Enumeration of Air borne Microorganisms Present In The …infokara.com/gallery/84-dec-3371.pdf · 2019. 12. 19. · 1.Harapanahalli city (HPC) City does not having proper drainage,

Enumeration of Air borne Microorganisms Present In

The Industrial Regions of Davangere District,

Karnataka

Dr.S.Thirumala1, Prof.B.Rajappa2 and Dr.B.R.Kiran3

1Govt. First Grade College & P G Centre, Department of Environmental Science, 577004

Davangere, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected].

2 Department of Chemistry, Rwandan Defence College, Kigali Rwandan, East Africa.

3Research & Teaching Assistant in Environmental Science, DDE, Kuvempu University,

Shankarghatta-577451, Karnataka

Abstract

A variety of atmospheric fungal spores was carried out in the Davangere district of Karnataka

(India). The study site represents a rural and semi-urban area. The incidence of the fungal spores

in the air was studied by the simultaneous exposure of petri dishes plates containing

potato dextrose agar media for 15 min per week for 12 months at the height of 6 meters (January

to December 2013). The exposed sample is incubated at 26ºC for 7 days. The slides exhibited a

preponderance of spores of Aspergillus flavus (16.8%), Aspergillus fumigatus (11.3%), Rhizopus

stolonifer (10.5%) Microsporium canis (10.2%), Fusarium (8.3%). The result shows that there is

slightly decrease in diversity .Airborne microbes are considered important causes of allergic

rhinitis and allergic asthma. The knowledge of these fungi in a city or region is important for the

ecological diagnosis and specific treatment of allergic manifestations induced by inhalation of

fungal allergens. Several other types of spores were also found in comparatively low

numbers. The monthly variation of these air-borne microbes were studied qualitatively and

quantitatively.

Keywords: Airborne fungi; microbes, allergic respiratory disease; allergens, industrial

region, Davangere district.

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Volume 8 Issue 12 2019 837

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1. Introduction

Airborne particles are a significant reason for respiratory sicknesses of people, causing

hypersensitivities, asthma, and pathogenic contaminations of the respiratory tract. Airborne

parasitic spores are additionally significant specialists of plant illness, and the methods for

scattering of numerous normal saprotrophic (saprophytic) growths. During a sniffle, a great

many little beads of water and bodily fluid are removed at around 200 miles for each hour (100

meter for every second). The beads at first are around 10-100 small scale meters width, yet they

dry quickly to bead cores of 1-4 smaller scale meters, containing infection particles or

microscopic organisms. This is a significant methods for transmission of a few illnesses of

people.

Since fungal spores have for quite some time been known as one of the significant natural bio-

articles causing dermatitis, respiratory and heart ailments alongside hypersensitive indication in

people. The estimation of allergenic contagious spore focuses noticeable all around encourages

allergists to analyze what kind of growths patients with asthma are sharpened to and when

treatment ought to be applied to be the best. Furthermore, data about high parasitic spore

fixations empowers individuals to keep away from introduction at specific hours and days during

the contagious spore season [1-3].

Jacobs et al.[4] expounded the term to incorporate scattering of air borne bug populaces, parasitic

spores, dust and microscopic organisms. In this manner, a starter study on airborne growths has

been led in modern area of Davangere District, Karnataka. In this worry the investigation on

airborne organic materials, essentially microbial spores and dusts and their effect on natural

species is a significant perspective.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area

Davangere district is situated in the Northern Karnataka ( Figure 1). The region is limited by five areas

specifically Haveri and Shimoga on the West, Bellary on the North, Chitradurga on the East,

Tungabhadra River goes through Honnali taluk and later structures characteristic limit on the west

along Harihar and Harpanhalli outskirts. The district lies in the Karnataka between the scopes 13°5'

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and 14°50' N and between the longitudes 75°30' and 76°30' E. There are numerous breezy places

inside the locale supporting the ongoing development of wind vitality industry over the area. The

district has a region of 5,926 km2 (2,288 sq meters).

