English - Vietnames

7/27/2019 English - Vietnames

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dropping off in the number of hungry people in the

late nineteen nineties.

But then it rose again, of course, during the financial

crisis of two thousand seven-two thousand

eight.. And then the very high food prices, together

with the high fuel prices, really knocked everything

off track again. And then, of course, climate change

has come in and that's made it more difficult to grow

food.

The Global Hunger Index is prepared by three

private organizations based in Germany, the United

States and Ireland.

The latest report says twenty-nine countries have

levels of hunger that are considered "alarming."

The biggest increases were found in the Democratic

Republic of Congo.

The report says hunger has risen by more than sixty-

five percent since nineteen ninety because of conflict

and political insecurity.

And Caroline Hurford says Congo is not alone.

CAROLINE HURFORD: "Clearly conflict is a huge

problem as far as the actual growing of produce and

crops is concerned. People can't necessarily tend

their fields if they are always being chased away by

armed rebels."

A separate report says twenty-two countries have

suffered from a hunger and food crisis for at least

eight years.

ra trong s ngi b i trong nhng nm cui thp

nin chn mi mi chn.

Nhng sau n sng li, tt nhin, trong cuc

khng hong ti chnh ca hai ngn by-hai ngn

tm .. V sau gi lng thc rt cao, cng vi

gi nhin liu cao, thc s b tt c mi th khing ua mt ln na. V sau , tt nhin, bin

i kh hu i vo v l lm cho n kh khn

hn trng cy lng thc.

Ch s i ngho ton cu c chun b bi ba t

chc t nhn c tr s ti c, M v Ireland.

Bo co mi nht cho bit hai mi chn quc gia

c mc i c coi l "ng bo ng."

S gia tng ln nht c tm thy Cng ha Dn

ch Congo.

Bo co cho bit nn i tng hn su mi lm

phn trm k t nm 1990 v xung t v bt n

chnh tr.

V Caroline Hurford ni Congo khng phi l mt

mnh.

CAROLINE HURFORD: "R rng l cuc xung

t l mt vn ln nh xa nh pht trin thc t

ca sn phm v cy trng l c lin quan dn

khng nht thit c th c xu hng cc lnh vcca h nu h lun b xua ui bi qun ni dy v

trang.".

Mt bo co khc cho bit hai mi hai quc gia

b mt nn i v khng hong lng thc trong t

nht tm nm.

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3/32

Twenty percent of the world's hungry live in these

countries, most of which are in Africa.

That report is from the U.N. Food and Agriculture

Organization and the World Food Program.

They say new policies are needed to deal with theselong-term crises.

Peter Smerdon at the World Food Program says

emergency aid must include development assistance.

PETER SMERDON: "You have to do both things.

You have to do both development and emergency

assistance to keep people alive to reverse thesituation.

Otherwise, you're just going to be stuck in a

protracted crisis, and have to keep trying to put out

the fire. But you're not actually changing the

structure of the crisis at all."

Both reports were released ahead of World FoodDay this past Saturday.

And that's the VOA Special English Development

Report, written by June Simms.I'm Mario Ritter.

Hai mi phn trm i trn th gii sng cc

quc gia ny, hu ht trong s l chu Phi.

Rng bo co t T chc Lng thc v Nng

nghip Lin Hp Quc v Chng trnh Lng

thc Th gii.

H ni rng chnh sch mi l cn thit i ph

vi cc cuc khng hong di hn.

Peter Smerdon ca Chng trnh Lng thc Th

gii cho bit vin tr khn cp phi bao gm h tr

pht trin.

PETER SMERDON: "Bn phi lm c hai vic bn

phi lm h tr c hai pht trin v khn cp

gip ngi cn sng o ngc tnh hnh..

Nu khng, bn ch s b mc kt trong mt cuc

khng hong ko di, v phi tip tc c gng

dp la. Nhng bn khng thc s thay i c cu

ca cuc khng hong tt c. "

C hai bo co c pht hnh trc ngy Lng

thc Th gii th by va qua.

V l Bo co pht trin VOA Ting Anh c

bit, c vit vo thng Su Simms.I ang Mario

Ritter.

News2:

New Attention Given to Child Cocoa

Workers in Ivory Coast and Ghana

Tin tc 2:

Ch mi a cho cng nhn ca cao tr em

B Bin Ng v Ghana

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4/32

Children living in a cocoa-producing village near the

town of Oume, Ivory Coast.

This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.

Chocolate comes from cocoa beans, and more than

half of those beans come from two countries in West

Africa.

. But the situation is not all sweetness for poor cocoa

farmers in Ivory Coast and neighboring Ghana.

The United States has announced ten million dollars

for renewed efforts to end the worst forms of child

labor in the cocoa industry in those countries.

The grant will support efforts to reduce poverty so

parents do not have to depend on the labor of their

children.

Another aim is to give children more access to

education.

The money will go toward a new "Framework of

Action" related to an international agreement from

two thousand one.

That agreement is called the Harkin-Engel Protocol.

American Senator Tom Harkin and Representative

Tr em sng trong mt ngi lng ca cao-sn xut

gn th trn Oume, B Bin Ng.

y l bo co Nng nghip Ting Anh VOA

Special.

S c la n t ht cacao, v hn mt na trong s

nhng ht c ph n t hai quc gia Ty Phi.

. Nhng tnh hnh khng phi l tt c ngt ngo

cho nng dn trng cacao ngho B Bin Ng v

Ghana lng ging.

Hoa K cng b mi triu la cho nhng n

lc mi nhm chm dt cc hnh thc ti t nht

ca lao ng tr em trong ngnh cng nghip ca

cao nhng nc ny.

S tin ny s h tr cc n lc xa i gim ngho

nn cha m khng cn phi ph thuc vo lao ng

ca con ci h.

Mc ch khc l cho con tip cn nhiu hn vi

gio dc.

S tin ny s i ti mt "Khung hnh ng" milin quan n mt tha thun quc t t nm 2001.

l tha thun c gi l Ngh nh th Harkin-

Engel.

Thng ngh s M Tom Harkin v i din Elliott

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5/32

Elliott Engel led negotiations with the chocolate and

cocoa industries.

