Entity Relationships for the Bibliographic Universe

Jacquie Samples

September 7,2010

FRBR

FRBRFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

Conceptual model Not a set of rules Uses an entity relationship model, rather than

descriptive analysis, without a structural model Abstraction of how we can think about

bibliographic records to facilitate relationships between data elements and between data and users

Outlined in a 1998 report from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)

FRBR Working for the User

“FRBR is a user-centered model, explicitly relating its organization of entities and attributes to the users tasks identified by the 1998 IFLA modification to the Paris Principles (find, identify, select, and obtain).

From: Antelman, K. (Oct. 2004). Identifying a Serial Works as a Bibliographic Entity. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(4), 238.

FRBR User TasksFind

to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity

Identifyto confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics

Selectto choose an entity that meets the user's requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user's needs

Obtainto acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection

FRBR - Modeling the Bibliographic Universe

Utilizes an entity-relationship framework: Entities (a class of things)Relationships (associations among entities)Attributes (characteristics of the entities)

Group 1 Entities – Works, Expressions, Manifestations and Items

Group 2 Entities – Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families

Group 3 Entities – Subjects

Childress, Eric, CO-ASIS&T Program, Columbus, OH. 21 July 2005. What’s FRBR?

Entity Relationships and FRBRThe first stage of information system

design uses these models during the requirements analysis to describe information needs or the type of information that is to be stored.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model

Artistperforms

Song

NameTitle

was performed byhas has

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Work

Expression

Manifestation

Item

one

many

Physical – Recording of Content

Intellectual/Artistic Content

Group1 Entities

Childress, Eric, CO-ASIS&T Program, Columbus, OH. 21 July 2005. What’s FRBR?

The Work in FRBR

“A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work”

FRBR p. 17. http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf

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Vocabulary

“Book”

–Door prop(item)

–“publication” at bookstore any copy

(manifestation)Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know,

But Were Afraid To Ask

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Vocabulary

“Book”

–Who translated?(expression)

–Who wrote?(work)

Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

What is a “book”?

• Item• Manifestatio

n

• Expression

• Work

I have lost my book.

We should order that book.

I'd like to read that book in French.

That movie is based on my favourite book.

Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA

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Examples1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books

Collection?

2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press text published in 2008?

3. French translation?

4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance?

5. Hamlet?

Item

Manifestation

Expression

Expression

Work

Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 23009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

More Examples of Group 1 Entities

Harry Potter Example http://www.frbr.org/eg/hp-goblet-1.html#

Hitchen, Alison, and Ellen Symons. "Preparing Catalogers for RDA Training." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 47 (2009): 691-707.

Relationships

http://www.loc.gov/cds/downloads/FRBR.PDF

Group 2 Entities

Persons and corporate bodies, responsible for the custodianship of Group 1’s intellectual or artistic endeavor.

source: IFLA, http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm

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Group 2 Entities

Literary ExpressionSongs of Innocence and Experience

PersonBlake, William, 1757-1827

Created byCreates

Artistic ExpressionSongs of Innocence and Experience

Cre

ate

d

by Cre

at

es

FRADFunctional Requirements for Authority DataUser tasks

Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria

Identify: Identify an entity

Clarify (Justify): Document the authority record creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based.

Contextualize (Understand): Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context Example: WorldCat Identities: http://worldcat.org/identities/

Group 3 Entities

Subjects of Group 1 or Group 2’s intellectual endeavor, and include:

conceptsobjectseventsplaces

source: IFLA, http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr_current3.htm

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Group 3 Entities

WorkSongs of Innocence and Experience

PersonBlake, William, 1757-1827

Created byCreates

Concept/Topic

WorkApproaches to Teaching Blake

PersonGleckner, Robert F.

Is Is

Ab

ou

t

Is Subject

of

Has Subject

FRBR/FRAD User tasks in RDA Bibliographic Data Authority Data

FindIdentifySelectObtain

Find IdentifyClarify (Justify)Understand

(Contextualize)

Why FRBR?Why do you need to understand this?

RDA is based on this conceptual modelRDA uses these terms and languageTo make the catalog work best for patrons

If you don’t understand this,It will be difficult to navigate the RDA textIt will harder to use cataloger’s judgment in contextYou won’t form 77X fields correctlyTo use RDA, you have to understand these

concepts and terms, because we can’t cover everything in training (unless you want training to last the rest of your lives)

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Why Do Libraries Need FRBR?Improve the user experience in locating

informationGuide systems designs for the futureGuide rule makers

Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries

Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond

Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

CreditsMany of these slides are based on those

developed by Erin Stalberg for a course developed for UNC-CH SILS: INLS 721, Organization of Materials II

BibliographyAntelman, K. (Oct. 2004). Identifying a Serial Works as a

Bibliographic Entity. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(4), 238.

Childress, Eric, CO-ASIS&T Program, Columbus, OH. 21 July 2005. What’s FRBR?

Riva, Pat. CLA 2010 Conference, Edmonton, Alberta. 2 June 2010. IFLA’s Conceptual Models and RDA

Tillet, Barbara. Library of Congress. March 4, 2009. FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask