ENK-P-026 Mobilization, Storage, Transportation and Handling of Isotopes

7/21/2019 ENK-P-026 Mobilization, Storage, Transportation and Handling of Isotopes...

1/16

RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURE

Document No ENK-P-026

Issue Date 27.04.2012

Rev.Date --

MOBILIZATION,STORAGE,TRANSPORTATION AND

HANDLING OF ISOTOPES

Rev. No 0

Page No 1/16


MOBILIZATION, STORAGE,

TRANSPORTATION AND HANDLING OF

ISOTOPES

ENK-P-026

Signature Name Date

Approved By

Prepared By

0 01.05.2012

Issued for Comments C.M.RAJENDRAN

ASNT NDT L-III

FILIZ OZTASKIN

GENERAL CO-ORDINATOR

Rev. DateRevision

Description

Prepared ByApproved By

Hardcopies that are not marked as "Controlled Copy" should be regarded as possible obsolete.

2010 ENKON

This document is the property of ENKON and may not be used, distributed,


2/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 2/16

copied or reproduced by any means without prior written permission by ENKON.

Table of Contents

1.0 Purpose

2.0 Scope

3.0 Abbreviations

4.0 References

5.0 Definitions

5.1 RPS

5.2 RPO

6.0 Responsibilities

6.1 General Manager

6.2 RPS

6.3 RPO

7.0 Instructions

7.1 Personnel Qualifications

7.2 Dosimeters

7.3 Equipments

7.3.1 Radioactive Source Storage

7.3.2 Transportation of Radioactive Sources

7.3.2.1 Land Transportation

7.3.2.1 Air Transportation

7.3.2.3 Custody Transfer

7.4 On site Radiography Testing

7.5 Emergency Actions

7.5.1 Standard Emergency Kit

7.5.2 Initial Action

7.5.3 Source Stolen from Site or Vehicle

7.5.4 Source Lost from Site or from a Vehicle on Site7.5.5 Vehicle Containing a Source is stolen

7.5.6 Fire or Accident involving a Vehicle Carrying a Source

7.5.7Fire or Collapse of a Structure where a Source is being used or

stored

7.5.8 Accident Damaged a Container that contains Radioactive Source.

7.5.9 Locating an Unshielded Source

7.5.10 Re-placing a disconnected Source back into a Container

8.0 Associated Procedures

8.1 Company Procedure

8.2 Forms


3/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 3/16

1.0 PURPOSE

To assure that Radiation Safety on Site Radiography is controlled and accomplished by property trained

personnel and with the use of proper tools and equipment. This Work Instruction also outlines the emergency

procedures to be followed in case of a malfunctioned device carrying ionizing substances.

2.0 SCOPE

This Work Instruction is applicable for all works carried out by ENKON with the use of sources of ionizing

radiation.

3.0 ABBREVIATIONS ENKON : ENKON End.Kont.Ltd.Sti

RPS : Radiation Protection Supervisor

RPO : Radiation Protection Officer

NDT : Non-Destructive Testing

TLD : Thermo-Luminescent Dosimeter

4.0 REFERENCES

ASNT NON-DESTRUCTIVE HANDBOOK, SECOND EDITION, VOLUME 3, RADIOGRAPHY

AND RADIATION TESTING,

1990 Recommendations of the International commission on Radiological Protection.

IAEA safety standards

Iraqi Radioactive sources Regulatory Authority Regulations.

5.0 DEFINITIONS

5.1 RPS

A suitably experienced and qualified person appointed in writing by the company or contractor, who supervises

radiographic operations to ensure all regulations, local rules and procedures are adhered to

5.2 RPO

Member of a radiography team who is responsible for ensuring that all safety related procedures are strictly

followed during radiography at site.


4/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 4/16

6.0 RESPONSIBILITIES

6.1 General Manager

General Manager or his designee is responsible for appointing the RPS.