The Department of Labor announced the grant in

September, along with seven million dollars

promised by the international cocoa industry.

The governments of Ghana and Ivory Coast have

also promised resources and policy support for the

new efforts.

Kevin Willcutts is an official in the Labor

Department's Office of Child Labor.

KEVIN WILLCUTTS: "Were at a point in timewhen we think we have a real opportunity because

with the signing of this joint declaration, the parties

are coming together and saying that we share a

common commitment to address the situation and to

offer children better hope for the future through

education."

Daan de Vries is with Utz Certified, a program that

tries to create a fair marketplace for agricultural

products.

Mr. de Vries says some crops are grown closer to

cities because they must be processed quickly.

But he says crops like cocoa and coffee are often

grown in very rural areas with more poverty and less

enforcement of rules.

Bama Athreya directs the International Labor Rights

Forum.

Engel dn cuc m phn vi cc ngnh cng

nghip s c la v ca cao.

B Lao ng cng b ti tr trong thng chn, cng

vi by triu la ha ca ngnh ca cao quc t.

Chnh ph Ghana v B Bin Ng cng ha vicc ngun lc v chnh sch h tr cho nhng n

lc mi.

Kevin Willcutts l mt quan chc trong vn phng

ca lao ng tr em ca B Lao ng.

KEVIN WILLCUTTS: "Chng ti ang mt thi

im khi chng ta ngh rng chng ta c mt c hi

thc s bi v vi vic k kt Tuyn b chung ny,

cc bn n vi nhau v ni rng chng ta chia s

mt cam kt chung gii quyt tnh hnh v cung

cp cho tr em tt hn hy vng cho tng lai thng

qua gio dc. "

Daan de Vries l vi Utz Certified, mt chng

trnh m c gng to ra mt th trng cng

bng cho cc sn phm nng nghip.

ng de Vries cho bit mt s cy c trng gn

vi cc thnh ph v h phi c x l mt cch

nhanh chng.

Nhng ng ni rng cc loi cy nh ca cao v c

ph thng c trng nhng vng nng thn rtngho hn v t thc thi cc quy tc.

Bama Athreya ch o Din n Quyn Lao ng

Quc t.

Bama Athreya: " c mt s min cng thc s

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6/32

BAMA ATHREYA: "There's been a real

unwillingness to act that I think is driven by the

business proposition of getting cheap child labor to

produce the cocoa for quite some time. And that is a

major challenge."

Larry Graham, president of the National

Confectioners Association in Washington,

represented industry groups at the launch of the

framework.

He said "Our industry is fully committed to helping

even more cocoa farming families through this

innovative partnership."

Ivory Coast is the world's largest cocoa grower. But

the country has been split in half since a failed

overthrow in two thousand two led to armed

conflict.

A long-delayed presidential election is set for this

Sunday.

And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture

Report, written by Jerilyn Watson, with Drew

Hinshaw reporting from Senegal. I'm Bob Doughty

hnh ng m ti ngh l li xe ca cc xut

kinh doanh ca vic lao ng tr em gi r sn

xut ca cao mt thi gian kh V l mt thch

thc ln.".

Larry Graham, ch tch ca Hip hi bnh ko quc

gia Washington, i din ca nhm ngnh cngnghip ti bui ra mt ca khun kh ny.

ng cho bit "ngnh cng nghip ca chng ti l

hon ton cam kt gip nhiu hn gia nh nng

dn ca cao thng qua quan h i tc mi ny."

B Bin Ng l nc trng ca cao ln nht th gii.

Nhng t nc c phn chia trong mt na

k t khi b lt tht bi trong nm 2002 dn n

xung t v trang.

Mt cuc bu c tng thng b tr hon lu c

thit lp cho ch nht ny.

V l Bo co VOA Special English Nng

nghip, c vit bi Jerilyn Watson, vi Drew

Hinshaw bo co t Senegal. Ti l Bob Doughty

News3:

For Black Men in US, How a Haircut CouldMean a Longer Life

Tin tc 3:

n ng da en M, Lm th no mt

Haircut c th bnh mt cuc i di hn

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7/32

Dwight Woods has his blood pressure checked by

Meghan Welsh at Flotrin's Barber Shop in St. Louis

in this file photo

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

A neighborhood barbershop might seem to some

Americans like a thing of the past.

Today men often get their hair cut at the same salons

as women.

But the traditional barbershop still holds a special

place in black culture.

A barbershop is a place of trust where men can talk

about things they might not want women to hear.

This is why black-owned barbershops increasingly

offer more than just a haircut.

Men also receive health education and testing that

could save their life.

Right now a program called the Black Barbershop

Health Outreach Program is traveling to fifty cities

across the United States.

Dwight Woods c huyt p c kim tra bi

Meghan Welsh ti Barber Shop Flotrin St Louis

trong tp tin hnh nh ny

y l Bo co y t Anh VOA Special.

Mt tim ht tc khu vc ny c v nh mt s

ngi M nh l mt iu ca qu kh.

Ngy nay nam gii thng c ct tc ti tim

ging nh ph n.

Nhng cc tim ht tc truyn thng vn gi mt v

tr c bit trong vn ha en.

Mt tim ht tc l mt ni nim tin ni nhng

ngi n ng c th ni v nhng iu h c th

khng mun ph n nghe.

y l l do ti sao tc en nc ngy cng cung

cp nhiu hn ch l mt mi tc.Nhng ngi n ng cng c gio dc sc khe

v th nghim m c th cu cuc sng ca h.

Ngay by gi mt chng trnh c gi l

Chng trnh en Barbershop Y t Outreach ang

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8/32

A doctor started the program in California in two

thousand seven.

It tests men for diabetes, high blood pressure and

other conditions, and provides information about how

to stay healthy.

Black men are three times more likely than white

men in the United States to die from high blood

pressure, also known as hypertension..

They are also more likely to get diabetes.

A new study has examined the barbershop health-

care model in Dallas, Texas.

The study involved about one thousand three hundred

customers at seventeen black barbershops.

Researchers had the barbers at eight of the shops

continue to just give haircuts.

