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Types of FTTxTypes of FTTx
FTTP FTTP –– Fiber to the PremisesFiber to the Premises
FTTN FTTN –– Fiber to the NodeFiber to the Node
FTTC FTTC –– Fiber to the Cabinet or Fiber to the Cabinet or FTTC FTTC –– Fiber to the Cabinet or Fiber to the Cabinet or
(HFC) (HFC) Hybrid fiber CoaxialHybrid fiber Coaxial
FTTB FTTB –– Fiber to the BuildingFiber to the Building
FTTH FTTH –– Fiber to the HomeFiber to the Home
EVOLUTION TO BROADBAND
ADSL 2 Mbps
ADSL 224 Mbps
vDSLvDSLvDSLvDSL
100Mbps
Functionalityand
Capabilities
IDSL128 kbps
Dial-up64 kbps
ADSL384 kbps
Pre 1997 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2004
Transport over HFC network
* By using frequency division multiplexing, an HFC
network may carry a variety of services, including
analog TV, digital TV (standard definition and HDTV),
Video on demand, telephony, and high-speed data. Video on demand, telephony, and high-speed data.
Services on these systems are carried on Radio
Frequency (RF) signals in the 5Mhz to 1000MHz
frequency band.
FIBER TO THE HOME
N S F
EXCHANGE
ONU
BUILDING
O
N
U
HOME
Metallic Lead - in
N
O
D
E
S
L
T
F
T
M
SLT - Subscriber Line Terminal
FTM - Fiber Termination Module
O�U - Optical Network Unit
Optical Fiber Cable Splice Enclosure
ONU
OPTICAL �ETWORK U�IT
AC POWER SOURCE
METALLIC LEAD IN
OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
Outdoor Installation Type
OPTICAL FIBER DROP
Direct FiberDirect FiberSimplest distributionSimplest distribution
Each fiber leaving the central office Each fiber leaving the central office
goes directly to the customergoes directly to the customer
Provide excellent bandwidthProvide excellent bandwidth
Very expensiveVery expensive
Use if the service area is very smallUse if the service area is very small
The customer is close to centralThe customer is close to central
Shared FiberShared FiberEach fiber leaving the central Each fiber leaving the central
office shared by many office shared by many
customercustomercustomercustomer
There are 2 competing optical There are 2 competing optical
distribution network distribution network
architectures which achieve architectures which achieve
this splitthis split
Passive Optical Network Passive Optical Network
(PON)(PON)
Do not use electrically powered Do not use electrically powered
components to split the signalcomponents to split the signal
It uses BEAM SPLITTERSIt uses BEAM SPLITTERSIt uses BEAM SPLITTERSIt uses BEAM SPLITTERS
It can split a fiber into 16, 32, or It can split a fiber into 16, 32, or
64 typically64 typically
Several splitters can be Several splitters can be
aggregated in a single cabinetaggregated in a single cabinet
PONPONBeam Splitter cannot provide any Beam Splitter cannot provide any switching or bufferingswitching or buffering
It is a point to multi point linkIt is a point to multi point link
It provides broadcast signal, including It provides broadcast signal, including to whom the signal is not intendedto whom the signal is not intendedto whom the signal is not intendedto whom the signal is not intended
Up to ONU / ONT to filter out any Up to ONU / ONT to filter out any signals intended for the customersignals intended for the customer
Each ONT/ONU must be coordinated in Each ONT/ONU must be coordinated in a multiplexing scheme to prevent a multiplexing scheme to prevent signals from customer colliding at the signals from customer colliding at the intersection intersection
Active Optical Network (AON)Active Optical Network (AON)
Star Network capable of multicastingStar Network capable of multicasting
Having multiple splitters housed in the Having multiple splitters housed in the same cabinetsame cabinet
Rely on some electrically powered Rely on some electrically powered Rely on some electrically powered Rely on some electrically powered equipment to distribute the signalequipment to distribute the signal
Switch, router or multiplexerSwitch, router or multiplexer
Each signal leaving the central office is Each signal leaving the central office is directed only to the customer for which directed only to the customer for which it is intendedit is intended
AONAONAvoid colliding at the Avoid colliding at the
intersection intersection
The powered equipment The powered equipment The powered equipment The powered equipment
provides buffering provides buffering
Common type of AONCommon type of AON
EMF EMF –– Ethernet in the First MileEthernet in the First Mile
Uses optical Ethernet switches to Uses optical Ethernet switches to
distribute the signaldistribute the signal
Each switching cabinet can handle Each switching cabinet can handle
1000 customer, 4001000 customer, 400--500 is more 500 is more
typicaltypical
Capable up to 100 MbsCapable up to 100 Mbs