entomologi revisi

8/12/2019 entomologi revisi

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ENTOMOLOGY(BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION)

Crabs,lobster

Cyclops

Class

CRUSTACEA

Tick, mite

Spider, scorpion

Class

ARACHNIDA

Mosquitoes

Flies, fleas

Chilopoda

(Centipeds)

Class

INSECTA

Diplopoda

(Millipedes)

Class

MYRIAPODA

PHYLUM

ARTHROPODA

Class

ONYCHOPHORA



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ENTOMOLOGY(MEDICAL IMPORTANCE)

Crabs,lobster

Cyclops

Class

CRUSTACEA

Tick, mite

Spider, scorpion

Class

ARACHNIDA

Mosquitoes

Flies, fleas

Chilopoda

(Centipeds)

Class

INSECTA

Diplopoda

(Millipedes)

Class

MYRIAPODA

PHYLUM

ARTHROPODA



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IDENTIFICATION KEYS FOR

ARTHROPODA

• 2 pairs of antenna & min. 5 pairs of leg, swimming aid

(+), mostly aquatic gillbreathers Crustacea

• Antena (-), 4 pairs of leg, aerial Arachnida

•

Antenna (+), aerial :

• 3 pairs of leg, 1 or 2 pairs of wing Hexapoda

• > 3 pairs of leg, wing (-):

• 1 pair of leg in each segment Chilopoda

• 2 pairs of leg in each segment Diplopoda



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ArthropodaGeneral morphology

Bilaterallysymmetrical

Segmented

Haemocoel (openvascular system)

Ventral nerve cord

1 or 2 pairs ofantennae

Chitinous exoskeleton



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ENTOMOLOGY

1. Class Crustacea



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CrustaceaGeneral morphology

• United head

and thorax

(cephalothorax)

• Abdomen• 2 pairs of

antenna

•

At least 5 pairsof leg


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CrustaceaCopepoda

Tiny, mostly below

5mm

Female with egg bag

bilaterally (arrows)

Cyclops: 0.2-0.5mm

Diaptomus: 0.1-

0.2mm

Intermediate host of

nematodes andcestodeDiaptomus Cyclops



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CrustaceaDecapoda

Crab Crayfish



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ENTOMOLOGY

2. Class Arachnida



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ArachnidaGeneral morphology

• Terrestrial

• Cephalothorax

• Locomotory organ: 8

legs (octopod)• Incomplete

metamorphosis

• 3 orders:

–

Scorpionida – Aranea (Araneida)

– Acarina



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Arachnida1. Scorpionida

• Pedipalps to hold the

food1

• Venom bag and sting

apparatus at theabdomen end2

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Arachnida2. Aranea

• Pedipalps to hold

the food

• A gland producing

thread at abdominal

end

• Male killed after

copulation



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Arachnida3. Acarina

Suborder differentiations based on the location of

stigmata (respiratory organ):

Metastigmata: behind or anterolateral to coxa IV

Mesostigmata: level of coxae II-IV, with peritremes Mesostigmata: bases of chalicerae

Astigmata: no stigmata, replaced by integument



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MESOSTIGMATAMETASTIGMATA



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PROSTIGMATA



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Arachnida3. Acarina

Ticks (Ixodidae)

• Male: entire

dorsal shield

• Nymphs andfemale hard ticks

have abbreviated

scutum

Male Female



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Arachnida3. Acarina

Fully fed female Fully fed female compared to male



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Arachnida3. Acarina

Unfed ticks can be found on vegetation



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Arachnida3. Acarina

Mesostigmata:

Sarcoptes scabiei

Dust mites

(Dermatophagoides pterynissinus)

