Nomen:__________________________________________________________ Datum:___________________

Latin Primer B Summer 2017 Review Packet

Summer Packet Extra Credit Grading Rubric

Students are responsible for all of the information in the review packet regardless of attempting/completing the packet or not

Students may use their textbook/notes as needed, but are to work independently The summer packet is for practice ONLY and not for a grade The summer packet is to be completed with a No. 2 pencil ONLY

If you have any issues printing the review packet or any questions / concerns regarding the study guide, please contact me via my e-mail immediately: jsmith@classicalprep.org. After the last day of school (Friday, 05/26/17), I will be checking my e-mail periodically throughout the summer..

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Here is the completion summer schedule for the Latin review packet. When you have successfully completed the designated page(s), please put a check park in the space provided next to the date of completion. N.B. Some sections are longer than others, so please feel free to work ahead of the schedule given below.

Worksheet Assignment Page(s) Date of Completion Completion CheckEnglish Grammar and Noun Drills pp. 1-5 Week of: 05/29/17 - 06/02/17 [ ]

Latin Noun Declension pp. 6-7 Week of: 06/05/17 - 06/09/17 [ ]

Adjective / Noun Agreement pp. 8-10 Week of: 06/12/17 – 06/16/17 [ ]

Demonstrative / Personal Pronouns and Roman Numerals

pp. 11-12 Week of: 06/19/17 – 06/23/17 [ ]

Latin Prepositions p. 13 Week of: 06/26/17 – 06/30/17 [ ]

Latin Verbs pp. 14-19 Week of: 07/03/17 – 07/07/17 [ ]

Latin Sentence Translation p. 20 Week of: 07/10/17 – 07/14/17 [ ]

Latin Grammar pp. 21-22 Week of: 07/17/17 – 07/21/17 [ ]

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English/Latin Summer Grammar Review: (Nouns); OLC / Jenney’s First Year Latin / Primer B

Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech Definition ExamplesNouns Persons, Places, Things, Ideas “John, Jane, Roman, food, water”Pronouns Used to takes the place of nouns Personal: “I, you, he/she/it // we, you

all, they”Possessive: “My, your, his, her, its”Demonstrative: “this, that, the same, such”Interrogative: “who?, what?, which?”Relative: “who, what, which”

Verbs Words used to indicate actions or being

“fight, run, play, speak, hide, see, watch, guard, were, will be”

Prepositions Words used to link other words “to, for, in, in, at, through”Adverbs Words used to modify or specify

words in a sentence“Well, recently, soon, while, quickly, fortunately”

Adjectives Words used to describe “beautiful, big, small, rich, poor”

Sentence Structure

Cicero walks slowly to the large building.

Noun (Subject): “Cicero”Verb: “walks”Adverb : “slowly”Preposition: “to”Article Adjective “the”Adjective: “large”Noun (Object): “building”

Latin Grammar

Latin is an inflected language, meaning that word endings are important in determining a given word’s function within a given context. When Latin nouns are inflected, it is called declension. When Latin verbs are inflected, it is called conjugation.

Six (6) Latin Cases:

Case Case Function / Noun Job Examples (Latin forms in parentheses)Nominative Subject Horatia (Horatia) goes to school.Genitive Limits Noun “of” Quintus carries Horatia’s (Horatiae) book. Dative Indirect Object “to/for” Give the book to Horatia! (Horatiae)Accusative Direct Object Quintus sees Horatia. (Horatiam)Ablative Utility Case “by, with, from” Scintilla sees Quintus with Horatia. (cum Horatiā)

Noun Declension: First, Second, Third Declension Latin utilizes six (6) cases with their own word endings to determine a noun’s role in a given context. The vocative case (not listed) for direct address will be learned in future semesters.First and Second Declension Noun Case Endings:

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Case First Declension Singular//Plural Endings

Second Declension Singular//Plural Masculine Endings

Second Declension Singular//Plural Neuter Endings

Third Declension Singular//Plural (Masc./Fem.)

