English Vocab, Punctuation and Grammar … · Question Mark – A mark that is used at the end of a sentence ask a question. e.g. Have you seen my ... come some said your once were

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English

VocabularyPunctuation & Grammar! (includes spelling lists)

Years 1-6

Teacher’s Reference

Comma

Subject

Adverb


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Year1


WordType Meaning ExampleLetter –Awrittenmarkfromthe

alphabet.

e.g.A-Z

Word –Asoundwithameaning.

e.g.apple

Sentence –Acompletesetofwordsthatcometogetherpresentingabeginningandanend.Sentencescanbestatements,questions,commandsorexclamations.

e.g.Thisisanapple.

Capitalletter –Aletterofthealphabetusedforpropernounsortostartasentence.

e.g.Look,Abdullahiseatingtheapple.

PunctuationMarks –Theseareessentialwhenwritingandshowthereaderswhereasentencestartsandendswhenusedproperly.

e.g.Whereistheapple?Ifoundtheapple!Theappleisgreen.

FullStop –Adotattheendofasentenceorabbreviation.

e.g.Mr.Hasantookanapple.

ExclamationMark –Amarkthatisusedafterawordtoexpressastrongfeeling.

e.g.Help!Ican’tfindmyapple!

QuestionMark –Amarkthatisusedattheendofasentenceaskaquestion.

e.g.Haveyouseenmyapple?

Singular –Awordthatisusedtorefertoonlyonethingorperson.

e.g.Ifoundmyappleinmybag.

Plural –Awordthatisusedtorefertomorethanonething.

e.g.Wearealleatingapplestoday.


Contraction –Awordthatismadebyshorteningandcombiningtwowords.

e.g.He’lleattwoapples.


SpellingList:Iatodoofgosobehemewenobyis

hisherMrMrsyouthesheoneaskputarewashasour

anyoldwhoeyesaidsaysyoutheycomesomesaidyouroncewere

herelovepushpullfulldoorpoorfindmindkindwildmostbothonly

manycoldgoldholdtoldbusyfastlastpastpasspathbathhourmove

halfsureeventodaytherehousefloorwholechildclimbeverygreatbreaksteak

afterclasswateragaingrassplantprovemoneysugarcouldwouldshouldfriendschool

parentsbehindclothespeopleprettyfathermotherbecausechildrenimprovebeautifuleverybody


Year2


WordType Meaning ExampleAdjective –Awordthatdescribesor

modifiesanounorpronoun.

e.g.Itwasajuicyapple.

Question –Asentencethatrequiresareply.

e.g.Didyoueatyourapple?

Statement –Somethingexpressedclearlyinspeechorwriting.

e.g.Applesareaveryhealthyfruittoeatasasnack.

Verb –Awordtoexpressanactionincludingdifferenttense,voice,moodandnumber.

e.g.Eat,taste,stand,sit,jump.

Adverb –Awordthatdescribesormodifiesaverb,adjectiveoranotheradverb.Itcanalsobeusedtomodifyacompletesentence.

e.g.Eventually,heateslowlytohelphisfooddigestbetter.

Apostrophe –Amarkusedtoshowwherelettersornumberhavebeenleftout.

e.g.Ididn’tforgetwhatyoutoldmeaboutAbdullah’sdiet.

Comma –Amarkusedtoseparatepartsofasentencesuchaswords,phrases,alistorapauseInspeech.

e.g.Afterwefinishedeating,weallsatdowntoread,writeordrawsomething.

Exclamation –Asentencethatexpressesastrongfeeling.Theybeginwith‘What’or‘How’andendwithanexclamationmark.

e.g.Whatanamazingbookthatis!

Command –Aninstructionororderingsomeonetodosomethingusuallybeginningwithanimperative.

e.g.Leavetheroomnow.


Compound –Whentwodifferentwordsmakeuponeword.

e.g.class+room=classroom

NounPhrase –Includesanounandthemodifierswhichdistinguishesit,includingadjectives.‘Girl’isanoun,anounphrasewillgiveinformationaboutthegirl.

e.g.Thatgirlintheclassroomwaswearingredshoes.

Noun –Awordthatnamesaperson,place,thing,orcondition.Anounmaybethesubjectofasentenceortheobjectofaverborpreposition.

e.g.Aishalikestowearredshoesintheclassroom.

ProperNoun –Thenameofapersonorplace,requiringacapitalletter.

e.g.GiveAishathebook.TheyallwenttoLondon.

Suffix –Letterorlettersaddedtotheendofawordtomakeanewwordwithaslightlydifferentmeaning.

e.g.Aishawantedtostayintheclassroom.

