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Environment
• The physical surroundings of an organism, including all the conditions and circumstances that affect its development.
Biotic Factors
• the parts of the environment that are living or were once alive.
• Examples- dog, bone, rotting log
Abiotic Factors • the parts of the
environment that are nonliving
• Examples: air, temperature, water, light, sand
Niche
• The role an organism plays in its environment. Its relationship with other organisms and with its physical surroundings.
Habitat
• The place where an organism lives.
Ecosystem • A group of organisms and their physical environment
• All abiotic and biotic factors that found a location suitable to make or find their habitat
Freshwater Ecosystem
TRIVIA: What would be an abiotic factor in this ecosystem?
Symbiosis • a kind of partnership between two
organisms in nature.
Commensalism
• a symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.
Mutualism • a symbiotic
relationship between two organisms in which both benefit.
Mutualism between ants, a caterpillar, and a flower in the American southwest. The caterpillar has a nectar organ which the ants drink from, the flower survives from the feeding caterpillar, and the ants provide protection for
both the plant and the caterpillar.
Parasitism
• a symbiotic relationship in which one benefits(the parasite) and lives in or on another (the host, which is harmed) and takes nutrients.
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Photosynthesis • The process of using sunlight, water, and
carbon dioxide to make food (glucose). Green plants do this.
Products
Producers
• Organisms that produce food for themselves and others.
Consumers
• Organisms that depend on other organisms for food.
Herbivores
• Consumers of only plants.
Carnivores
• Consumers of only meat.
Omnivores• Consumers that eat
plants and animals.
Predator
• Predator- A consumer that hunts or captures other organisms (prey) for food.
Prey• an organism that is hunted or
captured and eaten by another consumer.
Prey
Scavenger
• Scavenger- A consumer of dead or decaying plants and animals.
Decomposer Bacteria and fungi that break down dead and decaying
plant and animal matter and enrich the soil.
Population
• All organisms of the same species living in the same area.
Community
• All the populations of species living in an area.
Food chain
• A diagram showing how certain living things depend on one another for energy.
Gives energy to…
Gives energy to…
Gives energy to…
Gives energy to…
Gives energy to…
These ARE food chains:Grass Cow Human
Acorn Squirrel
Plant plankton Whale
Dead leaves Worm Robin Hawk
Tree buds Deer Cougar
These are NOT food chains:
• Sun Daisy Butterfly Frog
• Water Algae Fish Turtle
• Plankton DDT Fish Eagle
• Algae Minnow Bass Plastic fishing lure
• Corn Mouse Snake Water
Food Chain Rule #1Food chains only contain
biotic factors.
SUN WATER PESTICIDES NON_LIVING THINGS
These are food chains:
•Grass Cow Human
•Acorn Squirrel
•Plant plankton Whale
•Dead leaves Worm Robin Hawk
•Tree buds Deer Cougar
These are NOT food chains:
• Cow Grass Human
• Squirrel Acorn
• Whale Plant plankton
• Worm Dead leaves Robin Hawk
• Deer Tree buds Cougar
Food Chain Rule #2
Food chains must start with a producer.
Examples of Producers
•These ARE food chains:
•Grass Cow Human
•Acorn Squirrel
•Plant plankton Whale
•Dead leaves Worm Robin Hawk
•Tree buds Deer Cougar
These are NOT food chains:
• Grass Cow Human
• Acorn Squirrel
• Plant plankton Whale
• Dead leaves Worm Robin Hawk
• Tree buds Deer Cougar
• Remember means “gives energy to…”
Food Chain Rule #3
Food chains have arrows that go from left to right. It shows the food
“jumping” into the other organism’s mouth.
PRIMARYPRODUCER
PRIMARY CONSUMER
SECONDARY CONSUMER
TOP OF FOOD CHAIN
Food web
• A diagram showing as many food relationships as possible between living things in an area.
Succession
• Changes in an area that cause one group of organisms to be replaced by another.All rebuilt→ climax community
Succession All rebuilt→climax community