Third Declension Singular // Plural Neuter

Third Declension Singular // Plural Neuter (i-stem)

Nom. -a // -ae -us, -er, -ius // -ī -um // -a -any // -es -any // -a -al, -ar, -e // -ia

Gen. -ae // -ārum -ī // -ōrum -ī // -ōrum -is // -um (-ium)* -is // -um -is // -ium

Dat. -ae // -īs -ō // -īs -ō // -īs -i // -ibus -i // -ibus -i // -ibus

Acc. -am // -ās -um // -ōs -um // -a -em // -es same as nom. // -a

same as nom. // -ia

Abl. -ā // -īs -ō // -īs -ō // -īs -e // -ibus -e // -ibus -i // -ibus

Latin Noun Vocabulary Review

Note: When memorizing Latin nouns, you must memorize them by all three (3) noun essentials:

Nominative Singular, Genitive Singular, Gender + meaning // Example: puella, puellae f. “girl”

To decline a noun, go to the genitive singular which will tell you the noun’s declension. Drop the ending to get the base and then add the appropriate noun declension endings.

First Declension (-ae) Nouns:

-Nouns of the first declension are primarily feminine nouns in their gender:

casa, casae f. ‘house, cottage’ (1) Dictionary Form: casa, -ae f. ‘house, cottage’ (1)agricola, agricolae m. “farmer” (1) Dictionary Form: agricola, -ae m. “farmer”

Second Declension (-i) Nouns (Masculine):

-Nouns of the second declension are primarily masculine or neuter in their gender:

cibus, cibī m. ‘food’ (2) Dictionary Form: cibus, -ī m. ‘food’fīlius, filiī m. ‘son’ (2) Dictionary Form: fīlius, -ī m. ‘son’ ager, agrī m. ‘field’ (2) Dictionary Form: ager, -ī m. ‘field’

Second Declension (-i) Nouns (Neuter):

caelum, caelī n. ‘sky, heaven’ (2) Dictionary Form: caelum, -ī n. ‘sky, heaven’imperium, imperiī n. ‘order’ (2) Dictionary Form: imperium, -ī n. ‘order’

Neuter Nouns nominative AND accusative case endings are IDENTICAL.

Third Declension (-is) Nouns (Masculine and Feminine):

-Nouns of the third declension can be masculine, feminine or neuter in their gender:-timor, timoris m. ‘fear’ (3)-nox, noctis f. ‘night’ (3, i-stem) N.B. Third Declension (i-stem) nouns have a genitive plural that ends in (-ium)-carmen, carminis n. ‘song’ (3)-mare, maris n. ‘sea’ (3, i-stem)

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Latin Noun Declension Practice – Primer B

Directions: Identify the declension of the noun (1st ,2nd, or 3rd) by the genitive singular ending and then circle the correct gender of the adjective (1st and 2nd declension) to agree with the noun. Remember the noun essentials for nouns: nominative singular, genitive singular, gender, and meaning. For example: puella, puellae f. “girl.” The word in italics (puellae) is the genitive singular. Adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number and case.LATIN NOUNS DECLENSION LATIN ADJECTIVE (Circle One)

