and YPMO will recruit environmental supervision companies that will conduct internal environmental monitoring and inspections to ensure that environmental mitigation measures are properly implemented. Inspections or audits, which will be conducted every week, will mainly cover construction activities, but will also review the affected environment. Inspections or audit activities and observations will be well-documented, and the contractors and IAs will be informed of the outcomes.
7. During operation periods, IA/operators will be responsible for internal monitoring and report to CEPB/YEPB.
8. External Monitoring and Inspection. Local (Changchun and Yanji) environmental monitoring centers (CEMC/YEMC) under CEPB/YEPB will be responsible for undertaking regular and random environmental monitoring and inspection activities before, during, and after construction, as well as in the event of emergencies.
9. Environmental Acceptance Monitoring and Audit of the Completion of Individual Subprojects. Moreover, within 3 months after completion of each subproject, or no later than 1 year with permissions from environmental authorities, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports of the subproject completions will be (i) prepared by a qualified environmental institute in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) regulation on environmental check-and-acceptance of project completion (SEPA, 2001); (ii) reviewed for approval by environmental authorities who had given approval to the same individual EIA, and (iii) finally reported to the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
10. Environmental monitoring, including environmental benefits, will be incorporated in the project performance management system (PPMS) indicators for the Project. The three PMOs (JPMO, CPMO, and YPMO) with assistance from the IAs will be responsible for analyzing and consolidating the data through their management information system. The PPMS will be designed to allow adequate flexibility to adopt remedial actions with regard to project design, schedules, activities, and development impacts. At the beginning of the Project, the PMOs, IAs, and consultants will develop comprehensive PPMS procedures to systematically generate data on inputs and outputs of the project components and agree on environmental and related social economic indicators to be used to measure project impacts. The PMOs and the IAs will refine the PPMS framework, confirm achievable goals, firm up monitoring and recording arrangements, and establish systems and procedures no later than 6 months after loan effectiveness.
11. The monitoring results will be used to evaluate the (i) extent and severity of environmental impacts compared with the predicted impacts, (ii) performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with related rules and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts, and (iv) overall effectiveness of the project EMP. Effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated through a feedback reporting system.
Appendix 2 47
Modification of measures required by the EMP will be performed, if necessary. CEPB/YEPB and the PMOs play critical roles in this feedback and adjustment mechanism (Figure A2.1).
12. Environmental monitoring costs included in Table A2.2 are to be included in the project contracts and counterpart budgets. Before implementing the monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a further detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During implementation, the costs can be adjusted based on actual requirements.
48 Appendix 2
Tabl
e A
2.2:
Env
ironm
enta
l Mon
itorin
g Pr
ogra
m
B
udge
t (C
NY
1,00
0)a
Item
Para
met
ers
Loca
tion
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
Tim
e an
d Fr
eque
ncy
CSW
CW
SC
WW
PTYW
RYW
SYH
SYS
HN
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Con
stru
ctio
n
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
C
ontra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/ Y
PM
O a
nd
JPM
O
One
sam
plin
g ea
ch d
ay e
ach
time,
onc
e a
mon
th
24
24
24
48
120
1.1
Sur
face
w
ater
-C
hang
chun
su
bpro
ject
s
pH,
cond
uctiv
ity,
SS
, NH
3N,
TN, T
P,
BO
D5,
CO
DC
r, oi
ls
Cha
ngch
un s
ubpr
ojec
ts
CS
W:
Min
imum
2 lo
catio
ns:
one
upst
ream
of W
ukai
Riv
er
and
one
dow
nstre
am n
ear
the
land
fill c
onst
ruct
ion
site
C
WS
: M
inim
um 2
loca
tions
for
Yito
ng R
iver
nea
r the
co
nstru
ctio
n si
te o
f CW
S
CW
WTP
: M
inim
um 2
loca
tions
for
Yito
ng R
iver
nea
r the
co
nstru
ctio
n si
te o
f C
WW
TP
Yanj
i sub
proj
ects
: Th
ree
or fo
ur lo
catio
ns fo
r Bu
erha
tong
bef
ore,
afte
r, an
d al
ong
the
sect
ion
of
Yanj
i City
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CEP
B/YE
PB
One
sam
plin
g ea
ch d
ay e
ach
time,
onc
e a
mon
th
24
24
24
48
120
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/ YP
MO
and
JP
MO
Two
sam
plin
gs 1
da
y at
eac
h lo
catio
n ea
ch
time,
twic
e a
year
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
70
1.2
Air
TSP,
PM
10
Two
mon
itorin
g lo
catio
ns
for e
ach
cons
truct
ion
site
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
MEC
/YEM
C
CEP
B/YE
PB
Two
sam
plin
gs 1
da
y at
eac
h lo
catio
n ea
ch
time,
onc
e a
year
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 35
Appendix 2 49
Bud
get (
CN
Y 1,
000)
a Ite
m
Para
met
ers
Loca
tion
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
Tim
e an
d Fr
eque
ncy
CSW
CW
SC
WW
PTYW
RYW
SYH
SYS
HN
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/ YP
MO
and
JP
MO
Ran
dom
, but
at
leas
t onc
e m
onth
ly,1
day
ea
ch ti
me
and
two
sam
ples
eac
h da
y: o
nce
durin
g da
ytim
e, o
nce
durin
g ni
ght t
ime
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
168
1.3
Noi
se
Leq
(dB[
A))
Two
or th
ree
resi
denc
es
near
the
cons
truct
ion
site
s
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/YE
PB
R
ando
m, b
ut a
t le
ast f
our t
imes
a
year
, a d
ay e
ach
time
and
two
sam
ples
eac
h da
y: o
nce
durin
g da
ytim
e, o
nce
durin
g ni
ght t
ime
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 56
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/YP
MO
, and
JP
MO
Spot
che
ck, f
our
times
a y
ear
8 8
8 8
8 8
8 56
1.
