Environment Mangament Notes 1

7/29/2019 Environment Mangament Notes 1

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Why do we need to study this course?

We have just one planet which can sustain life and not 9. The resources are limited Space onearth Non-renewable energy, Natural resources .The environment is depreciating in life

sustaining capabilities at an ever increasing pace. At this rate, the day is not far when we

reach a point of no return and face the wrath of global climatic change. We need to

understand our responsibility towards the environment and adopt an environment friendly

system of working.

Environment

Conglomerate of all basic and applied sciences, engineering ,socio economic

aspects, management & law.

Factors responsible for Diversity: Ethnic, geological, Geographical, Climatic, Social

consideration, Economic and cultural Circumstances

Human Environment: Matrix of elements derived by evolution through nature and

contained by culture/ sum total of identified and identifiable natural resources

existing in finite qualities on earth and of the quality of renewable resources.

Environment Management

Optimal utilization of the finite resources between different possible uses.



Environmental criteria and economic considerations demand that such an allocation

be efficient. (protection from degradation & protection for scarce and diminishing

resources)

Resources

Tangible: Airflows, water, minerals, fuels, food, materials

Intangible: Nutrient cycling, climate regulation and removal. Degradation of

residuals or wastes

Aesthetic: Scenic, Recreational and other pleasing features

Renewable vs Non- renewable

Environmental Management

Broadens the concept in scope to include development and enhancement of environmental quality.

Extend the concept of time to include sustainable long term feasibility

Assesses the costs to the society and the environment in achieving the desired balance

between dimensions.

Comprehensive planning that takes into account the side effects of man's activities

and thereby protects and improves the human environment for

Present and future generations.

What is Environmental Management?

It is the management of All the components of biological, physical and chemical in both

biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) The interaction of social, cultural, and economic

environment with the bio-physical environment.

Impact of EM Decisions

The enterprise and the community are part of one system: therefore, decisions must

be taken by the community.

Potential consequences of actions before their implementations to assess their impact

on the total system.(Balanced solution for the enterprise as well as the community)

Sound environmental management, which is cost effective since it achieves higher

productivity through a more efficient use of energy and raw materials, increases



workforce motivation, achieve enterprise goals of survival , growth and profitability,

with limited community conflict.

Series of compromises using limited resources to achieve multiple goals.

Sustainable Development

Rate of consumption or use of natural resources should approximate the rate at which

these resources can be substituted or replaced

System Analysis: how economic, social and environmental system interact at various

scales of operation for optimal balance among three variables.

Fundamentals concerning Environment & sustainable development

Population & its implications-relationship of population growth & environmental

damage=

I=P*A*T

I=Impact on environment

P=Population

A=Affluence(consumption)

T=Technology coefficient

Limits to growth



Economy-Rate of GNP is considered to be an indicator of economic performance of any

nation Increase in GNP indicates the economic health of the country is good. But such

increase in the ultimate analysis is based on high rate of consumption of natural resources of

which environmental degradation is the result In such situation ,economic growth comes in

conflict with issues of environmental concerns.

Poverty-it is multidimensional problem and a major challenge all over the globe.

Human settlement issues-the thrust of human settlement programmes should be on :

-Providing shelter to all

-Investing infrastructure for providing water and managing sewage and solid waste

-Promoting sustainable energy and transport system in human settlement

-promoting sustainable land use management

Land resources-planning and management of land resources constitute another area of

concern for environment it not only includes physical entity in terms of topography

but it also includes natural resources, soil, minerals etc.

Forests-Sustainable forest development ,production of forest products and forest

services require an institutional approach at govt. level

Mountains-about 10% of population depends directly on mountain resources but the

mountain ecosystem is undergoing degradation due to which vegetation is getting

extinct i.e. (flora & fauna) with the result that inhabitants of hills are facing resourcecrunch.

Agriculture-Agriculture has to meet the challenge of growing population mainly by

increasing production on land already under use and by preventing further

encroachment on land.

Biodiversity

Protection of Oceans

Business and industry

Ecological deficit

Village and community involvement



Major Environmental Problems

Intensive agriculturisation including degradation of soils due to overuse of chemicals

fertilizers, degradation of ground water quality, increase in the use of pesticides

leading to health hazards and decline in the crop diversity.

