MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALMANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)

FOR

COASTAL RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CRSD)

December 2011

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AcronymsBOD5 Bio-chemical Oxygen DemandCOD Chemical Oxygen DemandCPC Commune Peoples CommitteeCRSD Vietnam Coastal Resources for Sustainable Development ProjectDARD Department of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentDO Dissolve OxygenDOFREP Department of Fishery Resource Exploitation and ProtectionDONRE Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmentDPC District Peoples CommitteeECOP Environmental Code of PracticesEIA Environmental Impact AssessmentEM Ethnic Minority(S)EMP (Site) Environnemental Management PlanEPC Environmental Protection CommitmentESMF Environmental and Social Management FrameworkGAP Good Aquaculture PracticesGoV Government of VietnamIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentIDA International Development Association IP Indigenous PeopleIPP Indigenous Peoples PlanMARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentMONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNGO Non-Governmental OrganizationOP Operational PolicyPCU Project Coordination UnitPMU Project Management UnitPPMU Provincial Project Management UnitPPC Provincial People’s CommitteeRAP Resettlement Action PlanRPF Resettlement Policy FrameworkSIA Social Impact AssessmentTOR Terms of ReferenceTSS Total Suspended SolidsUSD US DollarsVND Vietnamese DongWB World Bank

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Executive SummaryThe Project Development Objective (PDO) of the Coastal Resource for Sustainable Development Project (CRSDP) is to improve the sustainable management of coastal fisheries in selected coastal provinces of Vietnam.

Project Description: The CRSD project consists of four components which are summarized below:

(A) - Institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable fisheries resources management: This component would support three key activities: (a) integrated spatial planning of coastal resources that supports the fisheries sector; (b) upgrading of the Vnfishbase, including establishing of a knowledge management system for fisheries and environmental management; and (c) selected policy research contributing to the preparation of the new Master Plan for the fisheries sector to 2020.

(B) - Good practices for a sustainable aquaculture: This component would support good aquaculture practices (GAP) through supporting three key activities: (a) improved bio-security management at farm and community levels, (b) improved seed quality monitoring, and (c) improved environmental management to support a sustainable aquaculture.

(C) - Sustainable management of near-shore capture fisheries: This component would support two key activities: (a) co-management of near-shore capture fisheries at the district and commune levels together with strengthening of the government’s monitoring, control, and surveillance systems (MCS), and (b) improvement of hygienic conditions and operational efficiency for selected fishing ports, landing sites, and wholesale markets to reduce locally environmental pollution and improve values for fisheries products.

(D)- Project management, Monitoring and Evaluation: This component would provide the required resources: (a) to allow for effective management of the project; and (b) to strengthen the institutional capacity to monitor and evaluate project activities and sustain project interventions.

Environmental and Social Management Framework (EMSF): The project’s potential socio-environmental impacts have been screened and the project was proposed to be “Category B” based on the World Bank’s Environmental classification. No major or irreversible negative environmental impacts are expected. Negative environmental impacts are limited and manageable. This EMSF has been prepared for MARD to guide project staff on the management of environmental issues and impacts1 during implementation. The document was prepared based on the national environmental laws2, regulations and legislations in Vietnam and the World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies. The ESMF also includes a training plan for relevant DONREs and safeguards staff to implement environmental monitoring and management plans. The estimated costs for implementing the ESMF, including staffing, mitigation measures, monitoring and capacity building have been included in the total project costs. The ESMF will be disclosed through the Bank’s InfoShop and at PPMUs before the start of appraisal.

Project’s Positive Impacts: Overall, it is anticipated that the project would yield positive impacts on the livelihoods of fishing communities and smallholder aquaculture farmers (including ethnic minorities) in the project area and on the sector’s capacity for sustainable management of coastal resources through co-management at local levels. Local beneficiaries would have better access to information, training, sustainable technologies, improved

1 The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and Ethnic Minority Policy Framework (EMPF) have been prepared separately in according with the Bank’s policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) and Indigenous People (OP4.10).2 Existing Vietnamese environmental laws only regulates EIA/EPC for specific subprojects and project level Framework has not been covered. The rules applicable for subprojects have been incorporated into the contents of the ESMF, which will be adopted by MARD.

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infrastructure and associated support services, and opportunities for additional incomes. Local communities will assume collective rights and responsibilities related to near-shore fishery resources and will be enabled to apply these in ways to sustain their long term livelihoods.

The key potential negative socio-environmental impacts: The main environmental issue of the project that have been identified include: (1) improper use and management of chemicals and antibiotics in aquaculture; (2) ineffective management and proper treatment of solid wastes and wastewater resulting from aquaculture; and (3) negative socio-environmental impacts (i.e. increased localized level of dust, noise, disturbance to traffic and community, safety risks, water pollution risks ) of construction activities of new or existing infrastructure (i.e. upgrading of fishing ports, landing sites, fish markets, etc). These impacts will be temporary and localized in nature and can be avoided or minimized by proper mitigation measures.

Mitigation Measures: As part of the project design, environmental mitigation measures have been streamlined and incorporated into the design of each project component. For instance, Component B (aquaculture) is designed with “GAP” being the center of the component. The risks of improper use and management of chemicals and antibiotics and ineffective management and proper treatment of solid waste and wastewater will be mitigated substantially by ensuring that technicians and farmers are adequately trained and monitored. In Component C (capture fisheries), all infrastructure upgrading are designed to address/reduce environmental pollution as well as improve food safety at selected landing sites. Detailed environmental screening checklists (Annex C) have been developed to screen and exclude all subprojects that may cause large-scale (or irreversible) environmental impacts during implementation. One potential environmental risk in upgrading of fishing ports and landing sites can arise from disturbing the sediment when dredging. This risk can be mitigated by appropriate procedures for measuring the pollution levels in sediments and appropriate pollution prevention measures are proposed before implementation can take place (i.e. analyzing pollutants in sediments, identifying disposal sites and mitigation measures during dredging, temporary loading, transportation, and handing, implementing environmental monitoring plans). A set of standard ECOP (Environmental Codes of Practices, Annex D) will also be implemented to minimize the known common impacts of construction activities under Component C.

Procedures: Environmental safeguard documents, including Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Environmental Protection Commitment (EPC) for subprojects identified during project implementation will be prepared in accordance with the regulations specified in Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP. For small-scale investments (i.e. upgrading of offices, small access roads, etc.), a simple ECOP to be included in the bidding documents and contracts should be suffice. For the upgrading of landing sites and fishing ports, EIAs or EPC may be required and they will be reviewed and approved by DONRE or District People’s Committee (DPC). Detailed guidance on environmental assessment, monitoring and management procedures is presented in Sections 6 to 8 of the ESMF. In short, the following steps will be included: (1) environmental screening to determine eligibility; (2) determining an EIA or EPC is required for the subproject, (3) preparation and approval of the EIA/EPC and EMP followed by public disclosure; (4) incorporating mitigation measures into bidding documents, construction and supervision contracts; and (5) environmental monitoring according to the EMP. For subprojects involving in dredging, the Bank will conduct prior review of the safeguard documents before implementation.

Institutional Arrangements: MARD PCU and PPMUs would be the executing agencies. Each of them will appoint one Environmental and Social Safeguard Officer to be responsible for the project safeguards. The project will provide training to build capacity of the PCU, PPMUs and DONREs on implementation of the ESMF and related monitoring activities. A technical assistance team will also be recruited to assist the PCU in managing project implementation, including environmental and social safeguards.

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Table of ContentsAcronyms................................................................................................................................................ iiExecutive Summary...............................................................................................................................ii1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................22. Project Description........................................................................................................................23 Legal Basis......................................................................................................................................2

3.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies...........................................................................................2

3.2 Vietnam’s Legislation for Environmental Assessment.............................................................24 Typical Sub-projects and their Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts.................................2

4.1 Potential socio-environmental benefits of CRSD Subprojects............................................24.2 Potential negative Socio-environmental impacts of CRSD subprojects..............................2

5. Mitigation of potential negative Socio-environmental impacts of CRSD subprojects............25.1 Avoid Negative Impacts from Site Selection – Exclusion list.............................................2

5.2 Mitigation Measures............................................................................................................26 Sub-project Environmental Safeguard Documents Requirements...........................................2

6.1 Documentation Requirements..............................................................................................26.2 Subproject Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Requirements.......................2

6.3 Detail guidance on the Steps to be followed by each subproject.........................................27 Monitoring and Supervision.........................................................................................................28 Implementation Arrangements....................................................................................................2

8.1 Organizational Structure for Project Implementation..........................................................2

8.2 Responsibilities....................................................................................................................29 Capacity Building and Training Requirements..........................................................................210 Estimated Costs..............................................................................................................................2ANNEXES..............................................................................................................................................2Annex A - Detailed Project Description...............................................................................................2Annex B - Baseline Information...........................................................................................................2

A.1. Overview..................................................................................................................................2A.2. Key findings from Social Assessment.....................................................................................2

A.3. The Fishery Sector in Vietnam................................................................................................2A.4. The Fishery Sector in project provinces..................................................................................2

Appendix C - Environmental and Social Screening Checklists for each Subproject......................2Appendix D - Environmental Code of Practice (ECOPs)..................................................................2Annex E - Guidance for Preparing EMP for Subprojects.................................................................2Annex F - Draft TOR for Environmental Specialist.........................................................................2Appendix G - List of people interviewed.............................................................................................2

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TablesTable 1. World Bank Safeguards Policies and their Applicability to CRSD...........................................................2Table 2. Subproject Environmental Safeguard Documents (ESD) requirements....................................................2Table 3. Environmental Quality Monitoring Program.............................................................................................2Table 4. ESMF implementation responsibilities......................................................................................................2Table 5. Estimated Cost for ESMF implementation................................................................................................2Table A.1. Land areas in project provinces..............................................................................................................2Table A.2. Population of the project regions and provinces....................................................................................2Table A.3. Laborers’ main occupations (including all household members involving in laboring)........................2

FiguresFigure 1: CRSD Environmental Safeguard process Figure 2 – Organisational Chart

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1. Introduction

The Government of Vietnam has requested World Bank financing of the Vietnam Coastal Resources Sustainable Development (CRSD) Project. This project corresponds with the central features of the Government Strategy for improving the fishery sectors capacity to produce high quality produce, for local and export markets.

The CRSD will comply with applicable Vietnamese environmental legislations and the World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies. It is believed that the project would not cause any significant adverse environmental impacts; potential socio-environmental impacts are predicable, mostly site-specific, low to medium scale and manageable. Therefore, the project has been classified as Environmental Category B by the World Bank and preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is required to ensure that its subprojects would be implemented in an environmentally and socially sustainable manner. The objectives of this ESMF are:

To assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed Project, whether positive or negative and propose mitigation measures which will effectively address these impacts;

To establish clear procedures and methodologies for the environmental and social planning, review, approval and implementation of subprojects to be financed under the Project;

To consider different alternatives, options, and relevant mitigation measures during project preparation and implementation;

To specify appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social concerns related to subprojects;

To determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMF and establish the project funding and provide practical resources for implementing the ESMF.

This ESMF sets out procedures and guidelines for assessing possible environmental and social impacts of the subprojects. These procedures and guidelines will help the implementing agencies in screening subprojects’ eligibility; determining their environmental and social impacts; identifying appropriate mitigation measures to be incorporated into the subproject reports; and specifying institutional responsibilities for implementing preventive, mitigation and compensation measures, and monitoring and evaluation.

2. Project Description

The CRSD project would consist of the following four components: (A) Institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable fisheries management; (B) Good practices for a sustainable aquaculture; and (C) Sustainable management of near-shore capture fisheries; and (D) Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation.

Component A: Institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable fisheries management. This component would support three key activities: (a) integrated spatial planning of coastal resources that supports the fisheries sector; (b) upgrading of the Vnfishbase, including establishment of a knowledge management system for fisheries and environmental management; and (c) selected policy research to contribute to the preparation of the new Master Plan for the fisheries sector to 2020.

Component B: Good practices for a sustainable aquaculture. This component would support good aquaculture practices (GAP) through supporting three key activities: (a) improved bio-

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security management at farm and community levels; (b) improved seed quality management, and (c) improved environmental management to monitor and support a sustainable aquaculture.

Component C: Sustainable management of near-shore capture fisheries. This component would support two key activities: (a) co-management of near-shore capture fisheries at the district and commune levels together with strengthening of monitoring, control, and surveillance systems (MCS), and (b) improvement of hygienic conditions and operational efficiency for selected fishing ports, landing sites, and wholesale markets to reduce locally environmental pollution and improve values for fishery products.

Component D: Project management, Monitoring and Evaluation. This component would provide the required resources (a) to allow for effective management of the project; and (b) to strengthen the institutional capacity in key areas, particularly at provincial, district and community level, to monitor and evaluate project activities and sustain project interventions.

A detailed project description is provided in Annex A of this ESMF.

3 Legal Basis

3.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies

The CRSD’s potential socio-environmental impacts have been screened and rated as environmental Category B under the World Bank's policy on environmental assessment (OP 4.01). A partial Environmental Assessment (EA) was carried out and an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) was prepared. In addition to the OP 4.01, the CRSD has also triggered a number of other safeguard policies as indicated in Table 3.1.

Table 1. World Bank Safeguards Policies and their Applicability to CRSD

World Bank Policy/Directive Applicability

Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, BP 4.01) Yes

Natural Habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04) Yes

Forestry (OP4.36) No

Pest Management (OP 4.09) No

Cultural Property (OP 4.11) No

Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10) Yes

Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12, BP 4.12) Yes

Safety of Dams (OP 4.37, BP 4.37) No

Projects in International Waters (OP 7.50, BP 7.50, GP 7.50) No

Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60, BP 7.60, OP 7.60) No

OP 4.01 (Environmental Assessment)

The OP 4.01 is triggered because there are potential negative environmental impacts and risks associated with the physical investments under Components B and C of the Project. The provision of new facilities or upgrading of existing infrastructure (i.e. new fishery monitoring and control stations, upgrading of water supply and drainage systems for aquaculture farming areas, establishment of new hatchery areas, upgrading of existing landing sites, fishing ports and fish

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markets) will have some localized socio-environmental impacts (i.e. increased level of dust, noise, disturbance to local traffic and communities etc.) during construction phase. There are also environmental risks, such as water pollution, associated with the provision of new hatchery areas during its operation phase. These potential impacts are predicted at low to moderate levels and can be mitigated through design, construction and operation practices. Therefore, the Project has been proposed to be Environmental Category B.

This ESMF has been prepared to introduce a screening mechanism to exclude the activities that have potential significant adverse socio-environmental impacts, to assess the potential socio-environmental impacts of the sub-project to be financed under CRSD, to recommend mitigation measures as well as plans for the implementation, monitoring and reporting.

OP 4.04 (Natural Habitats)

The Project will be implemented in coastal zones and estuaries (brackish waters). Under Component B, co-management of local fishery resources involves the management of fish habitats and some spawning grounds of specifies that mostly believed to have economic values. Screening for the presence of rare/endangered species will be conducted for each community co-management area. Sustainable management plans will be developed and implemented during project implementation including protection of rare/endangered species. No new conversion of land into aquaculture ponds will be allowed under the project.

OP 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement)

Small-scale acquisition of private land and/or other assets may be required for upgrading infrastructure schemes, thus triggering the Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12). The project will avoid land acquisition as much as possible by exploring various design options to minimize the impact of land acquisition on local people. The project will exclude any subprojects that require large scale land acquisition or involuntary resettlement. The screening tools provided in Appendix 1 have been designed to screen out and exclude subprojects that would require large scale resettlement or land acquisition.

A Resettlement Policy Framework has been prepared for the project in accordance with the Bank’s OP 4.12 and also with relevant Vietnamese laws. It provides the steps for preparation, review, and clearance of resettlement action plans (RAPs) for subsequent subprojects. During project implementation, if land acquisition is required, a full or abbreviated resettlement action plan (RAP) will be prepared based on the RPF, and will be implemented after Bank approval. The RPF will be disclosed locally and through the Bank’s InfoShop before the start of appraisal. In consideration of the capacity of implementing agencies in the first year, the PCU and PPMUs have conducted a detailed screening to exclude all the first year activities that require land acquisition.