Example: lanista, lanistae m. “gladiator trainer” First (1st ) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)1. aqua, aquae f. “water” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)2. pirus, piri f. “pear tree” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)3. auriga, aurigae m. “charioteer” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)4. abyssus, abyssi f. “abyss, deep pit” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)5. luna, lunae f. “moon” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)6. vinum, vini n. “wine” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)7. decus, decoris n. “ornament” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)8. trabs, trabis f. “tree trunk” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)9. rete, retis n. “snare, net” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)10. sapientia, sapientiae f. “wisdom” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)11. somnus, somni m. “sleep” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)12. prunus, pruni f. “plum tree” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)13. princeps, principis m. “emperor” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)14. flumen, fluminis n. “river” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)15. malus, mali f. “apple tree” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)16. auris, auris f. “ear” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)17. corpus, corporis n. “body” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)18. humus, humi f. “earth, ground, soil” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)19. os, oris n. “mouth, face” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)20. ignis, ignis m. “fire” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)21. vexillum, vexilli n. “flag” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)22. scelus, sceleris n. “crime” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)23. thesaurus, thesauri m. “treasure” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)24. methodus, methodi f. “method” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)25. dryas, dryadis f. “elf” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)26. draco, draconis m. “dragon” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)27. vestigium, vestigii n. “footprint, trace, track” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)28. opus, operis n. “work, labor” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)29. iter, itineris n. “journey” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)30. mare, maris n. “sea” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)31. miles, militis m. “soldier” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)32. mors, mortis f. “death” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)33. animal, animalis n. “animal” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)34. consilium, consilii n. “plan, advice” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)35. dolor, doloris m. “pain, anguish, sorrow” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)36. ars, artis f. “art” (i-stem) -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)37. imperium, imperii n. “order, command, power” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)38. incola, incolae m. “settler” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)39. frumentum, frumenti n. “grain” -us (M) -a (F) -um (N)

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Latin nouns are grouped into categories known as declensions because they share the same set of case endings. You cannot mix and match declensions endings. The only way to know what declension a noun is in to know which endings to use is by the genitive singular only. To decline, go to the genitive singular ending to identify the declension. Next, drop the ending off to get the noun’s base and then from there, add the appropriate endings listed below. The case endings on a Latin noun tell us the noun’s job in a sentence.

Nominative Case = Subject (Example: The author’s book tells a story to his audience about Rome.)Genitive Case = Possession (Example: The author’s book tells a story to his audience about Rome.)Dative Case = Indirect Object (Example: The author’s book tells a story to his audience about Rome.)Accusative Case = Direct Object (Example: The author’s book tells a story to his audience about Rome.)Ablative Case = Utility Case (Example: The author’s book tells a story to his audience about Rome.)

The songs for the declensions:

First Declension = Twinkle, Twinkle, Little StarSecond Declension = B.I.N.G.O.Third Declension = Row, Row, Row Your Boat

1st Declension(Masc./Fem.)

2nd Declension(Masc./Fem.)

2nd Declension(Neuter)

3rd Declension(Masc & Fem)

Cases Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular PluralNominative -a -ae -us, -r -i -um -a -varies -es

Genitive -ae -arum -i -orum -i -orum -is -um (ium)**

Dative -ae -is -o -is -o -is -i -ibus

Accusative -am -as -um -os -um -a -em -es

Ablative -ā -is -o -is -o -is -e -ibus

3rd Declension (Neuter) 3rd Declension (Neuter “i-stem”)

Cases Singular Plural Singular PluralNominative varies (x) -a -varies (x) -ia

Genitive -is -um -is -ium

Dative -i -ibus -i -ibus

Accusative same as nominative

-a -same as nominative

-ia

Ablative -e -ibus -i -ibus

Noun Declension Practice

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Noun: fabulaNoun Essentials: fabula, fabulae f. “story”Declension: 1st Meaning: “story”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

NominativeGenitiveDativeAccusativeAblative----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Noun: amicusNoun Essentials: amicus, amici m. “friend”Declension: 2nd Meaning: “friend”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

NominativeGenitiveDativeAccusativeAblative----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Noun: periculumNoun Essentials: periculum, periculi n. “danger”Declension: 2nd (Neuter)Meaning: “danger”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

NominativeGenitiveDativeAccusativeAblative---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Noun: flosNoun Essentials: flos, floris m. “flower”Declension: 3rd Meaning: “flower”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

