Entom-Protoz COSTECH Concept Note 2010

8/8/2019 Entom-Protoz COSTECH Concept Note 2010

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Concept note

Project Title. Ticks and tsetse flies population dynamics, their infection rates, and

the prevalence of tick borne disease and trypanosomosis in pastoral areas in

Tanzania

Investigators: K. A. Mamiro, L.K.Kagaruki,. E Rukambile and H. Magwisha

Address: Central Veterinary Laboratory, Temeke P.O.Box 9254 Dar es Salaam

Total Cost of the Project for year one: 173,000,000/=

Duration: two years.

Location two ecological zones: eastern and central

Background

Tick borne diseases (TBDs) transmitted by ticks and bovine trypanosomosis transmitted

by tsetse flies are major constraints to cattle production in Tanzania. The TBDs namely,

East Coast fever (ECF) , babesiosis, anaplasmosis and heartwater account for about 70%

of total annual cattle deaths with ECF taking a lead of 43% and trypanosomosisaccounting for15%

Control of TBDs on cattle has for many years based on the control of the ticks by dipping

or spraying the animals with acaricides. In recent years synthetic pyrethroid acaricides

have been introduced to control both ticks and tsetse flies. Studies on tick distribution

done by Yeoman and Walker in (1967) and FAO (1977) provide basic information ontick distribution particularly the vectors of ECF. However, this information need to be

updated as there has been a tendency of livestock farmers to move their cattle from one

area to another to search for pasture and water or to obey to the government directives.Other methods of control of TBDs and trypanosomosis is by Chemotherapy using

varieties of drugs and use of vaccine for immunising cattle against ECF using Infectionand Treatment Method (ITM).

The majority of cattle in Tanzania are indigenous and most of them are kept by

pastoralists and small scale farmers. In pastoral areas, some of the pastoralists prefer totreat their animals themselves than relying on the public-private employees because of

various reasons: shortage of livestock extension staff, poor infrastructure and the

tendency of taking cattle far from homestead during dry season seeking greener pasture

and water.

For successful control of ticks and TBDs; tsetse and trypanosomosis existing in pastoral

areas, there is need of updating information on ticks and tsetse distribution, their seasonaloccurrence their population dynamics and their infection rates and the prevalence of

diseases to cattle so that sound control strategies can be formulated and farmers advised

accordingly. In addition, training of elders and herdsmen focusing on treatment andprevention of TBDs and trypanosomosis

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Project objective

To update information on ticks and tsetse distribution, seasonal occurrence, their

population dynamics, their infection rates and prevalence of TBDs and typanosomosis inindigenous cattle in pastoral areas so that the livestock farmers can be given proper

advice on control strategies.

Project outputs

1. Tick and tsetse species, their seasonal occurrence and population dynamics will be

established in the project area and be the source of information for advising the farmersaccordingly.

2. Data on infection rates in ticks and in tsetse flies and prevalence of TBDs and

trypanosomosis in cattle in the study area will be established and will be used in planning

control strategies.3. Awareness will be created to the farmers towards improving tick and tsetse control and

proper use of drugs for treating their animals

Research and Outreach ActivitiesThe project will be carried out in two phases in selected 6 districts of pastoral

communities in two different ecological zones of Tanzania: eastern and centralThe activities to be performed in phase one will be as follows:

Site and farmers selection and Knowledge Attitudes and Practice (KAP) study

Ticks, tsetse flies, blood sera and smears collection for diagnosis

Mapping of ticks and tsetse flies distribution in the study area

Training of elders and herdsmen

The activities to be performed in phase two after mapping for ticks and tstste distribution

the study areas are as follows:

Monthly tick and tsetse fly collections and determination of TBD pathogens in

infected ticks and trypanosomes in infected tsetse flies Blood and sera collection and examination

Sending feedback

Beneficiaries

The pastoralists will benefit from the project by implementing proper advice given on

controlling ticks, tsetse flies and TBDs and trypanosomosis This will lead to the

increased number of animals and sales income, better quality of hides and skins andimproved food security for people.