The Project plans to improve marine resource management through participatory fishery co-management which the local fishing communities will be assumed collective rights and responsibilities related to near shore fisheries resources and will be enabled to apply these in ways to sustain their long term livelihoods. However, the project will not establish any new protected areas. To mitigate the impact on poor fishers resulting from implementation of co-management regulations, the project will facilitate the participation process to ensure their voices are heard and they will participate equally in the decision making. An additional budget will be allocated to each poor fishing community to finance their additional needs as an integral part of the co-management plan.

OP 4.36 (Forestry)

The project has no plans to invest or cause forest harvesting or forest management in the project area. Therefore OP 4.36 is not triggered.

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OP 4.09 (Pest Management)OP 4.09 is not triggered since the project is not importing or promoting the use of pesticides in the project activities.

OP 4.11 (Physical Cultural Resources)

The project will ensure that there is no significant impact on any known cultural properties through screening for Physical Cultural Resources of subproject (Components B and C) to exclude any site that could have significant impact on cultural properties. If any cultural resources are identified at a later stage, chance finding procedures presented in this report will be followed.

OP 4.10 (Indigenous Peoples)

The project would also trigger the Bank policy on Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10) as there are ethnic minority (EM) communities living in some of the project areas (i.e. Khmer, Chinese, Tay, Muong, Hmong, Ede, Thai, etc.) in Soc Trang, Ca Mau, and Khanh Hoa provinces. Activities supported by the project are expected to have a positive impact on the EM communities by improving their access to sustainable farming technologies, reducing aquaculture disease risks, and improving management of coastal resources, thereby sustaining their livelihoods.

The project’s Social Assessments included free, prior and informed consultations with the EM communities, and the project design received broad support from the EM communities. An Ethnic Minority Policy Framework (EMPF) for the project has been prepared in accordance with Bank OP 4.10, which will guide the preparation of Ethnic Minority Development Plans (EMDPs) during implementation to ensure a high participation of local EM communities in the design and implementation of project activities at local levels and that local EM communities in the project area will receive benefits from the project in a way that is culturally appropriate to their cultural and social values. The EMDF will be disclosed locally and through the Bank’s InfoShop before the start of appraisal. An additional budget is allocated to each EM commune to finance their additional needs through participatory preparation and implementation of an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) for the commune. EMDPs will be prepared in the first year and implemented in the following years.

The last three safeguard policies, OP 4.37, OP 7.50 and OP 7.60 will not be triggered by the CRSD.

3.2 Vietnam’s Legislation for Environmental Assessment

The following Vietnamese laws, decrees and standards are applicable to the Project:

Laws

Environment Protection Law 52/2005/QH11 passed by the National Assembly dated on 29/11/2005 regulating responsibilities of individuals and organizations regarding environmental protection.

Fishery Law 17/2003/QH11 passed by the National Assembly dated on 26/11/2003, effective from 1 July 2004.

The updated Law on Land Management dated 26 November 2003. The Law on Water resources no. 08/1998/QH10 dated 20 May 1998 The Law on traffic and transportation No. 23/2008/QH12 The Law on construction No. 16/2003/QH11

Decrees and Circulars

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Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated August 9th, 2006 by Vietnamese Government on detail regulations and guidance on the implementation of some Articles of the Environment Law.

Decree No. 29/2011/NÐ-CP dated 18 April 2011 regarding regulations on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impacts assessment and environmental protection commitments

Decree No. 25/2009/NĐ-CP dated 6th March 2009 on integrated management of coastal resources and environmental protection

Decree No. 27/2005/NĐ-CP dated 8/03/2005 with detail regulations and guidelines for the implementation of the Law on Fishery.

Decree No. 73/2010/ND-CP on administrative penalization security and society issues Decree No. 59/ND-CP on management of solid waste Decree No. 1338/NĐ-CP on technical guidelines for construction within weak foundation

area Decree No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on regulation of construction safety; Circular No. 26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18 July 2011 detailing some articles of Decree no.

29/2011/ND-CP dated 18 April 2011 regarding regulations on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impacts assessment and environmental protection commitments

Circular No. 01/2000/TT-BTS dated 28/4/2000, supplement Circular No. 04 TS/TT dated 30/8/1990 - Appendix 1 regarding allowable limits of impurities in sea water and coastal fishery production areas.

Directive No. 01/1998/CT-TTg regarding forbidden of the use of explosive, electrical and toxic substances for fishery exploitation.

Decision No. 06/2006/QĐ-BTS dated 10/04/2006 with regulations on safe management of prawn farming areas and farms.

MONRE Technical regulations on the preparation/adjustment on planning for marine and island natural resource exploitation and environmental protection, issued as an attachment to Circular no. 19/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 10 June 2011.

Instruction No. 02 /2008/CT-BXD on safety and sanitation issues in construction agenciesAmong the above legislations, the Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP details some regulations that the project has to directly cross-reference as discussed below:

Appendix I of the Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP specifies that SEAs are compulsory to the followings strategies and Plans: SEA in the form of integral parts of master plan/strategy:

Strategy, Socio-economic master plan at national level National sectoral strategy, master plans Integrated catchment master plan that involves multiple provinces

SEA in the form of separate report: Socio-economic master plan for: (i) economic zones, focused economic zones,

economic corridors; (ii) provinces that directly managed by central government. Interprovincial/interregional land use plans, forest protection and development,

Exploitation and Usage Plan of other natural resources; (iii) and other strategy/plans directed by the National Assembly or the Government.

Appendix II lists the projects that requires EIA be prepared.

Appendix III lists the projects of which EIAs are subjected to MONRE appraisal and approval. Below are most relevant to the proposed projects:

Projects that use land of national park, natural reserve, world heritage, national historical/ cultural/landscape, biosphere conservation sites, except those using less than 20 ha of land in the buffer of biosphere conservation sites;

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Projects that require conversion of watershed protection forests, waves/wind/sand blowing protection forests, from 20 ha of specialized forests or from 100 ha of other natural forests, from 20 ha of two crops rice field land, from 100 ha new aquaculture farms on sandy soil;

Projects implemented in areas covering more than one province.

Standards

TCVN 5937-2005 – Ambient air quality standard

QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT – Surface water quality standard

QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT – Water quality – coastal water quality standard

QCVN 14 : 2008/BTNMT – domestic wastewater – allowable limits of pollutants

QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – National technical regulation on quality of surface water

QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the pesticide residues in the soils;

QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils; TCVN 6774:2000 – water quality – freshwater quality for aquatic lives

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater

QCVN 10: 2008/BTNMT: Coastal Water Quality;

QCVN 02-15: 2009/BNNPTNT: Food safety, biosecurity and environmental mitigation measures for Fishery seeding:;

TCVN 5308-91: Technical regulation on safety in construction;

TCVN 7222:2002: General requirements on waste water treatment plants;

TCVN 4447:1987: Earth works-Codes for construction

Chance find procedures

Law on Cultural Heritage (2002) Law on Cultural Heritage (2009) for supplementary and reformation Decree No. 98/2010/ND-CP for supplementary and reformationInternational Treaties UN treaty on Sea Law 1982;

4 Typical Sub-projects and their Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts

4.1 Potential socio-environmental benefits of CRSD Subprojects

With the baseline information about the project area and the fishery sector presented in Annex B of the ESMF, environmentally and socially beneficial impacts are likely to represent a substantial portion of CRSD subprojects. The benefits of proposed subprojects are long-term rather than short-term, and, if successful, should not be limited to the members of village communes involved in the project activities. They should be easily adopted by other fishing and aquaculture communities (scaling up of the subproject through possible provision for field visits and plans for other farmers involved in such activities in neighboring communities).

Reduce soil and water pollution through GAP promotion. The use of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) and best management practices (BMP) should not only allow for increase in farmers’ income, but also allow for reduction in discharge of polluted waters and sediments into the water bodies. Therefore, in the long term the project should contribute to improvement in water quality of the project area. The use of GAP and BMP principles and introduction of biosecurity practices

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and disease free seeds should also provide a conductive environment for making the ponds less hospitable to pests and diseases, thereby reducing the use of antibiotics and chemicals in aquaculture.

Other positive impacts: Subprojects are also expected to produce positive socio-economic and environmental and social impacts that include:

Improved productivity in aquaculture ponds (intensive, semi-intensive and poly-culture) and better management activities in general will lower the demands on expansion of aquaculture land and related coastal resources, contribute to reduction in the pressure on near-shore catch, fishery resources become more sustainable;

Raising environmental and social awareness in fishery resource management and conservation and for benefited communities;

Expected increased income and higher living standards, including better nutrition;

Fishermen have access to fishery facilities with improves sanitary and environmental conditions, which helps to reduce occupational health risks; enhance the quality and value of fish production; and reduce physical losses. The scope of improvement work at each site will vary depending on the actual conditions and requirements at each fish landing site;

Value added produce through processing, better handing of produce, and better marketing strategies;

Improved quality of locally produced fish, shrimp, and other locally produced seafood (muscles, crabs, oysters, lobster, seaweed, etc.) through the use of GAP principles, introduction of disease free seeds, and use of better hygiene, handling, processing, and distribution of products to the local and export markets;

Increase in number of veterinary officers and veterinary laboratory in project provinces. The lack of adequate veterinary staff and working animal health laboratory in project provinces prevents the Fishery Department having access to necessary information with regard to animal diseases. The proposed rehabilitation and restocking of the laboratory should allow the DARD veterinary staff to perform their duties more effectively;

Rehabilitation of infrastructure. High marketing costs are partly related to the lack of rural infrastructure, including poor condition of landing sites and fishing ports, poor storage facilities, lack of ice making equipment, fish sorting area, clean water etc. By supporting the improved facilities and infrastructure at landing sites, the project will be able to reduce costs and loss of fish quality, thus helping farmers to access markets more readily, increasing profit margins for farmers, and contributing to reduction of rural poverty.

CRSD would also generate environmental and social benefits through a variety of other mechanisms, including: Improved awareness and concern for environmental and social issues on the part of

beneficiaries, local communities and districts;

Training of MARD and DARDs’ senior staff as environmental and social management specialists and aquaculture extension staff at DARD in environmental and social screening, thus increasing the availability of staff conversant with environmental and social issues throughout project provinces;

Awareness raising among senior government staff on benefits of adopting environmental and social principles in sustainability of development projects, thus assisting in main streaming environmental and social issues in project planning and implementation.

4.2 Potential negative Socio-environmental impacts of CRSD subprojects

Most of the civil works financed under the CRSD are of small to medium scale. These include: (i) construction of water supply, drainage and wastewater for existing farms used for GAP demonstration and similar works for existing hatchery areas under Component B; (ii)

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construction of around 30 monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) field stations and construction of new public infrastructure (electricity, water supply and drainage systems) needed for upgrading land sites, fishing ports, and fish markets under Component C. Unless the project sites are located in environmental sensitive areas, the potential negative socio-environmental impacts of these proposed works would occur temporarily during construction phase only. They are mostly localized and manageable, such as:

Dust generation and air pollution Impacts from noise and vibration Water pollution Drainage and sedimentation Solid waste Disruption of vegetative covers and ecological resources Traffic management Interruption of utility services Worker and public safety Communication with local communities

For existing aquaculture farms and hatchery areas, the project would help to reduce environmental pollution risks from the operation of these facilities associated with food and chemical residues, and other wastes from aquaculture. If the project supports the establishment of any new aquaculture facilities, Environmental Management Plan will be prepared to address potential impacts in both construction and operation phases, particularly waste and wastewater management issues.

For the works under Component C, which include the upgrading of existing landing sites, fishing ports and fish markets, where the main focus would be on clean water supply, building shelters against typhoons, solid waste collection and wastewater treatment without altering the designed capacity of the facilities, the potential impacts would be similar to the impacts of small civil works listed above. If dredging is involved, other risks and issues would be arisen. These could be: (i) water and soil pollution related to disturbance of sediment layers and disposal of the dredged materials; (ii) nuisance related to temporary disposal and transportation of dredged spoils; and (iii) safety risks at dredging areas and disposal sites.

The above potential impacts can be mitigated by engineering solutions incorporated into the design of new facilities, standard construction practices and sound dredging management plans implemented during construction, and the implementation of GAP in aquaculture farms operations supported by the Project, as detailed in Section 5 below.

5. Mitigation of potential negative Socio-environmental impacts of CRSD subprojects

5.1 Avoid Negative Impacts from Site Selection – Exclusion list

Site selection plays important role in any projects with physical investments. The CRSD would cause adverse potential environmental impacts if subprojects are implemented in areas of critical importance such as national parks, biological conservation areas, protected forests or areas of historical values. To avoid potential adverse potential socio-environmental impacts related to site-selection, subprojects under the CRSD will be screened for their environmental eligibility. The subprojects that potentially adversely affect areas of biological importance, conversion of site with valuable landscape, removal of objects with historical/religious appreciation, or conversion of mangroves into fishponds regardless of the size will be excluded from CRSD financing.

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The criteria for exclusion of subprojects has been developed with reference to Annex III of Decree No.29 (listing the projects subject to appraisal by MONRE) as detailed below:

(a) Subprojects that use land of national parks, natural reserves, world heritage, historical/cultural sites, nationally protected landscapes, biosphere conservation sites;

(b) Subprojects that cause conversion of forests including mangrove forests, watershed protection forests, waves/wind shield forests, etc., to fishponds or other land uses;

(c) Subprojects that cause conversion of two-crop rice field land with high productivity;(d) Aquaculture on sand subprojects using 100 ha of land; and(e) Subprojects having project sites in more than one province.

The Eligibility Screening Form is introduced in Annex C of this ESMF.

5.2 Mitigation Measures

Design:

For existing facilities, improving waste and wastewater management practices in the existing facilities has already been one of the focuses of supports given by the Project. For new facilities, engineering design will also include solutions to address solid waste and wastewater management requirements.

Construction and Operation:

A set of detail mitigation measures has been recommended for mitigation of the potential negative impacts of the Project and attached to Annex D of this ESMF. These include:

- Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) for civil works in CRSD Project, adapted from the original scandalized ECOP developed for small-scale civil works financed by the World Bank in Vietnam.

- ECOP for Food Security, Biosecurity Environmentally Sound Seed Production Farms (Hatchery) QCVN 02-15: 2009/BNNPTNT.

The ECOPs will be incorporated into construction and construction supervision bidding documents and contracts.

Specific Guidance on Environmental Management for subprojects involving Dredging works

Characteristics of sludge/sediment must be determined by sampling and analysis prior to construction commencement.

Contractor shall prepare a Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) and submit to Construction Supervisor and WB for prior review. The SEMP shall include time schedule, method statement to meet the requirements of traffic safety, public health and environmental sanitation etc. The contractor shall ensure that:

o Dredged material management plans incorporate environmental considerations in the identification of short-term and long-term disposal alternatives, consider methods to reduce dredging, and maximize the beneficial use of dredged materials.

o Disposal sites at locations and land areas appropriate to the quantity and quality of the sediments must be identified in the approved SEMP.

o Plan for treatment of sludge that is heavily contaminated must be approved by DONRE before proceeding.

o If needed, disposal sites shall include a retaining wall.o Water drained from dredged materials should not be allowed to enter watercourses

without appropriate filtering or treatment (e.g. lime shall should be used to neutralize pH (pH=6-8) of water drained from dredged materials before being discharged into the environment).

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o Collected dredged materials have to be processed, as per Vietnamese regulations on waste collection, to ensure safe and environmentally secure transportation, storage, treatment and management.

o Those involved in handling of sludge should be specialized and have certification of sludge handling. Guidelines for certification of sludge handling are available in Circular No. 12/2011/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous substance.

o If access roads are needed, they must have been considered in the environmental assessment.

o Site de-watering and water diversions: In the case that dredging activities require that works are carried out within the watercourse, the work area must be dewatered to provide for construction in dry conditions. The sediment laden water pumped from the work area must be discharged using an appropriate sediment control measure for treatment before release to the environment.

o If landowners are affected by use of their areas for stockpiles or borrow pits, they must be included in the project resettlement plan.

