Ensuring Humanitarian Access to Health-Related

Technologies

Wednesday, April 25, 2007

Bringing Hopkins to the Table

“The right to life includes the right to health and access to treatment.”

Articles 1&25, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.

Montreal Statement on the Human Right to Essential Medicines. www.accessmeds.org

“The Scientist’s Story”

NYTimes Editorial: March 19, 2001 By William Prusoff.

“I once helped create a drug that could enable millions of people to lead better and longer lives…More recently, it became apparent that the drug Dr. Lin and I had developed was not reaching millions of desperately suffering people because they lacked the money to purchase it.”

Impact of Generic Competition: Uganda

Access Gap

Ten million people die needlessly each year because they do not have access to existing medicines and vaccines

90% of the world’s Research & Development costs are spent addressing 10% of the global disease burden.

Research Gap

The Philadelphia Consensus

• Promote equal access to research.• Promote research and development

for neglected diseases.• Measure research success

according to impact on human welfare.

Paul FarmerJeffrey SachsStephen LewisHoward HiattJohn PolanyiMarcia AngellArnold RelmanZackie AchmatPaul DavisD.A.HendersonChris Beyrer

Leonard RubensteinJim Yong KimAlan BerkmanVictoria Hale

ACT-UP OaklandMSFOxfam InternationalAfrican Services CommitteeGlobal Health Council

Signatories

“Biomedical knowledge and achievement is growing at a tremendous pace, but is unmatched by ethical thinking about how to apply the results equitably, humanely and wisely. The universities are forgetting their role as guardians of human wisdom, and instead are selling out to the highest bidders. UAEM has created consensus. Now it is time for the policy makers to act."

Sir John Sulston, Nobel Laureate in Medicine

Universities have an opportunity and a responsibility

dissemination of knowledgepublic health university innovation

Ball is in our court

Hopkins Mission Statement: “to educate its studentsand cultivate their capacity for life-long learning, tofoster independent and original research, and tobring the benefits of discovery to the world.”

Technology Transfer Vision Statement: “Our successwill be defined by how effectively we facilitate accessto JHU technology…”

The Hopkins Vision & Tradition.

Include but are not limited to:

Health-Related Innovations

Emory and Emtricitabine/Emtriva

Innovations at other universities…

"The goal of maximizing license revenue can

sometimes come into conflict with the goal

of maximizing the availability and broadest

use of UW technology…UW affirm[s] that its

primary goal in technology transfer is to

maximize the worldwide use and societal

benefit of its research and technology."

University of Washington

California Institute of TechnologyCornell UniversityHarvard UniversityMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyStanford UniversityUniversity of CaliforniaUniversity of Illinois, ChicagoUniversity of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignUniversity of WashingtonYale UniversityAssociation of American Medical Colleges

Stanford White Paper

• Non-exclusive licensing, with copyleft/patent pool conditionality.

• Non-exclusive licensing.

• First-round offer of no-exclusivity.

• Shorter periods of exclusivity.

• Exclusivity short auction.

We just have to do it.

1. Non-exclusivity

2. Transparency

Recommendations

Bayh-Dole Act

• The purpose of research at Universities has never been profit!

•No patents primarily concerned with therapeutics or public healthy may be taken out by any member of the University, except with the consent of the President and Fellows; nor will such patents be taken out by the University itself except for dedication to the public.