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UCN `djdrfch t}fjch db lks cd adrrfikdjsf} cd ntdjsd fokdrsf ipbko* ^dr assu7((mhcd*udckfurd}}*mhi( ufrf if{hr kjnhrifmkýj* UCN `djdrfsdc fs7 Nrk" 5; Cdm ?566 5?7637?> TSM Djsdjckdjch Mkmbh} Tj fbmfjmd ufrf mhiurdjcdr db Mkmbh Ifd}srh h Urkifrkh cd tj Kj}srtidjsh h Idrmfch Nkjfjmkdrh

Entendiendo Ciclos

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UCN ̀ djdrfch t}fjch db lks cd adrrfikdjsf} cd ntdjsd fokdrsf ipbko* ̂ dr assu7((mhcd*udckfurd}}*mhi( ufrf if{hr kjnhrifmkýj*

UCN ̀ djdrfsdc fs7 Nrk" 5; Cdm ?566 5?7637?> TSM

Djsdjckdjch Mkmbh}Tj fbmfjmd ufrf mhiurdjcdr db Mkmbh

Ifd}srh h Urkifrkh cd tj Kj}srtidjsh hIdrmfch Nkjfjmkdrh

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Mhjsdjkch}

Frsémtbh}

Mkmbh !cd}fiok`tfmkýj+ 6

Mkmbh dmhjýikmh ?

Mrk}k} mémbkmf} 6=

Nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf} 6>

Nkbsrh cd Ahcrkml)Urd}mhss 60

Sdhréf ft}sréfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh 6;

Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss ??

Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~ ?4

_dndrdjmkf}

Ntdjsd} { mhjsrkot{djsd} cdb frsémtbh =>

Ntdjsd} cd kif`dj" Bkmdjmkf} { mhjsrkot{djsd} =0

Bkmdjmkf} cd frsémtbh}

Bkmdjmkf =1

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Mkmbh !cd}fiok`tfmkýj+ 6

Mkmbh !cd}fiok`tfmkýj+

Mkmbh ]drkd cd nf}d} uhr bf} vtd uf}f tj ndjýidjh udrkýckmh af}sf vtd }d rdurhctmd tjf nf}d fjsdrkhr*

  tjf okmkmbdsf !}d t}f itmah db sërikjh mkmbh dj bh} rd`bfidjsh} cd mhjctmmkýj+

  dj bksdrfstrf7

  Dufjfckubh}k} h mkmbh !nk`trf rdsýrkmf+

  Mkmbh ëukmh

  Mkmbh srh{fjh

  tjf nhrif cd d}srtmstrfr bh} mtr}h} cd bf dctmfmkýj urkifrkf*

  rdudskmkýj cd mtfbvtkdr ndjýidjh udrkýckmh h mtf}kudrkýckmh" dj vtd srfj}mtrrkch tj mkdrsh skdiuh db d}sfch cdb

}k}sdif h fb`tjf} if`jkstcd} cdb ik}ih ~tdb~dj f tjf mhjnk`trfmkýj fjsdrkhr !~dr adrmkh+

  urhmd}h} vtd }kdiurd }k`tdj bf} ik}if} nf}d} dj db ik}ih hrcdj" mhih utdcd }dr mtfbvtkdrf cd bh} }k`tkdjsd}

~éjmtbh}7

Okhbh`éf  Mkmbh mfrcéfmh

  Mkmbh mdbtbfr

  Mkmbh }dqtfb ndidjkjh

  Mkmbh cd ~kcf

Dmhjhiéf

  Mkmbh dmhjýikmh

  Mrk}k} mémbkmf}

Né}kmf

  Mkmbh cd tjf hjcf

  Mkmbh MJH

@dhbh`éf

  Mkmbh }tudrmhjskjdjsfb

Kjnhriæskmf

  Mkmbh h otmbd*

  Mkmbh cd kj}srtmmkýj*

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Mkmbh !cd}fiok`tfmkýj+ ?

Ifsdiæskmf

  Mkmbh afikbshjkfjh

  Mkmbh !udritsfmkýj+

  @rfnh mkmbh

Sdrihckjæikmf

  Mkmbh cd Mfrjhs

  Mkmbh mhiokjfch

  Mkmbh Ikbbdr

  Mkmbh Hssh

  Mkmbh sdrihckjæikmh

Okh`dhvtéikmf

  Okh}ndrf

  Mkmbh cdb f`tf  Mkmbh cdb fwtnrd

  Mkmbh cdb mfrohjh

  Mkmbh cdb ný}nhrh

  Mkmbh cdb jksrý`djh

  Mkmbh cdb hqé`djh

  Mkmbh cdb mfbmkh

Mkmbh dmhjýikmh

]d cdjhikjfj mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} h mkmbh} mhidrmkfbd} h nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf} cd bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf f bf}

h}mkbfmkhjd} rdmtrrdjsd} cd bf dmhjhiéf dj bf} vtd tjf nf}d cd dqufj}kýj ~f }d`tkcf cd hsrf cd mhjsrfmmkýj" }d`tkcf

f }t ~dw cd dqufj}kýj { f}é }tmd}k~fidjsd* Bf mhjsrfmmkýj `djdrf mhih rd}tbsfch tjf mrk}k} dmhjýikmf vtd fndmsf dj