The other barbers learned how to measure bloodpressure and offered it with every haircut.

If a customer had a high blood pressure, the barber

would intervene.

The customer would be urged to see a doctor.

If the man did not have a doctor, then a visit to one

would be set up.

Customers who went to a doctor would get their next

haircut free of charge.

i du lch n nm mi thnh ph trn khp Hoa

K.

Mt bc s bt u chng trnh California trong

hai ngn by.

N kim tra nhng ngi n ng mc bnh tiu

ng, huyt p cao v cc iu kin khc, v cung

cp thng tin v cch gi gn sc khe.

n ng da en c nhiu kh nng hn ngi da

trng M cht v huyt p cao, cn c gi l

tng huyt p ba ln ..

H cng c nhiu kh nng mc bnh tiu ng.

Mt nghin cu mi kim tra cc m hnh chm

sc sc khe tim ht tc ti Dallas, Texas.

Nghin cu lin quan n khong Mt nghn ba

trm khch hng ti mi by tc en.

Cc nh nghin cu ct tc tm trong s cc

ca hng tip tc ch cho ct tc.

Cc th ct tc khc hc c cch o huyt p v

cung cp n vi tt c cc kiu tc.

Nu mt khch hng c huyt p cao, ngi th ct

tc s can thip.

Khch hng s c ku gi gp bc s.

Nu ngi n ng khng c mt bc s, sau

mt chuyn ving thm mt s c thit lp.

Khch hng i n mt bc s s c c kiu

tc tip theo ca h min ph.

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9/32

The study lasted ten months.

All of the men had their blood pressure taken at the

start.

They also received educational materials about

hypertension.

The study found that blood pressure rates decreased

at the shops where the barbers intervened and also at

those where they did not.

But the difference was in the amount.

Twenty percent of the men who were urged to see adoctor got their blood pressure down to a healthy

level.

So did only eleven percent of the men who just got

haircuts.

Researchers from the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in

Los Angeles did the study, reported in the Archivesof Internal Medicine.

Doctor Ronald Victor, the study leader, says barbers

historically were members of the medical profession.

So he thinks it makes a lot of sense for today's

barbers to act as "health care extenders" by

sharpening their skills.

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report,

written by Caty Weaver. You can comment on our

reports on our website, voaspecialenglish.com. Im

Steve Ember.

Nghin cu ko di mi thng.

Tt c nhng ngi n ng c huyt p ca h

thc hin vo lc bt u.

H cng nhn c ti liu gio dc v tng huyt

p.Nghin cu cho thy rng t l huyt p gim ti

ca hng, ni cc th ct tc can thip v cng ti

nhng ni m h lm khng.

Nhng s khc bit l trong s tin.

Hai mi phn trm nhng ngi c ku gi i

khm bc s c huyt p ca h gim xung mc

khe mnh.

V vy, ch mi mt phn trm ca nhng

ngi n ng ch c ct tc.

Cc nh nghin cu t Vin Tim Cedars-Sinai

Los Angeles nghin cu, bo co trong tp ch

Archives of Internal Medicine.

Bc s Ronald Victor, cc trng nhm nghin cu,

cho bit th ct tc trong lch s l thnh vin ca

ngnh y t.

V vy, ng cho rng n lm cho rt nhiu ngha

cho th ct tc ngy hm nay hot ng nh "b

m rng chm sc sc khe" bng cch mi k

nng ca h.V l Bo co y t Anh VOA Special, c vit

bi Caty Weaver. Bn c th nhn xt v cc bo

co ca chng ti trn trang web ca chng ti,

voaspecialenglish.com. Ti l Steve Ember.

News 4: Tin tc 4:

9


10/32

Inspections at Apple's Suppliers in China

This is the VOA Special English Technology

Report.

A labor group has begun investigating working

conditions at the Chinese factories where many

Apple products are made.Apple officials ordered the

investigation after the New York Times newspaper

described poor working conditions at the factories.

The Foxconn Technology Group owns the

manufacturing centers in Shenzhen, Chengdu and

Zhengzhou.

Angela Cornell is a professor at the Cornell Law

School in Ithaca, New York. She says many issues

were raised last year after a number of suicides at the

Foxconn factories.

One issue is the number of hours that employees are

required to work. Other concerns are pay, livingconditions and even reports of violence against

workers.

The New York Times reported that employees

sometimes worked seven days a week. The

newspaper said some stood so long that they had

Kim tra ti cc nh cung cp ca Apple ti

Trung Quc

y l Bo co Cng ngh Ting Anh VOA

Special.

Mt nhm lao ng bt u iu tra iu kin

lm vic ti cc nh my Trung Quc, ni c nhiu

sn phm ca Apple c cc quan chc

made.Apple ra lnh iu tra sau khi t bo New

York Times m t iu kin lm vic ti t ti cc

nh my.

Foxconn Technology Group s hu nhng trung

tm sn xut Thm Quyn, Thnh v Trnh

Chu.

Angela Cornell l mt gio s ti Trng Lut

Cornell Ithaca, New York. B cho bit nhiu vn

c a ra vo nm ngoi sau khi mt s

cc v t t ti nh my Foxconn.

Mt vn l s gi m nhn vin c yu cu

lm vic. Mi quan tm khc l, iu kin sng

lng v thm ch c bo co v bo lc i vingi lao ng.

The New York Times bo co rng cc nhn vin

i khi lm vic by ngy mt tun. T bo cho

bit mt s ng qu lu m h gp kh khn i b.

Ph phn rng ri ca Apple sau cng b bo co.10


11/32

News5:

Scientists, Engineers Help Elementary School

Teachers

This is the VOA Special English Education Report.

A program in the United States brings scientists andengineers into elementary schools to teach teachers

more about how to teach science.

DAVE WEISS: "Welcome to science class. So good

to see you guys today."

Dave Weiss is a retired engineer. One day each week

he volunteers at Georgian Forest Elementary Schoolin Silver Spring, Maryland, near Washington.

DAVE WEISS: "But the experiment we're going to

do, we want to keep all of our variables constant."

He works with teacher Fred Tenyke on science

projects for ten-year-olds.