6 Sub-project Environmental Safeguard Documents Requirements

6.1 Documentation Requirements

Safeguard documents of subprojects will be prepared, reviewed and approved in accordance with applicable existing Vietnamese environmental regulations (Decree no. 29/ND-CP dated 18 April 2011). The World Bank will also review a number of subproject environmental safeguard documents as indicated in Table 2 below:

Table 2. Subproject Environmental Safeguard Documents (ESD) requirements

Component/ Activity

(1)

Specific Investments

(2)

EA documentation requirements(3)

Compulsory contents to be included in ESD(4)

Review/ clearance by Vietnamese authorities(5)

WB review(6)

A - Institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable fisheries management

Integrated Spatial Planning (ISP), research supporting development of sector master plan

SEA not compulsory but encouraged by Decree no.29

The project apply good environmental practice, support SEA as part of ISP (TOR in Annex F)

B - Improved bio-security management

Water supply/drainage, waste water treatment(400 GAP on-farm demonstration sites using existing farms).

EPC (Environmental Protection Commitments)

ECOPs

(Annex D)

DPC Post review, random

B - Improved seed quality management

Assist 100 existing small-scale hatcheries in upgrading bio-security infrastructure;

Support the establishment of a dedicated, bio-secure shrimp hatchery area.

EPC may be required.

Decree 29, Annex II: If new hatchery with total land area >10 ha (industrial farming or on sand), or >50 ha (traditional

VIETGAP.

ECOP.

Design included waste and wastewater collection and treatment.

PPC Prior review of all TOR for EIA.

Prior review of draft EIA of first subproject in each province.

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farming, EIA approved by PPC would be required, otherwise EPC required.

B - Improved environmental management

Strengthen the capacity of DONREs in water quality monitoring

N/A N/A N/A N/A

C - Co-management of near-shore capture fisheries

Establishing/upgrading some 30 monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS) field stations.

New public biosecurity infrastructure (electricity, water supply and drainage systems).

EPC ECOP.

Design included waste and wastewater collection and treatment.

DPC Post random review.

C - Improving hygienic conditions and operational efficiency of selected fishing ports, land sites, and fish markets

Upgrade some 16 fishing ports, landing sites and 8 fish markets (i.e. solid wastes and wastewater treatment, provision of clean water, ice, shelter against typhoons, etc.).

EPC.

Partial/updated EIA/EMP required in some cases.

ECOP

Details required in the guidance for dredging works

DPC or PPC Post random review of EPC.

Prior review of updated EIA/EMP.

Below are some explanations for Table 2:

While the format of the documents to be prepared will follow Circular No 26/TT-BTNMT dated 18 July 2011, the annex of these subprojects documents will contain specific requirements indicated in column 4 of Table 2.

For existing landing sites/fishing ports, EIA or EPC reports should be prepared in accordance with the government regulations and approved by the relevant authority before the construction of these facilities. If an EIA or EPC has been prepared and approved before, during the preparation for upgrading works, updates of the existing EIA/EPC should be prepared. If the upgrading does not involve dredging, an ECOP as part of the updated EIA/bidding and contractual documents should be sufficient. Where dredging works is involved, testing of sediments for contaminants (i.e. Pb, Hg, Zn, As, Cd) should be required and an EMP should be prepared and subject to prior review of the World Bank.

For small works where EPCs are required, ECOP will be attached to EPC as an annex during the subproject preparation phase, and be included as part of bidding/contractual documents in the later stages.

Other than the subprojects discussed above, any subproject that requires an EIA be prepared, the Bank will carry out prior review of TOR for EIA and draft EIA reports and require an EMP be prepared. Guidance on Preparation of EMP is provided in Annex E of this ESMF.

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6.2 Subproject Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Requirements

Public consultation:

For subprojects where EIAs/EPCs/EMPs are required, public consultations with the local communities will be conducted as part of safeguard document preparation. The consultation should provide information on all relevant issues including:

The purpose of implementing the subproject; Results of the environmental evaluation and identified impacts and proposed mitigation

measures; and Discussing and addressing concerns raised by the affected organizations and people and

the way to incorporate those concerns into the subproject EIA/EPC/EMP.

The results of the public consultations should be summarized, preferably in tabular form and documented in the EIA/EPC/EMP report.

It is a good practice to continue consultation process during project construction and implementation to ensure that the public is fully involved and informed of environmental mitigation and monitoring activities of the project. The public can provide inputs for improving the proposed mitigation measures and to also ensure that their environmental concerns are fully addressed in the environmental management and monitoring activities. More details of the consultation process are provided in the World Bank consultation guideline3. Extensive consultation with affected people and ethnic minorities, if present, are required by the World Bank whenever the project activities require relocation, land acquisition, and livelihood of ethnic minorities.

Information Disclosure:

It is required by the World Bank to disclose all relevant safeguard information during the project cycle, including all the RAPs, EMDPs, and EMPs. Subproject EIA/EMP will be disclosed at the Bank and in project areas in public access during the preparation of the subproject.

It is a good practice to disclose all the relevant information at least 60 days before commencement of construction activities.

6.3 Detail guidance on the Steps to be followed by each subproject

The diagram below shows the steps to be followed once the requirement on safeguard documents required for a specific subproject has been identified.

Figure 1: CRSD Environmental Safeguard process

3 Consultation on investment lending: Guideline Note, World Bank, March 2010.

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LONG LIST of investments

ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING to determine eligibility (Step 1)

Exclude non-eligible subprojects from investment list

Using ESMF/Decree 29 to determine whether EIA or EPC is required for eligible subprojects(Step 2)

EPC is required: incorporate ECOP as an annex to EPC (Step 3a)

EIA is required: Send TOR for EIA to the Bank for comments and clearance (Step 3b)a) Send draft EIA to the Bank for comments and clearanceb) Prepare EMP

Implement EMP/ECOP and mitigation measures; Monitoring and reporting(Step 5)

Disclose final draft EIA and EMPs at commune level

Incorporate ECOP and EMP to bidding document & contracts (Step 4)

Below are the explanations for each step demonstrated in the above Figure 1.

Step 1: Environmental Screening to determine Eligibility:

To avoid adverse environmental impacts, an exclusion list is provided in Appendix C of this ESMF. The exclusion list identifies all subprojects that are considered as not being eligible for financing by the Project. The exclusion list ensures that all subprojects that do not comply with requirement of the GOV and the World Bank are removed from the subproject list.

Step 2: Determine EIA or EPC is required for a CRSD subproject

The eligible subprojects will be screened with reference to Table 2 in this ESMF to determine whether a subproject is required to prepare EIA or EPC.

Step 3: EPC and Subproject EIAs

Subprojects that EPC are required:

After step 2, if the determination is that the subproject is required to prepare an EPC, the PPMU will be responsible to ensure that relevant ECOP introduced in Appendix D of this ESMF is included in the EPC that will be subject to clearance by the relevant local authorities. The EPC should be disclosed at project communes prior to commencement of construction.

Subprojects that require preparation of EIA and EMP:

For subprojects that EIA and EMP are required, the PPMU should prepare TOR for an EIA and send it to the Bank for prior review and comments. Upon clearance by the WB, the PMU should proceed with recruitment of a consultant to prepare the EIA report and EMP that are subjected to approval by relevant local environmental authorities and clearance by the Bank. The EMP also includes relevant ECOPs.

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Public consultation should be conducted as part of the EIA process. For Category B equivalent subproject, affected community (representative of affected households in commune level) should be informed about the proposed subproject activities as well as potential socio-environmental impacts and mitigation measures. Affected community should be invited to raise their concerns and make suggestions and recommendations regarding potential environmental and social impacts and mitigation measures.

Disclosure of EIA/EMP:

The final draft of subproject EIA/EMP will be disclosed at commune level prior to construction commencement.

Step 4: Post EPC and EIA/EMP

For subprojects that EPCs are requires, relevant ECOPs should be incorporated in:

Bidding documents for construction and construction supervision; and Contracts for construction and construction supervision.

For subprojects that EIAs/EMPs are required, the above-mentioned bidding documents and contracts shall incorporate mitigation measures, monitoring plans and corresponding budgets committed in subproject EIA/EMP reports.

Step 5: Implementation of ECOPs, mitigation measures and environmental monitoring according to the EMP

Each PMU will be responsible for monitoring consultant and contractors in the implementation of the relevant ECOPs, mitigation measures and environmental monitoring to ensure compliance to EPC and EMP.

7 Monitoring and Supervision

The main objectives of environmental monitoring and supervision will be to:

Obtain information on environmental quality to assess the treatment effectiveness of the works provided by the project.

Appraise the adequacy of the ESMF/EIA with respect to the project's predicted socio- environmental impacts.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures proposed in the EMP, and recommend improvements in the EMP.

Water quality sampling and testing will be conducted either through contract with provincial environmental monitoring centers, or provision of equipments and other supports for DONRE to undertake the tasks. Sampling and testing of sediments will be part of EIA/EMP preparation assignment, otherwise part of construction supervision contract. Details on CRSD’s Environmental Quality Monitoring Program are presented in the Table 3 below:

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Table 3. Environmental Quality Monitoring Program

No Item Parameters Monitoring Location Monitoring Frequency Estimated Costs

1 Wastewater Quality

pHTurbidity TSSDOBODCODNH4+NO2

-

NO3-

PO4-

Total coliformFecal-Coliform

At the discharge outlets of 100/400 GAP demonstration models

For each location:

Once before construction (dry season).

Once in the dry weather during construction phase.

Twice in each farm in each crop (3 months interval) for the first two crops since GAP demonstration is started.

Total: about 6 samples/farm * 400 farms = 2,400 samples

(including tests for 11 parameters and transportation costs)

2,400 samples * 50USD/sample = 120,000 USD

2 Sediment CuZnCdPbAs

Dredging area, maximum 16 locations (existing landing site/fishing ports)

Once before construction;

3 samples at each locations.

16 locations * 300 USD/location = 4,800 USD

3 Water quality

pHDOTSS

At sediment disposal sites

Included in construction contract

Monitoring compliance with mitigation measures

The Construction Supervisors will carry out monitoring the contractors’ compliance with mitigation measures as part of day-to-day construction supevision works. The construction Supervisor shall:

Review and approve the SEMP; Supervise site environmental management system of Contractors including their

performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions;

Report on ECOP/EMP implementation status to PMU and prepare the environmental supervision statement during the construction period; and

Approve invoices or payments.

Detail TOR for the Construction Supervisors are included in Annex F of this ESMF.

8 Implementation Arrangements

8.1 Organizational Structure for Project Implementation

Institutional arrangements for project implementation, including for ESMF implementation is demonstrated in Figure 2.

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MARD (PCU)

Contractor

Construction Supervisors

WB

PPMUs

PPCDPC

Provincial Departments (DONRE)

FS/Design Consultants Extension service workers Farmers (benefited/ affected people)

Main monitoring/ advisory role

Environmental Consultant/ PMU Environmental Officer

Figure 2 – Organizational Chart

8.2 Responsibilities

The responsibilities of key stakeholders in ESMF implementation are listed in Table 4

Table 4. ESMF implementation responsibilities

No. Company/Unit Responsibilities

1 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD)/ Project Coordination Unit (PCU)

- Closely coordinate with local authorities to ensure the participation of the community during project preparation and implementation.

- In charge of reporting ESMF implementation to the World Bank and GoV.

- Recruit an Environmental Consultant Firm to assist PPMUs to implement ESMF and build environmental management capacity for PPMUs in the first two years of implementation.

2 Provincial Project Management Units

- Allocate one staff responsible for Environmental aspects of the project (TOR is attached in Annex F).

- With the assistance from local Environmental Consultants (recruited by PCU/MARD) in the first two years, PPMU will ensure:

Environmental documents be prepared, reviewed and disclosed to meet project requirements.

Appropriate mitigation measures are adequately incorporated into bidding documents and contracts.

Follow up with environmental safeguard issues raised by Construction Supervisors during implementation phase.

Report to DONRE or other relevant authorities on project environmental issues when required.

3 Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)

- Be responsible for supervising and monitoring all construction activities and for ensuring that Contractors comply with the requirements of the contracts and the EPC/EMP.

- Shall engage sufficient number of qualified staff (e.g. Environmental Engineers) with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction project management to perform the required duties and to

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No. Company/Unit Responsibilities

supervise the Contractor’s performance. - The TOR for the CSC shall be clearly stipulated in the contract signed

between CSC and PMU (draft TOR is attached to Annex F).

4 Contractor - Based on an approved EIA/EMP, the Contractor will be responsible for establishing an SEMP for each construction site area as required;

- Get all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc) following current regulations;

- Comply with ECOPs/EPC/EIA/EMP requirements.

5 Local authority and the Community

- Coordinate with PPMU/contractor to provide sufficient information about the project to affected/benefited communities;

- Take part in promoting community participation in monitoring CRSD environmental performance, and promoting community participation in co-management of fishery resources activities.

6 DONRE - Receive and verify environmental monitoring reports which are submitted by PPMU.

7 Public utilities (power, water supply, drainage and telecommunication)

- Coordinate with PPMU and Contractor in relocating underground works and implementing temporary connections at places which are crossed by proposed routes in order to ensure the continuous provision of basic services;

- Handle related incidents (electric cable fire and explosion, broken communication cables, broken water pipes, etc.).

9 Capacity Building and Training Requirements

The current institutional capacity of DARD and PPMU staff for implementation of most of the measures outlined in this ESMF is considered to be weak, particularly due to lack of staff in the natural resources and social sciences and inadequate resources to implement and monitor the envisaged environmental and social management requirements of the project related activities. The PCU and some PPMUs have prior experience in implementation of World Bank financed projects. The staff who has experience on safeguard management of these projects may not be available to be assigned as Safeguard Officer for CRSD Project as most of them would either be promoted or relocated. Therefore, the Project will require the services of a Safeguard Consultant firm, including environmental and social specialists, who will assist the PPMUs in familiarizing with ESMF requirements and provide on-the-job trainings for PPMU safeguard staff before they can manage the project themselves. The consultants will also liaise with the relevant agencies such as DONRE; provide support to the communities and villages through information dissemination, training, workshops, and identify institutional needs. The TOR for the Environmental Specialist is attached to Annex F of this ESMF.

10 Estimated Costs

Table 5 presents cost estimates for ESMF implementation, which will be part of the total Project Cost.

11 ESMF consultation

Public consultations were carried out under the Social Assessments (from April to June 2011) and the Environmental Assessment (in October 2011). Key participants included fishing communities and smallholder aquaculture farmers in the project area, central and local authorities, as well as mass organizations. The consultations aimed to explore the potential social and environmental impacts of the project so as to, on the basis of the findings, inform project design/intervention strategy, as well as develop appropriate safeguards instruments. The draft RPF, EMDF, and

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ESMF have been circulated to concerned ministries and project provinces to receive additional comments before finalization. A list of people consulted is included in Annex G.

Table 5. Estimated Cost for ESMF implementationItem Quantity Unit cost (USD) Total (USD)

1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Included in engineering design/ Construction contracts

2. Environmental Monitoring (sampling and testing)

Water (at all GAP demonstration sites)

Sediment (at all dredging sites)

Testing equipment for DONRE

2,400

16

50

300

120,000

4,800

(provisional)

3. Compliance monitoring All civil works Included in construction supervision contracts

4. Capacity building

Safeguard Consultant

Training activities Local staff each year 5,000

(provisional)

25,000

TOTAL 149,800 (USD)

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ANNEXES

Annex A - Detailed Project Descriptions

Annex B - Baseline Information

Annex C - Environmental and Social Screening Checklists for each Subproject

Annex D - Environmental Code of Practices

Annex E - Guidance for Preparation of subproject EMP

Annex F - Draft TOR for Environmental Specialist

Annex G - List of people interviewed during public consultation

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Annex A - Detailed Project Description

The CRSD project comprises the following four components: (A) institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable fisheries management; (B) good practices for a sustainable aquaculture; (C) sustainable management of near-shore capture fisheries; and (D) project Management, monitoring and evaluation.

Institutional Capacity Strengthening for Sustainable Fisheries Management

This component would support: (a) integrated spatial planning of coastal resources; (b) upgrading of the Vnfishbase, including the establishment of a knowledge management system for fisheries and environmental management; and (c) selected policy research for the new Fisheries Master Plan to 2020.

Activity A1: Integrated spatial planning (ISP) for coastal areas

ISP will be carried out for all coastal areas of the project provinces under the CRSD. It is a participatory and multi-sectoral planning tool for coastal areas to solve and prevent conflicts among resource users through balancing ecological, economic, and social goals toward sustainable development. In parallel with the ISP, the project provinces would also carry out Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) for the fisheries sector at the provincial level. Results from the ISP and the SEAs would provide the basis for fine-tuning the Sector Master Plan to 2020.