nhrif jd`fsk~f bf dmhjhiéf cd ikbbhjd} cd udr}hjf}*

Ufrf Pd}bd{ Iksmadbb" bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} }hj ndjýidjh} d}udménkmh} cd bf} dmhjhiéf} of}fcf} dj db ckjdrh { bf

fmsk~kcfc mhidrmkfb" dj bf} vtd bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf d}sæ hr`fjkwfcf idckfjsd diurd}f} vtd ot}mfj ifqkikwfr }t}

odjdnkmkh}*

Ufrf bf mhrrkdjsd cdb ld{jd}kfjk}ih bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} }hj kjd~ksfobd} udrh idckfjsd mkdrsf} idckcf}" mhih db

kjmrdidjsh cdb `f}sh u÷obkmh" }d utdcdj fikjhrfr }t} mh}sh} dmhjýikmh} dj db rd}sh cd bf uhobfmkýj*Bh} dmhjhik}sf} cd bf d}mtdbf ft}sréfmf dbfohrfrhj bf sdhréf ft}sréfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh idckfjsd bf mtfb urhuhjdj

bf }hbtmkýj fb urhobdif* ^frkh} cd }t} ikdiorh}" djsrd bh} vtd }d djmtdjsrf Btcpk` ~hj Ik}d}" urdckgdrhj

mhrrdmsfidjsd bf} mrk}k} cd 6;?;" 6;10" ?556 { ?551" djsrd hsrf}*

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh =

Cdnkjkmkýj

Bf cdnkjkmkýj mbæ}kmf cd F* N* Otrj} { P* M Iksmadbb !6;3>+ d} bf }k`tkdjsd7

 Bh} mkmbh} cd bh} jd`hmkh} }hj tj skuh cd nbtmstfmkýj dj bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf f`rd`fcf cd bf} jfmkhjd}

mt{f fmsk~kcfc d}sæ hr`fjkwfcf urkjmkufbidjsd dj diurd}f} btmrfsk~f}7 tj mkmbh mhj}k}sd cd dqufj}khjd} vtd

skdjdj bt`fr furhqkifcfidjsd f bf ~dw dj itmaf} fmsk~kcfcd} dmhjýikmf}" }d`tkcf} uhr rdmd}khjd}"

mhjsrfmmkhjd} { rdmtudrfmkhjd} k`tfbidjsd `djdrfbd} vtd mhjnbt{dj dj bf nf}d cd dqufj}kýj cdb mkmbh

}k`tkdjsd< bf }dmtdjmkf cd mfiokh} d} rdmtrrdjsd udrh jh udrkýckmf< dj ctrfmkýj bh} mkmbh} cd bh} jd`hmkh}

 utdcdj ~frkfr cd}cd uhmh iæ} cd tj föh af}sf ckdw h chmd föh}< jh }hj ck~k}kobd} dj mkmbh} iæ} mhrsh} cd

mfræmsdr }kikbfr mhj fiubkstcd} ufrdmkcf}*

Idckmkýj d}sfcé}skmf

Cd}cd db }k`bh QKQ" bh} d}stckh}h} cd bf dmhjhiéf jhsfrhj crfiæskmf} mfécf} cd bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf f kjsdr~fbh}

~frkfobd} cd 0 f 65 föh}* Dj 61>=" db nrfjmë} Mbdidjs Gt`bfr cdih}srý mhj urtdof} d}sfcé}skmf} vtd bf} mrk}k} jh drfj

ndjýidjh} fk}bfch}" }kjh ufrsd cd tjf nbtmstfmkýj mémbkmf cd bf fmsk~kcfc mhidrmkfb otr}æskb d kjct}srkfb { vtd bh}

udréhch} cd urh}udrkcfc { mrk}k} }d }d`téfj tjh} f hsrh}* Cd}cd udr}udmsk~f} ck}skjsf}" sfjsh bf dmhjhiéf ifrqk}sfmhih bf d}mtdbf ft}sréfmf afj urhntjckwfch dj db d}stckh cd bf} mft}f} d}srtmstrfbd} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh { bf} mrk}k}*

Mhih bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} }hj krrd`tbfrd}" mhih bf} cdiæ} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf}" }hj hbdfcf} rdmtrrdjsd} cd

dqufj}kýj { mhjsrfmmkýj vtd jh skdjdj tj bfu}h nkgh* ]d ck}skj`tdj cd bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} d}sfmkhjfbd} uhr bf jfstrfbdwf

cd }t rksih7 bf} d}sfmkhjd} !uhr dgdiubh bf} d}sfmkhjd} cdb föh+ skdjdj rksih nkgh h rd`tbfr" dj mfiokh bf}

nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf} skdjdj tj rksih ~frkfobd h krrd`tbfr" ftjvtd tj ihcdbh næmkb cd rdmhjhmdr*

Ftj mtfjch bh} mkmbh} jh }d cd}dj~tdb~dj dj udréhch} nkgh} cd skdiuh jk dj }dmtdjmkf} rd`tbfrd} cd }tmd}h}" utdcdj

}dr idckch}" sfb { mhih bh afj cdih}srfch bf} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} cd L{cbfjc { Urd}mhss !6;1?" 6;;5" 6;;4+* Bf}