DAVE WEISS: "Fred is so enthusiastic and he's so

much fun with the kids. I can see that he really loves

what he's doing. I get as much pleasure from helping

the teachers as I do helping the students."

Tin tc 5:

Cc nh khoa hc, k s gip gio vin Trng

tiu hc

y l Bo co Gio dc Ting Anh VOA Special.

Mt chng trnh M mang cc nh khoa hc v

cc k s trong cc trng tiu hc dy cho gio

vin thm v cch dy khoa hc.

DAVE Weiss: "Cho mng bn n lp hc khoa

hc V vy, tt xem cc bn ngy hm nay.".

Dave Weiss l mt k s v hu. Mt ngy mi

tun, ng tnh nguyn vin ti Gruzia Trng tiu

hc rng Silver Spring, Maryland, gn

Washington.

DAVE Weiss: "Tuy nhin, th nghim chng ti

ang i lm, chng ti mun gi li tt c cc bin

lin tc ca chng ti."

ng lm vic vi gio vin Fred Tenyke d n

khoa hc cho mi tui.DAVE Weiss: "Fred l rt nhit tnh v anh y rt

nhiu nim vui vi nhng a tr ti c th thy

rng ng thc s yu nhng g ng y ang lm ti

nhn c nhiu nim vui t vic gip cc gio

vin nh ti gip cc sinh vin..."

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12/32

Student Jada Lockwood she says enjoys Mr. Weiss'

visits to her classroom. She likes the drawings he

uses to explain scientific ideas.

JADA LOCKWOOD: "Mr. Weiss, like, he would goin the back and draw, like, these pictures and, like,

he helps us a lot."

The American Association for the Advancement of

Science sponsors the Senior Scientists and Engineers

program. Dave Weiss has been a volunteer in that

program for many years. The scientists and

engineers help teachers in elementary schools

improve their skills.

Mr. Weiss says he and the other volunteers help

teachers by providing hands-on expertise.

DAVE WEISS: "In this experiment, I think it might

be confusing to the kids that we're dealing with two

masses."

He notes that science is an area in which many

elementary school teachers have limited experience.

DAVE WEISS: "In elementary school, for the most

part, your regular classroom teacher is responsible

for teaching science, along with reading and math,

and if they don't have a strong science background,

just by nature, they're going to tend to

underrepresent science in the curriculum."

Fred Tenyke agrees. He just started teaching science

classes a few months ago.

Sinh vin Jada Lockwood, c ni thch thm ng

Weiss cho lp hc ca mnh. C thch v ng s

dng gii thch nhng tng khoa hc.

Jada LOCKWOOD: ". ng Weiss, nh th, ng s

i pha sau v v, thch, nhng hnh nh ny v,nh th, ng gip chng ti rt nhiu"

Hip hi M v s tin b ca khoa hc ti tr cho

cc nh khoa hc cp cao v chng trnh k s.

Dave Weiss c mt tnh nguyn vin trong

chng trnh trong nhiu nm. Cc nh khoa hc v

cc k s gip gio vin trong cc trng tiu hc

nng cao k nng ca h.

ng Weiss ni rng ng v cc tnh nguyn vin

khc gip gio vin bng cch cung cp thc

hnh chuyn mn.

DAVE Weiss: "Trong th nghim ny, ti ngh rng

n c th gy nhm ln cho nhng a tr m

chng ti ang lm vic vi hai qun chng."

ng lu rng khoa hc l mt lnh vc m nhiu

gio vin tiu hc c kinh nghim hn ch.

DAVE Weiss: " trng tiu hc, i vi hu ht

cc phn, gio vin lp hc bnh thng ca bn l

trch nhim ging dy khoa hc, cng vi mn c

v ton, v nu h khng c mt nn tng khoa hc

mnh, ch bng cch t nhin, h s c xu hngunderrepresent khoa hc trong chng trnh ging

dy. "

Fred Tenyke ng . ng ch mi bt u ging

dy cc lp hc khoa hc mt vi thng trc.

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13/32

FRED TENYKE: "A lot of time I'll spit out

information I learned in the book, or things that are

part of the curriculum. Dave helps me learn how to

supplement that information so that it's more

relevant to them, so that it will be more relevant to

their work experience later on in life."

American fifteen-year-olds scored about average in

science among countries that took part in testing by

the OECD in two thousand nine. The OECD is the

Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development.

Dave Weiss says he is concerned about such results,

but hopeful for the future for American students

learning science.

DAVE WEISS: "In elementary school I try to just

give them a solid foundation. I hope they'll develop a

curiosity about what's going on around them."

Fred Tenkye thinks volunteers like Dave Weiss are

helping students do that.

FRED TENYKE: "And if you can develop a passion

for science, then eventually the grades and the test

scores, then that will follow."

And that's the VOA Special English Education

Report. You can read and listen to this story and

watch a video version at voaspecialenglish.com.

You can also find us on Facebook, Twitter,

YouTube and iTunes at VOA Learning English. We

offer English teaching lessons three times a day,

Monday through Friday, on our Facebook page. I'm

FRED TENYKE:. "Rt nhiu thi gian ti s nh ra

thng tin m ti hc c trong cun sch, hoc

nhng iu m l mt phn ca chng trnh ging

dy Dave gip ti hiu lm th no b sung

thng tin n ph hp hn vi h, do , n s

thch hp hn vi kinh nghim lm vic ca h sau

ny trong cuc sng. "M mi lm tui ghi v trung bnh trong khoa hc

gia cc quc gia tham gia vo th nghim ca

OECD trong nm 2009. OECD l T chc Hp tc

v Pht trin Kinh t.

Dave Weiss ni, ng lo lng v kt qu nh vy,

nhng hy vng cho tng lai cho sinh vin M hc

tp khoa hc.

DAVE Weiss: " trng tiu hc, ti c gng ch

cn cung cp cho h mt nn tng vng chc ti hy

vng h s pht trin mt s t m v nhng g

ang xy ra xung quanh h.".

Fred Tenkye ngh tnh nguyn vin nh Dave

Weiss ang gip sinh vin lm iu .