Population explosion has further increased the pressure on natural resources such as

forests and mangroves.

Problems related to industrialization and urbanization

The lopsided development policies have resulted in degraded soils depletion of water

tables ,increased floods, desertification, water logging and pollution of air, water and

loss of biodiversity.

Adoption of less environment friendly technologies has resulted in air and water

pollution which has made most of our major rivers dirty.

while the major industries are responsible for macro environmental problems the

unchecked growth of informal manufacturing sector in most of the urban centers has

spoiled the microenvironment.

The concentration of coal mining ,thermal power plants and fertilizers plants in the

urban areas has led to serious problems with regard to air, water and land pollution.

India’s efforts for Environmental Protection-public policy and Role of NGO’s

India recognized the significance of environmental protection and resource conservation

before first International meet on Environment the Stockholm Conference on Human

Environment was convened by UN in 1972.Within five years of this conference India

amended its constitution to include “Environment Protection “ as constitutional obligation.

Article 51 A relates to fundamental duty o every citizen of India to protect and improve

natural environment.

Soon after the Stockholm conference, India set up a

National Committee On Environment Planning and co-ordination (NCEPC)-committee was concerned with issues relating to appraisal of development projects

human settlements planning spread of environment education etc.

Tiwari Committee on Environment-It was set up in 1980 for reformation of central

and state acts on water ,air,forests,etc.It also established the separate department of

Environment.



National Committee on Environment Planning-NCEPC replaced by this committee, it

involves the preparation of an annual “state of Environment Report “ for the country.

Established environmental information and communication system.

Later the environment protection enactments like

Environment protection act 1986

Amendments in 7 & 8th

five years plans.

Laws like Water act.

Forest act

Air act

Wildlife act etc.

Role of NGO’s

NGO‟S usually act as mediators between governments and citizens. They work at the grass

roots or community level as also with poor or socially disadvantaged people and provide

them necessary support. They made the national and international commitments for

protection of environment by entering into agreements /protocols made at international level

are meaningless without their enforcement.

The reasons for poor implementation may be:

Lack of political will

Scarcity of fund

Decisions taken in regard to environmental issues not be very sound.

Implications of such decisions could not be properly visualized.

Most of the NGO‟S get fund from the govt. or aid from other agencies.

There are other NGO‟s that do not accept funds from others and raise funds through charities.

For eg:

• Bill gate the words richest no.1 donated 37 billion US dollars for world health

program me trust.

• Warren Buffet, the words richest no.2 donated 37 billion US dollars to the same trust.

NGO‟S like WWF, Green Peace & Friends of Earth operate at global level.



Achievements By NGO’S

Boycott of service station of Shell Company in Germany

In 1999,WTO organized a meeting in Seattle,washington attended by 5000 delegates

including environment ministers, But WTO was not willing to consider environmental and poverty issues adequately.

Govt of Taiwan wanted to a piece of land in North Korea to dump its nuclear waste.

The Korean Federation of environmental movement opposed this move and

succeeded.

Indian Scenario:

Chipko Movement

Technology for Safe and Hygienic Human Waste

Narmada Valley project

Present Status OF Environment /Role ‘s of the Industries

Eco Taj-Environment initiative of the Taj Group of Hotels-

Sustainable management of hotels is a relatively new concept. The Eco-Taj is a movement to

standardize environment friendly practices in every aspect of the company. Environment

initiative of the Taj group started in 1995 when the group was invited to become a council

member of International hotels Environment Initiative.

The major goals of Eco-Taj environmental initiative are:

To demonstrate the use and application of “green “ technologies to the Indian

Tourism industry.

To motivate and educate employees to provide inputs into new and improved

environmental practices.

To create economic opportunities and increased competitiveness through

conservation

To increase tourism opportunities in India by providing a sound environmental image

for the Taj group when exploring new tourism destinations.

The above objectives are guided by the Corporate Environmental policy. This policy is

applicable to all hotels and air catering units owned and managed by Taj group of hotels .

5-Point Basic Minimum Environmental Program me (BMEP)



It aims at covering all units of the group include:

1.Environmental Training to be part of operating training and to be included in the induction

programme of all new employees .Environmental policy to be communicated and explained

to each staff.