6.2 RPS

RPS is responsible for the implementation and revision of this Work Instruction. RPS will make sure that;

Necessary local and international permissions for the use, storage and transportation of radioactive

sources are available,

Necessary approvals from the Customer are available,

Qualified Personnel is medically fit in accordance with codes, regulations and to the nature of the job,

Proper equipment, instruments, tools and Radiographic Sources are available,

Proper storage facilities are available,

Properly equipped vehicles for transportation are available,

Personal protection equipments are available.

6.3 RPO

RPO is responsible for the site implementation of the requirements of this Work Instruction and reports to the

RPS. RPO is responsible for the following;

Registering all site working permits from local authorities and/or Customer.

Keeping daily logs for isotope transportation, storage log-in/log-out, and isotope register for radiation

control of the source.

Registration of the medical examination of the employees working with the radioactive source and

within the radiation sphere.

To follow up on periodical employee training and certification and/or recertification.

To continuously check and verify the working practices against the requirements of this instruction.

To eliminate and/or elevate inadequacies and report all incidences immediately to RPS.

To continuously check and verify the condition of the equipment, devices, vehicles and other working

tools according to WIF-12.05 against the requirements of this instruction and manufacturers operating

requirements. To conduct repairs and provide servicing and maintenance when required, but safe.

To ensure the availability of properly calibrated radiation protection equipment on site.

To report incidents to RPS immediately and to take part on the investigation process.

To take part on the identification of inadequacies and implementation of the corrective action plans.


5/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 5/16

7.0 INSTRUCTION

7.1 Personnel Qualifications

Radiographic examination can only be carried out by the personnel who have the appropriate qualification and

training in accordance with national and international regulations and as per ENK-P-024. Radiographic NDT

personnel will attend the ENKON Radiation Safety Induction Course before starting any work at site. Refresher

courses will be given at frequent intervals as felt necessary.

Before starting to work for ENKON, employees to work with radioactive sources will obtain the necessary

medical permits and will be subject to medical examination after six months of work and then in annual basis.

During the radiographic examination, there will be at least two operators, each with a film badge and personal

dose rate meter present and the one who has the appropriate qualification and knowledge will be responsible

from the examination.

7.2 Dosimeter

Personnel who are working with the radioactive sources are to be supplied with film dosimeter (or alike

sensitive tools like TLD), self-reading personal dosimeter, beeper and at least one area survey meter within the

work area of Radiography Testing.

Daily readings will be recorded in ENK-F-172, and evaluated by RPS to analyze the safe work practices of

radiography personnel. If a days reading has been found to be much more than the average daily personnel

exposure dose rates, RPS will make necessary investigation and take necessary precautions. In such extreme

cases, RPS may choose to send the film badge of the personnel to IRSRA and ask for an immediate evaluation.

As per IRSRA & IAEA regulations, for the personnel working with radioisotopes, the base doze limits are

established as average of 20 mSv/year within any 5 consecutive years, but not more than 50 mSv in any of the

consecutive 5 years.

Film type personal dosimeters (or TLD) will be obtained from, and measured and reported by IRSRA or any

other agency with the proper authorization of conducting such measurements and monitoring. Regular

replacement of the films will be performed by Procurement and Government Relations Departments. Record for

film dosimeters are to be submitted to Radiation Protection Supervisor.

Film dosimeters and the records will to be submitted to IRSRA via Procurement and Government RelationsDepartments for analysis once every two months. Results will be recorded in ENK-F-175.


6/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 6/16

7.3 Equipment

7.3.1 Radioactive Source Storage

Sketch of the storage facility with steel pipe

RADIATION WARNING SIGN

Warning signs will be displayed at storage pit and at site where exposure takes place as above inEnglish and in local language over fencing and barricading at regular distances.


7/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 7/16

Radioactive sources used for Radiographic Testing will never be removed from its container for any reason.

Each container will be stored in a pit and locked in storing facility daily if not in use during night shift. During

working hours, exposure device will always be locked into the special transport container at the back of the

vehicle.

Both storing facility and pits have to be locked when radioactive source is present. Access to a stored container

must be secured with minimum three separate locks.