FRED TENYKE: "V nu bn c th pht trin mt

nim am m khoa hc, sau cui cng cc lp

v cc im kim tra, sau s lm theo."

V l Bo co Gio dc Ting Anh VOA

Special. Bn c th c v lng nghe cu chuyn

ny v xem mt phin bn video tivoaspecialenglish.com. Bn cng c th tm thy

chng ti trn Facebook, Twitter, YouTube v

iTunes ti VOA Learning English. Chng ti cung

cp nhng bi hc ging dy ting Anh ba ln mt

ngy, t Th Hai n Th Su, trn trang Facebook

13


14/32

Christopher Cruise.ca chng ti. Ti Christopher Cruise.

News6:

Business English Speakers Can Still Be

Divided by a Common Language

English is a common language for business, but

communication is not just about language

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

Business is the most popular subject for international

students in the United States. At last count, twenty-

one percent of foreign students at American colleges

and universities were studying business and

management.

The Institute of International Education in New

York says engineering is the second most popular

field, in case you were wondering.

Tin tc 6:

Kinh doanh Loa Anh vn c th c chia bi

mt ngn ng chung

Ting Anh l mt ngn ng chung cho cc doanh

nghip, nhng giao tip khng ch l v ngn ng

y l Bo co Kinh t Anh VOA Special.

Kinh doanh l ch ph bin nht cho sinh vin

quc t ti Hoa K. Ti s mi nht, hai mi mt

phn trm sinh vin nc ngoi ti cc trng cao

ng v i hc M ang nghin cu kinh doanh v

qun l.

Vin Gio dc Quc t ti New York, cho bit k

thut l lnh vc ph bin th hai, trong trng hpbn ang t hi.

Thomas Cosse l mt gio s v tip th v kinh

doanh ti i hc Richmond Virginia. ng cho

bit sinh vin quc t mun hc kinh doanh cn

14


15/32

Thomas Coss is a professor of marketing and

business at the University of Richmond in

Virginia. He says international students who want to

study business need to have good English skills -

and not just to study at his school.

THOMAS COSS: "At least among business

schools, more and more worldwide are requiring that

their students take English, and they are teaching

more in English."

But the world has more non-native speakers of

English than native speakers. As a result, Americans

working with foreign companies may need to learn

some new English skills themselves.

At the University of Richmond, teams of graduate

students work with companies seeking to enter the

American market.The students learn about writing

market entry studies. The reports are written in

English. But Professor Coss tells his students to

consider who will read them.

THOMAS COSS: "My students have to write the

report in such a way that it can be understood by

someone who is an English speaker but not a native

English speaker."

For example, he tells his students to avoid jargon

and other specialized terms that people might notknow in their own language. This can be good

advice even when writing for other native speakers.

But effective communication involves more than just

words. Kay Westerfield is director of the

phi c k nng ting Anh tt - v khng ch hc

ti trng hc ca mnh.

Thomas Cosse: "t nht trong s cc trng kinh

doanh, v trn ton th gii c nhiu i hi m

hc sinh c ting Anh, v h ang ging dy hn

bng ting Anh."

Nhng th gii c hn khng bn a ni ting Anh

hn ngi bn ng. Kt qu l, ngi M lm vic

vi cc cng ty nc ngoi c th cn phi tm hiu

mt s k nng ting Anh mi ca h.

Ti i hc Richmond, cc i sinh vin tt nghip

lm vic vi cc cng ty tm cch thm nhp cc

sinh vin market.The M hc v cch vit nghin

cu gia nhp th trng. Cc bo co c vit

bng ting Anh. Nhng Gio s Cosse cho sinh

vin ca mnh xem xt ai s c chng.

Thomas Cosse: "Hc sinh ca ti phi vit bo co

trong mt cch m n c th c hiu bi mt

ngi mt ngi ni ting Anh nhng khng phi

l mt ngi ni ting Anh bn a."

V d, ng ni vi sinh vin ca mnh trnh

ting lng v cc chuyn ngnh khc m mi ngi

c th khng bit ngn ng ca h. iu ny c th

l li khuyn tt, ngay c khi vit cho ngi bn x

khc.

Nhng giao tip hiu qu lin quan n nhiu hnch l li ni. Kay Westerfield l gim c ca

chng trnh thng tin lin lc kinh doanh quc t

ti i hc Oregon.

Kay Westerfield: "Nu bn ch cn c nhn thc

15


16/32

international business communication program at the

University of Oregon.

KAY WESTERFIELD: "If you just have the

language awareness or the skills without culture, you

can easily be a fluent fool."

Cultural intelligence means the need to consider

local behaviors in everything from simple

handshakes to speaking to large groups.

Still, Kay Westerfield says the ability of local

workers to speak English is becoming more

important to companies looking to move operations

to other countries. Or, as she puts it, to "off-source."

KAY WESTERFIELD: "While cost remains a major

factor in decisions about where to off-source, the

quality of the labor pool is gaining importance, and

this includes English language skills."

Also, she says English skills often provide a

competitive edge for business students when they

seek jobs.

KAY WESTERFIELD: "As one business student in

West Africa put it, 'English is a lifeline.'"

And that's the VOA Special English Economics

Report, written by Mario Ritter. You can read and

listen to our programs and find activities for English

learners at voaspecialenglish.com. We're also on

Facebook, Twitter and YouTube at VOA Learning

English. Im Steve Ember.

ngn ng hoc k nng m khng c vn ha, bn

c th d dng l mt k ngc thng tho."

Tr thng minh vn ha c ngha l cn phi xem

xt hnh vi a phng trong tt c mi th t ci

bt tay n gin ni chuyn vi cc nhm ln.

Tuy nhin, Kay Westerfield cho bit kh nng cangi lao ng a phng ni ting Anh ngy

cng tr nn quan trng hn cho cc cng ty tm

kim di chuyn hot ng sang cc nc khc.

Hoc, nh c t n, "tt ngun."