2.World Environment Day (5 June) to be celebrated every year for generation of awareness

about environmental issues among guests, staff and suppliers..

3.All requirements of respective environmental legislation to be met by all units all the time

4.Energy audit to be conducted by all units once in three years .

5.All units were expected to reduce their fresh water consumption by 20 percent of the

average annual consumption from all sources by 2001. This could be achieved by reducing

usage or by recycling waste water.

Overview of the Initiative

The most innovative elements of the Eco Taj programme are the following:

A comprehensive decentralized companywide environmental management

programme

Demonstration of “Green” Technology and its applications in hotel and tourism

industry.

Its initiative include:

Green Technology

Waste water Treatment

Solar Power

Vermiculture

CFC-Free Air – Conditioning

Chlorine free water treatment

Energy saving lightning

Environmental communication

Eco-ideas contests.

Guest Communication.



Other Industries

Hindalco-In the company's own words – we subscribe for eco-efficiency. It entails

manufacturing products and providing services in a manner that conserves natural

resources minimizes wastes and ensures pollution control

National Organic Chemical Industries Limited: The company has continued its efforts

in protecting and improving its environment continue to be recognized and

appreciated with awards from prestigious institutions. The afforestation projects of

eth company has achieved a great success and all the hills behind the factory are

having a dense forest which has become the pride of Thane-Belapur area and a

popular picnic spot for local residents.

BSES LIMITED-The company‟s care and concern for environment continue to be

recognized and appreciated with awards from prestigious institutions.

The Andhra Petrochemicals Limited-In the company ,safety occupational health and

environmental protection continue to be accorded priority and safety standards are

continually reviewed.

BOROSIL- the company is striving to ensure: pollution control in eth manufacturing

and other units ,safe working conditions to all employees

One of the important developments in industrial response is the interest shown by

companies to adopt ISO 14001 standards which are expected to bring about

transparent environmental practices in the industry.

Question

1. Enumerate the role and Functions of the government as a planning, organizing,

directing, implementing and controlling agency?

Role of Government

Control and Develop all countries natural resources.

In recognition of their responsibility in preserving the environment, the Govt. of India

created the Department of Environment and later the Ministry of Environment and

Forests in 1985.

Ministry of environment & forest-

Planning

Protection & coordination



Forestry environment \

It involves in conservation & survey & to accomplish its task they undertake various

measures.

A study is made to evaluate its possible impact on environment and steps aresuggested so that least damage is caused to environment when the project is

implemented.

Functions

Measures to protect & improve the environment

Constitutes authorities & appoints officers

Rules to regulate environmental pollution

develop and establish national environmental standards and criteria

Power for Entry and inspection

Power to demand information, reports or returns

promote educational and public awareness programs on the environment

promote educational and public awareness programs on the environment

Identification of critically polluted areas

Receiving notice about alleged offences and complaints in a Union Territory or State

Planning

Some laws have been enacted for protection of the environment .

In Indian penal code o 1860, some articles are related with environment .

In last fifty years major steps for the protection of environment in India

Following are the important acts:

River Board Act, 1956

Water Preservation &Control of Pollution Act, 1974

Atomic Energy Act, 1972

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972



Factories Amendment Act, 1987

Environmental Protection Act, 1986

Central Motor Vehicle Rule, 1989

Damodar Valley Corporation Regulation act, 1948 (Prevention of water pollution)

Every state government has establish a ministry of environment

The Central Pollution Control Board has been established to take measures to control

water & air pollution

Prepare plans for countrywide awareness about pollution

There are many autonomous bodies are engaged in research in field of environment.

National Forest policy has been framed for the protection &development of forest inthe country.

They has been evolved to develop forest resources.

National parks & games sanctuaries have been established throughout the country to

protect biodiversity

There is need for sustainable growth i.e. growth which is not harmful to environment

Eco friendly development can solve the problem for that they are taking some action

At all level of education provision have been made for the knowledge of

environment.

Providing special training for environmental management

Awareness have been launched through media

Indian government is active member of international organization concerning

environment

Introducing economic instrument for improving environmental quality

Environmental audit introduced in 1993

GIS will be effective for useful planning



NATIONAL GREEN CORPS PROGRAMME (M.S.)