NominativeGenitiveDativeAccusativeAblativeNoun: nox

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Noun Essentials: nox, noctis f. “night”Declension: 3rd (i-stem)Meaning: “night”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Noun: litusNoun Essentials: litus, litoris n. “shore”Declension: 3rd Meaning: “shore”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

Nominative

Genitive

Dative

Accusative

Ablative

Noun: mareNoun Essentials: mare, maris n. “sea”Declension: 3rd (i-stem)Meaning: “sea”Case Case Function /

Noun JobNoun Singular Form

Noun Singular Meaning

Noun Plural Form

Noun Plural Meaning

NominativeGenitiveDativeAccusativeAblative

Latin Grammar Review: (Nouns/Adjectives); OLC/ Jenney’s First Year Latin

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Adjectives are words that accompany nouns and modify them in size, shape, quality, texture and so forth.

Example: Cicero writes a good book. The word “good” is the adjective modifying the noun “book."

In Latin, adjectives are declined like nouns and agree with the nouns they modify in: gender, number, and case.

First and Second Declension Adjectives:

-Decline like first and second declension nouns

Three types of First and Second Declension Adjectives:

bonus, bona, bonum ‘good’ Dictionary Form: bonus, -a, -ummiser, misera, miserum ‘miserable, wretched’ Dictionary Form: miser, -a, -umsacer, sacra, sacrum ‘sacred’ Dictionary Form: sacer, -a, -um

Latin Noun and Adjective Case EndingsSINGULARDeclension 1st Declension 2nd

Declension3rd Declension 3rd Declension

(i-stem)3rd Declension Neuter

3rd Declension Neuter (i-stem)

Gender F. M. / N. M / F M / F N NNominative -a -us, -er, -ir

/ -um-any -any -any -any

Genitive -ae -i -is -is -is -is

Dative -ae -o -i -i -i -i

Accusative -am -um -em -em -same as nom. -same as nom.

Ablative -ā -o -e -e* -e* -i

PLURALDeclension 1st Declension 2nd Declension 3rd Declension 3rd Declension

(i-stem)3rd Declension Neuter

3rd Declension Neuter (i-stem)

Gender F M / N M / F M / F N NNominative -ae -i / -a -es -es -a -ia

Genitive -arum -orum -um -ium -um -ium

Dative -is -is -ibus -ibus -ibus -ibus

Accusative -as -os / -a -es -es -a -ia

Ablative -is -is -ibus -ibus -ibus -ibus

M = Masculine F = Feminine N = Neuter

1st (Feminine) and 2nd (Masculine & Neuter) Declension Adjectiveslongus (M), longa (F), longum (N) ‘long’miser (M), misera (F), miserum (N) ‘wretched’pulcher (M), pulchra (F), pulchrum (N) ‘beautiful, handsome’*3rd Declension Adjectives Decline like i-stem 3rd Declension Nouns EXCEPT the ablative singular ends in an –i and NOT an –eAdjective / Noun Agreement Practice

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Noun: agricolaNoun Essentials: agricola, agricolae m. “farmer”Declension: 1st Meaning: “farmer”Adjective: bonusAdjective Essentials: bonus (M), bona (F), bonum(N) “good”Declension: 2nd Meaning: “good”Case Case Function Latin Adjective /

Noun Singular English Adjective /Noun Singular

Latin Adjective /Noun Plural

English Adjective /Noun Plural

Nom. SubjectGen. Limits NounDat. Indirect ObjectAcc. Direct ObjectAbl. Utility Case -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Noun: balanusNoun Essentials: balanus, balani f. “acorn”Declension: 2nd Meaning: “acorn”Adjective: pulcherAdjective Essentials: pulcher (M), pulchra (F), pulchrum (N) “beautiful” Declension: first Meaning: “beautiful”Case Case Function Latin Adjective /

Noun Singular English Adjective / Noun Singular

Latin Adjective / Noun Plural

English Adjective / Noun Plural

Nom. SubjectGen. Limits NounDat. Indirect ObjectAcc. Direct ObjectAbl. Utility Case