4 S
oil a
nd
vege
tatio
n In
spec
t ve
geta
tion
surv
ival
and
co
vera
ge
rate
. S
ite s
urve
y
All t
he s
ites
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/YE
PB
S
pot c
heck
, onc
e a
year
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 14
2. E
nviro
nmen
tal C
heck
-and
-Acc
epta
nce
of P
roje
ct C
ompl
etio
n (n
orm
ally
3 m
onth
s af
ter
proj
ect c
ompl
etio
n ac
cord
ing
to P
RC
regu
latio
n)
2.
1 S
urfa
ce
wat
er q
ualit
y
pH,
cond
uctiv
ity,
SS
, NH
3N,
TN, T
P,
BO
D5,
CO
DC
r , o
ils
Cha
ngch
un s
ubpr
ojec
ts
CS
W:
Min
imum
2 lo
catio
ns: o
ne
upst
ream
of W
ukai
Riv
er
and
one
dow
nstre
am n
ear
CS
W s
ite
CW
S:
Min
imum
2 lo
catio
ns fo
r Yi
tong
Riv
er n
ear t
he
CW
S s
ite
Lice
nsed
En
viro
nmen
t-al
Inst
itute
s
The
sam
e en
viro
nmen
t au
thor
ities
w
ho
appr
oved
in
divi
dual
E
IA
Onl
y on
ce fo
r the
w
hole
aud
iting
pe
riod.
O
ne s
ampl
ing
each
day
for 3
co
nsec
utiv
e da
ys
at e
ach
loca
tion
durin
g th
e au
dit.
4 4
4 4
16
50 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y 1,
000)
a Ite
m
Para
met
ers
Loca
tion
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
Tim
e an
d Fr
eque
ncy
CSW
CW
SC
WW
PTYW
RYW
SYH
SYS
HN
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
CW
WTP
: M
inim
um tw
o lo
catio
ns fo
r Yi
tong
Riv
er n
ear t
he
CW
WTP
site
Ya
nji s
ubpr
ojec
ts
Thre
e or
four
loca
tions
for
Buer
hato
ng b
efor
e,
afte
r ,an
d al
ong
the
sect
ion
of Y
anji
city
2.2
Air
CW
S, Y
WS
: P
M10
, TS
P,
SO
2 fro
m th
e he
atin
g bo
ilers
: C
SW
, C
WW
TP,
YW
R: P
M10
, TS
P, S
O2,
NH
3, H
2S,
odor
Two
loca
tions
at e
ach
site
Li
cens
ed
envi
ronm
ent-
al in
stitu
tes
The
sam
e en
viro
nmen
t au
thor
ities
w
ho
appr
oved
in
divi
dual
E
IA
Onl
y on
ce fo
r the
tw
o sa
mpl
ings
1
day
at o
ne
loca
tion
Onl
y on
ce fo
r the
w
hole
aud
iting
pe
riod
20
10
15
15
10
/ /
70
2.3
Noi
se
Leq
(dB(
A))
CSW
, CW
S, C
WW
TP,
YW
S, Y
WR
: M
inim
um 4
loca
tions
for
each
site
aro
und
boun
dary
an
d se
nsiti
ve re
cept
ors
CW
S, C
WW
TP, Y
WR
, Y
HS
, YS
HN
, YW
S:
Pum
p st
atio
ns: m
inim
um 2
lo
catio
ns fo
r eac
h pu
mp
stat
ion
Lice
nsed
en
viro
nmen
t-al
inst
itute
s
The
sam
e en
viro
nmen
t au
thor
ities
w
ho
appr
oved
in
divi
dual
E
IA
Two
sam
plin
gs 1
da
y at
eac
h lo
catio
n O
nly
once
for t
he
who
le a
uditi
ng
perio
d
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 35
2.4
Slu
dge
Wat
er
cont
ent,
Zn,
Cr,
Cd,
Pb,
C
u, H
g
CW
S, C
SW
, CW
WTP
, Y
WR
, YW
S
Lice
nsed
en
viro
nmen
t-al
inst
itute
s
The
sam
e en
viro
nmen
t au
thor
ities
w
ho
Two
spot
sa
mpl
ings
in 1
da
y O
nly
once
for t
he
25
25
25
25
25
/ /
125
Appendix 2 51
Bud
get (
CN
Y 1,
000)
a Ite
m
Para
met
ers
Loca
tion
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
Tim
e an
d Fr
eque
ncy
CSW
CW
SC
WW
PTYW
RYW
SYH
SYS
HN
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
appr
oved
in
divi
dual
E
IA
who
le a
uditi
ng
perio
d
2.5
Effl
uent
s C
OD
Cr,
BO
D5,
SS
, N
H3-
N, P
O3-
, oi
l, fe
cal
colif
orm
CW
S, C
SW
, CW
WTP
, YW
S, Y
WR
: Effl
uent
s Li
cens
ed
envi
ronm
ent-
al in
stitu
tes
The
sam
e en
viro
nmen
t au
thor
ities
w
ho
appr
oved
in
divi
dual
E
IA
1 da
y at
eac
h lo
catio
n O
nly
once
for t
he
who
le a
uditi
ng
perio
d
5 5
5 5
5 /
/ 25
2.6
Soi
l and
ve
geta
tion
Insp
ect
vege
tatio
n su
rviv
al a
nd
cove
rage
ra
te.