Introduction

1. The Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India has launched the

National Green Corps Program (NGC) in all Districts of India.

2. Bharati Vidyapeeth University - Institute of Environment Education & Research has

been appointed as the Resource Agency for Maharashtra State, for the National Green

Corps Program of the Ministry of Environment and Forests since 2003.

Role:

1. Maharashtra State government nominates officers and individuals considered relevant

to the State Steering Committee.

a. To oversee implementation of NGC in the state.

b. To encourage different government departments to actively help the Eco-clubs.

c. To review periodically the implementation of the scheme and suggest activities to

be taken up at District Level.

d. To select the best district, best Eco-club and give publicity to their activities so that

other districts and Eco-clubs can adopt them.

Functions:

Organize seminars, debates, lectures and popular talks on environmental issues in the

school.



Organize field visits to environmentally important sites including polluted and

degraded sites,wildlife parks etc.

Organize rallies, marches, human chains and street theater at public places with a

view to spread environmental awareness.

Take up activities like tree plantation, cleanliness drives both within and out side the

school campus.

Grow kitchen garden, maintain vermin-composting pits, construct water-harvesting

structures in school, practice paper re-cycling etc.

Prepare inventories of polluting sources and forward it to enforcement agencies.

Directing

The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF)

Requirements and Procedure for seeking Environmental Clearance of Projects.

Siting Guidelines for Industries.

Environmental Guidelines for Industries.

Guidelines for Clearance of Forest based Industries/Trade.

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Project Clearances.

Guidelines for Adoption of Cleaner Technologies.

Noise Pollution Norms.

Hazardous Waste Management Guidelines.

Details of Ozone Depleting Substances used in various Sectors and Ozone Depleting

Substances Substitutes.

Guidelines for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs).

Guidelines for submission of proposals under the Scheme Waste Minimization in

Small & Medium Industries (SMIs)

The Guidelines on State Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and

Planning Authority (State CAMPA).

Environment Education, Awareness & Training (EEAT)



EEAT Scheme was launched during the 6th Five Year Plan in 1983-84 with the

following objectives:-

To promote environmental awareness among all sections of the society.

To spread environment education, especially in the non-formal system amongdifferent sections of the society.

To facilitate development of education/training materials and aids in the formal

education sector.

To promote environment education through existing educational/scientific/research

institutions.

To ensure training and manpower development for environment education, awareness

and training.

To encourage non-governmental organizations, mass media and other concerned

organizations for promoting awareness about environmental issues among the people

at all levels.

To use different media including films, audio, visual and print,, theatre, drama,

advertisements, hoarding, posters, seminars, workshops, competitions, meetings etc.

for spreading messages concerning environment and awareness.

To mobilize people's participation for preservation and conservation of environment.

Environmental management colleges

Pollution control board

State government agencies

State government rules and regulations

Other Guidelines

National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC).

National Green Corps (NGC).

Global Learning & Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE).

Strengthening Environment Education in School System and other courses at

Graduate and Post-Graduate level including Professional Courses.

Advertising & Publicity.



Seminars/Symposia/Workshops.

Publication of Resource Material related to Environment.

Grants-in-Aid to Professional Societies & Institutions.

Other Awareness Programmes like Vacation Programmes,

Quiz/Essay/Debate/Poster/Slogan competitions, training programmes etc.

State Government Guidelines

Divisions/Units/Wings/Branches...

Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)

Environmental Information System (ENVIS), Gujarat

Environmental Information System (ENVIS), Tamil Nadu

Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB)

Institute of Wood Science and Technology (IWST)

Kanha Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh

Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala

Tropical Forest Research Institute (TFRI)

Statutory Bodies

Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI)

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

Central Zoo Authority (CZA)

Others

Bhitarkanika National Park, Orissa

Chilika Development Authority (CDA)

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), India

Environmental Information System (ENVIS), India

Indian Biosafety Clearing House (IND-BCH)

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://www.bhitarkanika.org/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://www.chilika.com

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://cdmindia.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://envis.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://indbch.nic.in/




http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://envis.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://cdmindia.nic.in/







Indian Forest Service (IFS)

Kaziranga Centenary Celebration

Like Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC)

Project Tiger

Sustainable Development Networking Programme (SDNP)

Yamuna Action Plan (YAP)

Role of Indian Government in implementing

Rules & regulation

Major Initiative

Fellowship & Awards

Rules & regulation

Water Pollution & Air Pollution

Environment protection

Public Liability Insurance

Animal Welfare & wildlife

Forest conservation

Major Initiative

National River Conservation Directorate

Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution Management


National River Conservation Plan The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase - I which

was taken up as 100% Centrally funded scheme and aimed at preventing the pollutionof river Ganga and to improve its water quality. The plan was started in June 1985.