The project will provide necessary resources (about US$250,000 per province) to allow the PPMUs to carry out the ISP and the SEA in their provinces effectively, including, but not limited to, staff training, field surveys, resources and biodiversity assessments, workshops, and report preparation. The outputs of the ISP will help improve fisheries management in the project provinces through anticipating future demands and balancing the demands for development with the need to protect marine ecosystems and to achieve social and economic objectives in an open and planned way.

Activity A2: Upgrading of Vnfishbase system

The current software of the Vnfishbase will be reviewed and upgraded to include additional information and to link it with other databases of the ministry (i.e., aquaculture). The project would also provide essential missing infrastructure (i.e., computers, servers, internet lines, Local Area Networks, etc.,) and develop human resources (i.e., additional staff, training in data collection, analysis, reporting, etc.). Funds estimated at around US$1 million for MARD and US$100,000 for each province. The output of this Activity is the smooth operation of the new fisheries database system to meet EU regulations. A knowledge management system will also be developed as part of the upgraded database system to promote information exchange among provinces and regions in fisheries management.

Activity A3: Conducting selected policy research

The project would assist MARD and project provinces to carry out selected research to contribute to the new Master Plan. Funds to be provided are estimated at around US$0.6 million for MARD and US$50,000 for each province. The research themes for the first three year period have been identified (for both central and provincial levels), which include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) hatchery development strategy for coastal aquaculture to 2020; (b) sustainable planning for shrimp industry to 2020; and (c) research on alternative livelihoods for near shore fishers. Additional research topics for the remaining years will be determined during project

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implementation based on identified real development needs and lessons from project implementation during the initial years.

Good Practices for Sustainable Aquaculture

This component would support good aquaculture practices (GAP) through: (a) improved bio-security management at farm and farming community levels; (b) improved seed quality management; and (c) improved environmental management to support a sustainable aquaculture.

Activity B1: Improved bio-security management

The project would provide funds for upgrading about 45 rural infrastructure schemes (<US$300,000 per scheme) to improve bio-security conditions (i.e., water supply, discharge systems, solid waste and wastewater treatment systems) in major farming communities located in some 40 project districts; establishing around 400 on-farm GAP demonstration sites (around US$25,000 each) to provide technical training for about 10,000 farmers on GAP application; and strengthening some 40 provincial and district extension centers and 43 departments of animal health/aquaculture in disease diagnostics, surveillance, early reporting, and outbreak containments through the provision of technical equipment and training. It will also finance necessary technical assistance to MARD and the PPMUs to carry out GAP certification and technical monitoring. In addition to the technical assistance and training to assist shrimp farmers in adopting GAP to reduce disease risks, efforts will be made to encourage greater diversification of culture species and farming systems to reduce environmental risks of aquaculture in the project area.

Activity B2: Improved seed quality management

The project would provide funds to assist some 100 existing small-scale shrimp hatcheries in the project area through upgrading public bio-security infrastructure (i.e., wastewater treatments, clean water supply, etc.) to enable them to produce and/or nurse high quality seed. A hatchery standardization program will be introduced to regulate importation of domesticated broodstock, certification of wild broodstock and SFP seed. The project would also finance studies on hatchery planning for interested provinces. In Nha Trang (and where feasible), the project would support the establishment of a dedicated, bio-secure shrimp hatchery area which is designed to use only domesticated and SPF broodstock. It will provide the basic infrastructure for the new hatchery area in Ninh Van of Nha Trang (around US$3-4 million) and the province will call for private sector investments in hatcheries and operations. To develop national capacity in domestication and breeding improvement, the project will finance an initial (small) research breeding program carried out by the Research Institutes for Aquaculture No.1, 2, and 3 (estimated costs of US$1-2 million). The key output of this Activity would be the gradual replacement of poor quality seed by certified seed, thereby preventing diseases from entering production systems through infected seed produced from poorly managed hatcheries or poor quality broodstock.

Activity B3: Improved environmental management

The project would strengthen the capacity of DONREs to conduct regular risk-based water quality monitoring programs with a priority focus on GAP areas supported by the project. It would also provide them with necessary resources including incremental operating costs, additional technical equipment, and training for improved environmental monitoring and management in the project area (about US$250,000 per DONRE). Data and results from the monitoring activities will be disseminated to local authorities, concerned agencies, and farmers through DONREs and DARDs’ regular monitoring reports and websites. PPMUs will take

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appropriate action to mitigate the negative impacts of aquaculture activities based on the project’s ESMF.

Sustainable Management of Near-Shore Capture Fisheries

This component would support two key activities: (a) co-management of near-shore capture fisheries at the district and commune levels, together with the strengthening of monitoring, control, and surveillance systems (MCS); and (b) improvement of hygienic conditions and operational efficiency for selected fishing ports, landing sites, and wholesale markets to reduce local environmental pollution, reduce physical product losses, and maintain fishery product quality.

Activity C1: Co-management of near-shore capture fisheries

The project would facilitate the development and implementation of participatory fisheries co-management in about 140 selected communes in the project area through building on local experience of existing co-management arrangements, as well as those that are either community-based or government-facilitated. It would pay special attention to capacity building for local fishing communities (i.e., establishing fisher organizations, etc.) to assume new collective rights and responsibilities and to apply these in ways that sustain their long term livelihoods4. Funds will be allocated to support fisher organizations in implementing co-management plans 5 (about US$50,000 per community or US$100,000 per ethnic minority/poor fishing community). In Soc Trang’s coastal areas where most Khmer fishers live, the province will allocate public land to landless/poor fishers. The project would provide complimentary support in developing basic infrastructure (i.e., irrigation systems) to support agriculture production to generate additional income. Spouses and children would be also offered opportunities for vocational training on a demand-driven basis to enable them to find jobs at landing sites/fishing ports or other public works supported by the project.

Consistent with streamlining participatory co-management arrangements for fishing communities, implementation schedule will allow time for assisting the communities in the preparation of co-management plans. Stakeholder analysis would be carried out to define the type of support for participation, and help project beneficiaries get organized. Consultations would guide activities to be supported, and create opportunities to improve the incomes of vulnerable groups. A co-management consultation guideline has been prepared to guide project implementation.

The project would also support strengthening of the government’s monitoring, control, and surveillance systems (MCS). About 30 MCS field stations would be established and adequately staffed and equipped to work with the fisher organizations and assist them in enforcing co-management regulations, particularly at regional level. About 16 patrol boats (2 boats per province, < 400 CV) including communication equipment would be procured for the provincial Department of Capture Fisheries and Resources Protection (DECAFIREP), as well as some of speed boats for field MCS stations to strengthen their surveillance in the provincial coastal areas. Boat registration and licensing systems would also be strengthened with the involvement of local governments to limit the entry of new small boats, especially those below 50 CV.

Activity C2: Improving hygienic conditions and operational efficiency of selected fishing ports, land sites, and fish markets

4 The project does not plan to establish any new marine protected areas (MPAs)5

A participatory co-management plan will be developed by the local fisher communities to address their own needs for sustainable management of the near-shore fisheries resources in the area assigned to them. The funds could be used to finance technical assistance, training, communication equipment, surveillance, and operating costs for the co-management organizations.

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The project would upgrade about 16 fishing ports and landing sites and a few selected fish markets in the project area (US$2-4 million per scheme with the upgrading phased into 2-3 periods). The upgrading would focus on improving concrete landing facilities, ensuring clean water and ice supply, upgrading of grading/selling sheds, rehabilitating solid waste and waste water treatment systems, etc. These investments will serve to reduce environmental pollution, reduce physical product losses and maintain product quality and market presentation. The project would also assist in training and developing human resources and management skills to improve the operational efficiency of the upgraded sites. After upgrading of basic facilities, the government would call for investments from private investors to invest in logistic facilities as part of the complex fishing ports and landing sites.

In the first year, only the simplest works packages have been selected for implementation (e.g., schemes that have negligible or neutral environmental impact and do not require acquisition of private land and/or other assets). In the initial period, training will be organized for safeguards staff and technical assistance consultants will be recruited to assist the PCU and the PPMUs prior to proceeding with implementation of more complicated works in sequent years.

Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation

This component would support: (a) effective project management; and (b) strengthening institutional capacity at provincial, district and community levels to monitor and evaluate project activities and sustain project interventions.

Activity D1: Project management

The project would provide necessary training, equipment, facilities, and operating costs for the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) at the ministry level and the Provincial Project Management Units (PPMUs) at the provincial level to ensure that the project is implemented in accordance with the project implementation manual, including safeguards, financial management and audits, reporting and supervision.

Activity D2: Monitoring and evaluation

The project would provide necessary training, facilities, and operating costs for the PCU and the PPMUs to establish an M&E system for the project and carry out M&E activities in line with the Aligned Monitoring Tool (AMT) established by the Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI). M&E consultant(s) would also be recruited (as part of the TA package supporting project management) to assist the PCU and the PPMUs in setting up and handling M&E activities. Independent monitoring and evaluation consultants will also be recruited by the PCU when necessary to assess the effectiveness of the activities implemented under each component.

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Annex B - Baseline Information

A.1. Overview

Vietnam has tropical monsoon climate with 3,200 km of coastline and a dense river system. Thanh Hoa, Nghe An and Ha Tinh are the three project provinces located in the north central coast, Phu Yen, Binh Dinh and Khanh Hoa are the project provinces located in the south central coast, and Soc Trang and Ca Mau provinces are the ones located in the south coast of Vietnam. Table A.1 provide data on land use in project provinces.

Table A.1. Land areas in project provinces

Project province Total area

Agricultural land

Forestry land

Specialized land

Residential land Shoreline

(km2) (km2) (km2) (km2) (km2) KmThanh Hoa 11,133 2,457 5,660 673 502 102

Nghe An 16,491 2,501 9,159 532 202 82

Ha Tinh 6,026 1,175 3,398 343 82 137

Binh Dinh 6,040 1,381 2,592 253 78  

Phú Yên 5,060 1,284 2,506 276 654 189

Khanh Hoa 52,18 886 2,114 828 62 385

Soc Trang 3,312 2,058 114 233 60 72

Ca Mau 5,332 14,49 974 210 67 254

Total 58,613 13,124 26,574 3,214 1,112 1,221

Source: Statistic data of provinces, 2009

The basic demographic data and total population of fishery active household population by age and sex group is presented in Table A.2.

Table A.2. Population of the project regions and provinces

No. Region/ Province Population in 2009 Population over 15 years old working in fisheryMale Female Total

I. Central northern region 3%

1 Thanh Hoa 1,680,018 1,720,577 3,400,595

2 Nghe An 1,445,533 1,466,508 2,912,041

3 Ha Tinh 606,713 620,325 1,227,038

II. Central southern region 4.3%

4 Binh Dinh 724,624 761,841 1,486,465

5 Phu Yen 431,558 430,673 862,231

6 Khanh Hoa 571,632 585,972 1,157,604

III. Mekong delta 8.1%

7 Soc Trang 642,586 650,267 1,292,853

8 Ca Mau 606,606 600,332 1,206,938

(Source: Provincial statistics, 2009)

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A.2. Key findings from Social Assessment

A social assessment was made on 195 households by the social assessment team in three of the project provinces: Thanh Hoa, Khanh Hoa, and Soc Trang. The details of social assessment and statistical methodologies used are provided in the SA report (Social Assessment Report, June 2011). Below summarizes the key findings:

Demographic features. The average number of household member of the whole survey samples is 5.05 people, of which the fishing group (4.79) and the lowest income group (4.5) have the lowest figures. This figure of the survey area is much higher than that of the rural area in Vietnam (5.05 against 4.14) as recorded in the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2008. This indicates high pressure of livelihoods on coastal households and communities. The male percentage is a little bit higher than female percentage: 50.4% vs. 49.6% (Table 4.3). The group of people under 15 years old makes up 24.8%, the group of 15-55 years old: 66.3%, and the group of over 55 years old – 8.8%.

Education. In general, the survey areas have young populations, dependence rates are low, yet employment pressures are high. Illiterate proportion: 4.6%, one third finish primary education, another one third finish intermediate education, and 13.1% finish secondary education. 4.9% of HHs’ members have passed training courses from short-term courses to university training (3.2% have certificates of university and colleges). Of fishing laborers, 8.2% is illiterate, 36.9% have primary education attainment, 42.2% have intermediate education attainment, and 9.8% have secondary education attainment. Only 2.9% of laborers have received short-term or long-term vocational training, lower than that of laborers over 15 years old of the whole survey sample – 6.3%. Low education attainment and occupation skills as mentioned above is one of main obstacles for sustainable livelihood conversion.

Poverty. The average monthly income per capita of the total survey samples is VND 1,072,200, 2.68 times higher than the new poverty line of the country in 2011. Khanh Hoa province has the average income of nearly 2 times higher than the poverty line, and Soc Trang and Thanh Hoa provinces have the average incomes 2.9 and 3.1 times higher. Social stratification at the coastal region in 2011 is very wide and nearly equals to social stratification of the country as recorded in the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2008 (the average income of group 5 is 8.9 and 2.3 times higher than those of groups 1 and 4 respectively).

Economic Activities. The job structure in the survey samples in 3 provinces indicated that the fishing makes up a larger part of the main job, but total aquaculture-related jobs such as fishing and catching, farming, processing, service make up 62.7% of main jobs of all HH members who are working. In the secondary job structure of HH members at work, 22.0% related to the aquaculture jobs. The fishing group has 99.2% of members work in capture fishery, including fishery exploitation without boats. This means that children of fishing HHs usually follow their parents and it is one task of the CRSD project to help most of fishermen’s children to live sustainably on non-fishing jobs in order to reduce long-term pressure on near-shore fishery resources. 17.7% of laborers are women, working mainly in small jolly-boats in near-shore areas or catching without boats. In the survey samples, only 20% of HHs have agricultural land, 19.0% have lakes, ponds, and water bodies, 7.2% HHs hire land of various types and 4.1% HHs do not have residential land. Table A.3 shows the distribution of laborer’s main occupations.

Table A.3. Laborers’ main occupations (including all household members involving in laboring)

Mai

n oc

cupa

tion

Cul

tivat

ing

rice/

cro

ps

Bre

edin

g

Aqu

acul

ture

Cap

ture

fis

hery

Fish

ery

Fish

ery

serv

ices

Han

dicr

aft/

smal

l-sca

led

indu

stry

Con

stru

ctio

n

Trad

ing

The

Stat

e’s

Indu

stria

l

Oth

ers

Total samples 7.5 3.7 6.4 52.4 3.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 6.6 3.9 4.8 9.7

94.1% of ethnic minority HHs have fishing gear of various types. This implies that most of ethnic minority HHs carry out near-shore exploitation without boats. The ethnic minority fishing group also

25

has the lowest income because they mainly do near-shore fishing with small boats and manual utilities. Therefore, investment in off-shore fishing boats can be an alternative livelihood option of the CRSD project, in terms of incomes.

A.3. The Fishery Sector in Vietnam

Aquaculture has existed in Vietnam for a long time and its development is based on the experience of rural people and the available natural resources, resulting in differences in cultural practices in the northern, central and southern parts of the country. Aquaculture in Vietnam has been developing quite rapidly since 1970s, particularly the culture of fish and shrimp production for export that has been stimulated by the increasing interest among the rural population.

Capture fisheries and aquaculture in Vietnam are supplying approximately half of the animal protein for the population. Aquaculture production is currently contributing to about 30 to 40% of the total fishery production in Vietnam. In addition, aquaculture offers scope for employment in production and associated industries (such as processing and feed supply) thus making a contribution to increasing the living standards of the people. The development of aquaculture in Vietnam is based on the ecological systems of the country, for instance, mangrove and coral ecosystems and littoral and estuarine environments. Hydrological factors, climate and geography (including the effects of human beings) play major roles in the development of aquaculture. To keep production levels high and to ensure disease free aquaculture development in Vietnam, attention will need to be given to efficient utilization of water bodies, preservation of the aquatic environment and sustainable use of natural ecological systems. The problems of environmental conservation are becoming increasingly acute due to rapid aquaculture development and increase in pollution problems that are becoming increasingly more serious.