Site
sur
vey.
All
site
s Li
cens
ed
envi
ronm
ent-
al in
stitu
tes
The
sam
e en
viro
nmen
t au
thor
ities
w
ho
appr
oved
in
divi
dual
E
IA
Spot
che
ck
Onc
e fo
r the
w
hole
aud
iting
pe
riod
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 35
3. O
pera
tion
In
tern
al
mon
itorin
g:
oper
ator
s, IA
CP
MO
/ Y
PM
O
1 da
y fo
r eac
h tim
e O
nce
mon
thly
an
d
24
24
24
24
24
/ /
120
3.1
Sur
face
w
ater
pH,
cond
uctiv
ity,
SS
, NH
3N,
TN, T
P,
BO
D5,
CO
DC
r, o
ils
Dow
nstre
am o
f Yito
ng
Riv
er w
hich
rece
ives
ef
fluen
t of C
WW
TP a
nd
efflu
ent o
f was
tew
ater
fa
cilit
y fo
r sta
ff at
CW
S,
and
Yanj
i Riv
er w
hich
re
ceiv
es e
fflue
nt o
f was
te-
wat
er fa
cilit
y fo
r sta
ff at
Y
WS
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/YE
PB
1
day
for e
ach
time,
four
tim
es a
ye
ar
8 8
8 8
8 /
/ 40
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
O
pera
tors
, IA
s
CP
MO
/ Y
PM
O
Onc
e da
ily,
and/
or re
al ti
me
mon
itorin
g
20
20
20
/ 20
/
/ 80
3.
2 W
aste
- w
ater
from
st
aff a
nd
leac
hate
fro
m
Cha
ngch
un
land
fill
CO
DC
r, B
OD
5, S
S,
NH
3-N
, PO
3-,
oil,
feca
l co
lifor
m
CW
S, C
SW
, CW
WTP
, YW
S: E
fflue
nts
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/YE
PB
1
day
for e
ach
time,
twic
e a
year
4
4 4
/ 4
/ /
16
52 Appendix 2
Bud
get (
CN
Y 1,
000)
a Ite
m
Para
met
ers
Loca
tion
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
Tim
e an
d Fr
eque
ncy
CSW
CW
SC
WW
PTYW
RYW
SYH
SYS
HN
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/ YP
MO
and
JP
MO
Twic
e a
year
. O
dor w
ill b
e m
onito
red
only
du
ring
the
first
2
year
s af
ter
com
plet
ion
of th
e pr
ojec
t. Tw
o sa
mpl
ings
1
day
at o
ne
loca
tion
10
8 8
10
/ /
36
3.
3 A
ir C
WS,
YW
S:
PM
10, T
SP
, S
O2,
NO
2 C
SW
, YW
R,
CW
WTP
: P
M10
, TS
P,
SO
2, N
O2,
N
H3,
H2S
, od
or
Two
loca
tions
for e
ach
site
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/YE
PB
O
nce
a ye
ar.
Odo
r will
be
mon
itore
d on
ly in
fir
st 2
yea
rs a
fter
com
plet
ion
of th
e pr
ojec
t. Tw
o sa
mpl
ings
1
day
at o
ne
loca
tion
5 4
5 5
4 /
/ 23
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/ YP
MO
and
JP
MO
Eve
ry s
econ
d m
onth
. Tw
o sa
mpl
es e
ach
time,
one
sam
ple
durin
g da
ytim
e,
one
at n
ight
eac
h tim
e
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
84
3.4
Noi
se
Leq
(dB(
A))
CSW
, CW
S, C
WW
TP,
YW
R: m
inim
um 4
lo
catio
ns fo
r eac
h si
te
arou
nd b
ound
ary
and
sens
itive
rece
ptor
s C
WS
, CW
WTP
, YW
R,
YH
S, Y
SH
N, Y
WS
: Pum
p st
atio
ns: m
inim
um 2
lo
catio
ns fo
r eac
h pu
mp
stat
ion
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/YE
PB
Tw
ice
a ye
ar, a
nd
once
dur
ing
dayt
ime,
onc
e at
ni
ght e
ach
time
6 6
6 6
6 6
6 42
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
CP
MO
/ YP
MO
and
JP
MO
Spot
sam
ple,
tw
ice
a ye
ar
50
50
50
50
50
/ /
250
3.5
Slu
dge
Wat
er
cont
ent,
Zn,
Cr,
Cd,
Pb,
C
u, H
g
CS
W, C
WS
, CW
WTP
, Y
WR
, YW
S
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CEP
B/YE
PB
Spot
sam
ple,
on
ce a
yea
r 25
25
25
25
25
/
/ 12
5
Appendix 2 53
Bud
get (
CN
Y 1,
000)
a Ite
m
Para
met
ers
Loca
tion
Impl
emen
ting
Age
ncy
Supe
rvis
ing
Age
ncy
Tim
e an
d Fr
eque
ncy
CSW
CW
SC
WW
PTYW
RYW
SYH
SYS
HN
Subt
otal
(C
NY
1,00
0)
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
C
ontra
ctor
s,
IAs
CPM
O a
nd
JPM
O
Spot
sam
ple,
fo
ur ti
mes
a y
ear
50
/ /
/ /
/ 50
10
0 3.