The program of river cleaning was extended to other major rivers of the country

under two separate schemes of GAP Phase - II and the National River Conservation

Plan (NRCP). Yamuna and Gomati Action Plans were approved in April 1993 under

Ganga Action Plan Phase – II

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://ifs.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://assamforest.in/centenaryCelebration/index.htm

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://lmmc.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://projecttiger.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://sdnp.nic.in/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://www.pmc4yap2.com/

http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://www.pmc4yap2.com/




http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://projecttiger.nic.in/






http://www.india.gov.in/outerwin.php?id=http://ifs.nic.in/




Highlights of the works Undertaken

Towns Covered 190

Rivers Covered 39

States Covered 20

Sanctioned Cost of Rs.7638.47 crore

Expenditure (including State Govt. Share Rs.4302.43 crore

Schemes Completed 865

Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution Management

Clean up and rehabilitation of polluted sites and facilitate the reduction of

environmental and health risks associated with legacy polluted sites

Initially started in 2 sites in Andhrapradesh & 8 sites in West Bengal

Project benefit.

Improvement in water and air quality.

Improved hygienic conditions.

Health benefits such as reduction in water borne, vector borne diseases.

Economic benefits i.e. employment generation during rehabilitation.

Remediation of contaminated sites.

Fellowship & Awards

Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar

Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha Mitra Awards

E.K. Janaki Ammal National Award for Taxonomy

Hathi Mere Sathi Campaign

Organized in December.

Government of India in collaboration with wild life trust of India



For conservation & welfare of elephants.

Reference material including publication & documentation were distributed.

Elephant 8 meet hosted by India.

Control

Legal action taken by govt.

The Environment (protection ) Act was enacted in 1986.

To take measures to protect and improve environment which includes water, air

and land and the inter relationship which exists among & between water , air and

land human being, other living creatures, plants micro organisms and property.

The National Environmental Policy (NEP) 2006.

The ecological services rendered by the water bodies like lakes & wetlands.

The NEP states that wetlands including lakes are under threat from drainage and

conversion for agriculture & human settlements besides pollution.

The NEP identifies an Action plan for these water bodies which importantly include

formulation of conservation & prudent use strategies, integration of wetland and

lake conservation into sectoral development plans for poverty alleviation and

livelihood improvement , formulation of eco-tourism strategies prove multi

stakeholders partnership.

The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act,1981.

To provide for the prevention , control and abatement of air pollution in India.

The water ( prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1974.

It empowers the Govt. to maintain the wholesomeness of national water bodies.

The Act also provides for prohibition on use of stream ( includes inland water

whether natural & artificial) or well for disposal of polluting matter etc.

It enables the Govt. through central & state pollution control boards to prescribestandards and has provision for monitoring & compliance and penal provisions

against the violators of the Act.

Institutions

Department of Environment.



Department of Science and Technology.

Department of Biotechnology.

Energy Management Centre.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Department of Space.

Department of Ocean Development.

Central Forestry Board.

Prevention and control of environment

Water and air quality monitoring stations in selected areas.

Use-based Zoning and classification of major rivers.

Notification & enforcement of standards for polluting industries through the Central

and State Pollution Control Boards.

Fiscal incentives for installation of pollution control devices.

Ganga Action plan to prevent pollution of the river and restore its water quality

which could be expanded to cover other major river systems subject to availability of

resources.

