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nuclearsafety.gc.ca
Enhancing Nuclear Regulation in the Post-Fukushima World
Robert Lojk Regulatory Program Director
Directorate of Power Reactor Regulation
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
Presentation to the 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum
August 27-31, 2012, Seoul, Korea
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 2
Overview
• Introduction to the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC)
• CNSC regulatory framework
• Fukushima-driven initiatives
• Status of actions
• Lessons learned
• Conclusions
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 3
Introduction to the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission (CNSC)
Regulates the use of nuclear energy and materials to protect the health, safety and security of Canadians and the environment, and to implement Canada’s international commitments on the peaceful use of nuclear energy
Canada’s nuclear watchdog
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 4
Independent Commission Tribunal
• Quasi-judicial administrative tribunal
• Commission members are independent
• Commission hearings are public and Webcast
• Decisions can only be reviewed by Federal Court
Transparent, science-based decision making
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 5
CNSC Staff Located Across Canada
HQ in Ottawa 5 site offices at power reactors 1 site office at Chalk River 4 regional offices Staff: ~ 840 Resources: $161.5 m (70% cost-recovered)
Licensees: 2,500 Total Licences: 3,300 • 220 licences under the Class II Nuclear Facilities and Prescribed
Equipment Regulations • 2,430 licences under the Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices
Regulations
Saskatoon, Uranium Mines and Mills Division
Regional Office
Calgary, Western Regional Office Gentilly-2
Point Lepreau
Chalk River
Laval Eastern Regional Office
Bruce A & B
HQ
Darlington
Mississauga Southern Regional Office
Pickering A & B
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 6
CNSC Regulates All Nuclear-related
Facilities and Activities
• Uranium mines and mills
• Uranium fuel fabricators and processing
• Nuclear power plants
• Waste management facilities
• Nuclear substance processing
• Industrial and medical applications
• Nuclear research and educational
• Export/import controls
From cradle to grave…
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 7
Regulatory Oversight
CNSC Regulatory Framework
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 8
CNSC’s Overall Regulatory Approach
• CNSC sets high-level safety objectives
• CNSC sets performance objectives related to
− Capacity of systems to control reactivity
− Capacity of systems to shutdown reactor in a timely manner
− Reliability of the control and shutdown functions
• CNSC has no set requirements for reactivity feedback, positive or negative but magnitude is important
• Requirements meet international best practice including IAEA
• Peer reviewed and internationally accepted (CNS)
Robust regulatory approach, while permitting
flexibility in how to achieve safety objectives
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 9
CNSC Fukushima Timeline
March 11 - April 20, 2011
• Japanese earthquake and tsunami
• CNSC issued order to all nuclear facilities
• CNSC Task Force established
October, 2011 – March, 2012
• Multiple rounds of consultation
• IRRS Follow-up Mission
April 12, 2012
• External Advisory Committee report
May 3, 2012
• Proposed Action Plan, approved in principle
• August & October 2012, updates
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 10
CNSC Post-Fukushima Findings
Recommendations in Several Areas:
− Strengthening defence-in-depth • Station design for external hazards
• Impact of beyond design basis events
• Severe accident management measures
− Enhancing emergency preparedness • Offsite emergency response
• Multiple jurisdictions
− Improving regulatory framework and processes • Nuclear Safety and Control Act, regulations and regulatory
documents
• Compliance and licensing processes
− Improving Communications • Public needs a reliable source of information
• Technical information must be available in understandable language
• Transparency is key to building trust with the public
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 11
Post-Fukushima Action Plan
• 3-year implementation horizon
• Industry on side
• Site-specific action
• Principles
− Consistent with international reviews and benchmarks
− Best practices
− Evolving standards
Enhancing the safety case
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 12
Status of Actions:
Strengthening Defence-in-Depth (1/2)
Licensee Actions
• Improved capabilities to withstand prolonged loss of
power and heat sinks • Additional means for water make-up for beyond design basis
accidents
• Temporary connections for services (electrical and water)
• Improved response to containment