Davanagere taluk is situated a good ways off of around 260 km from the state capital of Bangalore. It

is settled at the lower regions of the Western Ghats. Recently known for its cotton factories, it is a

quick creating city of Karnataka.

Harihara is arranged on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, 275 kilometers North of Bangalore. The

neighboring city Davangere is 14km. It has a wonderful atmosphere as the year progressed. Both

Harihar and Davangere urban communities are alluded as twin urban areas like Hubli and Dharwad

Urban Population 1.45 lakhs, City area,10.8km2 and Summer air temperature is go between 30-400 C,

170 C-20°C. all out city territory covers City region, 10.8 km² Harihar is topographically situated in

the focal point of Karnataka. It fills in as a significant modern base too. At present, Harihara poly fiber

Grasim, Synthite, Shamanur Sugar's and the sky is the limit from there. The significant help of this

community is the Tungabhadra waterway, which keeps on being abused and contaminated because of

substantial industrialization.

Channagiri is taluk of Davangere, population of 18,517. males establish 52% of the populace and

females 48%. it goes under semi-malnad area.It has a normal height of 662 meters (2171 feet).

Channagiri has a slope fortification of around 1770 A.D. with a Ranganatha sanctuary inside it, which

ascends to a stature of around 200 feet toward the west of the town comprises of a solitary delicate

dull secured with earth which directions a wide plain. The post comprises of two rubble dividers

shielding by channels, the main entryway being on the north were the slope is most reduced.

Jagalur had a populace of 14,741. Males establish 52% of the populace and females 48%.

Horticulture is a principle pay for individuals.

Honnali is found 36.8 km good ways from its District Main City Davanagere. It is found 253 km good

ways from its State Main City Bangalore. Different towns in Honnali Taluk are Arabhagatta Arakere,

Bannikodu, Belagutti , Biragondanahalli , Chatnihalli. Davangere was previously an acclaimed

exchange and assembling focuses and was prevalently called as Manchester city of India for its

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immense cotton developing territory and the presence of the cotton material ventures and creation of

great texture. Being arranged in a groundnut, heartbeats and cotton developing tract, the spot had

various groundnut oil production lines, Rice factory and Rice puff enterprises.

In addition to this number of sugar factories in the district, clearly manifest that Davangere was

a prominent industrial centre in the State. The small scale industries in the district constituted

about 1.9 per cent of the total units in Karnataka. of these, nearly 40 per cent are located in

rural areas as against the state proportion of about 38 per cent the district accounted for about

2.9 per cent of small scale sector employment in the state. Falling in line with the state, food

and food processing industry provides the highest employment in the district followed by

textiles, printing, metal products, machine tool, furniture and paper products. About 25 per cent

of the workers are self employed in the district as against the state average of 22 per cent.

Figure 1: Study area map

Preliminary study is done using literature collection and identified the study sites and field trials

by random sampling in Davangere district, Standardized the sampling location and optimizes the

parameter and sampling method.

Collection of air samples by exposing of Petriplate which contains selective media. Sample is

incubated different temperature according to media used. After incubation plates have developed

a colony, these colonies have evidence for studying microbial Diversity. According to our

selective media we are differentiated two type of groups of microorganisms such as bacteria and

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fungi, Bacteria are observed in Nutrient agar media where as fungi are observed in czapack dox

agar media.

The identification of microorganisms is done by direct microscopic method using gram satin and

lacto phenol cotton blue test. Seasonally and monthly variation of Species diversity is studied by

counting the colony using colony counting method.

Occupational health hazards is identified in study area by collecting sputum analysis report from the

various hospitals of Davangere district. Prepare the Questionnaire report for recognize the degree of

diseases caused by microbes to Occupational health hazards in Davangere district.