Environment Management System: Evolution Of EMS

The concept of an environmental management system evolved in the early nineties and its

origin can be traced back to 1972, when the United Nations organized a Conference on the

Human Environment in Stockholm and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

was launched (Corbett & Kirsch, 2001). These early initiatives led to the establishment of the

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

In 1992, the first Earth Summit was held in Rio-de-Janeiro (Jiang & Bansal, 2001), which

served to generate a global commitment to the environment (RMIT University). In the same

year, BSI Group published the world's first environmental management systems standard, BS7750.

[1]This supplied the template for the development of the ISO 14000 series in 1996, by

the International Organization for Standardization, which has representation from committees

all over the world.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMIT_University



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSI_Group



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization








What Is an Environmental Management System (EMS)?

An EMS is simply a set of procedures to reduce our environmental footprint in our

day-to-day activities.

An EMS is the combination of people, policies, procedures, review, and plans to help

address environmental issues.

An EMS is that part of an overall management system which includes organizational

structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and

resources for...achieving environmental policy.

Important EMS elements include continual improvement, management commitment,

formalization, and awareness of a systems based approach.

Objectives of EMS

An Environmental Management System (EMS):

Serves as a tool to improve environmental performance.

Provides a systematic way of managing an organization‟s environmental affairs

Is the aspect of the organization‟s overall management structure that addresses

immediate and long-term impacts of its products, services and processes on the

environment

Gives order and consistency for organizations to address environmental concerns

through the allocation of resources, assignment of responsibility and ongoing

evaluation of practices, procedures and processes.



Focuses on continual improvement of the system

Why Implement an EMS?

Compliance Assurance

Credibility with Citizens and Regulators

Positive Public Image

City/County/Organization as a Leader and Innovator

Competitiveness

Better Management of Resources

Why Environmental Management System (EMS)?

Safe working environment

Legal compliance

Reduced waste

Pollution prevention

Competitive advantage in research

Enhanced internal management efficiency

Incentives for Environmental Stewardship

Some Basic EMS Definitions



Environmental Aspect (Cause) – The elements of an organization‟s activities,

products, or services which can interact with the environment.

◦ It is important to establish, implement and maintain a procedure to identify the

environmental aspects of activities products and services that you “can control

and …can influence.”

◦ After identifying environmental aspects you must determine those which have

or can have significant impacts on the environment.

◦ Examples include: air emissions, water discharges, , use of raw materials,

energy use, use of natural resources, use of volatile organic compounds.

Environmental Impact (Effect) – Any change to the environment whether adverse or

beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations activities, products, or

services.

Examples include: depletion of natural resources, air pollution, hazardous waste

generation, soil and water contamination.

Certification For EMS

There is a provision to have EMS certified by an external party, International standard called

ISO 14001 and European Union‟s EMAS (Eco-management and Audit System and earlier

British Standard for environment (BS7750) are the recognized standards for the purpose.

Environmental standards

1.BS 7750

2.ISO 14000

3.ISO 9000

4.ISO 14001

5.EMAS

ISO 14000

ISO 14000 series was approved by European Commission through the recommendation of

CEN (Committee European de Normalization ) which is European Union‟s Standardization

body.



ISO 14000 is derived from ISO quality standard, 9000 but it is broader in scope than quality

standards because environmental issues are larger issues affecting the nation‟s and the worlds

resources and living conditions.

ISO 14000 is a standard for general guide lines on environmental standard and it enables an

organization „s EMS to:

a. Formulate and define policy and objectives

b.Formulate a plan for implementing the policy and objectives

c.Provide support and to develop capabilities for implementing of policy objective

d.Monitor and evaluate environmental performance.

e.Review the EMS for continued improvement

ISO 14001 has been designed to impart a life cycle analysis approach to give commitment by the manufacturers for various environmental and ecological parameters such as :

Composition of material

Recycling and disposal practices

New methods if any for achieving environmental goals.

Components

The five components of ISO 14001 are:

1.Environmental policy

2.Planning

3.Implementation

4.Monitoring

5.Review.

Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes

instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or

living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such

as noise, heat, or light.



Pollution is the introduction of a waste into the atmosphere making it impossible for

the life on earth possible to sustain.

The dangerous effects of pollution are a result of undesirable changes in the physical,

chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and water.

The agents or substances that causes pollution are known as pollutants (biodegradable

and non-biodegradable).