A.4. The Fishery Sector in project provinces

A.4.1 Thanh Hoa Province

Thanh Hoa province has six coastal districts and towns (183 communes) with about 1,230 ha of land (11.1% total land area of Thanh Hoa) and 1.07 million people (31.5% of the province’s population).

Fishery survey (2002) reported that 71 families, 190 sea fish species were found in coastal water of Thanh Hoa. Although being diverse in the number of species, the quantity of fishery in Thanh Hoa is not large. Thanh Hoa has 8,000 ha of land intermittently inundated with tides and 5,000 ha of coastal saline water surface which provides potentials for aquaculture development.

Aquaculture is one of the key economic sectors in Thanh Hoa. Total aquaculture water area is 17,739 ha in 2010, in which saline and brackish water is 7,700 ha and freshwater is 10,300 ha. Lạch Trường, Lạch Hới and Lạch Bạng are the three major fishery/aquaculture centers of the province, where landing stages and sheltering ports for fish boats have been built.

Total aquaculture productivity in 2010 is 74,409 tones, in which marine fishery accounts for 71,136 tonnes. Inland production is 2,913 tons. Currently 28,500 people are working in fishery sector, mostly based on experience and without proper training. The main challenges to the sustainability of fishery resources have been identified as: (i) an appropriate sectoral structure is not in place and low exploitation efficiency; (ii) rapid increase in number of fishing units in unexpanded fishing area contributes to the depletion of fishery resources; (iii) the application of unsustainable or even destructive exploitation methods and tools; (iv) low skills of labor force; and (v) post-harvesting maintenance is inappropriate.

A.4.2 Nghe An Province

Topographically, the province is divided by mountains, hills and rivers in northwest to southeast direction. The total length of rivers and streams in Nghe An is 9,828 kilometers. The largest river in Nghe An is the Ca (or Lam) river. There are four coastal districts and provincial towns in Nghe An including the Vinh City and 34 wards and communes having fishery as one of economic activities. Total number of fishing units is 4,321 units and 21,442 people have been involved. Area of aquaculture in Nghe An is 22,500 ha, in which 2,000 ha is saline and brackish water (2010).

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There are 267 fish species belonging to 91 families in the coastal area of Nghe An province. Fishery stock is estimated at 80,000 tonnes, in which offshore storage is 50,000 tones (62%). There are two known spawning grounds in Nghe An, i.e. the areas from Lach Bach to Lach Quen and Dien Chau.

The major challenges to fishery sector in Nghe An are: (i) limited capacity of the state authority; (ii) community participatory mechanism has not been in place in fishery management; (iii) limitations in alternative income for livelihoods; and (iv) poor fishery infrastructure.

A.4.3 Ha Tinh Province

Ha Tinh has 137 kilometers of coastal line, along which there are two major estuaries, and 7,261 ha of saline and brackish water surface for aquaculture, in which 3,403 ha are coastal ponds and lagoons and 704 ha of alluvial regularly inundated by tide. Survey data in the 1980s showed that there were 267 fish species belonging to 90 families. Fishery resource storage is estimated at 85,000 tonnes and allowable annual exploitable quantity is about 43,000 tonnes. There are 3,786 registered fishing boats in Ha Tinh and 13,717 people have been working on these boats.

The major challenges to fishery sector in Ha Tinh are: (i) inappropriate balance between near-shore and off-shore fishing units, with over 80% of fishing boats are of small capacity; (ii) the rate of immature or /mixed fish in each catch is high; (iii) lack of capacity from management authority and training for fishers.

A.4.4 Phu Yen Province

Topographically, Phu Yen is lowered from the west to the east, hills and mountains account for about 70% of the province’s total land area, and 30% is coastal delta. All rivers in Phu Yen originate from the Truong Son mountain range in the west, the Cu Mong range in the north and the Ca Pass in the south. The major rivers are the Ba, Ban Thach and Ky Lo rivers. Total water surface area is 25,050 ha.

Phu Yen province comprises of Tuy Hoa City, Song Cau Town and seven districts namely Dong Xuan, Tuy An, Son Hoa, Song Hinh, Phu Hoa, Dong Hoa and Tay Hoa.

Forests are allocated mainly in three districts of Sơn Hòa, Sông Hinh and Đồng Xuân. The Krong-Trai nature reserve in Son Hoa district with area of 13,808 ha. Although forest cover has increased, the quality has not been improved and watershed protection forest continued to be cut down. Biodiversity has been degraded due to forest fire, land use conversion, encroachment by local people, overexploitation and illegal wildlife trading. During the last 20 years, coastal erosion associated with flash floods, high tides and sea waves has occurred and led to the loss of natural habitats. Population growth also has created increased pressure on natural resources and the environment.

Marine biodiversity and wetland are mostly distributed in three coastal districts of Song Cau, Tuy An and Dong Hoa. Research shows that there are 33 plant species allocated in the wetlands along the coast. However, there is almost no natural mangrove left in the wetlands of Phu Yen. Only some scatterly distributed mangroves can be found along some channels, embankments or newly planted for landscaping and protection of aquaculture ponds. Biodiversity in the three large lagoons namely O Loan, Cu Mong and Xuan Dai has been degraded due to improper management, for example, the permit for industrial aquaculture companies to operate on these lagoons without any treatment, or the application of destructive exploitation methods. More information about the existing status of the wetlands in Phu Yen can be found from a report6 prepared under SEMLA project dated March 2009.

Natural acid sulphate soil occurred in Dong Hoa district (pH varies between 4.25 and 5). Environmental Status report prepared by Phu Yen DONRE recommended that the use of this soil for agriculture should be limited due to the presence of toxic substances such as SO4

2-, Al and Fe. However, the recommendations also specify that aquaculture is feasible if appropriate irrigation and drainage systems are in place.

A.4.5 Binh Dinh Province

6 “Điều tra đánh giá thực trạng các vùng đất ngập nước tiềm năng ven biển tỉnh Phú Yên và đưa ra giải pháp khai thác hợp lý, hiệu quả, bảo tồn và phát triển bền vững dựa vào cộng đồng

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Administratively, Binh Dinh province comprises of Quy Nhon City and 10 districts namely An Lao, An Nhon, Phu My, Phu Cat, Hoai An, Hoai Nhon, Tay Son, Van Canh, Vinh Thanh and Tuy Phuoc. 96% of the urban population and 95% of the rural population have access to clean water. The coverage of solid waste collection is 100% in Quy Nhon city and 70% in other smaller provincial urban centers.

There are four large rivers in Binh Dinh namely Kon, Lai Giang, La Tinh and Ha Thanh. Riverbeds are steep, the difference between flow rate in flood season and dry season is up to more than 1,000 times. Distribution of flow rate is uneven throughout the year, which is unfavorable for water use activities. The total river flow in three months of the flood season (October to December) accounts for 71% of the total average annual flow. With low vegetation cover, flooding, sedimentation and erosion have been issues in the province. Binh Dinh also has 123 reservoirs providing water for irrigation and other water use purposes. The three largest brackish lagoons in Binh Dinh are Thi Nai, De Gi and Tra O.

The combined sector of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture plays an important role in the province’s economy. During 2006-2009, the average annual growth rate of the sector is 7.3%, in which aquaculture, agriculture and forestry increased 11.1%, 6.3% and 1.4%, respectively. Anticipated annual growth rate of the aquaculture sector during the period from 2011 to 2015 is 10%.

Forest cover in Binh Dinh is 44.5% in 2010. During 2005-2009, the Forestry Development Project co-financed by the WB had been being implemented in Binh Dinh. Under this project 7,800 ha of land have been forested. Existing mangrove forests are mostly planted forests. There are 85 ha along the coast and 600 ha scatterly distributed in aquacultural farming area.

In recent years, the province’s economy has been in is a transition from agricultural-focused toward industry and services. Employment structure has been changed with decreased number of labors in agro-forestry-fishery sector and increased number of workers in the industrial, construction, commercial, and service sectors.

The Province’s Environmental report of Binh Dinh province identified current environmental challenges in the province, including uncontrolled exploitation of groundwater resulting in salinity intrusion; forest fire in dry season and deforestation for cultivation, illegal logging and wildlife trading; soil and water pollution from agrochemicals and urban solid wastes and wastewater; increased erosion potentials associated with conversion of land use from agricultural-forestry to residential/industrial land in hilly areas; coastal fishery resource depletion due to overexploitation and the application of destructive catching methods such as the use of explosive, high density light, small grid fishing nets.

Binh Dinh has 2,300 ha water surface that can be used for aquaculture. Industrial prawn farming on saline or sandy soil has been growing rapidly in recent years. However, as most of the ponds do not have wastewater treatment systems, direct discharge of untreated wastewater from prawn farms has been causing serious environmental pollution. Considerable quantity of solid waste containing unused feed, prawn waste, algae, organic residuals etc. generated from prawn farms has also been being disposed on sand dunes near the farms. In the long term, if no solutions are implemented to address such issue, coastal water quality would be degraded and causing adverse negative impacts on natural fishery resources.

There is a number of large lagoons in Binh Dinh namely Thi Nai, De Gi, Tra O. The Thi Nai lagoon (5,060 ha), with its high biodiversity value, is habitat of many species including water birds and migratory birds. Survey shows that the lagoon is home to a large number of species including 85 floating flora, 64 floating fauna, 181 benthic fauna, 136 algae and higher fauna, 100 mollusks, 14 prawn, 119 fish, 30 bird and two animal species. “Co Thia”, a rare species, has also been observed in this lagoon. The Thi Nai lagoon receives water from the Ha Thanh and Kon rivers as well as domestic wastewater from Quy Nhon city and nearby industrial zones. Overuse of the lagoon water for aquaculture has lead to water quality degradation. Water samples taken in 2008 have some parameters exceeding Vietnamese standard QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT column B. In the De Gi lagoon (1,580 ha), 15 plant species, five seaweed species, 39 fish species with economic values, 11 crustacean species has been observed. It is estimated that each ear 1,715 tones of seafood can be exploited from this

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lagoon. However, fishery resource has been being depleted (with an estimated decrease of 50-70 % compared to five years before) by use of destructive exploitation methods and water pollution from aquacultural activities operated in the lagoon. Agriculture management authority has promoted the participation of local people into the protection and development of fishery resource. Co-management model has been initiated for Thi Nai and De Gi lagoons. The Tra O lagoon (1,200 ha) is one of the 45 nationally planned inland protected water area (by 2025). 75 large plant species, 73 algae species, 52 floating fauna species and 65 fish species have been found in this lagoon. It is also habitat for three eel fish species, the “Chinh mun”, one of which is listed in Vietnam Red Book. However, fishery resource in the lagoon has been depleted in recent years with annual reduced catch of some fish species to 50 and 94%.

Aquaculture management authorities have carried out environmental monitoring in prawn farming areas and have informed farmers of the environmental consequences. The province also planned to plant 220 ha of mangroves, in which 60 ha will be planted at Thi Nai lagoon and 50 ha will be planted at De Gi Lagoon.

A.4.6 Khanh Hoa Province

Khanh Hoa is covered with mountains to the north, south and west and faces the sea to the east. The province has about 200 islands. Administratively, Khanh Hoa province consists of Nha Trang and Cam Ranh Cities, Ninh Hoa provincial town and Khanh Son, Khanh Vinh, Dien Khanh, Truong Sa, Cam Lam, Van Ninh districts. With many sites of beautiful landscapes and beaches, Khanh Hoa is one of the major tourist centers of the country. Well-known beaches are Nha Trang, Bãi Tiên, Dốc Lết, Đại Lãnh in the main land and those on the Hòn Tre island. Ecosystems found in Nha Trang are diverse; these are coral reef, wetland, mangrove forest, seaweed, estuary, island and coastal ecosystems. Hòn Mun island has the highest biodiversity, with about 350 coral species, which account for 40% of coral species presents in the world. Fishery reserve in Khánh Hòa is estimated at 150,000 tones and exploitable amount is about 70,000 tones. In addition to fishery species, Khanh Hoa is also home to a special bird species which provides high economic values and job creation related to the bird’s nest. Salt production is one of the economic activities in Khanh Hoa as salinity of sea water is high. The province has 186,500 ha of forest, of which 34% is protective forest and 1.2% is specialized forest. Most of the protective forests are distributed in mountainous areas.A.4.7 Soc Trang Province

Soc Trang is one of the 13 provinces located in the south of the Haul (a major branch of the Mekong river). The province comprises of Soc Trang City and 10 districts of Châu Thành, Kế Sách, Mỹ Tú, Cù Lao Dung, Long Phú, Mỹ Xuyên, Ngã Năm, Thạnh Trị, Vĩnh Châu, Trần Đề.

Total land area of 3,311 square kilometers, of which 49.5% is saline soil. Acid sulphate soil occurs in the western districts (Thạnh Trị, Mỹ Tú, Vĩnh Châu and Mỹ Xuyên) and accounts for 23.7% of the province’s land area. There are also 11,560 ha of low land that is inundated all year around.

Soc Trang is characterized by a dense system of rivers and canals. Along the coast, there are three major river mouths including Tran De, Dinh An and My Thanh. A relative large area (11,000 ha) is composed of alluvial exist along the coast, which is about 5 to 7 kilometers wide during low tides. Though such alluvial ground has not been taken as part of the province’s total land area, intensive aquaculture activities have been carried out in that area. Along the estuaries, there are a number of landing sites for fishing boats.

Environmental Monitoring during 2006-2010 shows that surface water quality in Dinh An, Tran De and My Thanh rivermouth has signs of being polluted with organic matters which tend to increase from year to year due to the impacts of aquaculture, fishery exploitation and seafood processing at landing sites. Monitoring data in 2009 show that BOD was 1.39 to 3.99 times higher than limits, and COD was 2.26 to 4 times higher than limit. Mỹ Thanh and Trần Đề are the two sites badly polluted. Major sources of pollution are industries, urban solid wastes and wastewater, irrigation (which promotes salinity intrusion), agricultural and aquaculture activities, and waterway transportation.

29

Coastal water quality remains good, except that in Vinh Chau where COD was monitored at 9.34 to 39 times higher than allowable limits and some heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cr6+ have also been detected.

Agricultural production, with 95% of total land area in Soc Trang, is the main economic sector. Total land area being used for aquaculture is 65,189 ha (2007). Among the eight districts, Vinh Chau and My Xuyen have the most aquaculture land, which accounts for 45% and 32% of the province’s total aquaculture land, respectively. Typical aquaculture activity is prawn farming in combination with rice field. In recently years, losses in aquaculture have happened frequently due to improper farming techniques, including improper treatment of farming ponds.

It is estimated that wastewater generated annually from prawn farming in Sóc Trăng is 8.69×106 m3

by 2015 and 14.28×106 m3 by 2020 (DONRE Environmental Status report, 2010). Only 25 - 30% of feed has been absorbed, the rest is mixed in water and causes water pollution.

Coastal forest of Soc Trang is allocated along the narrow strip of land from Vinh Chau to the Hậu rivermouth with high biodiversity. There used to be about 20 plant species which belong to 16 families, mostly mangroves, eucalyptus, mắm, bần, etc. Waterfowls, mammals, etc. were also found.

Pictures: Mangrove Ecosystem in Soc Trang(Source: DONRE, 2010.)

However, in recent years, over exploitation of natural resources and severe erosion in Vinh Chau district have led to reduction in the area of mangrove forest and affect biodiversity.A.4.8 Ca Mau Province

Ca Mau has 80,000 square kilometers of seawater surface. This is the only one province in Vietnam that is exposed to the sea on the east, south and west. Administratively, the province is divided into nine administrative units including the Cà Mau city and eight districts of Thới Bình, Trần Văn Thời, U Minh, Dam Doi, Cái Nước, Phú Tân, Năm Căn and Ngọc Hiển.

There are six types of soil in the province: (i) Acid sulphate soil, 280,000 ha, accounting for 52.5% of the province’s total land area; (ii) Saline soil, 212,900 ha, or 40% of Ca Mau’s total land area. The remaining types of soil in Ca Mau are alluvial, pit coal soil, yellowy-reddish soil and sandy soil.

There are two main types of forests in Ca Mau, which are mangrove forests (62,436 ha or 63%) and acacia (malaleuca 36,156 ha or 36.46%), the remaining 0.58% are forests on islands. The existing mangrove forests in Ca Mau are mostly allocated in Ngoc Hien, Nam Can, Dam Doi and Phu Tan districts, and malleuca are mostly found in Tran Van Thoi and U Minh districts. These are the two typical types of forests with high biodiversity found in the Mekong delta.

