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Enhancing the passenger experience in London with data-driven insights
Duncan Horne Transport for London
9 July 2013
Transport for London
• London Underground• London Buses• London Rail• London Streets• London Overground
The London Oyster Card
Oyster cards issued since launch2
2/0
5/2
00
22
2/0
8/2
00
22
2/1
1/2
00
22
2/0
2/2
00
32
2/0
5/2
00
32
2/0
8/2
00
32
2/1
1/2
00
32
2/0
2/2
00
42
2/0
5/2
00
42
2/0
8/2
00
42
2/1
1/2
00
42
2/0
2/2
00
52
2/0
5/2
00
52
2/0
8/2
00
52
2/1
1/2
00
52
2/0
2/2
00
62
2/0
5/2
00
62
2/0
8/2
00
62
2/1
1/2
00
62
2/0
2/2
00
72
2/0
5/2
00
72
2/0
8/2
00
72
2/1
1/2
00
72
2/0
2/2
00
82
2/0
5/2
00
82
2/0
8/2
00
82
2/1
1/2
00
82
2/0
2/2
00
92
2/0
5/2
00
92
2/0
8/2
00
92
2/1
1/2
00
92
2/0
2/2
01
02
2/0
5/2
01
02
2/0
8/2
01
02
2/1
1/2
01
02
2/0
2/2
01
12
2/0
5/2
01
12
2/0
8/2
01
12
2/1
1/2
01
12
2/0
2/2
01
22
2/0
5/2
01
22
2/0
8/2
01
22
2/1
1/2
01
22
2/0
2/2
01
32
2/0
5/2
01
3
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
Number of Oyster cards used daily over the last year
24/0
6/20
1201
/07/
2012
08/0
7/20
1215
/07/
2012
22/0
7/20
1229
/07/
2012
05/0
8/20
1212
/08/
2012
19/0
8/20
1226
/08/
2012
02/0
9/20
1209
/09/
2012
16/0
9/20
1223
/09/
2012
30/0
9/20
1207
/10/
2012
14/1
0/20
1221
/10/
2012
28/1
0/20
1204
/11/
2012
11/1
1/20
1218
/11/
2012
25/1
1/20
1202
/12/
2012
09/1
2/20
1216
/12/
2012
23/1
2/20
1230
/12/
2012
06/0
1/20
1313
/01/
2013
20/0
1/20
1327
/01/
2013
03/0
2/20
1310
/02/
2013
17/0
2/20
1324
/02/
2013
03/0
3/20
1310
/03/
2013
17/0
3/20
1324
/03/
2013
31/0
3/20
1307
/04/
2013
14/0
4/20
1321
/04/
2013
28/0
4/20
1305
/05/
2013
12/0
5/20
13
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
Typical number of Oyster transactions on a weekday
Oyster Transactions Typical daily countBus Boarding 6,396,683Entry 4,276,872Exit 4,152,825Add PAYG 709,394Issue Product 192,109Intermediate Validation 43,352Tram Boarding 40,055Autoload Performed 26,556Issue Card 20,065Pick up PAYG Refund 11,385Adjust PAYG 7,967Cancel Card 7,435Pick up Product 2,529Emirates Air Line 2,214River 950 Total 15,890,391
Journeys on London Underground in a typical week
04:0
0 - 0
5:00
05:0
0 - 0
6:00
06:0
0 - 0
7:00
07:0
0 - 0
8:00
08:0
0 - 0
9:00
09:0
0 - 1
0:00
10:0
0 - 1
1:00
11:0
0 - 1
2:00
12:0
0 - 1
3:00
13:0
0 - 1
4:00
14:0
0 - 1
5:00
15:0
0 - 1
6:00
16:0
0 - 1
7:00
17:0
0 - 1
8:00
18:0
0 - 1
9:00
19:0
0 - 2
0:00
20:0
0 - 2
1:00
21:0
0 - 2
2:00
22:0
0 - 2
3:00
23:0
0 - 2
4:00
24:0
0 - 2
5:00
25:0
0 - 2
6:00
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday
Journeys on London Buses in a typical week02
:00
- 03:
00
03:0
0 - 0
4:00
04:0
0 - 0
5:00
05:0
0 - 0
6:00
06:0
0 - 0
7:00
07:0
0 - 0
8:00
08:0
0 - 0
9:00
09:0
0 - 1
0:00
10:0
0 - 1
1:00
11:0
0 - 1
2:00
12:0
0 - 1
3:00
13:0
0 - 1
4:00
14:0
0 - 1
5:00
15:0
0 - 1
6:00
16:0
0 - 1
7:00
17:0
0 - 1
8:00
18:0
0 - 1
9:00
19:0
0 - 2
0:00
20:0
0 - 2
1:00
21:0
0 - 2
2:00
22:0
0 - 2
3:00
23:0
0 - 2
4:00
24:0
0 - 2
5:00
25:0
0 - 2
6:00
26:0
0 - 2
7:00
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday
An overview of Oyster data
• Stored in an Oracle database
• Detailed card-level data available for 8 weeks; summaries for 4 years
• Main data stores:– Journey data– Ticket purchases– Card registration details
Limitations of Oyster data
Limitations of Oyster data
Journey time and reliability•
Perc
enta
ge o
f Jou
rney
s
• Travel Time
Journey time and reliability•
Perc
enta
ge o
f Jou
rney
s
• Travel Time• median • 95th percentile
Journey time and reliabilityHeathrow to Hammersmith
01/0
502
/05
03/0
504
/05
05/0
5
06/0
507
/05
08/0
5
09/0
510
/05
11/0
512
/05
13/0
5
14/0
515
/05
16/0
5
17/0
518
/05
19/0
520
/05
21/0
5
22/0
523
/05
24/0
5
25/0
526
/05
27/0
5
28/0
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Expected Median Journey Time
Expected 95th percen-tile
(minutes)
Journey time and reliabilityHeathrow to Hammersmith
01/0
502
/05
03/0
504
/05
05/0
5
06/0
507
/05
08/0
5
09/0
510
/05
11/0
512
/05
13/0
5
14/0
515
/05
16/0
5
17/0
518
/05
19/0
520
/05
21/0
5
22/0
523
/05
24/0
5
25/0
526
/05
27/0
5
28/0
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Expected Median Journey Time
Actual Median Journey Time
Expected 95th percen-tile
Actual 95th percen-tile
(minutes)
Journey time and reliabilityHeathrow to Hammersmith
01/0
502
/05
03/0
504
/05
05/0
5
06/0
507
/05
08/0
5
09/0
510
/05
11/0
512
/05
13/0
5
14/0
515
/05
16/0
5
17/0
518
/05
19/0
520
/05
21/0
5
22/0
523
/05
24/0
5
25/0
526
/05
27/0
5
28/0
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Expected Median Journey Time
Actual Median Journey Time
Expected 95th percen-tile
Actual 95th percen-tile
(minutes)
Defective trains
Signal failure
Track failure
Journey time and reliabilityHeathrow to Hammersmith
01/0
502
/05
03/0
504
/05
05/0
5
06/0
507
/05
08/0
5
09/0
510
/05
11/0
512
/05
13/0
5
14/0
515
/05
16/0
5
17/0
518
/05
19/0
520
/05
21/0
5
22/0
523
/05
24/0
5
25/0
526
/05
27/0
5
28/0
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Expected Median Journey Time
Actual Median Journey Time
Expected 95th percen-tileActual 95th percen-tilePropor-tion of journeys over the expected journey time + 5 min
(minutes)
Defective trains
Signal failure
Track failure
Disruptions, 1-7 June 2013Date Section Incident Type Start End
01/06/2013 Hammersmith & City - Whole line Signal failure 15:22 18:3101/06/2013 Metropolitan - Baker Street to Aldgate Signal failure 15:29 16:2401/06/2013 Metropolitan - Whole line Signal failure 16:24 21:0601/06/2013 Metropolitan - North of Harrow-on-the-Hill Signal failure 21:06 23:5801/06/2013 Piccadilly - Rayners Lane to Uxbridge Signal failure 16:27 20:4301/06/2013 Piccadilly - Acton Town to Uxbridge Signal failure 20:43 01:3302/06/2013 Overground - Surrey Quays to Clapham Junction Faulty train 09:01 10:3103/06/2013 Piccadilly - Acton Town to Uxbridge Signal failure 07:46 08:4204/06/2013 District - Whole line Signal failure 04:50 09:0604/06/2013 Jubilee - Whole line Signal failure 19:00 19:4604/06/2013 Piccadilly - Whole line Signal failure 10:38 15:0304/06/2013 Piccadilly - Acton Town to Uxbridge / Heathrow Signal failure 15:03 15:4605/06/2013 Central - Whole line Faulty train 20:51 23:3805/06/2013 District - Earl's Court to Richmond / Ealing B’way Signal failure 18:21 19:2605/06/2013 District - Turnham Green to Richmond Signal failure 19:26 19:5005/06/2013 Hammersmith & City - Liverpool Street to Barking Faulty train 14:15 15:4006/06/2013 Hammersmith & City - Whole line Signal failure 05:58 12:0206/06/2013 Metropolitan - Baker Street to Aldgate Signal failure 05:58 09:3206/06/2013 Metropolitan - Baker Street to Uxbridge Signal failure 21:30 00:3806/06/2013 Piccadilly - Rayners Lane to Uxbridge Signal failure 19:20 00:1007/06/2013 Bakerloo - S’bridge Park to Harrow & Wealdstone Signal failure 18:10 20:1207/06/2013 Metropolitan - Wembley Park to Baker Street Signal failure 05:13 05:5507/06/2013 Overground - Gunnersbury to Richmond Signal failure 07:42 08:5107/06/2013 Overground - Watford Junction to Euston Signal failure 18:27 19:3307/06/2013 Victoria - Whole line Power supply problems 21:38 23:02
London 2012 GamesJourney volumes on the Underground
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500Day
-17
Day
-14
Day
-11
Day
-8
Day
-5
Day
-2
Day
1
Day
4
Day
7
Day
10
Day
13
Day
16
Day
19
Day
22
Day
25
Day
28
Day
31
Day
34
Day
37
Day
40
Day
43
Day
46
Day
49
Day
52
Day
55
Day
58
Pass
enge
r jo
urne
ys (T
hous
ands
)
2012 representative 2011 2012 actual
London 2012 GamesJourney volumes on the Buses
Travel Demand Management:Canary Wharf LU, by 15 minutes
01:15 02:30 03:45 05:00 06:15 07:30 08:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 13:45 15:00 16:15 17:30 18:45 20:00 21:15 22:30 23:45 01:00 02:150
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Baseline
Travel Demand Management:Canary Wharf LU, by 15 minutes
01:15 02:30 03:45 05:00 06:15 07:30 08:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 13:45 15:00 16:15 17:30 18:45 20:00 21:15 22:30 23:45 01:00 02:150
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
BaselineOlympics
Travel Demand Management:Canary Wharf LU, by 15 minutes
01:15 02:30 03:45 05:00 06:15 07:30 08:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 13:45 15:00 16:15 17:30 18:45 20:00 21:15 22:30 23:45 01:00 02:150
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
BaselineOlympicsParalympics
Classifying Oyster users: Number of days used in a week
Classifying Oyster users: Visitors and residents
Classifying Oyster users: Days Travelled + First Trip TimeCommuter with weekend travel
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 5512:00 AM
1:59 AM
3:59 AM
5:59 AM
7:59 AM
9:59 AM
11:59 AM
1:59 PM
3:59 PM
5:59 PM
7:59 PM
9:59 PM
11:59 PM
Day
Firs
t Trip
Tim
e
Classifying Oyster users: Days Travelled + First Trip Time Commuter with no weekend travel
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 5512:00 AM
1:59 AM
3:59 AM
5:59 AM
7:59 AM
9:59 AM
11:59 AM
1:59 PM
3:59 PM
5:59 PM
7:59 PM
9:59 PM
11:59 PM
Day
Firs
t Trip
Tim
e
Classifying Oyster users: Days Travelled + First Trip Time Occasional User (Resident?)