Contributors of Pollution

Chemical and Nuclear Plants

Industrial factories

Oil refineries

Human sewage

Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars

Mining

Over covered Landfills

Deforestation

Construction Debris

High population density

Major forms of Pollution

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Noise Pollution

Soil Pollution

Light Pollution

Radioactive Pollution

Thermal Pollution

Visual Pollution



Littering

Air Pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that

cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the

natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

Sources & Effects of Air Pollution

Tobacco smoke: heart atacks and cancer

Decomposing garbage and open sewers: breeding ground for flies, mosquitoes, germs

and other haarmul bactereia.

Piosonous gases: respiratory diseases

Acid rain

Mining activities: lung and respiratory diseases

Carbon monoxide and lead: effects brain and organs like kidney

Ozone depletion effect: skin cancer and effects plant life

Burning fuel and oil rigs: cancer

Green house effect: global warming, melt polar ice and submerge coastal areas



Automobile exhaust: harmful to human health

Asthma, Asbestosis are also effects of air pollution

Air Pollution Control

Planting trees

Checking automobile emission

Treatment of air pollution in industries

Pollution Control Devices

Electrostatic precipitator

Wet Scrubber

Cyclone separator

Bag House

Water Pollution

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and

groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or

indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful

compounds.

Sources of Water Pollution

Point Source: due to a single, well identified starting place like oil

spill, drain, etc

Non-point Source: if pollution comes from many sources which cannot

be identified such as acid rain, farmer‟s field.

Contributors & causes of Water Pollution

Agriculture waste water

Factories/Industrial processes

Natural factors effects ground water

Oil spills



Refineries

Mining

Trash on common roads/ground

Silt from constuction sites

Effects

Water pollution has damaged the food chain

Contaminated drinking water causes cholera, typhoid, poor blood pressure, vomiting,

and damage to nervous system

Pollution in water alter overall chemistry of water, causing a lot of changes in

temperature which adversely effects the marine life and destroys it.

Control

Imposing laws to combat water pollution

Care of existing trees and planting new ones to promote penetration of water into soil

Supplementary nutrients in agriculture

Domestic sewage

Being conscious over selves and educating younger ones

Waste water treatment

Environmental standards

1.BS 7750

2.ISO 14000

3.ISO 9000

4.ISO 14001

5.EMAS

ISO 14000



ISO 14000 series was approved by European Commission through the recommendation of

CEN (Comite European de Normalization ) which is European Union‟s Standardization

body.

ISO 14000 is derived from ISO quality standard,9000 but it is broader in scope than quality

standards

because environmental issues are larger issues affecting the nation‟s and the worlds resources

and living conditions.

ISO 14000 is a standard for general guide lines on environmental standard and it enables an

organization „s EMS to

Formulate and define policy and objectives

Formulate a plan for implementing the policy and objectives

Provide support and to develop capabilities for implementing of policy objective

Monitor and evaluate environmental performance.

Review the EMS for continued improvement

ISO 14001 has been designed to impart alife cycle analysis approach to give commitment by

the manufacturers for various environmental and ecological parameters such as :

Composition of material

Recycling and disposal practices

New methods if any for achieving environmental goals.

Components

The five components of ISO 14001 are:

1.Environmental policy

2.Planning

3.Implementation

4.Monitoring

5.Review.

Pollution



Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes

instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or

living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such

as noise, heat, or light.

Pollution is the introduction of a waste into the atmosphere making it impossible for the life on earth possible to sustain

The dangerous effects of pollution are a result of undesirable changes in the physical,

chemical and biological characteristics of air, land and water.

The agents or substances that causes pollution are known as pollutants (biodegradable

and non-biodegradable).

Contributors of Pollution

Chemical and Nuclear Plants

Industrial factories

Oil refineries

Human sewage

Oil and antifreeze leaking

from cars

Mining

Over covered Landfills

Deforestation

Construction Debris

High population density

Major forms of Pollution

Air Pollution

Water Pollution

Noise Pollution

Soil Pollution



Light Pollution

Radioactive Pollution

Thermal Pollution

Visual Pollution

Littering

Air Pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that

cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the

natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere.