Particularly, Ca Mau also has the Mui Ca Mau National Park with an area of 41,861 ha, and the U Minh Ha National Park with area of 8,527 ha. They are frequently inundated with brackish water and of high biological diversity. On 26 May 2009 UNESCO recognized these two national parks as the World Biosphere Conservation Zones.

Ca Mau province has promoted reforestation during the last few years. In 2010, 2,018 ha have been reforested. Fire prevention has been improved and the number of cases violating forestry law has reduced. However, below are the main existing challenges:

- Afforestation of production forest brings limited economical efficiency as there are limited market opportunities for unprocessed mangrove and acacia timbers.

30

- Low wages of staff working for the forest management authority.- The farmers living in buffer zones of specialized forests or have been contracted for forest

management are mostly poor households and do not own either residential or agricultural land.

- High demand for investments in fire prevention and anti forestry law violations.- The land plots available for forestation are small and scatterly distributed which make it

inconvenient for survey and plantation and lead to high cost of afforestation.

There are 175 fish species which belong to 77 families in the sea area surrounding Ca Mau. This area is also rich of other aquatic species which are favorable for aquaculture activities. Currently, fishery resource in the area has been under pressure from overexploitation over a long time period. Environmental pollution, narrowing down of spawning ground around the coast, application of destructive exploitation methods (explosive, electric shock, catching in breeding season or the use of small grid fishing nets, etc.) have been major challenges to fishery resources.

Ca Mau province has 296,300 ha of aquaculture land in 2010, in which the area of prawn farms is 266,600 ha. Dam Doi and Thoi Binh are the two districts that have the most aquaculture land. Aquaculture plays an important role in the province’s economy as it provides tens of thousands of jobs and is source of income to local people. Total fish catch and production is 320,000 tons per year.

By 2011, there are 5,097 fishing units in Ca Mau. Engine units having capacity of under 90CV account for 73%. Together with this high rate of small fishing units, illegal use of irrelevant exploitation tools and application of destructive exploitation methods have been exerting high pressure on fishery resources along the coast. Average production from each catch tends to be reduced, and the rate of small/mixed fish is high. Some fish species having high economical values are being threatened.

Other constraints that contribute to poor management of fishery resources in Ca Mau have been identified as below:

- Limitations in capacity, human resource and working facilities of coastal inspectorate authority (belong to DARD).

- Lack of co-management mechanism for fishery resources.- Lack of alternative income options for local labors.- Fishery infrastructure is in poor conditions.

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Appendix C - Environmental and Social Screening Checklists for each SubprojectFORM 1 – Socio-Environmental Exclusion Check List

Instructions:

With all subprojects proposed, PPMU Safeguard Officer will do screening of all subprojects under Components B and C to determine eligibility of subprojects.

+ Answer all questions for each subproject (Y/N) in the cell.

+ If one or more answers is Y, then fill NE (Not Eligible in the last row, and exclude the subprojects.

+ If all answers are “N”, then subproject is eligible for being financed under the CRSD Project.

*this form should be filled in and filed at PPMU Office, together with other safeguard documents.

Checklist Questions Subproject (answer Y/N)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ….

Will the subproject lead to conversion of land of natural importance, such as any national park, natural reserve, biosphere conservation area?

Will the subproject require removal of forests including watershed protection forests, mangrove forests, wind/sand blow prevention trees?

Will the subproject cause loss of habitats of a known endangered species?

Will the subproject cause conversion of existing two-crop rice field land having high productivity?

Will the subproject use 100 ha of land for aquaculture cultivation on sand?

Will the subproject sites cover more than one province?

Is the site of the proposed subproject under dispute?

Will the subproject lead to land acquisition in any site having cultural/historical values, or removal of cultural objects such as temples, pagodas, cemeteries, ancient graves, monuments, status, sacred trees, or any objects that are spiritually important to community?

Will the subproject result in clearing of wetlands or forested areas with a canopy cover of more than 10%?

Is the subproject located in or near national parks, natural habitats or sites used by threatened or endangered species?

Is the site of the proposed subproject on public land or on areas that are owned or customarily understood/agreed to be used by the subproject proponent?

Conclusion on Eligibility

Date Screened by (PPMU Safeguard Officer)

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Appendix D - Environmental Code of Practice (ECOPs)(Adapted for CRSD from standardized ECOPs for World Bank – funded small work project in Vietnam)

Part 1 – Contractor’s Responsibilities

ISSUES/RISKS MITIGATION MEASURE

1. Dust generation/ Air pollution

The Contractor implement dust control measures to ensure that the generation of dust is minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance by local residents, maintain a safe working environment, such as:- water dusty roads and construction sites; - covering of material stockpiles;- Material loads covered and secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust;- Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion.

2. Noise and vibration

All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise emission from poorly maintained machines.

3. Water pollution Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site for construction workers. Wastewater from toilets as well as kitchens, showers, sinks, etc. shall be discharged into a conservancy tank for removal from the site or discharged into municipal sewerage systems; there should be no direct discharges to any water body.

Wastewater over permissible values set by relevant Vietnam technical standards/regulations must be collected in a conservancy tank and removed from site by licensed waste collectors.

At completion of construction works, water collection tanks and septic tanks shall be covered and effectively sealed off. 4. Drainage and

sedimentation The Contractor shall follow the detailed drainage design included in the construction plans, to ensure drainage system is

always maintained cleared of mud and other obstructions. Areas of the site not disturbed by construction activities shall be maintained in their existing conditions.

5. Solid waste At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities. Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant

and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal. Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging

material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale. If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by

the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses.

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ISSUES/RISKS MITIGATION MEASURE

6. Chemical or hazardous wastes

Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company. Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in

holding tanks and removed from site by a specialized oil recycling company for disposal at an approved hazardous waste site.

Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant. Store chemicals in safe manner, such as roofing, fenced and appropriate labeling.

7. Disruption of vegetative cover and ecological resources

Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible. The Contractor shall remove topsoil from all areas where topsoil will be impacted on by rehabilitation activities,

including temporary activities such as storage and stockpiling, etc; the stripped topsoil shall be stockpiled in areas agreed with the Construction Supervision Consultant for later use in re-vegetation and shall be adequately protected.

The application of chemicals for vegetation clearing is not permitted. Prohibit cutting of any tree unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan. When needed, erect temporary protective fencing to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any

works within the site. The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place.

8. Traffic management

Before construction, carry out consultations with local government and community and with traffic police. Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing,

especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets. Installation of lighting at night must be done if this is necessary to ensure safe traffic circulation. Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic movement, provide directions to various components of the

works, and provide safety advice and warning. Employing safe traffic control measures, including road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous

conditions. Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hour. Signpost shall be installed appropriately in both water-ways and roads where necessary.

9. Interruption of utility services

Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions of water/power at least 2 days in advance.

Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible.10. Restoration of

affected areas Cleared areas such as disposal areas, site facilities, workers’ camps, stockpiles areas, working platforms and any

areas temporarily occupied during construction of the project works shall be restored using landscaping, adequate drainage and revegetation.

Trees shall be planted at exposed land and on slopes to prevent or reduce land collapse and keep stability of slopes. Soil contaminated with chemicals or hazardous substances shall be removed and transported and buried in waste

disposal areas.

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ISSUES/RISKS MITIGATION MEASURE

11. Worker and public Safety

Training workers on occupational safety regulations and provide sufficient protective clothing for workers in accordance with applicable Vietnamese laws.

Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition site around the construction area which showing potential danger to public people.

The contractor shall provide safety measures as installation of fences, barriers warning signs, lighting system against traffic accidents as well as other risk to people and sensitive areas.

If previous assessments indicate there could be unexploded ordnance (UXO), clearance must be done by qualified personnel and as per detailed plans approved by the Construction Engineer.

12. Communication with local communities

the contractor shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local communes, leader of villages) for agreed schedules of construction activities at areas nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days).

Copies in Vietnamese of these ECOPs and of other relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site.

Disseminate project information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc) through community meetings before construction commencement.

Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, project status and project implementation results.

Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate.

Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff, health and safety staff, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions.

13. Chance find procedures

If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall:

Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; Delineate the discovered site or area; Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive

remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture and Information takes over;

Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 hours or less);

Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to

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ISSUES/RISKS MITIGATION MEASURE

cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values; Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in

the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage;

If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Project’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site;

Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities; Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning

safeguard of the heritage.

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Part 2 – Contractor’s Workers Environmental Code of ConductsDO:

DO NOT USE THE TOILET FACILITIES PROVIDED – REPORT DIRTY OR FULL

FACILITIES CLEAR YOUR WORK AREAS OF LITTER AND BUILDING RUBBISH AT

THE END OF EACH DAY – use the waste bins provided and ensure that litter will not blow away.

REPORT ALL FUEL OR OIL SPILLS IMMEDIATELY & STOP THE SPILL FROM CONTINUING.

SMOKE IN DESIGNATED AREAS ONLY AND DISPOSE OF CIGARETTES AND MATCHES CAREFULLY. (Littering is an offence.)

CONFINE WORK AND STORAGE OF EQUIPMENT TO WITHIN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA.

USE ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND COMPLY WITH ALL SAFETY PROCEDURES.

PREVENT CONTAMINATION OR POLLUTION OF STREAMS AND WATER CHANNELS.

ENSURE A WORKING FIRE EXTINGUISHER IS IMMEDIATELY AT HAND IF ANY “HOT WORK” IS UNDERTAKEN e.g. welding, grinding, gas cutting etc.

REPORT ANY INJURY OF WORKERS OR ANIMALS. DRIVE ON DESIGNATED ROUTES ONLY. PREVENT EXCESSIVE DUST AND NOISE

REMOVE OR DAMAGE VEGETATION WITHOUT DIRECT INSTRUCTION.

MAKE ANY FIRES. POACH, INJURE, TRAP, FEED OR HARM ANY ANIMALS – this includes

birds, frogs, snakes, etc. ENTER ANY FENCED OFF OR MARKED AREA. DRIVE RECKLESSLY OR ABOVE SPEED LIMIT ALLOW WASTE, LITTER, OILS OR FOREIGN MATERIALS INTO THE

STREAM LITTER OR LEAVE FOOD LYING AROUND. CUT TREES FOR ANY REASON OUTSIDE THE APPROVED

CONSTRUCTION AREA BUY ANY WILD ANIMALS FOR FOOD; USE UNAPPROVED TOXIC MATERIALS, INCLUDING LEAD-BASED

PAINTS, ASBESTOS, ETC.; DISTURB ANYTHING WITH ARCHITECTURAL OR HISTORICAL

VALUE USE OF FIREARMS (EXCEPT AUTHORIZED SECURITY GUARDS) USE OF ALCOHOL BY WORKERS DURING WORK HOURS WASH CARS OR MACHINERY IN STREAMS OR CREEK DO ANY MAINTENANCE (CHANGE OF OILS AND FILTERS) OF CARS

AND EQUIPMENT OUTSIDE AUTHORIZED AREAS DISPOSE TRASH IN UNAUTHORIZED PLACES HAVE CAGED WILD ANIMALS (ESPECIALLY BIRDS) IN CAMPS WORK WITHOUT SAFETY EQUIPMENT (INCLUDING BOOTS AND

HELMETS) CREATE NUISANCES AND DISTURBANCES IN OR NEAR

COMMUNITIES USE RIVERS AND STREAMS FOR WASHING CLOTHES DISPOSE INDISCRIMINATELY RUBBISH OR CONSTRUCTION

WASTES OR RUBBLE SPILL POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS, SUCH AS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS COLLECT FIREWOOD DO EXPLOSIVE AND CHEMICAL FISHING USE LATRINES OUTSIDE THE DESIGNATED FACILITIES; AND BURN WASTES AND/OR CLEARED VEGETATION.

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ECOP- Food Security, Biosecurity, Environmentally Sound Seed Production Farms (Hatchery)

QCVN 02-15: 2009/BNNPTNTObjectiveThe objective of this Environmental Code of Practice (ECOP) is to establish the process and protocols for meaningful procedures to be followed at newly constructed hatcheries to ensure production of disease free seeds in an environmentally sound manner, following the food security and biosecurity principles.

Project siting: The hatchery should be located in area that is assigned to similar land use as per local land use master plan. The site should be located in a stable geological region with minimal evidence or potential for erosion or land slide. The hatchery location should be far from any developed area such as industries, chemical and food processing, or major residential areas. There should be a good access to the site for transport of products to the market. The site should have access to clean water and stable electricity power supply.

Equipments and tools management: Equipment and tools should be specialized for hatchery development and should be constructed of non-toxic and/or stainless Steel material. Farm houses, tanks, equipment and tools must be cleaned up and disinfected periodically and after each use. Cleaned tools should be dried

and placed in dry place.

Waste and wastewater treatment: Wastewater discharged from hatcheries shall meet Vietnamese water quality standard TCVN 6986:2001 and other applicable regulations. Domestic wastewater must be treated to meet the TCVN 6772:2000 standards. Solid waste must be collected, classified as hazardous and non-hazardous, and placed in safe containers (covered, water-proofed containers).

Waste bins should be located in areas with easy access by workers. Wastewater treatment tank must have cover and should be located away from production ponds and groundwater tanks to avoid cross

contamination. Drainage and sewage pipes should be enclosed and be easy to be periodically cleaned. Capacity of wastewater treatment system should be designed based on production capacity of the farm.

Storage: Storage areas should be divided into separate locations for storing feed, fertilizer, etc. The storage areas should be sealed to prevent attack

from insects and vermin. Shelves should be at least at 0.3 m high. Fuel storage should be located away from water supply and ponds and should also be equipped with portable firefighting equipment.

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Labor force: Equipped with relevant protective equipment such as goggles, gloves, protective cloth, hard hats, etc.

Raw materials: Feed material should meet hygiene standards. Only medicines, biological products, and chemicals that are used in feed production and are listed in the allowable list shall be used for

feeding the hatchery larvae.

Water supply: It is necessary to have one of the following sources of water in the area:

Tap water; Groundwater; Well water; Natural water from river or stream; or irrigation system with salinity levels below 5%.

In coastal areas there is a need for availability of: Sea water; Ground water; or Wastewater from salt field with salinity higher than 5%

Water quality requirements:Parameter Unit Allowable limits

for freshwaterAllowable limits for

saline water1 Salinity ‰ < 5 252 pH 6.5-8.0 7.5-8.53 Clarity cm ≥ 30 504 Hardness (CaCO3) mg.kg-1 500 55 DO mg.kg-1 56 Concentration of nitrate at: + pH = 6.5 and temp. = 200C

+ pH=8.0 and temp. = 200Cmg.kg-1

mg.kg-1 1.49 0.93 0.1

7 Total Fe in Fe(OH)2 or Fe2(OH)3 form mg.kg-1 0,5 Other parameters must meet TCVN 5943-1995 (coastal water quality standard)

8 Nitrate (NO3-) concentration mg.kg-1 509 Hg mg.kg-1 0,00210 Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 2011 Disease causing protozoa and parasites Numbers Non12 Anaerobic bacteria Numbers.ml-1 10

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Annex E - Guidance for Preparing EMP for Subprojects

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS UNDER THE CRSD PROJECTEMP preparation

In the following section a short process and technical guidelines for the preparation of EMP reports for subproject that will be proposed under components B and C are provided.

The EMP should be prepared at feasibility study stage for subprojects that are screened and are determined that need subproject specific EIA and EMP. The EMP should include the required mitigation measures for identified environmental impacts of the proposed subproject that should be implemented to address the public concerns and identified impacts of the construction, implementation and operation of the proposed subproject on both social and environmental aspects of the subproject. The EMP should be included as a part of the contract document and the contractor should be clearly notified that he/she will be responsible for implementation of all the mitigation activities identified in the EMP and relevant ECOPs and make sure that he/she is well aware of all the safeguard obligations and make sure that he/she is committed to comply with requirements of EMP and relevant ECOPs. The environmental supervisor and the PPMU will be responsible for supervision and monitoring of safeguard performance of contractor.