All workers exposed to individual dust at their work place (Sites) (Rice mills , Rice Puffs, sugar,

poultry forms, fibers, Agricultural and other small scale industrial production ) A total 100 number of

occupant, workers were examined , in the whole Industrial sector of Davangere District. Response rate

were almost 95% in all Industrial sites, Most of the workers did not wear personal protective

equipments. A. questionnaire recorded reports eye, respiratory skin and general symptoms during last

2 years.

3. Results and Discussion

Concentration of an air borne mycoflora is studied by the exposing Petri plate were contains

media for growth of microorganisms. Obtained result shows the variation in Diversity of

microbes in the particular site and the particular time. Petri plate exposure method is used to

determine the concentration of microbes in different Industrial sector of Davangere District.

Random sampling is carried out for one year from month of June to July 2013. Standardization

of Sampling station and optimization of sampling method is achieved for adjust the region of the

study sites. Microbial characteristics were studied by colony character (Table 6)

One way ANOVA showed that the f-ratio value is 1.07487. The p-value is .378885. The result

is not significant at p < .05 ( Table 7).

The species spectrum of bacteria includes Gram +ve bacilli, Gram +ve cocci, Gram –ve bacilli,

Gram –ve cocci, Staphylococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp and Enterococcus spp.

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Table:1 Taluk wise Random sampling is carried out in following stations with

Environmental conditions.

Sl

no

Taluku Stations Environmental condition

1 Davangere 1.Azad Nagar (AN) Air is contaminated Bio aerosol Which generate from Rice mills and

Rice puff industries

2. Near Bus stand(BS) Area is highly crowded by human population, Generation of solid waste

in sites and vehicles exhaust is noticed.

3.Market Area (MA) Market Waste is generated , fugal spore is exposed to air

4.Davangere city (DC) Road dust, Vehicles emission, small scale industrial smog,

2 Harihara 1.Harihara poly fibers

Industries.(HPF)

Fiber dust is exposed to atmosphere and it is main causes for

occupational health in the region.

2.Harihara city (HC) City is populated and air contamination by industrial and vehicle smog.

3 Harpannahalli 1.Dugavathi sugar

industries &

Distilleries (DSI)

Generation of Aerosol and Bio aerosol is noticed in the plant.

1.Harapanahalli city

(HPC)

City does not having proper drainage, sanitary, waste disposal system it

is causes of growth of microorganisms and it is exposed to atmosphere.

4 Jagaluru 1.Jagaluru city (JC) Air is contamination due to dust particle from a road and agricultural

field.

5 Channagiri Chanagiri city (CC) Absence of industries, Less population in this area and air

contamination is less compared to other sites.

6 Honnalli Honnali rice mill

industries (HRI)

Environment is contaminated by Rice mill dusts and vehicle exhaust.

Table 2: Showing the colony characteristics were observed in medium.

S.L No Colony Characteristics

Bacterial Colony

S.L

No

Colony Characteristics

Fungal Colony

Nutrient agar Czapeackdox agar

1 Yellow round smooth entire convex 1 Blue green colonies with uniserate heads with

phialides

2 White round smooth entire convex 2 Yellow green and black uniserate or biserate or both

with phialides

3 White round wavy flat 3 Colonies are wooly and gray to brown to gray black

rhizoids are produced at the base of sporangiophore.

4 Yellow round Transparent filamentous 4 Fluffy to cottony and pink yellow and Green colonies.

5 Yellow round irregular flat 5 Shades of green or blue green surface of the colonies

are velvety to powdery.

6 Pale yellow wavy irregular

6 Fluffy with a feathery border are white to buff, and

characteristically have a lemon- yellow or yellow

orange fringe at periphery. Colony become dense and

cottony and deeper brownish-yellow or orange and

frequently shows a heavy growth in the center.

7 Yellow round erect form smooth 7 Fluffy and gray to gray-brown or gray green in color.

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Calculation:

1m3=1000ml

CFU/m3 Colony forming units per m3

Total no of colony identified

CFU/m3= ------------------------------------------------------------------------×1000ml

Total amount of medium is taken in petriplate for exposing

In month of June 2013 total 1619.3/m3 of microbial colony identified were Azadnagar (280.0

m3) Bus stand area(189.3m3),market area(176.9 m3), Hariharapolyfibere (172.7m3) and

dugavathi sugar industries (192.7m3) shows maximum diversity, The, Davangere city (107.8m3)

and Harihara city (70.30m3) and Harpanahalli(140.6m3), shows moderate diversity, is identified.