Gravid female scabies mite



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Arachnida3. Acarina

Disc-like scabies mite with well-developed chewing mouthparts

Legs are short and stumpy,terminating in suckers or bristles

Scabies mite egg in skin scrapping



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ENTOMOLOGY

3. Class Insecta



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InsectaGeneral morphology

Head-thorax-

abdomen

Head:1 pair

antennae,1 pair

mandibles, 2

pairs maxillae

Thorax: 3 pairs

legs, 1-2 pairs

wings



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Insecta

CRUSTACEA

APTERYGOTA

ORTHOPTERA ANOPLURA

PHLEBOTOMINAE

SIMULIIDAE

CERATOPOGONIDAE

CULICIDAE

NEMATOCERA

TABINADAE

BRACHYCERA

MUSCIDAE

CALLIPHORIDAE

SARCOPHAGIDAE

CYCLORRAPHA

DIPTERA HEMIPTERA SIPHONAPTERA HYMENOPTERA

PTERYGOTA

INSECTA ONYCHOPHORA MYRIAPODA ARACHNIDA

ARTHROPOD



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Insecta1. Anoplura

Head louse and bodylouse share the

same morphology

• Flattened

dorsoventrally

• 1 pair of antenna

• Clawed feet for

hanging and clinging• Pediculus humanus

capitis, P. humanus

corpris, Phtirus pubis

Pubic louse/crablouse



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Insecta2. Siphonaptera

• Flattenedlaterolaterally

• Long hind leg for

jumping• Xenopsylla

cheopis,Ctenocephalidescanis, C. cati,

Tunga penetrans



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Insecta3. Hemiptera

• Bed bug (Cimex

lectularis)

• Kissing bug

(Triatoma infestans)



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Insecta4. Orthoptera

• Usually flattened dorso-ventrally

• Tough integument, varying in color from chestnut brownto black

• Antennae are filiform and many segmented• Two pairs of wings

• Two pairs of long and well-developed legs, help them torun and swift

• Egg is placed in a bag called ootheca, consists of 15-40eggs



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Periplanata americana

P. bru n nae

Insecta4. Orthoptera



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Blattella germanica

P. aus tralas iae Neostylopyga rhombifolia



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Insecta5. Diptera Suborder Nematocera

Black fly (Simulium)

Biting midge (Leptoconops)



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Sand fly (Phlebotomus)



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Culicidae

(mosquitoes)

• Metamorphosis: egg-larva-pupa-adult

• Female: not hairy antennae

• Male: pulmose antennae

• Culicine:

– Culex

– Mansonia

– Aedes

• Anopheline:

– Anopheles

• Toxorynchitinae: – Toxorynchitis



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Anopheline Vs Culicine



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Anopheline:

Resting

position 45º to

surface

Palp is as

long as

proboscis

(female)

Larvae nosiphon, rest

parallel to

water surface

Culicine:

Resting

position

parallel to

surface

Palp is shorter

than proboscis

Larvae with

siphon, rest at

an angle to

water surface



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Anopheles:

Generally slender, 4-6mm

Egg with air float, laid singly

Larvae no siphon, rest parallel to water surface



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Culex:

Brownish wing scale

Egg raft formation

Larvae with siphon, rest at an angle to

water surface



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Aedes:

Silvery pattern wing scale

Egg spindle shape, laid singly

Larvae with siphon, rest at an angle

to water surface

Aedes aegypti



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Mansonia:

Salt and pepper wing scales

Egg in cluster below the surface of

water plantations

Larvae with siphon, rest at an angle

to water surface



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Culicinae

Mansonia uniformis

Medical important:

Filariasis malayi



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Insecta5. Diptera Suborder Brachycera

Tabanus fly Chrysops fly



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Insecta5. Diptera Suborder Cyclorrapha

Glossina p alpalis (Tse tse fly) Musca domestica (house fly)



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Insecta6. Hymenoptera

Ants (family Formicidae)

Bees (family Apidae)

Wasp (family Vespidae)

• Clear distinction betweeneach of three regions of thebody: head, thorax, andabdomen

• Narrow connectingsegment between thoraxand abdomen (petiole),wasp-waisted appearance

• Stinging apparatus is themodified ovipositor



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ENTOMOLOGY

4. Class Myriapoda



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Myriapoda

Diplopoda Millipedes (kaki seribu)

Teens of legs

Each segment has 2 pairs of leg

Very slow moving

Chilopoda:

Centipedes (kaki seratus)

Each segment has 1 pair of leg

Moving faster than millipedes

Poison claw at the first leg pair



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