Kay Westerfield: ". Trong khi chi ph vn cn l

mt yu t quan trng trong quyt nh v ni

tt ngun, cht lng ca lc lng lao ng l

c tm quan trng, v iu ny bao gm cc k

nng ngn ng ting Anh"

Ngoi ra, c cho bit cc k nng ting Anh thng

cung cp mt li th cnh tranh cho sinh vin kinh

doanh khi h tm kim vic lm.

Kay Westerfield: "L mt sinh vin kinh doanh

Ty Phi ni,". Ting Anh l mt cuc sng "

V l Bo co VOA Ting Anh Kinh t, do

Mario Ritter. Bn c th c v nghe cc chng

trnh ca chng ti v tm thy cc hot ng cho

ngi hc ting Anh ti voaspecialenglish.com.

Chng ti cng ang trn Facebook, Twitter v

YouTube ti VOA Learning English. Ti l SteveEmber.

16


17/32

News7:

PC Recycler Strikes Gold in Old Computer

Chips

This is the VOA Special English Technology Report.

Each year, Americans throw away millions of tons of

electronic devices.

That means business is good for a small electronics

recycler in Chantilly, Virginia

Company President Jeremy Faber established PCRecycler.

He spoke to us from the floor of his companys

processing center.

Workers were busy taking apart televisions, cell

phones and computers -- anything electronic.

Jeremy Faber says the flow of discarded electronics is

only increasing.

JEREMY FABER: Electronics recycling is the

fastest growing waste stream in the United States

Tin tc 7:

PC Recycler nh cng vng trong chip my

tnh C


Special.

Mi nm, ngi M vt b hng triu tn thit b

in t.

iu c ngha l kinh doanh tt cho mt ti ch

thit b in t nh Chantilly, Virginia

Ch tch cng ty Jeremy Faber thnh lp PC

Recycler.

ng ni chuyn vi chng ti t tng ca trung

tm x l ca cng ty.

Cng nhn ang bn rn tho TV, in thoi di

ng v my tnh - in t bt c iu g.

Jeremy Faber cho bit dng chy ca in t b loi

b ch ngy cng tng.

JEREMY FABER: "in t ti ch l dng cht

thi pht trin nhanh nht ti Hoa K ngay by

17


18/32

right now.

Recycling electronic waste is not a single job.

Newer devices can be rebuilt and resold.

. Breaking down electronics into small parts forrefiners to melt and purify is another part of the

business.

Operations Manager Andrew Portare says computer

circuit boards are rich resources.

ANDREW PORTARE: Boards have the highest

scrap value in them so you can actually see on theback youre looking at different types of metals. This

one is a really good example. Some of the older ones

are mainly all gold.

Gold now sells for more than one thousand three

hundred dollars an ounce.

Twenty-five percent of PC Recyclers sales comefrom selling parts to refiners.

Refining companies pay more than ten dollars a

kilogram for computer boards.

PC Recycler can also lift profits by holding metal-

rich parts until prices rise.

ANDREW PORTARE: If coppers up one day, we

can ship all of our copper extract and capitalize on

the market.

Computers also hold private or secret information.

gi."

Ti ch rc thi in t khng phi l mt cng vic

duy nht.

Cc thit b mi hn c th c xy dng li v

bn li.

. Ph v in t thnh cc phn nh cho nh my

lc du lm tan chy v lm sch l mt phnca doanh nghip.

Hot ng qun l Andrew Portare cho bit bng

mch my tnh l ngun ti nguyn phong ph.

ANDREW PORTARE: "Ban c gi tr ph liu cao

nht trong h, do bn c th nhn thy mt sau

bn ang tm kim loi khc nhau ca kim loi.

iu ny l mt v d thc s tt. Mt s nhng

ngi ln tui ch yu l tt c vng. "

Vng hin nay c bn vi gi hn mt ngn ba

trm la mt ounce.

Hai mi lm phn trm ca doanh s PC Recycler

n t bn cc b phn cho nh my lc du.

Cng ty tinh ch tr hn mi la mt kg cho

my tnh bng.

PC Recycler cng c th nng li nhun bng cch

gi phn giu kim loi cho n khi gi c tng ln.

ANDREW PORTARE: "Nu ng l dy mt

ngy, chng ti c th gi tt c cc ng ca

chng ti trch xut v u t vo th trng."

My vi tnh cng gi thng tin c nhn hoc b mt.

18


19/32

And securing that data is the fastest growing part of

PC Recycler's business.

Completely removing data from a computer hard

drive is not easy.

PC Recycler can remove data magnetically orcompletely destroy and recycle the drives.

Discarding waste in a way that meets government

environmental protection rules is also important.

Old TVs can contain over a kilogram of lead as well

as cadmium -- both highly poisonous.

PC Recycler supports the Basel Action Network,

which seeks to limit harmful waste and technology.

The company says it does not export electronics to

China, India or Africa where environmental rules are

weak.

Jeremy Faber says PC Recycler has been in businesssince two thousand three, expanding from waste

management to other, more technical services.

JEREMY FABER: There really isnt a lot of

industries out there that are like this.

Theres either the scrap industry where theyre

shredding cars and shredding tires and theres the

refurbished PC market and were sort of sit right in

between both of those.

And thats the VOA Special English Technology

Report. Go to voaspecialenglish.com and click on the

V m bo d liu l mt phn pht trin nhanh

nht ca kinh doanh PC Recycler ca.

Loi b hon ton d liu t mt cng my tnh

l khng d dng.

PC Recycler c th loi b d liu t tnh hoc phhy hon ton v ti ch cc a.

Loi b cht thi mt cch p ng cc quy nh

bo v mi trng ca chnh ph cng rt quan

trng.

TV c c th cha hn mt kg ch cng nh

cadmium - c hai c c cao.

PC Recycler h tr Mng li Hnh ng Basel,

m tm cch hn ch cht thi v cng ngh c hi.

Cng ty cho bit n khng xut khu in t Trung

Quc, n hay chu Phi, ni quy tc mi trng

l yu.

Jeremy Faber ni PC Recycler c trong kinh

doanh t hai ngn ba, m rng t qun l cht thi

cho cc dch v khc, k thut hn.

JEREMY FABER: "C thc s khng phi l rt

nhiu ngnh cng nghip ra c c nh th ny.