The details of how to prepare a subproject specific EMP is provided as Appendix …

Guideline for preparation of EMP report for Subprojects

This appendix is prepared as a technical guideline to provide the environmental specialists with the tools to prepare the EMP report for different subprojects that require EMP report for submission to the World Bank. Since most subprojects will require water quality monitoring as a part of environmental monitoring that should be included in the EMP, a guideline is provided in this appendix for water quality monitoring. Public consultation and public disclosure are also required by the World Bank and are considered mandatory. They must be conducted during preparation of subproject specific EMP and EIA/EPC (to be submitted to the Vietnamese relevant authorities). A short write up is also provided in this appendix regarding public consultation.

EMP Table of Content and OutlineTo assist the environmental specialist that is assigned to prepare EMP report for proposed subproject in 3, the following table of content (TOC) with short description of each major section of TOC is provided in this section. Environmental specialists should follow the format and fill the blanks according to the subprojects effects on social and biophysical environment. The words in bold and italics fonts are what should be included in the TOC, while the description and outline is provided in regular font.

Executive Summary

Every report should have an executive summary that should be prepared after completion of the EMP report to highlight major issues covered in the report in a condensed version. It is a very important section of the EMP since it is the part of the report that is read most often by decision makers and interested parties. The consultant should make every effort to keep the executive summary short 2 to 3 pages for a subproject specific EMPs).

Chapter 1: Introduction

In the introduction, the consultant should provide a brief description of the objectives of the EMP, the role of EMP that is to summarize the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the subproject EIA report, to present monitoring and institutional measures to be considered during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and to recommend actions that are

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believed to be necessary for implementation of proposed measures. It should also provide a description of how it is related to the ESMF and the subproject as a whole.

Chapter 2: Policy, regulations, and institutional frameworks

2.1 GOV’s environmental regulations

Provide a brief description (preferably in bullet form) of GOV regulations related to subproject EIA and standards that have been applied to the proposed subproject.

2.2 WB’s safeguard policy

List the WB safeguard policies that have been triggered by the proposed subproject.

Chapter 3: Project description

Provide a detailed, but to the point description of subproject including a location map showing the location of subproject in relation of the project area as well as details at the subproject level so that the reader who is not familiar with the project to have a better understanding of the subproject. It is important to recognize that EMP is a stand-alone report and should be self contained.

Chapter 4: Environmental background (Baseline data)

Provide significant information on the environmental background of the subproject as well as its relation to the main project. Provide clear data on topography, water resources (surface and groundwater), soil types, water flow direction, water quality, pollution level, vegetative cover, etc. It is also important to provide a brief description of socioeconomic status in the subproject area and whether there are any ethnic minorities who might be affected by the subproject activities.

Chapter 5: Potential impacts and mitigation measures

Using results of the completed safeguard screening checklist (Appendix 1) for the sub-project, identify the potential positive and negative impacts of the subproject on biophysical and social environment and state the appropriate mitigation measures. The impacts should be identified and subdivided for pre-construction, construction, and implementation/operation stages. Using a ranking matrix should assist the preparer of the report and the reader to better understand the relationship and relevance of the impacts and proposed mitigation measures for minimizing/preventing the effects of subproject activities on the environment.

Chapter 6: EMP

Describe in some detail the mitigation plan to be implemented. The proposed EMP should include as a minimum, the mitigation measures to be implemented during different phases of the subproject development (pre-construction, construction and implementation/operation). Details of relevant ECOP and water quality monitoring should be provided as an annex to the EMP report, but should not be included in the main text. In projects where any dredging is anticipated, the EMP should also describe measures that should be considered to minimize impacts, especially on water bodies. The EMP should also clearly indicate the impacts, proposed mitigation measures, who will be assigned to implement the proposed mitigation or monitoring activities and who will be responsible to ensure the proposed mitigation and/monitoring activities are actually implemented (responsible agency). It is best to provide this information in a tabular form. A typical table formats for this section is provided below:Environmental issues

Potential impacts

Mitigation measures

Implementer

Responsible agency

Monitoring location

Monitoring indicators/ parameters

Monitoring frequencies

Budget VND

PreconstructionLocationDrainageWater qualityWater turbidityEtc.

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ConstructionLocationDrainageWater qualityWater turbidityEtc.Implementation/operationDrainageWater qualityWater turbidityEtc.

Chapter 7: Implementation arrangement and training needs

In this chapter, the responsibilities and the required capacity of the responsible agency to carry out the EMP activities should e clearly stated. If current capacity of the institutions identified for carrying out the EMP related activities or the responsible authority are not adequate for full implementation of the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP, the training needs should be clearly identified and the cost tables for training programs should be provided as well as implementation schedule and the process to ensure EMP activities are fully integrated into subproject activities. It is important to state in this section which ECOPs should be used by the contractor and ensure that they are included in the bidding documents of the contractor(s).

Chapter 8: Consultation and information disclosure

In this chapter, a summary of consultation activities with relation to the EMP at subproject level with stakeholders and affected people should be provided, preferably in tabular form. The table should also include a column to indicate the concerns raised, if any, and the responses to address the issues raised. The dates and locations where the EMP will be disclosed should also be provided in this chapter.

It is recommended that the following table is presented in EMP to summarise the results of public consultation.

Summary of Public consultation on Draft EMP

Date and time Location Issues/concerns/suggestions raised section of EMP responded

A list of people participating in consultation meeting should be annexed to the EMP.

Chapter 9: Summary and Suggestions

In this chapter the findings of the EMP should be summarized, the cost of EMP related activities, including the training cost should be stated, and indications should be provided on whether the proposed EMP is responsive and can fully mitigate the identified subproject related impacts as well as the environmental concerns raised by the public.

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Annex F - Draft TOR for Environmental Specialist

Background

The Government of Vietnam has requested World Bank financing of the Vietnam Coastal Resources Sustainable Development (CRSD) Project that comprises of four components: Component A: Institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable coastal resources management, Component B: Good Practices for Sustainable Aquaculture, Component C: Sustainable management of near-shore capture fisheries, Component D: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. The Project covers eight provinces including Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Phu Yen, Binh Dinh, Khanh Hoa, Soc Trang and Ca Mau provinces. The executing agency at central level will be the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). Provincial DARD in the eight project provinces will be the implementing agencies at provincial levels.

These terms of reference (TOR) relate to consulting services aimed at helping the Government to meet the environmental management needs of the CRSD Project. A national Environment Specialist will be recruited on the basis of consultant’s qualifications (CQ) to carry out the consulting services described in these TOR.

At central level, the principal executing agency for CRSD is the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). MARD designated its Project Coordination Unit (PCU) to manage project implementation. At provincial levels, the project will be executed by Provincial Project Management Units (PPMUs).

The project is rated as an environmental category B and triggers the World Bank’s policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). An Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared and adopted by MARD. The project’s potential adverse environmental impacts will be mitigated through implementation of standard Environmental Code of Practices (ECOPs) and/or subproject-specific Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), prepared in accordance with OP 4.01. PPMUs are responsible for monitoring environmental compliance for the progress reports to be submitted to the World Bank.

1. Objective and ScopeThe services of a national Environment Specialist are required to assist PCU/PPMUs ensure that activities under CRSD fully comply with the World Bank’s environmental policy and that all subproject activities are carried out in accordance with the guidelines developed in the approved ESMF/EA reports and any corresponding EMPs.

2. MethodologyThe national Environment Specialist will be required to make frequent, needs-based site visits to the project provinces. The Environment Specialist will report to the PCU Director.The duties of the national Environment Specialist include the following:

Within one month from mobilization, prepare and submit a detailed Inception Report for all aspects of the consulting assignment for approval. The Inception Report should also include a proposed detailed environmental training and capacity building program covering both subproject preparation and implementation.

Based on Vietnamese Red book, carry out screening for the presence of rare/endangered/Vulnerable species in co-management models. Coordinate with provincial DONREs to develop a management plan if a R/E/V has been identified in project area

Prepare environmental training materials and conduct the proposed environmental training programs for CPU, PPMUs, and Environmental Safeguard Contractors.

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Assist/Supervise the preparation of appropriate environmental reports (EIAs and EMPs) for subprojects to be implemented under CRSD as required and to meet Vietnamese environmental management requirements and the World Bank’s environmental safeguarding policies;

If necessary prepare environmental reviews of technical design modifications and revise the subproject EMPs for approval;

Provide assistance to the Environmental Safeguard officer at PPMUs in:- Designing and establishing environmental monitoring database information and reporting

system for NDMP;- Designing environmental reporting structures and formats, including environmental

mitigation compliance monitoring report formats and reporting procedures

Supervise and provide technical assistance to PCU/PPMUs and Environmental safeguard officers in the implementation of EMF/sub-project EMPs;

Prepare and submit the construction phase subproject environmental management reports (annual) for review and approval; and

Prepare a final report and submit to PCU prior to completion of consulting service

3. Qualifications

The consultant is expected to possess the needed knowledge, proven in previous projects to:

a) Assess environmental and aquatic biodiversity & nature conservation values in Vietnam,

b) Have experience in EMP preparation and supervision

The consultant is expected to be proficient in written and spoken English. The successful execution of the tasks requires timely delivery of the expected deliverables.

4. Duration

A selected Environmental Specialist will be recruited for a period of around 24. This duration may be reduced or extended depending on satisfactory performance and the actual progress of the project.

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TOR for Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)General

In order to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities, and to minimize the impacts on the environment during the construction of the civil works under the CRSD, Environmental Code of Practices (ECOPs) and subproject EMP (if available) have been prepared and should be adhered to the Contractors and his employees.

The Construction Supervision Consultant is to provide professional technical services (“the Services”) to help ensure effective implementation of the ECOP and subproject EMPs.

Scope of Services:

The general services to be provided by the CSC are to inspect, monitor the construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ECOPs/EMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the project are minimized.

On behalf of the PPMU, the CSC will conduct the following tasks:

- Conduct regular site inspections;- Review the status of implementation of environmental protection measures against the EMP and

contract documents; - Review the effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures and project environmental

performance;- As needed, review the environmental acceptability of the construction methodology (both temporary

and permanent works), relevant design plans and submissions. Where necessary, the CSC shall seek and recommend the least environmental impact alternative in consultation with the designer, the Contractor(s), and PMU;

- Verify the investigation results of any non-compliance of the environmental quality performance and the effectiveness of corrective measures; and

- Provide regular feedback audit results to the contractor’s Chief Engineer according to the procedures of non-compliance in the EMP;

- Instruct the Contractor(s) to take remedial actions within a specified timeframe, and carry out additional monitoring, if required, according to the contractual requirements and procedures in the event of non-compliances or complaints;

- Instruct the Contractor(s) to take actions to reduce impacts and follow the required EMP procedures in case of non-compliance / discrepancies identified;

- Instruct the Contractor(s) to stop activities which generate adverse impacts, and/or when the Contractor(s) fails to implement the EMP requirements / remedial actions.

- For contracts that Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) are required, the CSC shall provide the final review and recommend clearance of all Site Environmental plans which may affect the environment. These include, but are not limited to: dredging areas, borrow pits and disposal sites, worker’s camp plans. The CSC will review and approve the SEMP presented by the Contractors. Where these plans are found not to comply with the EMP, EIA or RAP, the SES shall work with the PPMU and Contractor to establish a suitable solution.

- Addressing Complaints: Complaints will be received by the Contractor’s Site Office from local residents with regard to environmental infractions such as noise, dust, traffic safety, etc. The Contractor’s Chief Engineer or his deputy, and the CSC shall be responsible for processing, addressing or reaching solutions for complaints brought to them. The CSC shall be provided with a copy of these complaints and shall confirm that they are properly addressed by the Contractors in the same manner as incidents identified during site inspections.

- Certification for Monthly Payments: The CSC shall confirm the monthly payments for environmentally related activities implemented by the Contractor.

- Reporting: the CSC shall prepare the following written reports:

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o Bi-weekly report of non-compliance issueso Summary monthly report covering key issues and findings from reviewing and

supervision activitieso At the end of the project the CSC shall prepare a final report summarizing the key

findings from their work, the number of infringements, resolutions, etc. as well as advice and guidance for how such assignments should be conducted in the future.

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Draft TOR for Strategic Environmental Assessmentfor integrated planning in coastal provinces

Objective: To conduct a rapid impact-centered strategic environmental assessment (SEA) on the sustainable coastal integrated planning (focusing on fishery resources) of eight provinces including Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Soc Trang and Ca Mau, and provide guidance on environmental considerations that the appraisal committee takes into account when reviewing and approving the provincial plans for future inclusion in the National Fishery Sector Master Plan.

Background:

The Government of Vietnam requested the World Bank to finance 100 millions USD for the implementation of the Coastal Resource for Sustainable Development Project (CRSDP). The objective is to improve the sustainable management of coastal fisheries in selected coastal provinces of Vietnam. The CRSDP comprises of four components, including: (i) Component A: Institutional capacity strengthening for sustainable fisheries management; (ii) Component B: Good practices for a sustainable aquaculture; (iii) Component C: Sustainable management of near-shore capture fisheries; and (iv) Component D: Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation.

Under Component A, the Project will support the project provinces to prepare integrated spatial planning (ISP) of coastal resources that supports the fisheries sector. ISP is a practical approach to manage both conflicts and compatibilities in the marine environment in the face of both increasing development pressures and increasing interest in the sustainable use and conservation of nature. It is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives. ISP does not lead to a one-time plan. It is a continuing, iterative process that learns and adapts over time. ISP is not a substitute for the sector’s planning. Strategic plans for fisheries will continue even when ISP is put into practice. ISP will be carried out for all coastal areas of the project provinces under the CRSD. Effective ISP is characterized by the following:

Ecosystem-based: balancing ecological, economic, and social goals and objectives toward sustainable development

Integrated: across sectors and agencies, and among levels of government Place-based: area-based Adaptive: capable of learning from experience Strategic and anticipatory: focused on the long term Participatory: stakeholders actively involved in the process

In parallel with the ISP, the project provinces would also carry out Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the fisheries sector at the provincial level. The results from ISP and SEA would provide recommendations for fine-tuning the present Sector’s Master Plan for the next period (to 2020).

In this context, the World Bank has agreed to assist the project provinces to conduct a rapid impact-centered SEA that would inform the development of the fishery sector Master Plan. Completion of work entails reflection of the main SEA recommendations in the preliminary versions of the national Master Plan and guidance for planning, as well as incorporation of the recommendations into the specific provincial plans. Strategic Environmental Assessment An impact-centered SEA (hereon referred to as SEA) done on a subset of provincial fishery sector plans can assist the project provinces to develop a fishery sector master plan that takes into account key environmental sustainability considerations. The SEA can assist the provinces to identify measures to mitigate potential negative environmental impacts and enhance positive ones. The SEA will combine

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analytical and participatory approaches for mainstreaming and up-streaming measures for mitigating potential environmental impacts into the planning process. The objective of the participatory component of the SEA will be to generate inputs from varied stakeholders on what are key environmental considerations and build agreement on (i) the potential impacts of the provincial plans, (ii) appropriate measures for addressing these impacts at the provincial level, and (iii) the modalities for transferring these insights into the national Fishery Master Plan. The analytical component of the SEA would also help identify the key environmental considerations and the potential impacts, examine alternative ways of meeting specific objectives of the plan that avoid or reduce the potential environmental impacts and identify the appropriate mitigation measures given existing institutional capacity and economic conditions. This consultancy will lead and guide a process known as a rapid impact-centered SEA

The focus of the SEA will be the sustainable fishery sector development and management program embodied within eight Provincial Fishery Protection and Development plans. Based on the environmental considerations identified through the SEA at the provincial level, the consultants will provide guidance on environmental considerations that the appraisal committee should take into account when reviewing and approving provincial plans for inclusion in the National Fishery Sector Master Plan. The guidance and information on key environmental considerations will also be transmitted to provincial DARD staff responsible for planning the fishery sector. To build the needed capacity to carry out this work, the consultancy will include a training component. The consultancy will include the first three phases of the SEA (see Box 1) and recommendations for how the fourth phase could be implemented.