Root Cause in India

• Increase in Number of vehicles: share of motor vehicles has increased from .3 million

in 1951 to 37.20 million in 1997.At all India level the percentage of two – wheeled

vehicles in the total number of motor vehicles increased from 9% in 1951 to 69 % in

1997,

• Increase in industrial activity

• Increase in power generation

• Domestic pollution

• Other sources

• Vehicular Emissions

Sources & Effects of Air Pollution

Tobacco smoke: heart atacks and cancer

Decomposing garbage and open sewers: breeding ground for flies, mosquitoes, germs

and other haarmul bactereia.

Piosonous gases: respiratory diseases

Acid rain

Mining activities: lung and respiratory diseases

Carbon monoxide and lead: effects brain and organs like kidney



Ozone depletion effect: skin cancer and effects plant life

Burning fuel and oil rigs: cancer

Green house effect: global warming, melt polar ice and submerge coastal areas

Automobile exhaust: harmful to human health

Asthma, Asbestosis are also effects of air pollution

Sources and types of air pollutants. Human inputs of air pollutants may come from mobile

sources (such as cars) and stationary sources (such as industrial and power plants). Some

primary air pollutants may react with one another or with other chemicals in the air to form

secondary air pollutants.

What is the Air Pollution?

Toxic or radioactive gases that introduced into the atmosphere as a result of humanactivity.

Dirty air that could injure human health or property, or animal life, and/or prevent

normal plant use and enjoyment of property.

What are the main causes for the air pollution?

Factories

automobiles

Energy sources

Wild fires

Volcano

tornadoes





An explosion at the core of a nuclear reactor at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986

released more than 50 tons of radioactive material into the air above the Ukraine. According

to Ukranian officials, 4,000 people died and 70,000 were disabled by radiation-related

illness.

Bhopal India Gas Leak

This has been called the world's worst catastrophe.

On December 2-3, 1984, methyl isocyanite gas leaked from a pesticide plant in Bhopal, near

Madhya Pradesh in India, resulting in the exposure of over 500,000 people. Twenty-thousand

deaths since the leak can be attributed to the accident, which killed 3,000 people in a few

days and is linked to hundreds of thousands of illnesses since.

London's"GreatSmog”1952

In December of 1952 an acid-infused smog engulfed London for 4 days killing 4,000 people

in a single month. Eight thousand later deaths are attributed to the pollution, which is

believed to be mainly sulfur dioxide. British Parliament passed the Clean Air Act to mitigate

the risk of future smog.

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Within the first two to four months of the

bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000 – 166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000 – 80,000

in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day

How does the air pollution effect our planet?

Global warming

Respiratory disease

Pants die

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki





TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION

There are several main types of air pollution. These include smog, acid rain, the

green house effect and hole in the ozone layer.

One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air.

Another type of pollution is the release of poisonous gases.

SMOG

Smog is a type of large scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between

pollutants derived from different sources.

ACID RAIN

EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN



Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams .

It contributes to the damage of trees and many sensitive forest soils.

It accelerates the decay of building materials and paints, including irreplaceable

buildings, statues, and sculptures that are part of our nation's cultural heritage.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

It generally comes from the build up of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burnt.

In this type of pollution sun rays go to the atmosphere and they are trapped by green

houses gases. So the temperatures on the earth raise.

HOLE IN THE OZONE LAYER

It is another result of air pollution.

Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere.

Release of CFC from heating, aerosol cans , refrigerator equipments remove some of

the ozone , causing “ HOLES” .



What causes air pollution?

Air Pollution Control

Planting trees

Checking automobile emission

Treatment of air pollution in industries

Pollution Control Devices

Electrostatic precipitator

Wet Scrubber

Cyclone separator

Bag House

Methods of Air Pollution Control





Methods of Air Pollution Control (Some things you can do for CLEAN air)



India’s Efforts in Controlling Air Pollution

Factories Act 1948

Industrial (Development & Regulation) Act,1957

Air Pollution Boards include:

-Air(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,1981

Management of Air Pollution

Regulation of vehicular pollution

Measurement of Emission for Vehicles and market

Emission Norms-2000 and 2005

Distorted prices of fuels and Automobile industry

Quality of petrol-Lead Vs Benzene



State level Planning

Industrial Pollution

Thermal Power Plants

Documents

Environment Mangament Notes 1