The lowest number of diversity is identified in Jagaluru(112.7m3), Honalli(52.1m3) and

channgiricity(80.6m3),

Monsoon season is started in month of July 2013 total 1392.1m3 of microbial colony is identified

in this month Azad nagar (302.4m3), Bus stand(147.8m3), Harihara polyfibre (160.6m3) and

Dugavathi sugar industries(168.4m3) shows maximum no of diversity is identified. where as in

Market area(114.5 m3), Davangere city(96.9m3), Harihara city(115 m3 ,Harpanahalli city 1m3,

and Jagaluru 110.3m3 shows moderate diversity. lowest number of diversity in Market

area(74.5m3), Channagiri(51.5m3)and Honalli(,58.7m3) is recorded. The average atmospheric

temperature 24.50C is recorded this month.

Month of August 2013 average temperature of atmosphere were 24.50C is recorded. In this

season total 1235m3 of microbial colony is recorded were azadnagar (270m3) ,Harihara poly

fiber (144.8m3) and Dugavathi sugar industries(150.9m3) shows maximum microbial diversity it

is due to emission of air pollutant from industries and climatic condition is very favorable for

increase the growth of microorganisms. Moderate diversity is studied in the Davangere city area

(103.6m3), Bus stand area(112.1m3), Harpanahalli city(104.8m3), and Jagaluru city(97.5m3). Rest

of the area Market area (63.6m3), Harihara city (78.7m3), Honalli city (63.6m3) and channagiri

(44.8m3) shows the lowest diversity of microorganisms.

In September 2013 moderate rain fall is recorded and average temperature of the district is 250C

is recorded. Total 1196m3 of microbial colony is identified, were Azad nagar (283.6m3),

market(115.1m3), hariharaPolyfibere(122.4m3), Dugavathi Sugar mill (140.6m3), and

Harpanahalli(104.2m3) sampling station shows highest Microbial diversity is recorded where as

in bus stand(86.6m3) Davangere city area(98.1m3), and Jagaluru city(92.7m3) shows the Average

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Microbial diversity. In Harihara city (79.3m3), channagiri (31.5m3) and Honalli city (42.4m3)

were shows minimum growth of microorganisms is recorded.

In October 2013 the average atmospheric temperature is 24.50C and Average rain fall is

recorded. During Research studied it shows that the maximum diversity is obtained in the Rice

mill area of Azadnagar (165.4m3) and Dugavathi Sugar mill (132.7m3) compare to other

sampling station of davnagere district. The Bus stand (109.6m3), Market area (114.5m3),

Davangere city (105.4m3), Harihara polyfibere (95.7m3) shows the Average microbial growth is

recorded. In Channagiri (30.3m3), Honnalli(44.8m3), Harihara city (82.4m3), Harpanahalii

(86.6m3) and Jagaluru city(84.2m3) shows to indicate the minimum growth of microorganisms

in this month.

The highest number of Microbial diversity is recorded in month of November 2013(189.8m3) at

temperature of 230C. The microbial distribution in Azad nagar

area(378.1m3),Busstand(204.2m3), Market area126.6m3), Davangere city(365.4m3), and Harihara

poly fibere industries(275.7m3) shows the maximum and harihara city183.0m3, Dugavathi sugar

industries (115.7m3) shows average microbial diversity is recorded. Lowest growth occurs were

in remaining sampling stations i.e. in Channagiri (40.0m3), Jagalru(84.2m3), Honalli(43.0m3),

and Harapanahalli city area (81.8m3). During this month the air borne fungal growth is maximum

compare to other season it is due to fact that the Pollution load in atmosphere is maximum as

well as climatic condition i.e.the temperature 23 to 280C is optimum and favorable for growth of

fungi.