Tense –Theaspectofverbsthatshowswhenanactiontakesplace.Verbscanbepast,presentorfuturetense.

e.g.wanted(pasttense),wanting(presenttense),want(futuretense)

Co-ordination –Co-ordinatingconjunctionsjointwoormoremainclausestogetherinasentence.

e.g.Theyweregoingtoreadtogether,buttheyranoutoftime.

Subordination –Subordinatingconjunctionsaddextrainformationtooursentencebutarenotasimportantasthemainclause.

e.g.Wecanreadtomorrow,ifwefindthetime.


SpellingList:Iatodoofgosobehemewenobyis

hisherMrMrsyouthesheoneaskputarewashasour

anyoldwhoeyesaidsaysyoutheycomesomesaidyouroncewere

herelovepushpullfulldoorpoorfindmindkindwildmostbothonly

manycoldgoldholdtoldbusyfastlastpastpasspathbathhourmove

halfsureeventodaytherehousefloorwholechildclimbeverygreatbreaksteak

afterclasswateragaingrassplantprovemoneysugarcouldwouldshouldfriendschool

parentsbehindclothespeopleprettyfathermotherbecausechildrenimprovebeautifuleverybody


Year3/4


WordType Meaning ExamplePrefix –Lettersaddedtothe

beginningofawordtomakeanewword.

e.g.unwanted,disagree,impossible.

SpeechMarks –Marksthatgoaroundthespeaker’swordsonlytoshowthatsomeoneisspeaking.

e.g.“Whatwillyoureadtoday?”askedMr.Hasan.

DirectSpeech –Speechwhichactuallycomesoutfromsomeone’smouthlikespeechbubbles.

ConsonantLetter –Lettersoundsmadewhenyouuseyourteeth,lipsand/ortongue.

e.g.theletter‘b’comesfromthelips.Closeyourlipsquicklythenopenthemquickly.Theconsonantlettersfromthealphabetare:BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ

VowelLetter –Lettersoundsmadewhenyouchangetheshapeofyourmouthwhenopened.Noneedtousetheteeth,tongueorlips.

e.g.Thefollowinglettersareallvowels:AEIOU.Ycanalsobeusedtorepresentavowelsound.

Clause –Aphraseoftwoormorewords.Averbisusedasthekeyword.

e.g.Aishareadtwobooksbecausesheenjoysreading.

SubordinateClause –Addedpartofasentencetoanotherclausebutnotasentencebyitself.

e.g.Aishawenthomewhenshefinishedreading.Whenshearrivedhome,shehuggedhermother.

Preposition –Linksanounornounphrasetoanotherword.Theyoftenmarkdirectionorlocations,butcanalsomaketimelinks.

e.g.Putyourclothesinthewash.Wewenttothekitchentocook.It’sbeenawhilesinceweatebeef.


Conjunction –Linkstwowords,phrasesorclausestogetheraspartofasentence.Thetwomaintypesofconjunctions.Oneiswhenwordssuchas‘and’,‘but’and‘so’linktwowordsorphraseswhichareequallyimportant.Thesecondiswhenwordssuchas‘because’,‘if’or‘when’introduceasubordinateclause.

e.g.IreadtwobooksintheclassroomandthenIreadanothertwobooksforbedtime.Ifyoulike,youcanreadanotherbook.There’snoclasstomorrowbecauseitisaweekend.

WordFamily –Wordsrelatedbymeaning,grammarorspelling.

e.g.Teach,teacher,teaching.


SpellingList:fruitbuildearthearlyguideheartguardgroupheardlearnoftenreigncirclecentreactual(ly)

answerappeararrivebreathcaughtdecideeight/eighthenoughheightweightislandlengthminutenoticerecent

thoughthoughtwomanwomenvarioussurprisesupposestrangespecialstrengthstraightseparatesentencerememberregular

questionquartermentionpurposepromiseprobablypressurepotatoespossiblepossess(ion)popularpositionperhapspeculiarparticular

ordinaryoppositeoccasion(ally)naughtynaturalmedicinemateriallibraryknowledgeaccident(ally)addressbelievebicyclebreathebusy(business)

calendarcenturycertaincompleteconsidercontinuedescribedifferentdifficultdisappearexerciseexperienceexperimentextremefavourite

forward(s)grammarhistoryimagineincreaseimportantinterest


Year5


SpellingList:bruiseequip(ped)fortyharassleisuremuscleoccurqueuerhymesincere(ly)suggestsymbolsystemtwelfthvariety

vehicleyachtachieveamateurancientapparentattachedavailableaverageawkwardbargaincategorycommitteecommunitycompetition

conscienceconsciouscriticisecuriositydefinitedesperatedevelopdictionarydisastrousembarrassequipmentexcellentespeciallyexistencefamiliar

foreignfrequentlyguaranteehindranceidentityimmediate(ly)individualinterfereinterruptlanguagenecessarylightningnuisanceneighbouroccupy

persuadephysicalprejudiceprivilegeprofessionrecogniserecommendrelevantrestaurantsacrificesecretaryshouldersignaturestomachsoldier

thoroughvegetableaccompanyaccordingaggressiveappreciatecommunicatecontroversyconveniencecorresponddeterminedenvironmentexaggerateexplanationgovernment

marvellousmischievousopportunityparliamentprogrammepronunciationsufficienttemperatureaccommodate