}tmd}k~f} nf}d} cd dqufj}kýj !h urh}udrkcfc" h ft`d+ { mhjsrfmmkýj !h rdmd}kýj" h cdurd}kýj" h mrk}k}+ utdcdj idckr}d

{ d}stckfr}d idckfjsd bh} iëshch} cd bf d}sfcé}skmf { bf dmhjhidsréf" vtd urhuhrmkhjfj rdmtr}h} ufrf ckndrdjmkfr bf}

d}sfmkhjd} cd bh} mkmbh} { ufrf cd}mfrsfr cd tjf }drkd mrhjhbý`kmf bf} sdjcdjmkf} f bfr`h ubfwh { fk}bfr f}é bf}

nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf} !~*` db Nkbsrh cd Ahcrkml)Urd}mhss+ { fcdiæ} udriksdj ckndrdjmkfr bf} ~frkfobd} vtd kjnbt{dj h

cdsdrikjfj db mkmbh { fvtdbbf} kjcdudjckdjsd} cd ëb*

Ftjvtd bh} d}stckh} f bfr`h ubfwh utdcdj djmhjsrfr bf ctrfmkýj urhidckh cd cdsdrikjfcf nbtmstfmkýj mémbkmf" d}

kiuh}kobd urdcdmkr bf ctrfmkýj cd mfcf mkmbh" bf mtfb jh utdcd cdctmkr}d cdb urhidckh" jk cd bf ctrfmkýj cdb mkmbh

fjsdrkhr jk cd bf cd fb`÷j `rtuh cd mkmbh} urdmdcdjsd}* Dj mfiokh d} uh}kobd kj~d}sk`fr { cdsdrikjfr bf mhiubdgf

kjsdrrdbfmkýj cd mhiuhjdjsd} jdmd}frkh} { fbdfshrkh} vtd mfrfmsdrkwfj bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf} cd bf ~kcf

dmhjýikmf*

Nf}d}Utdcd mhj}kcdrfr}d mfcf mkmbh mhj}skstkch uhr mtfsrh nf}d}7

  Ft`d7 D} db ihidjsh iæ} dbd~fch cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh* Dj d}sd utjsh }d urhctmdj tjf }drkd cd rk`kcdmd} vtd

kjsdrrtiudj db mrdmkikdjsh cd bf dmhjhiéf" urhukmkfjch db mhikdjwh cd tjf nf}d cd rdmd}kýj*

  _dmd}kýj7 Mhrrd}uhjcd f bf nf}d cd}mdjcdjsd cdb mkmbh* Dj bf rdmd}kýj }d urhctmd tjf mfécf kiuhrsfjsd cd bf

kj~dr}kýj" bf urhctmmkýj { db diubdh* Tjf mrk}k} d} tjf rdmd}kýj ufrskmtbfridjsd fortusf* ]k fcdiæ} ctrfjsd bf

rdmd}kýj bf dmhjhiéf mfd uhr cdofgh cdb jk~db iéjkih cd bf rdmd}kýj fjsdrkhr d}sfih} nrdjsd f tjf mhjsrfmmkýj*

  Cdurd}kýj7 db utjsh iæ} ofgh cdb mkmbh* ]d mfrfmsdrkwf uhr tj fbsh jk~db cd cd}diubdh { tjf ofgf cdifjcf cd bh}

mhj}tikchrd} dj rdbfmkýj mhj bf mfufmkcfc urhctmsk~f cd okdjd} cd mhj}tih* Ctrfjsd d}sf nf}d bh} urdmkh} ofgfj

h udrifjdmdj d}sfobd}*

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 3

  _dmtudrfmkýj h rdfmsk~fmkýj7 D} bf nf}d f}mdjcdjsd cdb mkmbh* ]d urhctmd tjf rdjh~fmkýj cdb mfuksfb vtd skdjd

dndmsh} itbskubkmfchrd} }hord bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf `djdrfjch tjf nf}d cd mrdmkikdjsh dmhjýikmh { uhr sfjsh cd

}tudrfmkýj cd bf mrk}k}* Bf dmhjhiéf d}sæ dj dqufj}kýj mtfjch bf fmsk~kcfc `djdrfb dj bf nf}d cd rdmtudrfmkýj

}tudrf db ft`d cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh kjidckfsfidjsd fjsdrkhr*

Jh ho}sfjsd" af{ itmaf kiurdmk}kýj dj db t}h cd d}sh} sërikjh}* F idjtch }d t}f cdurd}kýj }kiubdidjsd ufrf

kjckmfr tjf rdmd}kýj ufrskmtbfridjsd kjsdj}f" uhr dgdiubh }k bf sf}f cd cd}diubdh dqmdcd cdb 65$*Ck~dr}f} ~frkfobd} dmhjýikmf} { }hmkfbd} mfiokfj dj rdbfmkýj mhj bf} nf}d} cdb mkmbh* ]d cdjhikjfj urhmémbkmf} bf}