6 G
roun
d-
wat
er
pH, S
S, T
N,
TP, B
OD
5, C
OD
Cr,
met
als
(As,
C
r, C
u, C
d,
Hg,
Pb,
Ni,
Zn),
oils
(tot
al
hydr
o-ca
rbon
s),
cyan
ide,
fe
cal
colif
orm
s,
grou
ndw
ater
le
vel
CS
W:
5 m
onito
ring
wel
ls, o
ne
upst
ream
, 2 d
owns
tream
an
d 2
in w
aste
are
a C
WW
TP
2 or
3 m
onito
ring
wel
ls, 1
up
stre
am, 2
dow
nstre
am
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EM
C
CEP
B Sp
ot, s
ampl
e,
twic
e a
year
, 25
/
15
/ /
/ /
40
Inte
rnal
m
onito
ring:
co
ntra
ctor
s,
IAs
S
pot c
heck
, onc
e a
year
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 14
3.
7 S
oil a
nd
vege
tatio
n In
spec
t ve
geta
tion
surv
ival
and
co
vera
ge
rate
.
All t
he s
ites
Ext
erna
l m
onito
ring:
C
EMC
/YEM
C
CE
PB
/ YE
PB
an
d C
WR
B/
YW
RB
Spot
che
ck, e
very
se
cond
yea
r
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 7
As =
ars
enic
, BO
D5
= 5-
day
bioc
hem
ical
oxy
gen
dem
and,
Cd
= c
adm
ium
, CM
EC =
Cha
ngch
un M
unic
ipal
Env
ironm
enta
l Mon
itorin
g C
ente
r, C
EPB
= C
hang
chun
Mun
icip
al
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Bure
au, C
O =
car
bon
mon
oxid
e, C
OD
Cr =
che
mic
al o
xyge
n de
man
d, C
r = c
hrom
ium
, CPM
O =
Cha
ngch
un M
unic
ipal
Pro
ject
Man
agem
ent O
ffice
, Cu
= co
pper
, C
SW
= C
hang
chun
Sol
id W
aste
Pro
ject
, CW
RB
= C
hang
chun
Wat
er R
esou
rce
Bur
eau,
CW
S =
Cha
ngch
un N
o. 5
Wat
er S
uppl
y Pr
ojec
t, C
WW
TP =
Cha
ngch
un
Jing
yue
Was
te W
ater
Tre
atm
ent P
lant
, H2S
= h
ydro
gen
sulfi
de, H
g =
mer
cury
, IA
= im
plem
entin
g ag
ency
, Leq
= -e
quiv
alen
t con
tinuo
us n
oise
leve
l, N
H3
= am
mon
ia, N
H3-
N—
=
amm
onia
nitr
ogen
, N
i = n
icke
l, N
O2
= ni
troge
n di
oxid
e, P
b =
lead
, pH
= m
easu
re o
f ac
idity
and
alk
alin
ity,
PM10
= p
artic
ulat
e m
atte
r sm
alle
r th
an 1
0 m
icro
met
ers,
SS
=
susp
ende
d so
lids,
TN
= t
otal
nitr
ogen
, TP
= t
otal
pho
spho
r, TS
P =
tot
al s
uspe
nded
par
ticle
s, Y
EB
P =
Yan
ji M
unic
ipal
Env
ironm
enta
l P
rote
ctio
n Bu
reau
, YE
MC
= Y
anji
Mun
icip
al E
nviro
nmen
tal M
onito
ring
Cen
ter,
YPM
O =
Yan
ji m
unic
ipal
pro
ject
man
agem
ent
offic
e, Y
SHN
= Y
anji
seco
nd h
eatin
g ne
twor
k, Y
WR
B =
Yan
ji W
ater
Res
ourc
e Bu
reau
, YW
R =
Yan
ji w
ater
reus
e pl
ant,
YW
S =
Yanj
i Wat
er S
uppl
y Pr
ojec
t , Z
n =
zinc
. a,
Indi
cativ
e co
st a
nd w
ill be
fina
lized
at a
late
r sta
ge.
Sour
ces:
Pro
ject
pre
para
tory
tech
nica
l ass
ista
nce
cons
ulta
nts
base
d on
the
indi
vidu
al e
nviro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct a
sses
smen
t rep
orts
(IAs
, 200
1–20
07).
54 Appendix 2
D. Public Consultation
1. Public Consultation during Project Preparation
13. Various public consultations were conducted in the course of the preparation of the feasibility studies (FSs) and EIAs. During the FSs, the municipal governments of Changchun and Yanji were consulted to assist in site and process selections. During the EIAs and project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA), public consultations with various groups of stakeholders were conducted. The main focus was to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed subprojects on nearby residents and mitigation measures, and also resettlement issues. The activities were carried out in accordance with PRC Provision of Public Consultations for Environmental Impact Assessment (SEPA, 2006), and ADB Environment Assessment Guidelines.1
2. Future Public Consultation Plan
14. Future plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operation phases were developed during project preparation. The plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages, (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts, and (iii) interviewing the public after the Project is completed. They consist of several types of public involvement, e.g., site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and public hearings (Table A2.3).