In the month of December 2013 maximum growth occur in the Bus stand (340m3), Davangere

city(289.6m3), Harihara polyfiber (250.3m3) is recorded. In Azad nagar (225.4m3), Harihara

city186.6m3), Dugavathi sugar industries (112.7m3) and market area (132.7m3) shows moderate

diversity is obtained. Lowest diversity is occurred in the Harpanahalli(93.3m3),

Jagaluru(87.8m3), Chanagiri(40m3), and Honalli city(53.9m3) is noted, Total 1812.7 m3 of

microbes is Recorded as growth of colonies in petriplate.

January 2013 atmosphere is slightly desiccated as a result 3.82% decreases in the total microbial

population in January (1743m3) compare to previous month (1812.7m3) this result shows that

atmospheric climatic condition is responsible for growth of microorganisms. Highest result is

obtained in Azad nagar rice puff industries (314.5m3), Bus stand (301.8m3), Harihara poly fibers

(236.3m3), and Davangere city (227.2m3). The lowest number of diversity is recorded in Honalli

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(46.0m3) and Channagiri (30.3m3) sampling station. The average atmospheric temperature is

280C is recorded.

In the month of February 2013, Total 1356.3m3 of microbial colonies are recorded. Gradually

decrease in the microbial diversity is recorded. Total 22.3 % decreased from previous month. In

this month Bus stand sampling station shows the highest growth of microorganisms it is because

of fact that during sampling period drainage patternnear the bus stand area is blocked and

improper drainage system is noticed, this is the favorable conditions for the growth of microbes

as well as exposure to atmospheric air. The rest of the sampling location shows the moderate

growth of microorganisms. Temperature of area is 300C is recorded in this Month.

March 2013 average atmospheric temperatures were340C noted. Azad nagar (174.5m3), and Bus

stand area (13.57m3) show maximum rate of diversity were identified, sampling station Market

area (116.9m3) Harihara poly fiber,(92.7m3) and Honalli rice mills (95.7m3) shows the moderate

diversity of microorganisms. Minimum rate of growth is indentified in the Dugavathi sugar

industries (44.2m3) Channagiri 41.2m3), Jagaluru(43.6m3), Harpanahalli 44.24m3) Davangere

(26.0m3)and Harihara city (61.21m3). During this month Dugavathi sugar industrial sector shows

minimum growth of diversity compare to previous month it is due theto there is no emission of

Bioaerosol in atmosphere because of there is a no sugar production in Plant. Total 869.0m3 of

microbial colonies are calculated in month of March 2013.

April 2013 month shows 764.8m3 of colonies are recorded at average temperature 350C, Azad

nagar industrial sector and Market area shows maximum and equal microbial diversity

(110.3m3), Bus stand area shows (118.1m3), In Hariharataluku region Harihara poly fiber

industries (95.75m3) shows maximum diversity compare to Harihara city area (61.8m3).

Harpanahlli taluk Dugavathi sugar industries shows maximum number of colonies (71.5m3)

compare to Harpanahalli city area (23.6m3) is recorded. Minimum growth in Jagaluru (22.42m3),

and Channagiri (31.5m3) is recorded.

Sampling of month of May 2013 total 381.2m3 of microbial colonies are Identified, out which

Azadnagar rice mill area shows maximum58.7m3 of colonies and 50.90m3 in Dugavathi sugar

industries. Minimum amount 13.3m3 is indentified in Channagiri city area. Temperature of the

atmosphere is maximum up to 340C is recorded.

The Total 34,423 CFU of a Microbial Diversity is recorded were the maximum concentration of

air borne microbes were detected at the Azad nagar rice puff industries, poultry house, poly

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fiber, sugar industries is recorded and lowest concentration of air borne microorganisms were

detected at the Jagaluru, Channagiri and Honalli city area.