C mt trong hai ngnh cng nghip ph liu, ni

h ang xe bm nh v lp xe bm nh v c thtrng my tnh tn trang li v chng ti ang sp

xp ngi bn phi gia c hai. "

V l Bo co Cng ngh Ting Anh VOA

Special. Ti voaspecialenglish.com v click vo lp

19


20/32

Classroom to explore our new English teaching

activities. Im Mario Ritte

hc khm ph cc hot ng ging dy ting

Anh mi ca chng ti. Ti Mario Ritte

News8:

Teaching Children How to Think

Internationally

A teacher works with a student at the British School

of Chicago

This is the VOA Special English Education Report.

The International Primary Curriculum is an idea that

began in Britain eight years ago. Today this

curriculum is taught in more than one thousand

primary schools in fifty-eight countries, including

the United States.

Educator Martin Skelton co-wrote the International

Primary Curriculum, or IPC. He says for children to

learn and succeed, they need a program that permits

them to learn individually.

MARTIN SKELTON: Our view is the teachers

should be thinking about their kids in their class and

why they are not learning and trying to work out

what they are going to be doing tomorrow to help

individual kids learn much better.

Tin tc 8:

Ging dy tr em Lm th no suy ngh

quc t

Mt gio vin lm vic vi mt sinh vin ti trngAnh ca Chicago

y l Bo co Gio dc Ting Anh VOA Special.

Chng trnh ging dy tiu hc quc t l mt

tng bt u Anh cch y tm nm. Hm nay

chng trnh ny c ging dy trong hn mt

nghn trng tiu hc trong nm mi tm quc

gia, k c Hoa K.

Gio dc Martin Skelton ng tc gi ca chng

trnh ging dy tiu hc quc t, hoc IPC. ng ni

rng cho tr em tm hiu v thnh cng, h cn

mt chng trnh cho php h tm hiu c nhn.

MARTIN Skelton: "Quan im ca chng ti l

gio vin nn suy ngh v nhng a tr ca h

trong lp hc ca h v l do ti sao h khng c

hc tp v c gng tm ra nhng g h ang c c

lm vo ngy mai gip tr em ngi hc tt

hn nhiu".

ng cho bit tng ny vi cc chng trnh20


21/32

He says the idea with the curriculum is to help

today's children become good citizens of the world

and twenty-first century leaders.

MARTIN SKELTON: Most world problems are

going to be solved internationally now. I mean no

single country is going to solve the environment or

terrorism. It's a multi-cooperational activity.

Mr. Skelton says the curriculum has activities built

around the development of "international

mindedness" starting from the age of five.

MARTIN SKELTON: We encourage the kids to

make links with schools in other countries, and then

of course things like Skype now make that

fantastically easy to do.

The British American School of Los Angeles is one

of a few American private schools that teach the

International Primary Curriculum. Second grade

teacher Alison Kerr says the main goal is to engage

children in the learning process. This term, for

example, her class is learning about people

important in history.

ALLISON KERR: I got the children to come in

secret and dress up with several clues of a famous

person. They had to research and bring us ten written

clues and the rest of the class had to guess who thesesignificant people were. So the children do not

simply just do the same worksheet type of format

every single time.

The British School in Boston held a fair for students

ging dy l gip tr em ngy nay tr thnh cng

dn tt ca th gii v cc nh lnh o th k hai

mi mt.

MARTIN Skelton: "Hu ht cc vn th gii s

c gii quyt quc t hin nay. Ti c ngha l

khng mt quc gia n l l s gii quyt mi

trng hay khng b. l mt hot ng acooperational ".

ng Skelton ni rng chng trnh c cc hot

ng xy dng xung quanh s pht trin ca "ci

quc t" bt u t nm tui.

MARTIN Skelton: "Chng ti khuyn khch cc tr

em to lin kt vi cc trng hc cc nc

khc, v sau tt nhin nhng th nh Skype hin

nay lm cho iu tht qu d lm".

Trng British American ca Los Angeles l mt

trong s t cc trng t thc M dy chng trnh

ging dy tiu hc quc t. Th hai lp gio vin

Alison Kerr ni mc ch chnh l cc em tham

gia trong qu trnh hc tp. Hn ny, v d, lp hc

ca mnh l tm hiu v nhng ngi quan trng

trong lch s.

ALLISON Kerr: "Ti nhn cc tr em phi vo

b mt v n mc vi mt s u mi ca mt

ngi ni ting. H phi nghin cu v a

chng ta mi u mi bng vn bn v phn cn

li ca lp phi on nhng ngi ny nhiu ngha ny. V vy, tr em khng ch n gin l ch

cn lm cc loi bng cng mt nh dng mi ln

duy nht ".

Trng Anh Boston t chc mt hi ch dnh

cho hc sinh v cha m c gi l vng quanh th

21


22/32

and parents called Around the World in a

Day. Emma Northey, head of primary learning at the

school, says fifty-one nationalities were

represented. She described one activity designed to

teach about similarities between different cultures.

EMMA NORTHEY: "The children were each given

a passport. They basically knew that they were going

around the world in a day and we said to them: You

have to come back with two similarities that you had

seen between the different culturesEven the three-

year-olds came back to me saying: Gosh, you know

everybody writes. Some people write going down.

Some people write from left to right, some fromright to left.

Another educator, Kate Foy of the British School in

Washington, says the teacher's role is to enable

students to discover for themselves.

KATE FOY: And you kind of have to sit back a

little bit. You have to make sure youre asking theright questions. You maneuver yourself around the

classroom and enable the children to learn as

opposed to telling them.

And that's the VOA Special English Education

Report. Tell us if you have experience with the

International Primary Curriculum and what you

think of it. Share your comments at

voaspecialenglish.com or on Facebook and Twitter

at VOA Learning English. You can also find

captioned videos of our reports at the VOA Learning

English channel on YouTube. I'm Steve Ember.

gii trong mt ngy. Emma Northey, ngi ng

u hc tiu hc ti trng, cho bit nm mi mt

quc gia c i din. C m t mt hot ng

c thit k dy v s tng ng gia cc nn

vn ha khc nhau.