15. Public participation plans are part of the project implementation and management plan. The IAs are responsible for public participation during project implementation. The IAs will also establish environmental management units (EMUs) for supervising implementation, continuing public consultation, monitoring progress, and responding to grievances. The staff at the offices will be well-trained to handle crisis situations or conflicts with residents due to distress from environmental impacts. Costs for public participation activities during project construction are included in the project funding. The costs are estimated as CNY3,000 for each expert workshop, CNY20,000 for each public investigation on a particular issue, CNY10,000 for each resettlement survey, CNY5,000 for each public workshop, and CNY6,000 for each press conference. Costs for public participation activities during operation will be covered by the IAs. In addition, the established feedback mechanisms (Figure A2.1) will ensure timely feedback and measures to address any concerns raised by the project-affected communities.
Table A2.3: Public Consultation Plan
Stage/Organizer Approach Times Subjects Participants 1. Project preparation IAs, the PMOs, EIA and FS preparation agencies
Public consultation Expert workshop
At least once At least once
Project priority, effects, attitudes toward the Project/subprojects, and suggestions
Residents within construction area Specialists from various sectors
PPTA team Questionnaires Site visits, and public consultations
At least once At least once
Comments and recommendations of the public
Representatives of residents and social sectors
1 ADB. 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Manila.
Appendix 2 55
Stage/Organizer Approach Times Subjects Participants 2. Construction IAs, the PMOs Public consultation
and site visits At least once a year
Adjusting mitigation measures if necessary, construction impacts, comments and suggestions
Residents within construction area
Expert workshop or press conference
At least once Comments and suggestions on mitigation measures, public opinions
Experts from various sectors, media
Public workshop
At least once a year
Adjusting mitigation measures if necessary, construction impacts, comments and suggestions
Representatives of residents and social sectors
Survey on resettlement
As required by relevant resettlement plan
Comments and suggestions
People affected by resettlement and relocation
3. Test operation IAs and contracted environmental consulting companies
Questionnaires Site visits
At least once during the test operation
Comments and suggestions on operational impacts, public opinions
Representatives of residents and social sectors
4. Operation IAs, the PMOs Public consultation
and site visits At least once Effects of mitigation
measures, impacts of operation, comments and suggestions
Residents adjacent to project sites
Public workshop As needed based on public consultation
Effects of mitigation measures, impacts of operation, comments and suggestions
Representatives of residents and social sectors
Expert workshop or press conference
As needed based on public consultation and workshop
Comments and suggestions on operational impacts, public opinions
Experts from various sectors, media
Public satisfaction survey
At least once Comments and suggestions
Project beneficiaries
PMOs = project management offices including Jilin provincial PMO, Changchun municipal PMO, and Yanji municipal PMO, EIA = environmental impact assessment, IA = implementing agency, PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance. Sources: Individual environmental impact assessment reports, IAs, 2001–2007.
56 Appendix 2
E. Responsibilities and Implementing Authorities
16. The Jilin provincial government is the Executing Agency and has established a project leading group (JPLG) headed by the vice governor of the province and a project management office (JPMO) headed by the vice director of Jilin Provincial Construction Bureau. The JPMO includes members from the JPCB, Jilin Provincial Development and Reform Commission (JPDRC), and Jilin Provincial Finance Bureau (JPFB). The JPMO will have overall responsibility for supervising implementation of mitigation measures and reporting to ADB. To ensure the implementation of mitigation measures, Changchun and Yanji have set up their own project offices (CPMO and YPMO) to coordinate and monitor activities of the IA in each city.
17. The PMOs, IAs, and contractors will each nominate dedicated, trained, and qualified environment specialists to undertake environmental management activities and ensure effective EMP implementation. Consultants will assist the PMOs and the IAs in preparing semiannual EMP progress reports and carrying out training programs. Table A2.4 shows the environmental responsibilities in the different phases of the Project.
Table A2.4: Environmental Responsibility
Phase Responsible Agencies Environmental Responsibility Preparation Environmental institutes Prepare EIAs
The PMOs, JEPB, SEPA,
CEPB, and YEPB
Review and approve individual EIAs including the EMP
JPMO, CPMO, YPMO, ADB
Review and approve the SEIA including the EMP
Design DIs Update the EMP in cooperation with environmental institutes, and incorporate mitigation measures in engineering detail designs and contracts
The PMOs, IAs Review and approve environmental measures
Tendering The PMOs, contractors, IAs
Incorporate EMP clauses in the bids
Construction The PMOs, IAs, CEBP, YEPB
Advise on implementation of mitigation measures
Contractors
Implement mitigation measures
EMCs to be contracted by IAs, IAs
Implement internal inspection and monitoring
CEMC, YEMC Implement external monitoring and inspect implementation of mitigation measures.