WordType Meaning ExampleParenthesis –Toaddextradetailtoa

sentencewhichisalreadygrammaticallycorrect.Thereareuseofbrackets,dashesorcommastoseparatetheparentheticalinformationfromthemainsentence.

e.g.Mr.Hasan(myteacher)enjoysteachingArabic.Abdullah,whoattendsmyclass,isbrilliantatArabic.

RelativePronoun –Introducesarelativeclauseandrefersbacktoanounorclausethatisalreadyknown.

e.g.who,which,where,that,when.

Cohesion –Textswhichmakelogicalsense.Thereadercanseehowonepartmovestoanotherandhowtheendlinksbacktothebeginning.

e.g.Aishalikesreading.SheenjoysreadingArabicbooks.Atbedtime,AishareadstwoArabicbooks.

RelativeClause –Aspecialtypeofsubordinateclausewhichaddsextrainformationtoanothernounorclause.

e.g.Aisha,wholovesreadingbooks,isverysmart.Abdullahatetwoapples,whichreallysurprisedme.

Ambiguity/Ambiguous –Ifaphrase,clauseorsentenceisambiguous,themeaningisnotclear.Oftenyoucancorrectthisissuebyre-orderingthesentenceorusingmoreprecisepunctuation.

e.g.Icuddledmymotherreadingtwobooks.Wasthemotherreadingthetwobooks?Correction:Readingtwobooks,Icuddledmymother.

ModalVerb –Theychangeoraffectotherverbsinasentence.Theyareusedtoshowthelevelofpossibility,indicateability,showobligationorgivepermission.

e.g.CANWILLSHALLMUSTCOULDSHOULD



Year6


WordType Meaning ExamplePassive –Whentheverbisbeing

donebytheobject(ratherthanthesubjectdoingtheverb).Thisturnstheobjectintothepassivesubject.

e.g.Theteachercleanedthedesk:theteacher(subject),cleaned(verbphrase),thedesk(object).Thedeskwascleanedbytheteacher:thedesk(passivesubject),wascleaned(verbphrase),bytheteacher(optionalagent).

Active –Whenthepatternissubject-verb-object.Thesubjectoftheverbismoreimportant.

e.g.Theteachercleanedthedesk.Abdullahbrokethechair.

Subject –Thesubjectistheperson,nounphrase,pronounorthingwhichdoestheverbinaclause.

e.g.Aisha’smotherisbakingcupcakesformetoday.Areyougoingtothepark?

Object –Theobjectistheperson,nounphrase,pronounorthingwhichusuallycomesdirectlyaftertheverb.Itshowswhattheverbisactingon.

e.g.Aisha’smotherisbakingcupcakesformetoday.Areyougoingtothepark?

Synonym –Awordorphrasewiththesameorsimilarmeaningtoanother.Theycanbefoundinthethesaurus.

e.g.small-tiny-little.

Antonym –Wordswithoppositemeanings.

e.g.small-big.

Homonyms –Wordsthatsoundalikebuthavedifferentspellingsandmeanings.

e.g.their-therewould-woodbe-bee.


SpellingList:bruiseequip(ped)fortyharassleisuremuscleoccurqueuerhymesincere(ly)suggestsymbolsystemtwelfthvariety

vehicleyachtachieveamateurancientapparentattachedavailableaverageawkwardbargaincategorycommitteecommunitycompetition

conscienceconsciouscriticisecuriositydefinitedesperatedevelopdictionarydisastrousembarrassequipmentexcellentespeciallyexistencefamiliar

foreignfrequentlyguaranteehindranceidentityimmediate(ly)individualinterfereinterruptlanguagenecessarylightningnuisanceneighbouroccupy

persuadephysicalprejudiceprivilegeprofessionrecogniserecommendrelevantrestaurantsacrificesecretaryshouldersignaturestomachsoldier

thoroughvegetableaccompanyaccordingaggressiveappreciatecommunicatecontroversyconveniencecorresponddeterminedenvironmentexaggerateexplanationgovernment

marvellousmischievousopportunityparliamentprogrammepronunciationsufficienttemperatureaccommodate


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English Vocab, Punctuation and Grammar … · Question Mark – A mark that is used at the end of a sentence ask a question. e.g. Have you seen my ... come some said your once were