ENTRY QUIZ

1.How many elements do you know?2.What are they?3.Which of them are inert gases?4.Which are metals?5.Which are metalloids?

12th element

MagnesiumMgAtomic number 12Atomic weight 24.31Alkaline metal, reactive, paramagnetic3 isotopes: 12 neutrons, 13 isotopes, 14 isotopesAtomic structure: 12 p, 12 e, 12 n

Sustainable Development

• Assumes the right to use the earth’s resources and earth capital to meet needs

• It is our obligation to create sustainability

• Environmentally sustainable societies meets basic needs of its people in a just and equitable manner without degrading the natural capital that supplies these resources.

Resources

RenewableRenewable Non-RenewableNon-Renewable

Potentially Potentially RenewableRenewable

Direct solar energy

Fossil fuels Fresh air

Winds, tides, flowing water

Metallic minerals (iron, copper, aluminum)

Fresh water

Nonmetallic minerals (clay, sand, phosphates)

Fertile soil

Plants and animals

(biodiversity)

Biodiversity

• Genetic Diversity– Variety in a genetic makeup among individuals

within a single species

• Species Diversity– Variety among the species or distinct types of

living organisms found in different habitats of the planet

• Ecological Diversity– Variety of forests, deserts, grasslands, streams,

lakes, oceans, wetlands, and other communities

Environmental Degradation

Common Property Resources

• Tragedy of the Commons

• Resources owned by none, but available to all users free of charge

• May convert potentially renewable resources into nonrenewable resources

Natural capital degradation

• The exponential increasing flow of material resources through the world’s economic systems depletes, degrades and pollutes the environment.

Figure 1-11Figure 1-11

Nonrenewable Resources

• Nonrenewable/Exhaustible Resources– Exist in a fixed quantity in the earth’s crust and can

be used up

• Mineral– Any hard, usually crystalline material that is formed

naturally

• Reserves– Known deposits from which a usable

mineral can be profitably extracted at current prices

Nonrenewable Resources

• Recycling– Collecting and

reprocessing a resource into new products

• Reuse– Using a

resource over and over in the same form

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONS

• The major causes of environmental problems are:– Population growth– Wasteful resource use– Poverty– Poor environmental

accounting– Ecological ignorance

Questions1. Approximately how many people in the world live on under a dollar a day?

(A) 40, 000

(B) 100,000

(C) 1,000,000

(D) 10,000,000

(E) 1,000,000,000

 

2. Which is not a renewable resource?

(A) Air

(B) Water

(C) Soil

(D) Metal

(E) Animals

 

3. What is genetic diversity?

(A) The distinction between species

(B) The variety of environments

(C) The genetic makeup of individuals

(D) The different genes from mating

(E) Hybrid species mating

 

4. Which is not a cause of environmental problems?

(A) Population growth

(B) Unsustainable resource use

(C) Poverty

(D)Global warming

(E) Trying to manage and simplify nature without knowledge

Poverty and Environmental Problems

• 1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe malnutrition.

Figure 1-12 and 1-13Figure 1-12 and 1-13

Our Ecological Footprint

• Humanity’s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity. Figure 1-7Figure 1-7

Pollution

• Any addition to air, water, soil, or food that threatens the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms

• Solid, liquid, or gaseous by-products or wastes

Point Source Pollutants

• From a single, identifiable sources– Smokestack of a

power plant– Drainpipe of a

meat-packing plant– Exhaust pipe of an

automobile

Nonpoint Source Pollutants

• Dispersed and often difficult to identify sources– Runoff of fertilizers and pesticides– Storm Drains (#1 source of oil spills in oceans)

Negativity of Pollutant

• Chemical Nature– How active and harmful

it is to living organisms

• Concentration– Amount per unit volume

or weight of air, water, soil or body weight

• Persistence– Time it stays in the air,

water, soil or body

ACTIVITY 2

1. How do we classify resources?

2. What is biodiversity?

3. What is environmental degradation?

4. What is natural capital degradation?

5. Give examples of nonrenewable resources.

EXIT QUIZ

1.How many elements do you know?2.What are they?3.Which of them are inert gases?4.Which are metals?5.Which are metalloids?