The keys of mentioned three locks will be kept in the Security Office. Names of authorized people will be listed

in ENK-F-176 and approved by RPS. ENK-F-174 will be used to record the check-in / check-out times ofaccess keys.

The maximum radiation level outside the storage pit house will not exceed 0.11 Sv/hour. The level achieved

by dividing the max. allowed dosage to the public of 1000 Svby total number of hours per year (365 x 24).

ENKON will only store and use certified radioactive sources. Isotope certification can only be performed by the

manufacturer.

Each time the radioactive source is removed from pit, the ENK-F-177 will be filled-up in Storage Pit.

7.3.2 Transportation of Radioactive Sources

Transportation of Radioactive sources is bounded with national and international laws and treaties. Therefore,

besides fulfilling the requirements of local laws and regulations, requirements of international transportation

regulations must also be met.

7.3.2.1 Land Transportation

Agreements related to hazardous material transportation will be obtained if the source is transported via

international public roads. The letters identifying the type of packing and warning signs will be placed on the

transportation box according to the transportation index number.

Radioactive sources will only be transported to/from ENKON storage pit in properly equipped vehicles for

isotope transport by RPO or assigned personnel trained on radiation safety after custody of the source is

transferred to ENKON. A record will be kept by the vehicle driver in order to trace the route of the vehicle at a

later time whenever necessary.A vehicle transporting radioactive source will contain removable warning signs, fire extinguisher, barrier cord,

battery cord, battery powered hazard lamps, transportation documents and an identification sheet of the source.


8/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 8/16

Warning signs on the vehicle is to be removed or covered if the vehicle is not used for radiation source

transportation purposes.

The package Transportation Index must be calculated as stipulated in ENK-F-179, and must not exceed 50.

The maximum dose rate will not exceed 20Sv/h within the vehicles driver/passenger section. Moreover, the

dose rate will be less than 2mSv/h at the vehicles external cargo body surface, and 100Sv/h at two meter

away from vehicle.

7.3.2.2 Air Transportation

If ENKON is responsible for transporting any radioactive substance by commercial airlines, RPS is to be

responsible for arranging the proper transportation of the source with all the relevant arrangements attached to it

with the assistance of the Procurement and Government Relations Department. In addition, RPO will be

responsible for keeping the record of the source and for submitting this record to RPS and Procurement

Department one month before the change of the source.

7.3.2.3 Custody Transfer

The custody transfer of Radioisotopes is very important, and must be kept under permanent record.

The ENK-F-179will be used to record the details of isotope and radiation values during the time of custody

transfer. ENK-F-174 must be signed off by both parties.

RPS must review and approve the document before any transfer takes place.

7.4 On Site Radiographic Testing

Unless an appointed RPO will be present on site, radiographic examination will not be allowed to commence.

Relevant employees such as those who may be in the vicinity of the work, safety staff, field supervisors, etc.

will be informed of this work and the precautions being taken. The employees will be re-instructed to comply

with the agreed arrangements and procedures for safe working.

The movement of the handheld projectors at the Work Site will be performed by properly licensed pick-up type

trucks. These vehicles will have a pad-locked minimum 15mm steel isotope container storage box.


9/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 9/16

The projectors can only be hand carried upon the condition that the doze rate at the distance of 1 m and 0.1 m

from the camera do not exceed 11.7 Sv /h and 400 Sv /h accordingly.

Barriers will be set at positions where the dose rate does not exceed 2.8 Sv /hour for Site working Personnel

and 0.11 Sv /hour for general public and a dose rate monitor will be used after each exposure to confirm that

the source of ionizing radiation has been brought inside the container.

Notices and warning signals will be placed at probable points of access to the barricaded area and these signals

will not have any other local meaning or significance.

It will be confirmed that the barricaded area will be searched prior to commencement of the work and

periodically during each session, and barrier itself will be kept under surveillance to prevent persons enteringthe area.

At least two operators will be carrying out the work.

Dose rates at barriers will be checked throughout the testing and barrier positions altered if necessary.

Collimators will be used during site examination wherever possible.