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Noun: donumNoun Essentials: donum, doni n. “gift”Declension: 2nd Meaning: “gift”Adjective: idAdjective Essentials: is (M), ea (F), id (N) “this” [spoken of]Declension: pronoun Meaning: “this” (sg.) // these (pl.) [spoken of] Case Case Function Latin Adjective /

Noun Singular English Adjective /Noun Singular

Latin Adjective /Noun Plural

English Adjective / Noun Plural

Nom. SubjectGen. Limits NounDat. Indirect ObjectAcc. Direct ObjectAbl. Utility CaseNoun: arx

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Noun Essentials: arx, arcis f. “castle”Declension: 3rd (i-stem) Meaning: “castle”Adjective: illaAdjective Essentials: ille (M), illa (F), illud (N) “that” [over there]Declension: pronoun Meaning: “that” (S) // “those” (P) [over there]Case Case Function Latin Adjective /

Noun Singular English Adjective / Noun Singular

Latin Adjective / Noun Plural

English Adjective / Noun Plural

Nom. SubjectGen. Limits NounDat. Indirect ObjectAcc. Direct ObjectAbl. Utility Case--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Noun: tigrisNoun Essentials: tigris, tigridis m. “tiger” Declension: 3rd Meaning: “tiger”Adjective: hicAdjective Essentials: hic (M), haec (F), hoc (N) “this” [here] Declension: pronoun Meaning: “this” (S) // “these” (P) [here]Case Case Function Latin Adjective /

Noun Singular English Adjective /Noun Singular

Latin Adjective /Noun Plural

English Adjective / Noun Plural

Nom. SubjectGen. Limits NounDat. Indirect ObjectAcc. Direct ObjectAbl. Utility Case

Adjective / Noun Agreement Tables:

Adjective/Noun

Requested Case/Number

Latin Adjective

Latin Noun Gender(M, F, N)

Latin Adjective / Noun Meaning

bonusagricola

genitive/plural

laetusnauta

accusative/singular

magnumdonum

nominative/plural

First and Second Declension Adjectives:

bonus, bona bonum ‘good’ Dictionary Form: bonus, -a, -ummiser, misera, miserum ‘wretched, miserable’ Dictionary Form: miser, -a, -umpulcher, pulchra, pulchrum ‘beautiful’ Dictionary Form: pulcher, -a, -um

laetus, -a, -um ‘happy’ noster, nostra, nostrum ‘our’magnus, -a, -um ‘great, big’ vester, vestra, vestrum ‘your’ (pl.)multus, -a, -um ‘much, many’ malus, -a, -um ‘bad’meus, -a, -um ‘my’ tuus, -a, -um ‘your’ (sg)Demonstrative Pronouns (Primer B, Chapters 6, 7, 22, 23, 24)

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In Latin, demonstratives serve as pronouns or adjectives which are equivalent to this/these and that/those in English. *Note: The genitive and dative singular of these demonstratives are irregular like the irregular adjectives; the genitive singular ends in (-ius) and the dative singular ends in (-ī); otherwise, they decline like first and second declension adjectives. (i.e. bonus, bona, bonum “good”)

is, ea, id “he, she, it, this, that” [the one spoken of]

ille, illa, illud “that (singular) over there, those (plural)” More emphatic than is, ea, id and can be used to indicate a subject change

iste, ista, istud “that” [nearby]

hic, haec, hoc “this (singular), these (plural)” [here]

Personal Pronouns (Primer B, Chapters 8, 9)

The pronouns for the first person ego “I (sg.),” nos “We (pl.)” and second person tu “you (sg.)” and vos “you (pl.)” For third person personal pronouns, Latin uses the pronouns: ille, iste, is, and hic. Like nouns, Latin personal pronouns decline in all cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative).

Examples: Will you walk with us to the field? ambulabisne nobiscum ad agrum?