~frkfobd} vtd ~fréfj dj ufrfbdbh f bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf" d} cdmkr vtd ftidjsfj dj bf dqufj}kýj { ck}ikjt{dj dj bf

rdmd}kýj* Bf iæ} séukmf cd d}sf} ~frkfobd} d} db urhctmsh kjsdrjh ortsh" ihsk~h uhr db mtfb }tdbd }dr shifcf mhih

rdndrdjmkf cdb ihidjsh cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh* Hsrf} ~frkfobd} urhmémbkmf} }hj uhr dgdiubh bf fmsk~kcfc kjct}srkfb" bf

rdmftcfmkýj nk}mfb" db mhj}tih cd djdr`éf" h bf} ahrf} cd srfofgh }difjfb urhidckh kj}tikcf} dj bf kjct}srkf* Bf}

sf}f} cd jtumkfbkcfc { cd }kjkd}srh} ftshih~kbé}skmh} }hj sfiokëj urhmémbkmf}*

]d cdjhikjfj mhjsrfmémbkmf} bf} ~frkfobd} vtd skdjcdj f ck}ikjtkr ctrfjsd bf nf}d cd dqufj}kýj { f ftidjsfr ctrfjsd

bf mhjsrfmmkýj* ]hj mhjsrfmémbkmf} uhr dgdiubh bf sf}f cd cd}diubdh" bf} vtkdorf} diurd}frkfbd} { bf sf}f cd }tkmkckh}*

]d cdjhikjfj fmémbkmf} bf} ~frkfobd} mt{h} mfiokh} jh d}sæj f}hmkfch} f bh} mfiokh} cd bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf*

Mtfjch tjf ~frkfobd h kjckmfchr mfiokf cd nhrif urhmémbkmf h mhjsrfmémbkmf" bf ~frkfmkýj utdcd cfr}d cd nhrif

fcdbfjsfcf" mtfjch bf ~frkfobd }d fcdbfjsf fb mkmbh `djdrfb" cdb vtd db UKO }tdbd shifr}d mhih éjckmd !uhr dgdiubh"

}hj ~frkfobd} urhmémbkmf} fcdbfjsfcf} bf} `fjfjmkf} diurd}frkfbd} { bf} ahrf} }difjfbd} urhidckh kj}tikcf} dj bf

kjct}srkf+* Dj mfiokh" }d ckmd vtd tjf ~frkfobd d} rdsfrcfcf mtfjch mfiokf mhj tj cd}nf}d h rdsfrch rd}udmsh fb

mkmbh `djdrfb !uhr dgdiubh" bf sf}f cd cd}diubdh }tdbd ih~dr}d mhjsrfmémbkmfidjsd mhj tj rdsfrch cd tjh h ~frkh}

srkid}srd} mhj rd}udmsh fb mkmbh `djdrfb+* ]k ch} ~frkfobd} mfiokfj }kitbsæjdfidjsd mhj rd}udmsh fb mkmbh" }d ckmdj

mhkjmkcdjsd}*

Mbf}d}

]d afj cd}mrksh ck~dr}h} skuh} cd mkmbh} dmhjýikmh} `djdrfbd} { mkmbh} }dmshrkfbd}* Bh} `djdrfbd} }dréfj7

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  Idckh} h cd Gt`bfr" 1 föh} { idckh dj urhidckh< }d ck}skj`tkréfj uhr bf urd}djmkf cd ft`d} { mrk}k} mémbkmf}*

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urhbhj`fch} { iæ} ntdrsd}" bf} mrk}k} }hj }tf~d} { bf} rdmd}khjd}" mhrsf}< ctrfjsd bf cdurd}kýj" bh} f}mdj}h} }hj

cëokbd} { mhrsh}" bf} mrk}k} it{ ntdrsd} { bf} rdmd}khjd}" urhbhj`fcf}" af}sf fbmfjwfr db `rfch cd cdurd}khjd}

dmhjýikmf} `djdrfbd}*

D}sf sfqhjhiéf cd bh} mkmbh} d} mtd}skhjfcf uhr itmah} kj~d}sk`fchrd}" cdokch }hord shch f bf ft}djmkf cd sdhréf}

vtd utdcfj dqubkmfr bf dqk}sdjmkf cd udrkhch} cd ctrfmkýj urdd}sfobdmkcf dj bf fmsk~kcfc dmhjýikmf* F}é" uhr

dgdiubh" dj bf mrhjhbh`éf `djdrfbidjsd fmdusfcf cdb Jfskhjfb Otrdft hn Dmhjhikm _d}dfrma bh} mkmbh} }hbh }dcdnkjdj uhr }t} nf}d} cd dqufj}kýj { rdmd}kýj }kj vtd jfckd dj `djdrfb }d urdhmtud cd kjcf`fr }k }d srfsf cd mkmbh} cd

Lksmakj h cd Gt`bfr*

Mkmbh} }dmshrkfbd} vtd fb`tjh} kj~d}sk`fchrd} }döfbfj }hj uhr dgdiubh db cdb }dmshr cd bf mhj}srtmmkýj" vtd sdjcréf 61

föh} dj urhidckh* Uhr hsrf ufrsd" _fbua Jdb}hj Dbbkhss" fb ho}dr~fr bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} cd bf Ohb}f cd ~fbhrd}" djmhjsrý

cdjsrh cd mfcf mkmbh !cdb iæ} bfr`h af}sf db iæ} mhrsh+ hmah /hjcf}/7 srd} kiutb}h} cd f}mdj}h mhj ch} mhrrdmmkhjd}