At no time two radiography crews can work at the same site with intersecting barriers.

7.5 Emergency Actions

7.5.1 Standard Emergency Kit

Tools which may be required to carry out an emergency recovery operation will be available for such operations

only in an Emergency Kit.

Emergency Kit will only be used for an emergency situation involving radioactive sources. ENK-F-178 lists the

items in the Emergency Kit. The Box / Container dedicated to store items of emergency response equipment

will be sealed. If the seal on the Emergency Kit Box / Container is taken for any reason, RPS and/or RPO will

complete this check sheet and will make sure that nothing is missing.

Content of Standard Emergency Kit is as below:

4 x 2Kg Bags of Lead Shot

Lead Screens

Lead Protective Gloves

Min. 1M long Handling Tongs Adjustable Spanner, two sizes

Screwdriver, three sizes


10/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 10/16

Flat Blade Screwdriver, three sizes

Flash lamp, spare batteries

Quartz Fiber Dosimeter or Digital Dosimeter

Charger for Quartz Fiber Dosimeter

5 x Roll Barrier Tape

Pliers

Hacksaw and Blade

Bolt Cutter

Hammer

7.5.2 Initial Action

There are some important actions which are required to be performed regardless of the type of emergency

situation. They are common sense to personnel using sources of ionizing radiation.

Shield the source if this can be done quickly and simply using locally available material or the lead shot

bags from the emergency kit,

Check and if necessary adjust the position of the barrier around the unshielded source in accordance

with appropriate regulations for controlled or supervised areas,

Ensure that everyone is evacuated to outside the barrier without delay,

Contact and call nominated RPS for site and supply all the relevant details,

DO NOT leave the barrier or source unattended unless it is absolutely necessary to summon help,

DO NOT panic or cause needles alarm,

Make formal warnings from dedicated Radio Channels,

Arrange for the Emergency Kit,

Arrange for an empty and/or same type of container, if available,

DO NOT try to recover or handle an unshielded source without the proper recovery equipment. Await

the arrival of the RPS,

Record the names and sketch the positions of anyone who may have been close to the source. Note

where they were standing in relation to the source and for how long.

In any type of radiation related emergency situation, RPS and/or RPO will be aware of below subjects as

soon as possible:

The precise nature of the incident and what safety precaution the personnel involved have taken,

The Source type and activity,

The type of container involved,

The location of the incident,


11/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 11/16

Ensure that the area has been barricaded off at the point where the dose rate does not exceed

2.8Sv/h for site working personnel and 0.11Sv/h for general public,

Nobody has approached an isotope, shielded or not, without a running radiation survey monitor,

Film type and personal dosimeter.

7.5.3 Source Stolen from Site or Vehicle

At no time an isotope will be left unattended unless in the storage facility or in a locked vehicle. Vehicles

containing isotopes will not be left unattended in public areas or any other place where there is an increased risk

of theft.

Immediately it is suspected or discovered that a source has been stolen from a vehicle or from a storage area,

the following steps must be taken by the RPS or Executive Management:

Inform Customer and the Site Safety and Security Officers,

Inform RPS giving the details;

o Description of container and details of isotope,

o Could the source be exposed or was the container safely locked,

o Have any accessories such as the wind out mechanism or front end tube been stolen?

o When the source was last checked or seen.

Organize an immediate search of the site and other areas where the source is known to have been used,

Inform the police if the source is not found within one hour,

Inform Safety and Health Related Government Departments,

If container is recovered, carefully check the radiation levels and examine the container and source

holder for any mechanical damage. Inform related people and department that source has been

recovered,

Prepare a full written report of the incident.

7.5.4 Source Lost from Site or from a Vehicle on Site

If a source is missing but there is no immediate indication that it has been stolen or deliberately removed from

the site;

Inform RPS giving the details about;

o Description of container and details of isotope.

o Could the source be exposed or was the container safely locked.

o Have any accessories such as the wind out mechanism or front end tube also lost?

o When the source was last checked or seen.