Risks and Assumptions

Weather conditions might affect the project. Heavy rains might render the areasinaccessible and drought may force the livestock owner to shift their animals to

areas with green pasture where they could not be accessible.

Disease outbreak might lead to imposing quarantine and could impair data

collection

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Logical frame work

Narrative summary Objectively verifiable

indicators

Means of

verification

Important

assumptions

Goal: To improve animal health care

and food security in pastoral areasthrough disease control

-Reduced cattle mortality

due to TBD andtrypanosomosis by 20%-Increased house hold

income

-Annual reports

- DVO records

Purpose:To determine tick and tsetse flies

population dynamics, their infection

rates, seasonal occurrence andprevalence of TBDs and trypanosomosis

in pastoral areas and suggest

appropriate cost-effective control

methods

- 80% of ticks and tsetse fliesspecies identified

- Seasonal occurrence and

abundance of tick species oncattle established

- Infection rates of ticks and

tsetse flies are known

- Prevalence of TBDs andtrypanosomosis on

indigenous cattle established

Laboratoryresults and

annual reports

-Funds availabl- No outbreak o

diseases

- No extremweather

Outputs

- Tick and tsetse flies species and the

relative abundance of each established.- Infection rates of ticks and tsetse flies

established

- Awareness on proper application ofacaricides and use of drugs

-Appropriate control put in place

- Number of ticks for each

species infesting cattle and

species of tsetse fliesdetermined

-Isolation of TBD pathogens

in ticks and trypanosomes intsetse flies

- Number of farmers

applying acaricides anddrugs properly.

-Laboratory

results

-Project report

- No outbreak o

diseases

- No extremweather

Activities:

- selection of farmers/sites and KAP

study

- Collection of Ticks infesting cattle and

tsetse flies for identification

- Blood sampling of cattle for sera,buffy coats and smear preparation

- Determineseasonal occurrence of ticks

species and tsetse flies.

- Determine species of ticks infected

with TBD pathogens and the species of

Budget and milestones

- Budget Tsh 173,000,000/= for one year

- Selection of sites, farmers and KAP study

completed within 3 months

- Species of ticks infesting cattle and species

of tsetse flies in the study areas known within12 months

- TBD pathogens and trypanosome species inthe study area known within 12 months.

- Seasonal occurrence of each tick species on

cattle established in year two

- Species of ticks infected with TBD pathogens

Farmers

willing taccept

recommendatio

ns put forwar by the researc

team

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tsetse flies infected with species of

trypanosomes

- Determine tick and tsetse flies

infection rates for different species

_Training of elders and herdsmen on

treatment and prevention of TBDs andtrypanosomosis

-Information disseminated to the

farmers on proper application ofacaricides and proper use of drugs.

and species of tsetse flies infected with species

of trypanosomes known within 12 months.

- Infection rates known in year two.

- Training of elders and herdsmen on treatmentand prevention of TBDs and trypanosomosis

conducted after 12 months of study

Dissemination of the information to the

farmers conducted after 24 months of research

- Final report writing at the end of the project-

year two.

Financial Summary

Items Year 1 Year 2 Total

Labour costs 10,000,000 10,000,000 20,000,000

Travel (, fuel, transport (hire) 12,000,000 15,000,000 27,000,000

DSA 16,000,000 20,000,000 36,000,000

Technical Assistance (Consultancies) 10,000,000 5,000,000 15,000,000

Expendable supplies 60,000,000 10,000,000 70,000,000

Capital Equipment 40,000,000 - 40,000,000

Training 15,000,000 - 15,000,000

Publications - 1,000,000 1,000,000

Over heads costs (5 %) 10,000,000 5,000,000 15,000,000Total 173,000,00

066,000,000 239,000,000

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Documents

Entom-Protoz COSTECH Concept Note 2010