{ btd`h ch} cd}mdj}h} mhj tjf mhrrdmmkýj*

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kjd}sfokbkcfc cd bh} idrmfch} nkjfjmkdrh}" cd fmtdrch mhj bf kj~d}sk`fmkýj cd A{ifj Ikj}l{*

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 4

Sdhréf cdb mkmbh

Bf} urkidrf} }k}sdifskwfmkhjd} `djdrfbd} cd bf} ck~dr}f} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} urd~kf} }hord db mkmbh dmhjýikmh }d bd

cdodj f Pd}bd{ Iksmadbb" vtkdj dqut}h if`k}srfbidjsd db cd}frrhbbh mémbkmh" { f ]matiudsdr !6;=;+ vtkdj cdnkjký db

/ihcdbh srkmémbkmh/*

Bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj hobk`ý f urhntjckwfr bh} d}stckh} mkdjsénkmh} }hord d}sd sdif" udrh tjf ~dw sdrikjfcf bf KK @tdrrf

Itjckfb" fb urhctmkr}d bf dqufj}kýj cd tj jtd~h mkmbh bfr`h" }d cd}mtkcý db d}stckh cdb mkmbh { }d bbd`ý f `djdrfbkwfrbf mrddjmkf }d`÷j bf mtfb drf uh}kobd drrfckmfr bf} mrk}k} cdb mrdmkikdjsh dmhjýikmh" kjmbt}h djsrd dmhjhik}sf} sfj

jhsfobd} mhih Uftb ]fitdb}hj* Ntdrhj bf dqmdumkýj srfofgh} mhih bh} cd Gfid} Frsatr D}sd{ !6;4>+" Drjd}s

Ifjcdb" Gfj Skjodr`dj { ]sfjk}bf~ Idj}aklh~*

Bf} kbt}khjd} ckdrhj uf}h f bf rdfbkcfc cd}utë} cd 6;>1 { d}udmkfbidjsd srf} bf mrk}k} kjsdrjfmkhjfb cd 6;0=* Cd}cd bf

udr}udmsk~f cd bf /Jtd~f Dmhjhiéf Mbæ}kmf/" _hodrs Btmf} !6;04+ nhritbh tj ihcdbh cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh* Ifjcdb

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sfbd} f`djsd} sdrikjf uhr rdnhrwfr bf} mft}f} cd bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf}*

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mhiufskobd mhj bf dqk}sdjmkf cd mkmbh}* Uhr sfb rfwýj bf} nhritbfmkhjd} fbsdrjfsk~f} afj ifjsdjkch kjsdrë} { }d afj

djnrdjsfch f bf} sdhréf} cdb mkmbh cd}cd db ]k`bh QKQ*

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nbtmstfmkhjd} }kikbfrd} f bf} ho}dr~fcf} dj }drkd} ak}sýrkmf} rdfbd} cd ~fbhrd} cd kjnbfmkýj" diubdh h kj~dr}kýj* ]d`÷j

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}d`téfj tj uf}dh fbdfshrkh" }kdjch shsfbidjsd fbdfshrkh} { }kj mhiuhjdjsd} mémbkmh}* ]kdjch tj srfofgh ukhjdrh" db

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/ uf}dh fbdfshrkh/+ vtd fubkmý f bh} urdmkh} cdb fb`hcýj* Db t}h cd bf ck}srkotmkýj cd Bë~{ ot}mý dqubkmfr bf} `rfjcd}

nbtmstfmkhjd} dj bh} idrmfch}*

Dj 6;;4" ch} né}kmh}" _h}frkh Ifjsd`jf { Dt`djd A* ]sfjbd{" fjfbkwfrhj mdrmf cd tj ikbbýj cd rd`k}srh} cdb idrmfch

cd ~fbhrd} cd bh} mkjmh föh} fjsdrkhrd} { urhut}kdrhj db ihcdbh cd ~tdbh cd Bë~{ srtjmfch" fb djmhjsrfr bf

ck}srkotmkýj d}sfof f idckh mfikjh djsrd tj uf}dh fbdfshrkh `ft}kfjh { tj ~tdbh cd Bë~{* Sfiokëj djmhjsrfrhj

ck}srkotmkhjd} }kikbfrd} kjcdudjckdjsd} cd bf d}mfbf sdiuhrfb" d}sf urhukdcfc cd ftsh}kikbfrkcfc d}sæ f}hmkfcf f

ntjmkhjd} nrfmsfbd}* Tj ihcdbh d}shmæ}skmh urdmk}h d}sæ ftj uhr cd}mtorkr}d*

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh >

Sdhréf cdb mkmbh rdfb 

Ufrskdjch cd d}d skuh cd djnhvtd}" fubkmfch} f nbtmstfmkhjd} cd bf cdifjcf f`rd`fcf" Nkjj D* L{cbfjc { Dcpfrc M*

Urd}mhss" `fjfchrd} cdb urdikh Jhodb cd dmhjhiéf cd ?553" afj rdfbkwfch }t} d}stckh} }hord bf sdhréf cdb mkmbh rdfb*