Ascertain the possibility of any persons having left the site and inadvertently having taken the source

with them,


12/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 12/16

Organize a search of the area. Be sure to check thoroughly the work site where the container may have

been left,

If the source can not be found within one hour, advise RPS and Site Security Officers,

If the source is not found within 24 hours, prepare a written report and inform Safety and Health

Related Government Departments,



recovered.

7.5.5 Vehicle Containing a Source is stolen

There is a higher potential risk of someone stealing a vehicle than there is of someone intentionally stealing an

isotope.

Immediately it is suspected that a vehicle has been stolen, local police will be informed. A full

description of the vehicle, including the registration number, a description of all warning signs

displayed and contents of the vehicle will be given,

Inform RPS,

If the source is not recovered within twenty-four hours, Safety and Health Related Government

Departments will be informed,



recovered,


7.5.6 Fire or Accident involving a Vehicle Carrying a Source

Industrial Isotope containers are designed and tested in accordance with stringent safety regulations and can

reasonably be expected to survive traffic accidents. The container will also stand an appreciable amount of fire

damage without detriment to its shielding capabilities.

In the event of a fire or an accident where the emergency services are involved, try to inform them of

the hazard,

Expect to rescue trapped or injured persons before attempting to recover the container,

If the incident occurs local to the work site, inform the RPS and arrange for the Emergency Kit. If

possible, with the approval and help of Emergency Service personnel, discover and recover the isotope

container in the wreckage of the vehicle,


13/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 13/16

In the unlikely event that the container is damaged and source is no longer adequately shielded, inform

the Emergency Services so they can implement their own emergency procedures. Make sure that only

authorized personnel approach the container if there is any unacceptable risk of exposure to radiation,


7.5.7 Fire or Collapse of a Structure where a Source is being Used or Stored or fall of source from

working elevation

Bring the emergency kit to the scene,

Do not enter the building/area unless you have been informed by the Rescue Services that it is safe to

do so, Co-ordinate with the Rescue Services and inform them that there are radioactive substances on the

premises. If the incident occurred during the exposure, inform Rescue Services about the situation and

monitor the radiation level,

Always keep in mind that it is important to get injured personnel to medical center and this has priority

over removing the source. Ensure that you do not leave the structure/area unattended. Install warning

signals, flashlights and barrier to warn personnel involved in the rescue operation,

Once the rescue personnel are clear and the area has been declared structurally safe to enter, proceed

with the recovery as normal,

If the source is exposed, locate the isotope in accordance with 7.5.9,

Calculate the approximate doses received by members of Rescue Team and injured personnel,

If you suspect that any personnel may have been exposed to radiation, prepare a report and submit to

Safety and Health Related Government Departments so to necessary examinations are carried out,

If the isotope was not in use and container was in storage, it is very unlikely that it will be damaged

sufficiently to render it unsafe.

7.5.8 Accident Damaging a Container Containing Radioactive Source.

If there is any reason to suspect that an isotope container has been damaged carry out the following steps.

Check the radiation levels using a monitor. If dose rate at the surface exceeds 2mSv/h, the radiation

level is unacceptable. Provide additional shielding using the lead sheeting to make container safe to

handle in order to return it to the isotope storage facility,

If there is not obvious damage to the shielding of the container and no apparent increase in the expected

radiation level, remove the container to an exposure bay or other safe area and carry out the weekly

maintenance checks in accordance with equipment dedicated ENK-F-173,

If there are any visual signs of damage or if there is any increase in the level of radioactivity above

normal expected levels associated with transport containers, such containers will not be used,


14/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 14/16

If the container falls from staging or a scaffold with the wind out connected and the source in the safe

position, this may result in damage which prevents the wind out mechanism being disconnected. It is

unlikely that this will affect the shielding properties of the container. The container with the wind out

attached should be returned to the storage facility and weekly maintenance checks be performed in

accordance with equipment specific ENK-F-173.

7.5.9 Locating an Unshielded Source

Before commencing any further, items in 7.5.2 should be performed.

Ensure that the area has been barricaded off at the point where the dose rate does not exceed 2.8Sv/h

for radiography personnel and 0.11mSv/h for non-related personnel,

Complete a detailed report; determine the activity and type of isotope,

Using the table below, assess the personnel dose exposures;

Safe Distance = Curies x RHM

(open source) 0.28

Safe distance = Curies x RHM

(With Collimator) 10 x 0.28

RHM for Ir 192 500 mR/hr

S.N.Radioactive Source

Strength (Curie)

Safe Distance Without

Shielding (meter)

Safe Distance With Shielding

10mm Thickness of Tungsten

Collimator (meter)

1 100 415 131

2 95 404 128

3 90 394 124

4 85 383 121

5 80 371 117

6 75 360 114

7 70 347 110

8 65 335 106

9 60 321 102

10 55 308 97

11 50 293 93

12 45 278 88


15/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 15/16

13 40 262 83

14 35 245 78

15 30 227 72

16 25 207 66

17 20 185 59

18 15 161 51

19 10 131 42

20 5 93 30

Make sure recovery personnel wears Personal Dosimeter and a beeper,

Place four markers at points on the four quadrants of the barrier, preferably where there is no vertical

obstruction between opposite markers,

Make sure personnel making the survey wears protection jacket and gloves,

It is better to move towards the source prone position, or making the body as close as possible to the

ground, so to decrease the intensity of the radiation beam,

Check thepersonnels exposed dose rate. If reading exceeds 1mSv/h, allow someone else to continue,

With an area survey meter, advance on the line between two opposing markers until the monitor

reading reaches 900Sv/h,

Mark the ground, and repeat same procedure from the remaining three points on the perimeter, while

making sure to check dose rate before moving to the next point,

Draw a scaled sketch showing each 900Sv/h point,

A fairly small area should now be contained within the four markers and a visual identification of the

source train should be possible. Draw a sketch marking the position of the source and retire to a safe

distance immediately,

If source can not be observed, move to a 900Sv/h point, and sweep the area, noting the direction ofmaximum reading,

Perform the same step on another 900Sv/h point and obtain a cross reference,

Immediately move to safe distance, and establish the cross on the previously drawn sketch,

Now the immediate location of the source should be identified without entering the 900Sv/h zone.

7.5.10. Re-placing a disconnected Source back in a Container

Before moving any further, RPS will make sure that personnel wear proper shielding jacket and gloves. Theshot bags in the Emergency kit will be used to cover the source while making necessary adjustments of

container near the source location.


16/16




Rev.Date --



Rev. No 0

Page No 16/16

Container will be placed 50cm near the source, while the guide hose opening faces the sky. Necessary

precautions must be taken to make sure that container will not lost is position during the transfer operation.

The employee will kneel down, and remove the shot bag to the opposite side of the container.

Immediately afterwards, hell use the tong to grab the source from the pigtail end, and place it source end first

into the container.

It is likely that the connector of the pigtail assembly may be protruding from front of the container. In such

cases, a duck-tape will be used to secure the source train to the container.

Following the transfer, area must be monitored with area monitor making sure that there is no radioactive

material left.

RPS will collect all personal dosimeters and Film badges and investigate the exposure levels of personnel took

part in the operation.

8.0 ASSOCIATED PROCEDURES

8.1 Company Procedures

ENK-P-024 Personnel Qualification and Certification for Non-Destructive

Testing

8.2 Forms

ENK-F-179 Isotope Custody Transfer Check Sheet

ENK-F-174 Isotope Storage Pit Facility Access Keys In-Out Log ENK-F-177 Isotope Daily Movement / Usage Registration Log

ENK-F-172 Daily Radiation Exposure Log

ENK-F-173 Weekly Isotope Container Maintenance Log

ENK-F-178 Emergency Response Kit Check List

ENK-F-175 Film Badge - Analyzed Results Registration Log

ENK-F-176 Authorized Personnel List

.

Documents

ENK-P-026 Mobilization, Storage, Transportation and Handling of Isotopes