Are you (singular) telling stories to me? narrasne mihi fabulas?

Pronoun Sentence Practice: Please Translate into English in the space provided.

1. videbamus illos._________________________________________________________________________

2. illi nos videbant._________________________________________________________________________

3. videbatisne me?__________________________________________________________________________

4. is te videbatne?___________________________________________________________________________

5. ea me videtne?___________________________________________________________________________

6. videbimus eum.__________________________________________________________________________

7. videbimusne eam?________________________________________________________________________

8. videtis istum regem._______________________________________________________________________

9. iste rex vos videtne?_______________________________________________________________________

10. tu videbasne hunc regem?_________________________________________________________________Roman Numerals (Primer B, Chapters 15, 16, 17)

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Cardinal show value = (‘one, two, three, etc.’)Ordinal show order = (‘first, second, third, etc.)

Numeral (Cardinal) – Shows Value Declensionūnus (masculine), ūna (feminine), ūnum (neuter) Declines like ‘ille’ in genitive (-ius) and dative (-ī)

singularduo (masculine), duae (feminine), duo (neuter) Irregular (similar to 2nd and 3rd Declension Adjectives)trēs (masculine), trēs (feminine), tria (neuter) Declines like plural of ‘omnis, omne’

For the declension of the numerals I, II, and III, see Chapters 15, 16 and 17

Example: trium casārum = ‘of three houses’

Numerals quattor (4) to centum (100) do not decline

Ordinal numbers all decline like bonus, -a, -um

Example: tertius, tertia, tertium ‘third’ Dictionary Form: tertius, -a, -um

Roman Numeral Exercise

Directions: Translate the Arabic numerals in the table below into Latin. Provide the gender, number, case and meaning for the numerals (when applicable) and nouns in the table. N.B. Please provide only one answer for each problem, even for the problems that have more than one answer.

1. Example: (3) virī M/P/Nom. tres viri = “three men” (Subject)

5. (2) avibus ___/___/___ 9. (1) vocem ___/___/___

2. (1) regis ___/___/___ 6. (2) matrum ___/___/___ 10. (3) poenis ___/___/___

3. (2) curarum ___/___/___ 7. (1) nocte ___/___/___ 11. (1st ) luci ___/___/___

4. (2nd) imago ___/___/___ 8. (3rd) pedem ___/___/___ 12. (1) mentis ___/___/___

Latin Prepositions

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Directions: Please provide the case (ablative or accusative) and translation of each Latin preposition into English. Prepositions with a (2) are used in both cases, so be sure to list how they are translated in both the ablative and accusative.

Latin Preposition Associated Case MeaningExample: ad Accusative “to, toward”anteapudcircacontraextrainfrainterintraiuxtaobperpostpraeterpropeproptersecundumsupersupratransultraā/abcoramcumdeē/exin (2)praeprosinesub (2)tenus

Latin Grammar Review: OLC / Jenney’s First Year Latin / Primer B (Verbs)

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Verbs are words used in Latin, as in English, to express action or a state of being.

Like nouns, Latin verbs are inflected. When Latin verbs are inflected, it is known as conjugation.

Latin Verbs have the following traits:

Person: First, Second, Third (Singular: ‘I, You, He/She/It’ Plural: ‘We, You (all), They’)Number: Singular, PluralTense: Present, Imperfect, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future, Future PerfectVoice: Active, PassiveMood: Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive

Most Regular Verbs have four (4) Principal Parts:

Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum ‘to love’ (2)

(1) First Person Singular, Present Active Indicative (amo)(2) Present Active Infinitive (amare)(3) First Person Singular, Perfect Active Indicative (amavi)(4) Supine (amatum)(5) Conjugation: (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 3rd –io, 4th) and irregular verbs (i.e. ‘esse, ire, velle,’ etc.)