Test Operation IA and contracted monitoring institutes
Prepare environmental acceptance monitoring and audit report of project completion and operation
CEPB
Approve environmental acceptance of project operation
Appendix 2 57
Phase Responsible Agencies Environmental Responsibility Operation Environmental monitoring
institutes contracted by IAs, IAs
Internal environmental monitoring and inspection
CEMC, YEMC on behalf of CEPB, YEPB
Carry out periodic and random environmental monitoring and inspection of environmental compliances
CEPB = Changchun municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, CEMC = Changchun Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, CPMO = Changchun municipal project management office, DI = design institute, EMC = environmental management consultant, IA = implementing agency, JPMO = Jilin provincial project management office, PMOs = project management offices of Jilin, Changchun, and Yanji PMO, SEPA = State Environmental Protection Administration, YEPB = Yanji Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, YEMC = Yanji Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, YPMO = Yanji municipal project management office. Sources: PPTA consultants based on the individual environmental impact assessment reports (IAs, 2006) and the EIA report for the ADB loan project as a whole. 18. The IAs will be largely responsible for environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures. They will ensure that the EMP is carried out and will engage design institutes and professional consultants to help with environmental management at the preparation, design, construction, and operation phases. The IAs will be responsible for arranging environmental monitoring reviews and responding to any adverse impacts beyond those foreseen in the EIAs. The IAs will also attend to the request of the environmental protection bureaus and ADB for mitigation measures.
19. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures during construction, while the IAs will be responsible for implementing such measures during operation.
20. In accordance with the EMP, the IAs will set up their own EMUs that will generally require two employees each. During the project, the EMUs will be responsible for (i) implementing the EMP and developing further implementation details; (ii) supervising contractors’ implementation of mitigation measures during construction; (iii) implementing training programs for contractors; (iv) incorporating environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into the construction and operation management plans; (v) developing and implementing internal routine environmental monitoring; and (vi) reporting performance of the EMP to CPMO, YPMO, JPMO, and responsible agencies. The EMUs will be supported and supervised respectively by CEPB/YEPB and the municipal environmental monitoring centers (CEMC/ YEMC).
21. CEPB/YEPB will ensure compliance with PRC and local environmental regulations through spot checks or regular environmental monitoring and inspection during construction and operation. CEMC/YEMC will conduct actual environmental monitoring on behalf of CEPB/YEPB. CEPB/YEPB will review the effectiveness of regulations annually and modify them, if necessary, in accordance with applicable legal procedures. Appropriate penalties for noncompliance may be levied on IAs and contractors.
22. The local government will provide the IAs with financial and management authority to operate the project facilities. The IAs will be strengthened by environmental management training provided by the Project, as summarized in Table A2.5. They will incorporate environmental management activities into the construction management plans.
58 Appendix 2
F. Institutional Strengthening and Training
23. An assessment undertaken during the project preparatory technical assistance indicates that the JPMO has adequate technical and institutional capacities for project implementation. However, CPMO, YPMO, especially IAs, lack capacity for environmental management and monitoring. For proper implementation of the EMP, it is necessary to build up and strengthen the capacity of the implementing and supervision agencies. The PMOs/IAs will therefore need EMP training (Table A2.5).
24. It is considered that this three-tier arrangement—JPLG, the PMOs, and IAs—provides a reasonable framework for project management and control. It is essential that the PMOs and IAs have the capacity to implement the Project effectively, and that their responsibilities and their relationship with concerned government departments and agencies are clearly defined.
25. Environmental specialists in the PMOs, IAs, some persons from CEMC/YEMC and CEPB/YEPB, and contractors will receive training in environmental management monitoring and supervision, mitigation planning, emergency response, environmental policy making, and other environmental management techniques. Funding for this training will be included in the project budget and in the operation and maintenance budgets during the operation phase.
Table A2.5: Institutional Strengthening and Training
Strengthening Activities
Agencies Strengthening Plans Timing
Capacity building
PMOs, IAs Institutional organization, development of responsibilities for each position
During project preparation and implementation
Monitoring Contractors, IAs, and the PMOs
Procurement of related monitoring instruments and equipment
During project preparation and implementation
Training Attendees Contents Times Period(days)
Number of
Persons
Cost (CNY/
person- day)
Total Cost (CNY1,000)
Environmental laws, regulations, and policies
The PMOs, IAs/operators, contractors
(i) Environmental laws and regulations
(ii) Environmental policies and plans
(iii) Basic environmental management
(iv) Environmental emergency response
1 2 40 each time
300 24
EMP implementation
The PMOs, IAs/operators, contractors
(i) Responsibility and duties in project construction, management, and environmental protection.
1 5 40 300 60
Appendix 2 59
Strengthening Activities
Agencies Strengthening Plans Timing
(ii) Task of environmental protection in project construction
(iii) Key environmental protection contents, etc., in project construction
(iv) Various environmental reports
(v) EMP improvement and corrective actions
Troubleshooting IAs/operators,
contractors (i) Setting up a
troubleshooting unit (ii) Crisis-handling
methods
1 2 20 300 12
Environmental technologies and equipment
The PMOs/IAs/ operators and contractors
Engineering technologies, pollution control equipment selection and procurement
1 2 20 300 12
Environmental facility operation and maintenance
IA/operators, contractors
(i) Operation and (ii) maintenance of
environmental installations
(iii) Safety operation regulations
(iv) Equipment management and emergency response procedures
1 2 40 300 24
Training Attendees Contents Times Period(days)
Number of Persons
Cost (CNY/ person- day)
Total Cost (CNY1,000)
Environmental monitoring and inspection
IAs/operators, CEPB/ YEPB, CEMC/ YEMC, contractors
Monitoring and inspection methods, data collection and processing, interpretation of data, reporting system
1 4 40 300 60
Total 192 CEPB = Changchun Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, CEMC = Changchun Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, IA = implementing agency, YEBP = Yanji Environmental Protection Bureau, YEMC = Yanji Environmental Monitoring Center, PMOs = project management offices, here referring to Jilin, Changchun, and Yanji project management office. Sources: Project preparatory technical assistance consultants based on the individual environmental impact assessment reports (IAs, 2001–2006).