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 5512:00 AM
1:59 AM
3:59 AM
5:59 AM
7:59 AM
9:59 AM
11:59 AM
1:59 PM
3:59 PM
5:59 PM
7:59 PM
9:59 PM
11:59 PM
Day
Firs
t Trip
Tim
e
Classifying Oyster users: Days Travelled + First Trip Time Visitor
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 5512:00 AM
1:59 AM
3:59 AM
5:59 AM
7:59 AM
9:59 AM
11:59 AM
1:59 PM
3:59 PM
5:59 PM
7:59 PM
9:59 PM
11:59 PM
Day
Firs
t Trip
Tim
e
Example of iBus dataRoute Trip Number Stop Scheduled Departure Time Observed Arrival Time Observed Departure Time Scheduled distance
76 21 SEVEN SISTERS ROAD 04/23/2013 06:47:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:47:04 AM 04/23/2013 06:47:18 AM 294
76 21 SOUTH TOTTENHAM STATION # 04/23/2013 06:48:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:47:41 AM 04/23/2013 06:47:41 AM 181
76 21 ST ANN'S ROAD 04/23/2013 06:49:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:48:17 AM 04/23/2013 06:48:22 AM 321
76 21 EGERTON ROAD 04/23/2013 06:51:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:49:01 AM 04/23/2013 06:49:01 AM 366
76 21 STAMFORD HILL BROADWAY 04/23/2013 06:52:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:49:44 AM 04/23/2013 06:49:44 AM 246
76 21 STAMFORD HILL LIBRARY 04/23/2013 06:53:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:50:43 AM 04/23/2013 06:50:47 AM 263
76 21 LYNMOUTH ROAD 04/23/2013 06:54:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:51:23 AM 04/23/2013 06:51:23 AM 272
76 21 STOKE NEWINGTON STATION # 04/23/2013 06:55:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:52:10 AM 04/23/2013 06:52:17 AM 306
76 21 NORTHWOLD ROAD / STOKE NEWINGTON COMMON 04/23/2013 06:56:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:53:22 AM 04/23/2013 06:53:22 AM 258
76 21 RECTORY ROAD / BROOKE ROAD 04/23/2013 06:57:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:54:04 AM 04/23/2013 06:54:13 AM 386
76 21 MANSE ROAD 04/23/2013 06:58:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:55:29 AM 04/23/2013 06:55:52 AM 357
76 21 STOKE NEWINGTON ROAD / AMHURST ROAD 04/23/2013 07:00:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:56:57 AM 04/23/2013 06:57:07 AM 456
76 21 PRINCESS MAY ROAD 04/23/2013 07:01:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:58:05 AM 04/23/2013 06:58:05 AM 306
76 21 SHACKLEWELL LANE 04/23/2013 07:01:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:58:58 AM 04/23/2013 06:58:58 AM 208
76 21 RIO CINEMA 04/23/2013 07:02:00 AM 04/23/2013 06:59:41 AM 04/23/2013 06:59:41 AM 146
76 21 DALSTON KINGSLAND STATION # 04/23/2013 07:02:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:00:06 AM 04/23/2013 07:00:34 AM 152
76 21 DALSTON JUNCTION STATION # 04/23/2013 07:03:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:01:26 AM 04/23/2013 07:01:37 AM 230