]t} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} d}sfcé}skmf} { dmhjhiësrkmf} afj udrikskch cdsdrikjfr vtë nfmshrd} h ~frkfobd} }d mhrrdbfmkhjfj

ckrdmsf h kj~dr}fidjsd mhj bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} mémbkmf}* Fb`tjf} cd d}sf} ~frkfobd} }hj dqý`djf} h kjctmkcf}" vtd

f`tckwfj h }tf~kwfj bf} h}mkbfmkhjd} { utdcdj }dr mhjsrhbfcf} h urh~hmfcf} uhr bf uhbéskmf dmhjýikmf" dj sfjsh hsrf}afmdj ufrsd cdb mfræmsdr ik}ih cd bf `fjfjmkf mfuksfbk}sf { }hj" uhr mhj}k`tkdjsd" ihshrd} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh"

cd}sfmfjch bh} /mahvtd} rdfbd}/ uhr }hord bh} /mahvtd} ihjdsfrkh}/* Fcdiæ}" db djnhvtd cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh rdfb

rdmh`d bf ckndrdjmkfmkýj djsrd ntdjsd} cd udrstrofmkýj { idmfjk}ih} cd urhuf`fmkýj" urhutd}sf uhr _f`jfr Nrk}ma f

mhikdjwh} cd bf cëmfcf cdb srdkjsf*

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cdifjcf cd srfofgh }d dqufjckræ" { db }fbfrkh rdfb }d dbd~fræ" uhrvtd }d kjmrdidjsf bf urhctmsk~kcfc cd bh} nfmshrd}"

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uhcéf mhjbbd~fr bf} }dikbbf} cd bf rdmd}kýj*

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urhctmmkýj sfrcý sfjsh skdiuh dj rdmtudrfr}d iæ} vtd uhr vtë }d urhctgh bf mfécf dj bf urhctmmkýj dj urkidr bt`fr*

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nrf`kbkcfc nkjfjmkdrf kjsréj}dmf f bf ifrmaf jhrifb cd bf dmhjhiéf { dj bf mhiurdj}kýj cd bf} mrk}k} nkjfjmkdrf}*

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mrk}k}* Db rd}tbsfch d} tjf mhjsrfmmkýj cdb mrëcksh" kjmbt}h ufrf fvtdbbf} mhiuföéf} vtd }é utdcdj uf`frbh" ihidjshdj vtd bf dmhjhiéf djsrf dj rdmd}kýj* Tjf mfrfmsdré}skmf ntjcfidjsfb cd jtd}srf dmhjhiéf/ d}mrkoký Ikj}l{ dj

6;03" /d} vtd db }k}sdif nkjfjmkdrh h}mkbf djsrd bf rhot}sdw { bf nrf`kbkcfc" { d}f h}mkbfmkýj d} ufrsd kjsd`rfjsd cdb

urhmd}h vtd `djdrf bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh}*/

Ikmrhdmhjhiéf

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cd bh} d}mdjfrkh} cd `drdjmkf cd rkd}`h { cd }kjmrhjkwfmkýj cd bf kj~dr}kýj" d}udmkfbidjsd dj db mfuksfb cd

kjnrfd}srtmstrf vtd fihrskwfobd dj udréhch} bfr`h}" { vtd cdod nkjfjmkfr}d uhr ih~kikdjsh} cd dndmsk~h} dj ÷bskih}

föh} cd bf kj~dr}kýj* Fb ubfjknkmfr sfbd} kj~dr}khjd} `rfjcd} d} ÷skb fjskmkufr db mkmbh dmhjýikmh mhih béjdf cd nhjch"

ufrf dbkikjfr urh{dmmkhjd} jh rfwhjfobd}" mhih }tuhjdr tj mrdmkikdjsh dquhjdjmkfb mhj}sfjsd*

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 0

Urhobdif} cd idckmkýj

Fb`tjh} mrkskmfj vtd bf} kj~d}sk`fmkhjd} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh ikcfj f idjtch db mrdmkikdjsh" t}fjch kjckmfchrd}

cdndmsth}h} cd bf urhctmmkýj f`rd`fcf" h db Urhctmsh kjsdrjh ortsh UKO rdfb" vtd jh d} ÷skb ufrf idckr db okdjd}sfr h

bf mfbkcfc cd ~kcf cd bf uhobfmkýj* ]d fr`tidjsf vtd af{ tj cd}fgt}sd djsrd bf nhrif mhih udrmkod db d}sfch cd bf

}fbtc dmhjýikmf bf if{hréf cd bf `djsd { mhih bh udrmkodj bh} ofjvtdrh} h bh} dmhjhik}sf}* Kjcdudjckdjsdidjsd cd

bf} mhj}kcdrfmkhjd} }hord db cd}frrhbbh ifmrhdmhjýikmh f bfr`h ubfwh" bh} dmhjhik}sf} { bh} ofjvtdrh} utdcdj sdjdrrfwýj tskbkwfr db UKO ~drcfcdrh fb d}stckfr bh} mkmbh} dmhjýikmh}* Cd}utë} cd shch" }hj bf} nbtmstfmkhjd} dj db UKO

rdfb" jh fvtdbbf} vtd ikcdj db okdjd}sfr" bf} vtd mft}fj mfiokh} dj db diubdh" bf} sf}f} cd kjsdrë}" { bf kjnbfmkýj" d}

cdmkr bh} kjckmfchrd} dmhjýikmh} vtd }hj bf urdhmtufmkýj urkjmkufb cd bh} dqudrsh} cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh* Uhr hsrf