The most frequent airborne fungi, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Fusarium

Rhizopus and Alternaria were found all months of the year. The remaining genera were

randomly present throughout the year. Because of the climatic differences it becomes

difficult to make seasonal comparison of the fungal genera common to different regions

[5].

The season representing mostly saprophytic group of fungi such as Aspergillus

sp, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. the higher percentage of fungal propagates is obtained

in rainy season because of the availability of organic substrate either living or dead and

humid atmosphere. The abundance of organic matter in rainy season provide opportunity

to growth of the fungi in both the groups i.e., saprophytic and plant pathogenic fungi. The

present study of six month data provides preliminary information on different groups of

fungi [2].

The obtained result shows that the air at the industrial environment of Davangere district were

heavily loaded with fungi and adverse effect to the human health and environment.

4. CONCLUSION

The Air borne mycoflora is the ubiquitous in atmosphere, some beneficial and some are

pathogenic due to prolonged exposure to human and environment. Air borne microbes is

attached to dust particles and enter to human body directly by inhalation or indirectly via

ingestion of food and water. The diversity of Microorganisms in atmosphere is depends on the

types of sources and metrological conditions such as Relative Humidity (RH), Temperature,

Precipitation (Rain fall), Wind Speed.

The Quality of Air and diversity of air borne microorganisms in industrial sector of

Davangere district were conducted 36 month to determine the microbiological contamination in

industrial region of the Davangere district, with special reference to fungal contaminants.

According to obtained result the Azad Nagar rice puff industries, Poultry farm, Poly fiber

industries and Sugar industries shows predominant source of Bio aerosol and maximum growth

of microbes is recorded, this result shows the bio aerosol is main causes to growth of

microorganisms. Metrological condition such as Rain fall, Humidity, temperature, wind

velocities were responsible for variation of Diversity of microbes.

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Microbial spores are pervasive constituents of both indoor and open air tests. A few genera of

airborne fungal spores, for example, Alternaria and Cladosporium are found all through the vast

majority of the world. Spores are commonly viewed as significant reasons for both unfavorably

susceptible rhinitis and hypersensitive asthma; shape sensitivity, be that as it may, is the least

comprehended and concentrated of the significant types of inhalant sensitivity. So as to analyze

the nearness of airborne spores, a few subjective and quantitative systems are utilized relying

upon the examination place; in our investigation the airborne growths spores were performed by

the Petri plate presentation strategy [6].

The event of the extraordinary number of the allergenic parasitic underlines the significance of

the investigation of airborne organisms in Davangere. Fungal spores are particularly significant

in the tropics, in which atmosphere conditions are entirely great to the development of growths

and may bring about a high convergence of spores noticeable all around, which thus causes an

expanded frequency of hypersensitive respiratory illnesses.

5. REFERENCES

[1] Magdalena Sady , Roy Kennedy Atmospheric Concentrations of Allergenic Fungal Spores

At Worcester (United Kingdom) In 2006.

[2] Thirumala,S and M.Pradeep Nathu. Study of Fungal Spores Diversity, in Malebenur Region

of Karnataka, India. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(3): 44-48.

[3] Thirumala, S, Aravinda, H.B., Makri, H., Assessment of air quality in Shivamoga city,

Advances in Environmental Sciences - International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 3(1),

12, 2013.

[4] Jacobs, W. C., 1951. Aerobiology in Comendium of Meterology. American Meterological

Society, Boston, pp: 1103-1111.

[5] Purchio, A., Gambale, W., Paula, C.R., Ugoline, C., Remie, C.A., Airborne fungi of

Baixada Santista, State of São Paulo, Brazil, Rev. Microbiol. (S. Paulo), 15, 258, 1984.

[6] Thirumala,S., H.B.Aravinda and Pradeep M. Nathu.2013. Airborne fungi isolated from

industrial sector of Davangere city, state of Karnataka, India. Journal of Science and Arts

No. 2(23), p 167-172.

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Figure 2 : Monthly microbial colony in different sampling sites of Davangere district

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Azad Nagar

Bus stand

Market area

Harihara polyfiberDugavathi SugarindustryDavangere city

Harihara

Harapanahalli

Jagaluru

Honnali

Channagiri

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Table 3: Isolated Air borne Mycoflora in the year 2012 and 2013(June –December)

S.L No Name of the Fungi Month % Contribution

June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

1 Aspergillus candidus 03 05 00 01 04 07 02 22 6.0

2 Aspergillus Fumigatus 10 08 04 02 07 06 04 41 11.3

3 Aspergillus granulus 02 01 00 00 01 05 01 10 2.7

4 Aspergillus nidulans 01 00 00 02 01 00 01 05 1.3

5 Aspergillus niger 05 03 01 00 04 01 00 14 3.8

6 Aspergillus oryzae 05 04 01 01 00 00 00 11 3.0

7 Aspergillus flavus 10 14 12 08 11 02 04 61 16.8

8 Aspergillus terreus 01 00 02 00 00 03 00 06 1.6

9 Alternaria 02 04 01 01 05 02 01 16 4.4

10 Epicocoum 00 00 02 05 00 00 01 08 2.2

11 Cladosporium

cladosporioides

01 00 01 01 02 04 00 09 2.4

12 Fusarium 04 02 06 08 04 04 02 30 8.3

13 Microsporum canis 02 10 02 04 09 04 06 37 10.2

14 Mucorglobosus 03 05 04 07 05 02 01 28 7.7

15 Penicillium marneffei 02 04 04 03 04 02 00 19 5.2

16 Phallus impudicans 01 00 03 00 00 01 01 06 1.6

17 Rhizopus stolonifer 04 12 11 05 02 03 01 38 10.5

361

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Table 3 continued……

Name of the

Fungi

Month 2013 %

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Aspergillus

candidus

00 01 05 01 00 02 01 04 03 01 01 00 19 2.7

Aspergillus

fumigatus

12 15 11 06 08 04 02 13 10 04 06 07 100 14.

45

Aspergillus

granulus

00 01 02 00 00 04 01 02 00 00 01 02 13 1.8

Aspergillus

nidulans

01 01 00 02 01 00 00 04 03 00 02 01 15 2.1

Aspergillus niger 02 05 04 09 06 05 02 04 01 02 00 00 40 5.7

Aspergillus oryzae 03 05 01 02 03 00 00 02 00 00 01 05 23 3.3

Aspergillus flavus 05 08 04 09 04 10 13 04 02 05 04 12 80 11.

5

Aspergillus terreus 02 00 00 00 00 02 01 00 01 00 02 02 10 1.4

Alternaria 05 08 04 06 01 05 09 12 13 05 00 04 72 10.

4

Epicocoum 02 00 00 01 00 00 02 00 03 00 01 00 09 1.3

Cladosporium

cladosporioides

04 02 01 00 02 01 04 04 00 01 00 01 20 2.8

Fusarium 02 00 00 01 02 04 02 01 02 00 05 05 24 3.4

Microsporum canis 15 04 09 07 10 13 05 04 07 05 03 04 86 12.

4

Mucorglobosus 04 08 06 02 04 03 04 07 04 08 01 06 57 8.2

Penicillium

marneffei

02 06 04 04 07 02 04 05 08 01 00 01 44 6.3

Phallus impudicans 00 01 00 00 02 01 00 01 02 04 00 00 11 1.5

Rhizopus stolonifer 02 01 04 08 06 04 05 10 15 04 04 06 69 9.9

692

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Table 4:Isolated Air borne Bactria in the year June –December 2013