76 21 KINGSLAND ROAD / FOREST ROAD 04/23/2013 07:04:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:02:40 AM 04/23/2013 07:02:49 AM 265
76 21 ENGLEFIELD ROAD / MORTIMER ROAD 04/23/2013 07:05:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:03:51 AM 04/23/2013 07:04:09 AM 349
76 21 UFTON ROAD 04/23/2013 07:06:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:05:09 AM 04/23/2013 07:05:09 AM 385
76 21 NORTHCHURCH ROAD 04/23/2013 07:07:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:05:40 AM 04/23/2013 07:05:40 AM 178
76 21 DOWNHAM ROAD 04/23/2013 07:07:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:06:09 AM 04/23/2013 07:06:09 AM 203
76 21 CANAL WALK 04/23/2013 07:08:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:07:09 AM 04/23/2013 07:07:23 AM 269
76 21 BARING STREET 04/23/2013 07:09:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:08:08 AM 04/23/2013 07:08:16 AM 290
76 21 EAGLE WHARF ROAD 04/23/2013 07:10:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:09:03 AM 04/23/2013 07:09:15 AM 237
76 21 MINTERN STREET 04/23/2013 07:11:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:09:55 AM 04/23/2013 07:10:02 AM 281
76 21 BEVENDEN STREET 04/23/2013 07:12:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:11:01 AM 04/23/2013 07:11:08 AM 268
76 21 OLD STREET STN <># / MOORFIELDS EYE HOSP 04/23/2013 07:13:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:11:55 AM 04/23/2013 07:12:08 AM 300
76 21 CITY ROAD / LEONARD STREET 04/23/2013 07:15:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:14:01 AM 04/23/2013 07:14:07 AM 399
76 21 EPWORTH STREET 04/23/2013 07:16:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:14:40 AM 04/23/2013 07:14:48 AM 175
76 21 FINSBURY SQUARE / MOORGATE 04/23/2013 07:17:00 AM 04/23/2013 07:15:41 AM 04/23/2013 07:15:41 AM 284
Example of ODX outputRoute 38 inbound, AM Peak
CLAP
TON
POND
MILL
FIEL
DS R
OAD
LINSC
OTT
RO
ADHA
CKNE
Y BA
THS
CLAP
TON
SQUA
REHA
CKNE
Y CE
NTRA
L STA
TIO
N #
GRAH
AM R
OAD
ROYA
L OAK
RO
ADGR
EENW
OO
D RO
ADQ
UEEN
SBRI
DGE
ROAD
/ DAL
STO
N LA
NEBA
LLS
POND
RO
AD /
BURD
ER R
OAD
SOUT
HGAT
E RO
ADES
SEX
ROAD
/ NE
WIN
GTO
N GR
EEN
ROAD
ESSE
X RO
AD /
MAR
QUE
SS R
OAD
NORT
HCHU
RCH
ROAD
ESSE
X RO
AD S
TATI
ON
#CR
OSS
STR
EET
PACK
INGT
ON
STRE
ETIS
LINGT
ON
GREE
NAN
GEL S
TATI
ON
<>ST
JOHN
STR
EET
/ GO
SWEL
L RO
ADSA
DLER
'S W
ELLS
THE
ATRE
TYSO
E ST
REET
MO
UNT
PLEA
SANT
CLER
KENW
ELL R
OAD
GRAY
'S IN
N RO
ADRE
D LIO
N SQ
UARE
BLO
OM
SBUR
Y W
AYM
USEU
M S
TREE
TCA
MBR
IDGE
CIR
CUS
DEAN
STR
EET
/ CHI
NATO
WN
TRO
CADE
RO /
HAYM
ARKE
TPI
CCAD
ILLY
CIRC
USO
LD B
OND
STR
EET
/ RO
YAL A
CADE
MY
GREE
N PA
RK S
TATI
ON
<>GR
EEN
PARK
/ CO
NSTI
TUTI
ON
HILL
HYDE
PAR
K CO
RNER
WILT
ON
STRE
ETBR
ESSE
NDEN
PLA
CEVI
CTO
RIA
BUS
STAT
ION
<> #
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
BoardingsAlightingsLoad