60 Appendix 2
G. Reporting and Supervision
26. Internal Monitoring Reports. During the construction period, results of internal monitoring by EMCs contracted by IAs and/or CPMO/YPMO will be reflected in the weekly construction reports. The reports will summarize (i) environmental issues during construction; (ii) mitigation measures taken, if any; and (iii) consequences of the impacts on the environment and/or surrounding communities.
27. The contractors will be trained to take immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective or inefficient mitigation measures, as required by the EMP. The IAs will also respond to these reports to ensure that contractors have taken appropriate and timely action. Additional measures may be taken, if needed, to ensure that all issues raised by the reports are addressed properly.
28. Results of the detailed internal environmental monitoring program and mitigation actions for the construction phase will be submitted weekly to the IA, monthly to CPMO/YPMO and CEPB/YEPB, and twice a year to JPMO and JEPB. CEPB/YEPB and JEPB may request that further environmental mitigation actions be taken, as they deem necessary, and may determine further mitigation measures for different stages, if necessary.
29. External Monitoring Reports. CEMC/YEMC authorized by CEPB/YEPB will be responsible for external monitoring and inspection of the compliance with PRC environmental regulations during construction and operation. The compliance monitoring reports will include (i) the project background, (ii) construction and operation activities, (iii) environmental conditions, (iv) measurement or sampling done during auditing and the locations, (v) analytical results, (vi) interpretation and implication of the monitoring results, (vii) determination of the compliance status with regard to applicable regulations and standards, and (viii) recommendations for improvement. These reports will be submitted to CEPB/YEPB and JEPB by CEMC/YEMC with a copy to CPMO/YPMO and JMPO. CEPB/YEPB and JEPB may request that further environmental mitigation actions be taken if necessary.
30. Environmental Acceptance Monitoring and Audit Report of the Completion of Each Subproject. An environmental acceptance report of the completion of each subproject will be prepared in accordance with the PRC regulation on environmental check-and-acceptance of project completion (SEPA, 2001) within 3 months after such completion. The report will focus on project compliance with environmental requirements when it is put into operation. The report will be sent to environmental authorities for review and approval. If noncompliance is found, the project will be asked to be improved to meet the requirements before the official start of operation.
31. Reports to ADB. The PMOs with the assistance of project consultants will monitor and assess overall project activities under the project design and monitoring framework (PDMF), including environmental targets. The JPMO will submit to ADB the EMP progress reports and information on project implementation and the environmental performance of the contractors, IAs, EMCs, and the PMOs. The reports will include (i) semiannual environmental reports on EMP implementation, and (ii) environmental compliance monitoring and audit report of the completion of each subproject. Progress reports will emphasize (i) progress made in water quality improvement, (ii) monitoring results at appropriate points in the rivers and in Baiyangdian Lake, (iii) implementation of mitigation measures, (iv) environmental compliance, (v) training, and (vi) capacity-building progress (Table A2.6). ADB may request that further environmental
Appendix 2 61
mitigation actions be taken, as they deem necessary, and may determine further mitigation measures for different stages, if necessary.
Table A2.6: Reporting Plan
Reports From To Frequency of Reporting
Construction Phase Weekly internal monitoring reports by contractors
Contractors IAs Weekly Internal monitoring and inspection
Monthly internal monitoring reports by environmental management consultants to be contracted by IAs
EMCs CPMO/YPMO Monthly
Semiannual internal environmental monitoring and inspection reports based on the monthly reports
CPMO/YPMO with assistance from EMCs
JPMO Twice a year
Spot-check monitoring and inspection reports
CEMC/YEMC CEPB/YEPB Random External monitoring and inspection
Monthly external environmental monitoring and inspection reports
CEMC/YEMC CEPB/YEEPB Monthly
Semiannual external environmental monitoring and inspection reports based on the monthly reports
CEMC/YEMC CEPB/YEPB and JEPB
Twice a year
Reports to ADB Semiannual progress reports based on all the internal and external reports
JPMO ADB Twice a year
Test Operation Project acceptance
Environmental acceptance reports of project completion
A certified monitoring institute contracted by IAs
Environment authorities who have given the individual EIA approvals, and ADB
Within 3 months after project completion, or no later than 1 year with permissions
Operation Internal monitoring
Routine environmental monitoring reports IAs/Operators CEPB/YEPB, CPMO/YPMO and JPMO
Monthly
External monitoring and inspection
Environmental compliance reports CEMC/YEMC CEPB/YEPB and JEPB, CPMO/YPMO and JPMO
Quarterly
Reports to ADB Semiannual reports based on all the internal and external monitoring inspection reports during operation
JPMO ADB Twice a year
ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEPB = Changchun Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, CMEC = Changchun Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, CPMO = Changchun municipal project management office, EMC = environmental management consultant, IA = implementing agency, JPMO = Jilin provincial project management office, YPMO = Yanji municipal project management office, YEPB = Yanji Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. Sources: PPTA consultants based on the individual environmental impact assessment reports (IAs, 2001–2006).