Table 5: Isolated Air borne Bactria in the year 2013

\

S.L

No

Name of the

Bacteria

Month % Contribution

June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

1 Gram +ve bacilli 07 01 12 04 02 03 01 30 33.7

2 Gram +vecocci 02 00 04 02 00 01 00 09 10.1

3 Gram –ve bacilli 02 01 00 01 01 00 02 07 7.8

4 Gram –vecocci 00 02 04 01 02 04 03 16 17.9

5 Staphylococcus spp 00 03 01 00 00 01 05 10 11.2

6 Klebsiellaspp 04 00 03 02 01 00 00 10 11.2

7 Pseudomonas spp 00 00 00 00 01 02 00 03 3.3

8 Enterococcus spp 01 02 01 00 00 00 00 04 4.4

Total 89

Name of the Bacteria Month %

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

Gram +ve bacilli 10 08 04 00 00 04 03 14 06 03 00 04 56 15.9

Gram +ve cocci 08 01 00 04 01 07 18 13 20 14 10 03 99 28.12

Gram –ve bacilli 01 03 01 05 00 03 14 07 17 10 05 01 77 21.8

Gram –vecocci 00 01 15 24 17 05 04 02 01 00 03 02 74 21.0

Staphylococcus spp 02 01 00 03 02 01 03 01 02 01 00 00 16 4.5

Klebsiella spp 01 00 01 04 02 00 01 00 03 00 01 00 13 3.6

Pseudomonas spp 00 00 00 01 03 01 00 01 01 02 00 01 10 2.8

Enterococcus spp 01 00 00 00 00 02 01 00 01 00 02 00 07 1.9

Total 352

INFOKARA RESEARCH


ISSN NO: 1021-9056


Table 6: Monthly variations of Air microbes in the Davangere district

Site Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Azad Nagar 280 302.4 270 283.6 165.4 378.1 225.4 314.5 301 174.5 110.3 58.7

Bus stand 189.3 147.8 112.1 86.6 109.6 204.2 340 301.8 298 135.7 118.1 105.1

Market area 176.9 114.5 63.6 115.1 114.5 126.6 132.7 130 127 116.9 110.3 102.2

Harihara poly

fiber

172.7 160.6 144.8 122.4 95.7 275.7 250.3 236.3 220 92.7 95.75 94.6

Dugavathi

Sugar

industry

192.7 168.4 150.9 140.6 132.7 115.7 112.7 113 111 44.2 71.5 50.9

Davangere

city

107.8 96.9 103.6 98.1 105.4 365.4 239.6 227.2 221 26 27.4 28

Harihara 70.3 115 78.7 79.3 82.4 183 186.6 181 175 61.21 61.8 59.6

Harapanahalli 140.6 129 104.8 104.2 86.6 81.8 93.3 92.1 89 44.24 23.6 24.5

Jagaluru 112.7 110.3 97.5 92.7 84.2 84.2 87.8 86.2 82 43.6 22.42 20.8

Honnali 52.1 58.7 63.6 42.4 44.8 43 53.9 46 42 95.7 85.2 89.4

Channagiri 80.6 51.5 44.8 31.5 30.3 40 40 30.3 29.8 41.2 31.5 13.3

INFOKARA RESEARCH


ISSN NO: 1021-9056


Table 7: One way ANOVA for variations of Air microbes in the Davangere district

Treatments 1 2 3 4 5 Total

N 11 11 11 11 11 55

∑X 1575.7 1455.1 1234.4 1196.5 1051.6 6513.3

Mean 143.2455 132.2818 112.2182 108.7727 95.6 118.424

∑X2 270730.03 238071.41 176717.16 174079.69 114660.6 974258.89

Std.Dev. 67.0956 67.519 61.8021 66.2821 37.5868 61.3023

Source SS df MS

Between-treatments

16068.1175 4 4017.0294 F = 1.07487

Within-treatments

186862.1018 50 3737.242

Total 202930.2193 54

The f-ratio value is 1.07487. The p-value is .378885. The result is not significant at p < .05.

INFOKARA RESEARCH


ISSN NO: 1021-9056


Documents

Enumeration of Air borne Microorganisms Present In The …infokara.com/gallery/84-dec-3371.pdf · 2019. 12. 19. · 1.Harapanahalli city (HPC) City does not having proper drainage,