Verb Tenses and Examples in English:

Present Tense: Action(s) happening right now (Ex. amo = “I love, I do love, I am loving”) Imperfect Tense: Past action(s) that were ongoing or incomplete (Ex. amabam = “I was loving, I used

to love, I kept loving”) Future Tense: Action(s) that happen after the present (Ex. amabo = “I will love, I shall love”) Perfect Tense: Completed action(s) in the past or present (have) perfect (Ex. amavi = “I loved, I have

loved”) Pluperfect Tense: Past action(s) that happens before another past action(s) (Ex. amaveram “I had

loved”) Future Perfect Tense: Action(s) that happens after the present, but before the future (Ex. amavero “I

will have loved, I shall have loved”)

Verb Active Personal Endings for Present, Imperfect and Future TensesSingular Present

TenseImperfect Tense

Future Tense Perfect Tense

Pluperfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense

Principal Part Used + Ending

1st – 2nd 1st – 2nd 1st – 2nd 3rd 3rd 3rd

First -o -bam -bo // -am X X XSecond -s -bas -bis // -es X X XThird -t -bat -bit // -et X X XPluralFirst -mus -bamus -bimus // -emus X X XSecond -tis -batis -bitis // -etis X X XThird -nt -bant -bunt // -ent X X X**The perfect, pluperfect and future perfect endings will be introduced in upcoming semesters.Example: amō, amāre, amavī, amatum ‘to love’ (1)

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Part 1: For 1st (-āre) and 2nd (-ēre) conjugation verbs, take the present active infinitive (amāre) and drop the (–re) ending to get the stem: amā for the present, imperfect and future tenses.

Part 2: From here, add your personal endings. For 3rd (-ere), 3rd-io and 4th conjugation verbs, go to the first principal part, drop the (-o) and then add the endings. Remember, for 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th conjugation, you will have to add a vowel to some of the endings (i.e. audi+u+nt = audiunt ‘they hear’) 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs use the first set of future endings (‘bo, bis, bit…) while 3rd, 3rd-io, and 4th use the second set of endings (‘am, es, et…). The principal parts of the verb tells you the conjugation of the verb.

Part 3: To form the perfect, pluperfect or future perfect active of a Latin verb, go the verb’s third principal part (which must be memorized like the other principal parts), drop the (-i) ending and add the necessary endings.

Verb Conjugation Practice 1: Present Tense

Verb: narroVerb Principal Parts (4): narro, narrare, narravi, narratum “to tell”Tense: PresentConjugation: 1st Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First SecondThird

Verb: teneoVerb Principal Parts (4): teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentum “to hold”Tense: PresentConjugation: 2nd Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First SecondThird

Verb: dicoVerb Principal Parts (4): dico, dicere, dixi, dictum “to say”Tense: PresentConjugation: 3rd Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First SecondThird

Verb Conjugation Practice 2: Imperfect Tense

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Verb: narroVerb Principal Parts (4): narro, narrare, narravi, narratum “to tell”Tense: ImperfectConjugation: 1st Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: teneoVerb Principal Parts (4): teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentum “to hold”Tense: ImperfectConjugation: 2nd Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: dicoVerb Principal Parts (4): dico, dicere, dixi, dictum “to say”Tense: ImperfectConjugation: 3rd Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb Conjugation Practice 3: Future Tense

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Verb: narroVerb Principal Parts (4): narro, narrare, narravi, narratum “to tell”Tense: FutureConjugation: 1st Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: teneoVerb Principal Parts (4): teneo, tenēre, tenui, tentum “to hold”Tense: FutureConjugation: 2nd Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: dicoVerb Principal Parts (4): dico, dicere, dixi, dictum “to say”Tense: FutureConjugation: 3rd Person Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb Conjugation Practice 4: Irregular Verb “sum, esse, fui, futurum”