62 Appendix 2
H. Work Plan
32. Before construction, the PMOs and IAs will develop detailed responsibilities and requirements for contractors and will provide detailed cost estimates of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring in the construction contracts. The PMOs and IAs also will detail the responsibilities of their environmental management offices and prepare their work schedules.
33. Before operation, the IAs as operators will develop detailed work plans for environmental management and monitoring during operation, based on the EMP. The work plans will be submitted to CEPB/YEPB to help them supervise implementation.
I. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
34. The IAs with help from the PMOs will develop detailed plans for procurement of equipment and materials, and civil works for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans. The plans will be incorporated into the project contracts. Environmental considerations will be incorporated into the procurement to ensure environmentally responsive procurement.
35. Cost estimates for mitigation measures and monitoring plans are summarized in Table A2.1 and Table A2.2. The IAs will bear all compliance monitoring costs and will ensure that necessary budgets are available for the PMOs and CEMC/YEMC. Internal monitoring costs will be borne by the IAs and contractors during construction, and by the IAs or operation and maintenance companies during operation. They will also ensure that the required budgets are available. Before implementing a monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, which will be included in the tender and contract documents. The IAs will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation. Costs related to environmental supervision during construction and operation will be borne by the IAs. Costs for the EMCs and training will be borne by the Project as a whole. The budget for training programs will be included in the construction and operation contracts. During the operation phase the training budget will be included in the operation and maintenance budget.
J. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment
36. On the basis of the inspection and monitoring reports, environmental authorities will decide whether (i) further mitigation measures are required as corrective action, or (ii) some improvement is required to environmental management practices. If it is found during inspection that there has been substantial deviation from the EMP or that any changes made to the Project or any subproject may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or increase the number of affected people, the JPMO should immediately consult with environmental authorities and ADB and form an environmental assessment team to conduct additional assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EIA reports including the EMP should be submitted to the environmental authorities for approval, and finally reported to ADB. The revised EMP will be passed to the contractor(s) and IAs for implementation.
No. 1 WTP
No. 2 WTP
North Pumping Station
South Pumping Station
Fangniugou Pumping StationShitoukoumen Reservoir
No. 3 WTPOld No. 3 WTP
No. 4 WTP
No. 5 WTP
Bei Sam HuanTranser Station 300 t/d
Xin Da KaiTransfer Station 200 t/d
Hao Yue Da LuTransfer Station 200 t/d
Mogugou Domestic Solid WasteSanitary Landfill
Original Water Treatment Plant
Proposed Water Treatment Plant
Pumping Station
Transmission Pipeline
Distribution Pipeline
Domestic Solid Waste Landfill
Transfer Station
Collection and Transfer Route of Bei Sam Huan
Collection and Transfer Route of Hei Zai Zi
Collection and Transfer Route of Hao Yue Da Lu
Collection and Transfer Route of Qian Jin West
Collection and Transfer Route of Xin Da Kai
Figure A2.2: Layout ofChangchun Water Treatment Plant Subproject
Figure A2.3: Location of Changchun Domestic Solid Waste Landfill,Transfer Stations, and Routes
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b:
Inte
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Pip
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Pro
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Xilin
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Fig
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.4a
: L
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Waste
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Me
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Yanji Water Treatment Plant
Baishi Water Treatment Plant
Chaoyang Water Source
Industry Water Sourceto Xiaohelong Reservoir
Yanji EffluentReuse Plant
Yanji Water Treatment Plant
Yanji Effluent Reuse Plant
Yanji Water Treatment Plant
Road
Railway
Existing Combine Sewer
Existing Wastewater Pipeline
Existing Storm Water Pipeline
Proposed Wastewater Pipeline
Tertiary Treated Water Distribution Pipeline
Yanji Water Treatment Plant
Road
Railway
Existing Sewer
Proposed Sewer
County Boundary
Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
Figure A2.5: Yanji Water Treatment Plant andNetwork Upgrading
Figure A2.6: Yanji Water Reuse Plant and Pipeline
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Appendix 2 69
Figure A2.2 Layout of Changchun Water Treatment Plant Subproject
SEPA
CEPB/YEPB
JEPB JPLG ADB
JPMO
CPMO/YPMO
Public Complaints
IAs (operators)
EMC
ADB = Asian Development Bank, CEMC = Changchun Environmental Monitoring Center, CEPB = Changchun Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, CPMO = Changchun provincial project management office, DI = design institute, EIAC = environmental impact assessment company, EMP = environmental management plan, EMC = environmental management consultant, IA = implementing agency, JEPB = Jilin Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, JPLG = Jilin Project Leading Group, JPMO = Jilin provincial project management office, SEPA = State Environmental Protection Administration, YEMC = Yanji Environmental Monitoring Center, YEPB = Yanji Environmental Protection Bureau, YPMO = Yanji municipal project management office. Source: PPTA consultants in consultation with JPMO, CPMO, YPMO.
Consultants (DIs, EIAC)
CEMC/YEMC Contractors (during construction)
Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Program
Reporting Suggestions and Comments/
Public Complaints
Documents of EMP Implementation and Effectiveness
Response