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ifsdrkfbd}' h urhctmsk~f} { 'dqufj}khjd} nkjfjmkdrf}'* @kh~fjjk Frrk`ak" it{ kjnbtdjmkfch uhr bf udr}udmsk~f cdb

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mfuksfbk}ih idrmfjskb* Udrh }dræj srd} ufé}d} bh} vtd }dfj mfufmd} cd mrdfr { t}fr dj }t odjdnkmkh tjf rdc cd

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Sdhréf ft}srkfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh

Bf} urkjmkufbd} horf} cd d}sf d}mtdbf" kiuhrsfjsd dj D}sfch} Tjkch} d Kj`bfsdrrf" jh afj }kch srfctmkcf} dj d}uföhb"

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!Sad _hfc sh ]drnchi" 6;33+*

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 1

Bf sdhréf ft}sréfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh ntd cd}frrhbbfcf uhr dmhjhik}sf} cd bf bbfifcf d}mtdbf cd ^kdjf" mt{h

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Mfuksfb/" 6;36+ { Itrrf{ _hsaofrc !/Bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj/" 6;>=+* Ik}d} { Af{dl at{drhj cd Ft}srkf uhr db jfwk}ih*

Ik}d} dj}döý dj @kjdorf { Af{dl dj Kj`bfsdrrf* Btd`h fioh} dj}döfrhj dj bh} D}sfch} Tjkch}* Dmhjhik}sf} iæ}

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f}udmsh} cd d}sf sdhréf* Fb`tjh} cd bh} iæ} fmsk~h} dj db }k`bh QQ ntdrhj Ghaj Ndssdr" Bkhjdb _hookj}" @hssnrkdc ~hj

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 65

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 66

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Mkmbh dmhjýikmh 6?

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Mrk}k} mémbkmf} 63

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Mrk}k} mémbkmf} 64

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Hrh{Nkjfjwf}

\66Y Af{ vtd fohbkr bh} ofjmh} mdjsrfbd} !assu7((ppp*  gtfjcdifrkfjf* hr`(mhidjsfrkh(?;=0(af{(fohbkr(ofjmh}(mdjsrfbd}(+" uhr Gtfj Ihrkbbh

\6?Y Af{ vtd urk~fskwfr bf ihjdcf !assu7((ppp*  gtfjcdifrkfjf* hr`(mhidjsfrkh(?;10(af{(urk~fskwfr(ihjdcf(+" uhr Gtfj Ihrkbbh

\6=Y Sad @rdfs Cdurd}}khj !assu7((dj* pklkudckf* hr`(pklk(Ft}srkfjXSadhr{XhnXsadXOt}kjd}}XM{mbd-SadX@rdfsXCdurd}}khj+

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cd}diubdh(+" uhr Gtfj Ihrkbbh

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Sdhréf ft}sréfmf cdb mkmbh dmhjýikmh ??

Okobkh`rfnéf

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uhr Jkmhbf} Mfmafjh}l{

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`rænkmf* D}sæ of}fcf dj bf sdhréf cd Chp { d} tj f~fjmd }k`jknkmfsk~h mhj rd}udmsh f dbbf*

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mhj }t bkorh Urkjmkukh cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss !6;01+ bf akwh uhutbfr*

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sdjcdjmkf* Dj bf urkidrf dsfuf fbmk}sf bf} hjcf} 6" = { 4 sfiokëj }hj fbmk}sf}" uhr bh sfjsh ~fj f nf~hr cd bf sdjcdjmkf

{ }hj mhj}kcdrfcf} hjcf} cd kiutb}h" dj mfiokh" bf ? { bf 3 jh }hj fbmk}sf} uhr bh vtd }d mhj}kcdrfj hjcf}

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utdcdj }dr >)= 0)= h iæ} ~frkfobd} udrh bf iæ} mhi÷j d} db ihcdbh 4)=*

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Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss ?=

@rænkmh cd bf Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss

Cd}mtorký sfiokëj vtd bf} hjcf} d}sfofj ck~kcf} dj

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  Mkmbh ) tj föh f ~frkh} föh}

  Urkifrkh ) tjh} uhmh} id}d} f tj föh

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tjkræ f bf jtd~f sdjcdjmkf fbmk}sf* Bf hjcf = }tdbd dqsdjcdr}d tj rfskh cd 6*>6176*

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Sdhréf cd bf} Hjcf} cd Dbbkhss ?3

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itmah} kjckmfchrd} mhikdjwfj f ih}srfr ck~dr`djmkf} !bh} urdmkh} fbmfjwfræj jtd~h} iæqkih} ikdjsrf} bh}

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Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~ ?4

Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~

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bf uhbéskmf ihjdsfrkf" idckcf} mhih bf ofgf cd bf} sf}f} cd kjsdrë}" }d tskbkwfj ufrf ftidjsfr bh} urë}sfih} {

d}skitbfr db mrdmkikdjsh* Mhih }dqut}kdrj _dkjafrs { _h`hnn" bf cdtcf dqmd}k~f u÷obkmf { urk~fcf" kjsdrjf { dqsdrjf"

af bbd~fch rdudskcfidjsd f bf} mrk}k} nkjfjmkdrf} dj mf}k shch} bh} ufé}d}" f bh bfr`h cd bh} ÷bskih} ch} }k`bh}*\??Y D}sf}

mrk}k} }tdbdj sdrikjfr dj j uf`h} { rdd}srtmstrfmkhjd}" ftjvtd f ~dmd} idckfjsd cd`rfcfmkýj cd bf ihjdcf ur bf

kjnbfmkýj* Bh} fbsh} jk~dbd} cd cdtcf jhrifbidjsd sfrcfj föh} ufrf rd~drskr}d { mrdfj tjf cdurd}kýj urhbhj`fcf"

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Bf} mhjdqkhjd} djsrd cdurd}kýj { cdtcf ctrfjsd bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj" ntdrhj kj~d}sk`fcf} uhr Kr~kj` Nk}adr dj  Ohhi}

fjc Cdurd}}khj}*\?=Y

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Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~ ?;

Dj bh} D}sfch} Tjkch}" cd}cd db mhikdjwh cdb }k`bh QQ atoh ufrsd} cd ch} mkmbh} cd bfr`h ubfwh cd bf cdtcf shsfb

mhih uhrmdjsfgd cdb UKO* Ctrfjsd db urkidr mkmbh }d ftidjsý bf cdtcf" af}sf bf mrk}k} cd 6;?;" cd}utë} cd bh mtfb bf

rdbfmkýj cdtcf(UKO }d ck}ufrý f mdrmf cd ?>5$" dj idckh cd bf @rfj Cdurd}kýj* Bf rdbfmkýj cdtcf(UKO }d rdctgh

cd}utë} cd bf cdurd}kýj { fbmfjwý tj iéjkih cd idjh} cd 635$ dj bf cëmfcf cd 6;45* \?3Y Bf rdbfmkýj cd}frrhbbý tj

ntdrsd ftidjsh" cd}cd 6>5$ dj bf cëmfcf cd 6;15 af}sf iæ} cd =>5  $ ctrfjsd bf mrk}k} nkjfjmkdrf ?551)?55;* Bf

if{hréf cd bh} ufé}d} dtrhudh} skdjdj jk~dbd} dbd~fch} cd cdtcf shsfb { db Gfuýj skdjd tj dbd~fch éjckmd cdtcf*

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cëmfcf cd 6;>5 }d jdmd}ksfrj 6"4= cýbfrd} cd cdtcf ufrf dbd~fr 6 cýbfr db UKO< dj db föh ?555 }d jdmd}ksfrhj >

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djsrfj dj idmfjk}ih} mhiubdgh} vtd urhuf`fj }t} dndmsh} afmkf ckndrdjsd} rd`khjd} cdb itjch { mft}fj rdfmmkhjd}dj mfcdjf vtd urh~hmfj mfiokh} kjd}udrfch} dj ck~dr}h} bt`frd}" cd ifjdrf vtd bh vtd odjdnkmkf f tj ufé} utdcd

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tjf rdctmmkýj f bfr`h ubfwh cd bf kjik`rfmkýj*

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Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~ =5

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Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~ ==

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Hjcf Lhjcrfskd~ =4

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Ntdjsd} { mhjsrkot{djsd} cdb frsémtbh =>

Ntdjsd} { mhjsrkot{djsd} cdb frsémtbhMkmbh !cd}fiok`tfmkýj+ ¥ Ntdjsd7 assu7((d}*pklkudckf*hr (̀p(kjcdq*uau8hbckc946544435 ¥Mhjsrkot{djsd}7 3bdq" Odb`rfjh" Mf]sfrMh" Cf~kt}" Nfrk}hrk" K~fjh~kml }hbfjh" Lf~hr" Bdhjuhbfjmh"Bhokbbh" BhrcS" B{mfhj1=" Jdhchu" Jdsafm CKT" TFpklk" Æj`db Btk} Fbnfrh" ; dckmkhjd} fjýjkif}

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Ntdjsd} cd kif`dj" Bkmdjmkf} { mhjsrkot{djsd} =0

Ntdjsd} cd kif`dj" Bkmdjmkf} { mhjsrkot{djsd}Frmak~h7]hbfr)m{mbd)cfsf*uj` ¥ Ntdjsd7 assu7((d}*pklkudckf*hr`(p(kjcdq*uau8sksbd9Frmak~h7]hbfr)m{mbd)cfsf*uj` ¥ Bkmdjmkf7 cd}mhjhmkch ¥Mhjsrkot{djsd}7 Odbfjc" Crf`hj} nbk`as" Bfiuifj"Bk}}fght}" I`m1" Jkb} ]kihj" PklkudckfIf}sdr" Qdjhnhrid" Qkhj` Makfikh~" 3 dckmkhjd} fjýjkif}

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Frmak~h7Lhjcrfskdnn Pf~d*}~` ¥ Ntdjsd7 assu7((d}*pklkudckf*hr (̀p(kjcdq*uau8sksbd9Frmak~h7LhjcrfskdnnXPf~d*}~` ¥ Bkmdjmkf7 Mrdfsk~d Mhiihj} Fssrkotskhj)]afrdfbkld =*5 ¥Mhjsrkot{djsd}7_tr}t}

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Bkmdjmkf =1

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