Box 1: Four stages of an SEA 1) Establishing the Context for the SEA Screening Setting objectives Identifying stakeholders 2) Implementing the SEA Scoping Capacity building Collecting baseline data Identifying impacts and alternatives Identifying opportunities and mitigation measures Quality assurance 3) Informing and influencing decision-making Making recommendations Supporting capacity building for the long-term4) Monitoring and Evaluating Monitoring forest sector master plan finalization and measures Monitoring implementation of SEA recommendations and measures

Scope of Work

The term consultant will be used to refer to the consultancy team involved in carrying out the SEA. The consultant will work with the PPMU to create a taskforce that supports the SEA work. The taskforce will be composed of a member of the SEA consultancy team, a staff person from MARD, relevant staff persons from DARD. Other development partners (e.g., members of non-governmental organizations or donor organizations) would be welcome to join. The primary responsibility of the taskforce will be to exchange information on the major elements of the SEA, coordinate activities, and work together to integrate the main findings of the SEA into the finalization of the Fishery Master Plan (2020). Once the taskforce is created, the consultant, in coordination with MARD, will formally launch the SEA.

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As this is a rapid SEA, throughout the process the consultant will largely draw on prior work done in the relevant areas, data that has already been collected, and carry out targeted meetings and focused consultations when soliciting inputs from key experts, and specific stakeholder groups. The consultant may need to collect new or updated information in order to effectively carry out the work. The consultant will obtain all the materials that have been collected to date from PPMUs.

The specific elements of the work will include:

1. Establishing the Context for the SEA As part of this the consultant will:

Conduct a rapid stakeholder analysis to identify who are the key stakeholders in government, private sector, academia, donor community and civil society for obtaining information and involving in validating the potential environmental impacts as well as the measures for mitigating these impacts. It will be important to know the power dynamics among these stakeholders to ensure that all stakeholders are comfortable providing their input.

2) Implementing the SEA

Capacity building The first step for implementing the SEA will involve capacity building. Because of minimal

existing capacity for SEA in the key ministries the team will prepare and carry out training for key staff in MARD at the national level and key staff from DARD in the applicable provinces. The training should draw upon materials from prior SEA training carried out in Vietnam for SEAs (in other sectors) and be developed in partnership with MONRE. The training should cover what a SEA is (distinguishing between institution-centered and impact-centered), and why it is useful to conduct an SEA, the steps of an impact-centered SEA, how to design and implement a feasible assessment, and how to effectively integrate the findings of the SEA into the relevant processes.

In addition, the MARD and DARD staff dedicated to the SEA work will develop necessary capacity through on the job training.

Scoping The team should conduct a review of the content of the current (2010-2015) five-year provincial

plans and the National Fishery Sector Master Plan (earlier relevant plans will also be considered), and other relevant plans to understand the scope of these plans, how they will be implemented, and the data on which they are based. The scoping exercise will also involve a rapid assessment to understand the environmental, social, economic and institutional situation at the provincial level and to also understand the institutional context at the national level with regard to the management of potential environmental impacts.

This information would be used to develop a preliminary list of potential environmental impacts associated with these plans (please note that the environmental impacts of fishery activities may extend beyond fishery sector and influence agriculture, etc.. Accordingly, it will be important that the environmental considerations include issues of environmental services, water, and climate change). The preliminary list of potential impacts should be shared with the relevant stakeholders at the provincial level and national level for validation and revision.

Scoping procedures and methods, such as matrices, overlays, and case comparisons can be used to establish cause-effect links among different specific plans. A detailed options review may be undertaken as part of the scoping process to clarify the environmental advantages and disadvantages of different potential courses of action

This scoping work will involve using existing data and expert opinions. The scoping report will be shared with key stakeholders for their feedback and comments, plus

there will be a half-day or one day meeting to discuss the findings of the scoping report and Outline the subsequent steps in the SEA process.

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Collect baseline (mostly secondary) quantitative data Collection of baseline data for a SEA extends beyond an inventory. The SEA needs to be based

on a comprehensive understanding of the environmental systems (and associated social elements) that may be affected. Accordingly, attention needs to be paid to important ecological systems and services, their resilience and vulnerability, and the significance for human wellbeing.

Existing measures and/or objectives both environmentally sensitive and non-environment related objectives) set out by relevant legislative instruments should also be reviewed. The baseline data should reflect the objectives and indicators emerging from the scoping process As there is a spatial component to forestry, it will be important to obtain information on the stock of natural assets (including critical habitats, and valued ecosystem components), and baseline information on appropriate indicators for the main types of environmental impacts anticipated. These indicators are important as they will also shape the counterfactual (or no-change scenario). The data must be obtained at the relevant scale so that potential impacts, costs associated with these impacts and existing systems in place for addressing the impacts can be ascertained and appropriate alternatives identified. The consultant will draw heavily on the data associated with the provincial plans as well as the data collected from the Fishery departments at central level. The consultant will use expert opinion and conduct agreed upon feasible primary data collection to effectively analyze the potential impacts and solutions.

Identify impacts and alternatives When considering impacts and alternatives, the range of options or variables under consideration

should be defined based on the main transmission channels. It is important here to recognize that the transmission channels may be very complex, making consideration of a range for potential impacts critical. Also, indirect effects are of paramount importance in the assessment. For example, if a plan targets conversion of one forest land category to another, e.g., protection to production, this could have direct impacts on environmental services (e.g., flood prevention) and lead to potential indirect environmental impacts, stemming from the building of physical barriers for flood prevention. The consultants should therefore use approaches to frame the identification of potential impacts and alternatives: e.g., considering best versus worse case scenarios and using expert consideration to identify cumulative effects. The consultant will refine methods that are commonly used to determine potential environmental impacts of the provincial plans and alternatives for mitigating these impacts. The methods that will be refined for purposes of this SEA will include: scenario analysis (considering the scenario by which the plan is currently to be delivered and different scenarios by which the objectives of the plans could be delivered) cumulative impact analysis (cumulative impacts occur when the effects of an action are added to or interact with other effects in a particular location and within a specific time. It is the combination of these effects, and any resulting environmental degradation, that is the focus of cumulative impact analysis, as these cumulative impacts can pose a serious threat to the environment) The details of the approach used should be tailored to the issues at stake. Scenarios should also be used to identify and evaluate suitable options or alternatives. Cumulative impact analysis, similar to an analysis of direct or indirect impacts, would examine the potential environmental effects taking into account a broader range of effects. It also would take these effects into consideration when determining suitable alternatives or measures. As the plans also provide an indication of the costs associated with the plan, the alternatives should include cost estimations and capacity requirements to deliver on them, as well as recommendations on how to monitor the implementation of these alternatives. The consultants should draw upon available data, plus expert and stakeholder opinion to verify and validate impacts and feasible alternatives.

Identify opportunities and mitigation measures

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In this aspect of the SEA the consultant will work with stakeholders to identify possible opportunities associated with the plan to minimize any negative effects. The mitigation approaches considered for identified potential negative impacts should give priority to first avoiding them. If this is not possible then measures should be taken to reduce these impacts. If the negative impacts cannot be reduced or avoided then appropriate measures should be identified to offset the adverse impacts Using a workshop format, the consultant will present the potential impacts and proposed alternatives to key stakeholders at the provincial and national level. This purpose of this discussion will be to validate and refine the identified potential environmental impacts and possible ways of mitigating these impacts. The presentation will also be used to gain stakeholder support and assistance in identifying opportunities for mainstreaming these mitigation measures.

3) Informing and influencing decision-making

This element of the SEA will involve activities done periodically during the SEA implementation by keeping the SEA taskforce informed on the work and key findings as they emerge. In addition the consultant will conduct targeted workshops and meetings involving the main stakeholders. The purposes of the workshops and meetings will include:

Formal launch of SEA after the scoping work has been done to validate key environmental considerations Validation of the potential impacts, identified alternatives and proposed mitigation measures for inclusion in the provincial

Fishery sector development plans (2020) - involving the provincial and national stakeholders Developing consensus on recommended guidance of the appraisal committee to use for reviewing

and approving provincial plans that will be synthesized in the National Fishery Sector Master Plan and to identify opportunities for mainstreaming these recommendations. This workshop will also cover recommendations regarding capacity requirements and measures needed for MARD and DARD to be able to monitor the implementation of provincial plans against these environmental considerations (these recommendations should also consider cost elements). The purpose of this activity is to receive inputs and feedback from key stakeholder groups and experts.

Lessons learned from the experience on conducting SEAs at the provincial level and to mainstream environmental considerations into the National Forest Sector Master Plan. The purpose of this workshop would be to provide insights on the experience and refine the methodology for conducting SEAs associated with plans.

4) Monitoring and Evaluating It is anticipated that for this fourth stage of the consultant will make recommendations regarding

what is required to enhance MARD and DARD’s capacity to monitor how the national and provincial plans are addressing the key environmental considerations and potential impacts identified by the SEA. These recommendations will be refined based on the inputs received during the workshop above.

5) Reporting: The consultant will be responsible for periodically reporting on the progress of the activity to the

key stakeholders identified for their information and feedback (preferably through briefs or meetings, etc.), in addition to production of the reports listed below.

6) Expected Outputs and proposed dates All reports will be submitted to the DARD and World Bank with a copy to the SEA taskforce for comment by the proposed date. The comments and agreements will be addressed in a revised version of the report to be submitted two weeks after the comments are received (unless agreed otherwise) Report 1: Main findings of the scoping process and the assessments undertaken in the provinces regarding key environmental and considerations and how these have been taken into

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account in the draft plans (and where they have not been taken into account what the potential environmental impacts are). Report 2: Draft guidance on environmental considerations for the appraisal committee to take on board when reviewing and approving the provincial plans for inclusion in the National Fishery Sector Master Plan; Report 3: This report will document how the DARD provincial plans that were assessed and MARD National Master Plan have taken into account recommendations from the SEA work and how the key environmental and social considerations have been mainstreamed in the National Master Plan. Three Workshops/meetings (see section on informing and influencing decision-making)

7) Main government counterparts The main government counterpart for this activity will be Department of Fishery in MARD. The consultant will, however, involve staff from MONRE and ministries representing relevant sectors (e.g., infrastructure) and staff from DARD (for the relevant provinces).

8) Expected Outcomes Build capacity in MARD, DARD and MONRE in SEA Raise awareness regarding the benefits and opportunities for using SEAs in planning Concrete guidance of the appraisal team that reviews and approves provincial plans for inclusion in the National Fishery Sector Master Plan Mainstream key environmental considerations into the National Fishery Sector Master Plan

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Appendix G - List of people interviewed

Name Institution PositionMr. Nguyen Kim Phuong DARD, Phu Yen Vice – DirectorMr. Ngo Dinh Thien DARD, Phu Yen Deputy DirectorMr. Nguyen Minh Phat DARD, Phu Yen Aquaculture

SpecialistMr. Ha Vien DARD, Phu Yen Capture fishery

specialistDr. Thai Ngoc Chien Research Institute for Aquaculture Number 3 HeadMr. Le Duy Tin DONRE Environmental

specialistMr. Nguyen Quang Chau Financial planning division, DARD Finance specialistMr. Nguyen Thai Toan Construction management division, DARD Construction

engineerMr. Nguyen Thai Hai Anh Economic Commission, Peoples’ Committee, Song Cau Town Aquaculture

specialistMr. Nguyen Van Hai, Project beneficiary White leg shrimp

farmerMr. Nguyen Van Hao DARD, Binh Dinh Vice DirectorMr. Tran Van Vinh Capture fisheries and Resource Management Project, DARD,

Binh DinhSub-project secretary

Mr. Vo Dinh Tam Aquaculture division, DARD, Binh Dinh ChairMr. Nguyen Thanh Tri Peoples’ committee of Cat Khanh Commune, Binh Dinh ChairMr. Nguyen Kim Can Peoples’ committee of Cat Khanh Commune, Binh Dinh Vice-SecretaryNguyen Thi Lien DARD, Binh Dinh Aquaculture

SpecialistMr. Dinh Cong Nghia Land Management Division, DONRE, Binh Dinh Deputy-HeadMs. Le Thuy Duong DONRE, Binh Dinh Environmental

specialistMrs. Quach Thanh Son Construction management sub-Department, DARD, Khanh Hoa DirectorMrs. Ngo Duy Nang Nhatrang Aquaculture station, DARD, Khanh Hoa HeadMr. Le Bao Trung Construction management sub-Department, DARD, Khanh Hoa Construction

management specialist

Dr. Hua Ngoc Phuc Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 3, Khanh Hoa Aquaculture Researcher

Mrs. Dao Cong Thien DARD, Khanh Hoa DirectorMs. Le Thi Thu Hong DONRE, Khanh Hoa Vice-DirectorMr. Le Anh Dung DARD, Thanh Hoa Vice-DirectorMr. Nguyễn Quang Thái Environmental protection sub-department, DONRE, Thanh Hoa HeadMr. Cao Thanh Tho Aquaculture Subdepartment, DARD, Thanh Hoa, HeadMr. Nguyen Duc Cuong Capture Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Protection, DARD,

Thanh HoaHead

Mr. Le Duc Giang Capture Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Protection, DARD, Thanh Hoa

Vice-head

Ms. Hoang Yen Planning department, DARD, Thanh Hoa Vice-headMr. Vu Van Ha Agricultural extension department, DARD, Thanh Hoa Vice-directorMr. Trang Trong Trang PMU, Agriculture, forestry and Fisheries, Thanh Hoa DirectorMr. Nguyen Trong Dung Construction management sub-division, DARD, Thanh Hoa Staff memberMr. Le Van Sang Capture fisheries and aquaculture sub-division, DARD, Thanh

HoaStaff member

Ms. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong

Capture fisheries and aquaculture sub-division, DARD, Thanh Hoa

Staff member

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Name Institution PositionMr. Bui Xuan Ha Aquaculture sub-department, DARD, Thanh Hoa Staff memberMs. Bach Phuong Lien Vietnam Academy of water resources, Hanoi InterpreterMr. Le Anh Dung DARD, Thanh Hoa Vice – DirectorMr. Cao Thanh Tho Aquaculture Sub-department, DARD, Thanh Hoa HeadMr. Le Duc Giang Capture fishery fisheries and aquatic resources protection ,

DARD, Thanh HoaVice-head

Mr. Nguyen Trong Dung Construction Management sub-Department, DARD, Thanh Hoa Vice-headMr. Vu Van Ha Agricultural extension center, DARD, Thanh Hoa Vice-DirectorMr. Pham Ba Oai Hoang Hoa DPC, Thanh Hoa ChairmanMr. Nguyen Dinh Tuy Hoang Hoa DPC, Thanh Hoa Vice-chairmanMr. Nguyen Van Loi Agricultural unit of Hoang Hoa DPC, Thanh Hoa HeadMr. Nguyen Huu Dung Agricultural unit of Hoang Hoa DPC, Thanh Hoa Vice-headMr. Le Van Hiep Agricultural unit of Hoang Hoa DPC, Thanh Hoa Staff memberMr. Cao Van Son Hoang Chau CPC, Thanh Hoa ChairmanMr. Le Dinh Son Hoang Chau CPC, Thanh Hoa Staff memberMr. Le Van Hanh Hoang Chau CPC, Thanh Hoa Fisheries specialistMr. Le Van Dung Hoang Chau CPC, Thanh Hoa ChairmanMr. Nguyen Thanh Binh Hoang Chau CPC, Thanh Hoa Vice-chairmanMr. Le Thanh Liem Hoang Chau DPC, Thanh Hoa HeadMr. Nguyen Van Canh DARD, Thanh Hoa Fisheries specialistMr. Bui Dinh Cam Nga Son DPC, Thanh Hoa ChairmanMr. Nguyen Van Phung Nga Son DPC, Thanh Hoa Head of AgricultureMr. Trinh Ngoc Nien Nga Son DPC, Thanh Hoa Staff memberMr. Mai Xuan Tac DARD, Thanh Hoa Fisheries specialistMr. Bang Ca Mau DARD Deputy DirectorMr. Le Quoc Hieu, Ca Mau Environmental Protection Department Deputy DirectorMr. Sy Ca Mau Department of Fishery Resource

Exploitation and ProtectionDirector

Mr. Thong PPMU no.3 ConsultantDeputy Director, Song Doc landing stage

Mr HungMr Binh

Ca Mau DARD Technician

Mr. Tung, Soc Trang Provincial Environmental Protection Department

Director

Mr. Nhat Soc Trang Provincial Environmental Monitoring Centre

Director

Mr Lu Tan Hoa Department of Fishery Resource Exploitation and Protection

Mr. Ly Dai Luong Soc Trang Agricultural Extension centreMr Tran Hoang Dung Department of fishery resource exploitation and

protectionMr. Thieu Quang Duc Soc Trang PPMU

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