challenge/performance − Emergency filtered containment venting
• Installation of filtered containment vent system under consideration
− Control capabilities for hydrogen concentration • Installation of passive hydrogen recombiners (PARS) in progress
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 13
Status of Actions:
Strengthening Defence-in-Depth (2/2)
Licensee Actions
• Implementation of severe accident management
program
• Evaluation of the structural integrity of the spent fuel
pools at temperatures in excess of design temperature in
progress − Provision of alternate sources of water inventory
• Fire water system
• Assessments of instrument and equipment survivability
for severe accidents in progress
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 14
Status of Actions:
Enhancing Emergency Preparedness (1/2)
Licensee Actions
• Emergency mitigating equipment and resources − Back-up power requirements to primary and alternate emergency
facilities, and to emergency response equipment and critical loads
− Interim storage (onsite) of emergency mitigating equipment (portable generators)
• Automated real-time station boundary radiation monitoring systems
• Drills – “Huron Challenge Exercise”, October 2012
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 15
Status of Actions:
Enhancing Emergency Preparedness (2/2)
CNSC and Federal/Provincial Actions • Establish national-level oversight process for offsite
nuclear emergency plans, programs and performance − Objectives and requirements for effective and integrated
emergency management − Review planning basis of offsite arrangements in view of multi-
unit accident scenarios
• Revise federal and provincial plan − Expedite revision of plans and establish the frequency of
exercises
• Prioritization of full scale exercises − Federal (planned Fall 2013) − Provincial (New Brunswick/NBPN [completed March 2012];
Ontario/BP [planned October 2012]; Quebec/G-2 [Spring 2015])
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 16
Status of Actions: Improving Regulatory
Framework and Processes
CNSC Actions
• Class I Facilities Regulations − Submission of offsite emergency plans
• Radiation Protection Regulations − Applicability of operational versus emergency dose limits
• Updating key regulatory and guidance documents − “Omnibus” project to amend existing documents
− Applicable to operating reactors and New Builds
• Proposed new licence conditions − Severe accident management (SAM) Program
− Public information program
− Periodic safety review (PSR) process
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 17
Fukushima Nuclear Accident:
Overall Lessons Learned (1/2)
• Adequacy of station design for external hazards
• Need to preserve key safety functions in beyond design
basis accidents and address: − Hydrogen mitigation
− Irradiated fuel bay (IFB) cooling and/or inventory
− Emergency water and power systems availability
− Severe Accident Management measures efficacy
• Adequacy of emergency planning and response
• Consider complications arising from multi-unit sites and
coupling of hazards
Expect the unexpected
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 18
Fukushima Nuclear Accident:
Overall Lessons Learned (2/2)
• Risk of a major nuclear accident is very low but real − Public concerns about the safety of nuclear reactors worldwide
− Increased level of regulatory expectations and scrutiny in current
and new reactor designs
• Must re-think safety goals (RD-337) − Current safety goals are derived from the health impacts only
• Large releases are socially unacceptable and have
environmental and socio-economic impacts
• Need for a fundamental change in overall safety thinking:
from “prevention” of accidents to “prevention and mitigation”
Environmental and socio-economic
impacts
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 19
Conclusions:
General (1/2)
• Findings from CNSC Task Force Report issued
Oct 28, 2011 confirmed that Canadian nuclear
power plants are robust and rely on multiple
layers of defence
− No impact from credible external hazard
• Review of the Fukushima event and subsequent
actions will further enhance the safety of nuclear
power in Canada
• Enhanced safety leads to increased public
confidence
Canadian nuclear power plants are safe
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 2012 INPRO Dialogue Forum - 20
Conclusions:
General (2/2)
• CNSC Action Plan − Focus on mitigation as well as prevention − Improved compliance activities − Enhanced stakeholder and public participation
• Industry’s comprehensive response − Performed reviews to identify gaps and
opportunities for improvement − Made progress in implementing safety upgrades − Physical improvement implementation
• International initiatives and cooperation
− There is a need for greater cooperation at both the industry and regulatory levels and between the two
Making Canadian nuclear power plants
even safer
nuclearsafety.gc.ca
nuclearsafety.gc.ca
Thank you for your attention!