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Verb: sumVerb Principal Parts (4): sum, esse, fui, futurum “to be”Tense: PresentConjugation: IrregularPerson Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: sumVerb Principal Parts (4): sum, esse, fui, futurum “to be”Tense: ImperfectConjugation: IrregularPerson Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: sumVerb Principal Parts (4): sum, esse, fui, futurum “to be”Tense: FutureConjugation: IrregularPerson Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb Conjugation Practice 4: Irregular Verb “fero, ferre, tuli, latum “to carry, bear”

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Verb: feroVerb Principal Parts (4): fero, ferre, tuli, latum “to carry, bear”Tense: PresentConjugation: IrregularPerson Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: feroVerb Principal Parts (4): fero, ferre, tuli, latum “to carry, bear”Tense: ImperfectConjugation: IrregularPerson Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Verb: feroVerb Principal Parts (4): fero, ferre, tuli, latum “to carry, bear”Tense: FutureVoice: ActivePerson Verb

Singular FormVerb Singular Meaning

Verb Plural Form

Verb Plural Meaning

First

Second

Third

Latin Sentence Translation

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Please label, parse and translate each Latin sentence into English.

Label:

Marcus et Davus ad casam currebant. Parse:

English Translation:

Label:

Marcus iuxta forum habitabit. Parse:

English Translation:

Label:

debemusne spectare illa flumina? Parse:

English Translation:

Label:

duo pisces per aquam eunt. Parse:

English Translation:

Latin Grammar Question (Primer B, Chapters 1-30)

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1. The Three Characteristics of verbs are: ________________, _______________, ________________

2. The number of a verb answers the question “____________________ __________________________”

3. Verbs can either be _________________ person, ________________ person, ______________ person.

4. Tense is __________________________________________________________________________.

5. The first principal part is the ________________ tense form (in first person singular).

6. The second principal part is called the ____________________________ form.

7. The present and infinitive forms give us the __________________________ stem.

8. The ____________ , _____________ , and __________________ tenses use the present stem.

9. How do you know the gender of a noun? __________________________________________________.

10. Why do you have to know the gender of a noun?____________________________________________.

11. What person are the English pronouns “I,” “me,” “we” and “us?”_______________________________

12. What person is the English pronoun “you?” ________________________________________________

13. What person are the English pronouns “he,” “she,” “it,” “they” and “them?”_______________________

14. One of the most common ways that a noun can modify another noun is to show ____________________.

15. In Latin, we show possession by using the __________________________________________________.

16. A _______________________________________ genitive shows that something is part of a whole.

17. A genitive of _____________________ tells you where someone is from.

18. A genitive of _____________________ shows you what something is made from.

19. A genitive of _____________________ shows you that something is possessed (or owned) by someone or something else.

20. What is the difference between a cardinal and ordinal number?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

21. What is the neuter rule? __________________________________________________________________

22. Why do you have to know the genitive singular ending for each noun? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

23. Third declension i-stem nouns (masculine and feminine) have an extra “I” in the ______________ plural forms.

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24. Adjectives have to match the noun they modify (describe) in ____________________ , ________________, and __________________.

25. What do demonstrative pronouns do?_______________________________________________________

26. What is the difference between hic and ille?__________________________________________________

27. What is the difference between iste and ille? _________________________________________________

28. What is the stem vowel for 1st conjugation verbs?_____________________________________________

29. What is the stem vowel for 2nd conjugation verbs?_____________________________________________

30. A Latin infinitive is usually best translated into English with the word _______________ in front of it.

31. In what four forms do 3rd declension neuter (i-stem) nouns have an extra “I”? _____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

32. The __________________________ tells us what noun declension a noun is in to know what endings to use for that noun.

33. ______________________________ must be memorized for adjective/noun agreement and does not tell us what declension a noun is in to know what endings to use for that noun.

For Additional Online Practice:

Phillips’ Online Latin Labs: http://www.umsl.edu/~phillipsm/oldrills/index.htmlOnline Latin Drills for Primer B: http://headventureland.com/moodle

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Mr. Smith Contact Information: jsmith@classicalprep.org.

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