EMMA Northey: "Cc em cng c tng mt h

chiu khi h bit rng h i khp ni trn thgii trong mt ngy v chng ti ni vi h:." Bn

phi tr li vi hai ging nhau m bn nhn thy

gia cc nn vn ha khc nhau "Ngay c ba tui

tr li vi ti rng: ". i tri, bn bit tt c mi

ngi vit Mt s ngi vit i xung Mt s

ngi vit t tri sang phi, mt s t phi sang

tri.".

Mt nh gio dc, Kate Foy ca Trng Anh

Washington, cho bit vai tr ca gio vin l gip

sinh vin t mnh khm ph.

Kate FOY: "V bn loi phi ngi li mt cht. Bn

phi chc chn rng bn ang t cu hi ng.

Bn c ng cho mnh xung quanh lp hc v cho

php cc tr em hc ch khng phi ni vi h

".

V l Bo co Gio dc Ting Anh VOA

Special. Hy cho chng ti nu bn c kinh nghim

vi cc chng trnh ging dy tiu hc quc t v

nhng g bn ngh v n. Chia s kin ca bn ti

voaspecialenglish.com hoc trn Facebook vTwitter ti VOA Learning English. Bn cng c th

tm thy video ch thch cc bo co ca chng ti

ti Hc knh ting Anh VOA trn YouTube. Ti l

Steve Ember.

22


23/32

News9:

Seeking Cleaner and Greener Electronics

This is the VOA Special English Technology

Report.

Technology experts, government officials, policy

makers and engineers are meeting this week in

Italy. They have gathered in Rome for the first

Green Standards Week conference.

Italys Ministry of Economic Development and the

International Telecommunications Union organized

the conference. The event calls attention to the needfor information and communication technologies to

fight climate change and to build greener, more

environmentally friendly economies.

In recent years, the world has changed because so

many people now use computers, mobile phones and

other kinds of electronic devices. But the increasing

use of information and communication technologies,also known as ICTs, also has led to more pollution,

especially greenhouse gas emissions. This is mostly

because of the energy used to manufacture, transport

and operate such equipment. Still, many experts say

ICTs offer the best chance for reducing greenhouse

Tin tc 9:

Tm kim in t bi v xanh hn


Special.

Chuyn gia cng ngh, cc quan chc chnh ph,cc nh hoch nh chnh sch v cc k s ang

hp trong tun ny ti . H tp hp ti Rome

cho Green tiu chun hi ngh tun u tin.

ca B Pht trin Kinh t v Lin minh Vin

thng Quc t t chc hi ngh. Cc s kin ku

gi s ch n nhu cu cng ngh thng tin v

truyn thng chng li bin i kh hu v xy

dng xanh, thn thin mi trng hn cc nn kinh

t.

Trong nhng nm gn y, th gii thay i v

rt nhiu ngi hin ang s dng my tnh, in

thoi di ng v cc loi thit b in t. Nhng

vic s dng ngy cng tng ca cng ngh thng

tin v truyn thng, cn c gi l cng ngh

thng tin, cng dn n nhim mi trng

hn, c bit l pht thi kh nh knh. iu ny

ch yu l do nng lng c s dng sn xut,

vn chuyn v vn hnh thit b nh vy. Tuy23


24/32

gases.

The Global Information Society Watch reported last

year that ICTs could help to cut total production of

greenhouse gases by as much as fifteen percent by

twenty twenty.

Alan Finlay is with the Association for Progressive

Communications. He also helped to prepare the

GISWatch report. He says the effect of using ICTs to

build cleaner environments is far more powerful than

their harmful effects.

ALAN FINLAY: When youre look at greening

with ITs, youre looking at the impact of ICTs on the

environment but also what ICTs can be used in order

to improve the impact of other industries on the

environment. And I think the overwhelming

consensus is that you cant throw the baby out with

the bath water. And ICTs can do more good in a sort

of macro context.

Mr. Finlay says the GISWatch report and events like

the ITUs Green Standards Week are meant to look

at the ICT industry as a whole.

ALAN FINLAY: To our mind you cant really

divorce issues like e-waste --- which you see the

massive negative consequences in Asia for instance,

and direct impact on poor peoples lives and well

being --- from the equation. So, both need to be

looked at the same time.

The ITU says a main goal of the conference is to set

nhin, nhiu chuyn gia cho rng cng ngh thng

tin cung cp c hi tt nht gim kh nh knh.

Watch X hi thng tin ton cu bo co rng

cng ngh thng tin c th gip ct gim tng sn

lng kh nh knh nhiu nh mi lm phn trm

hai mi hai mi.Alan Finlay l vi Hip hi Truyn thng tin b.

ng cng gip chun b cc bo co GISWatch.

ng cho bit hiu qu ca vic s dng cng ngh

thng tin xy dng mi trng sch hn l mnh

hn tc ng c hi ca h.

ALAN Finlay: "Khi bn nhn vo xanh vi n, bn

ang tm kim cc tc ng ca cng ngh thng

tin trn mi trng nhng cng l nhng g cng

ngh thng tin c th c s dng ci thin tc

ng ca cc ngnh cng nghip khc trn mi

trng. V ti ngh rng s ng thun p o l

bn khng th nm em b ra vi nc tm. V cng

ngh thng tin c th lm tt hn trong mt loi bi

cnh v m. "

ng Finlay cho bit bo co GISWatch v cc s

kin nh Tun tiu chun xanh ca ITU c ngha l

nhn vo ngnh cng nghip cng ngh thng tin

ni chung.

ALAN Finlay: "i vi chng ti, bn c th

khng thc s vn ly hn nh cht thi in t

--- m bn nhn thy nhng hu qu tiu cc ln chu chng hn, v tc ng trc tip n cuc

sng ca ngi ngho v phc li --- t phng

trnh. V vy, c hai cn phi c xem xt cng

mt lc.

ITU cho bit mc tiu chnh ca hi ngh l thit

24


25/32

clear policies for measuring and improving the ICT

industrys effect on the environment. Another goal is

to note the importance of green ICT standards and

values.

The Rome meeting is taking place less than three

months before the United Nations Climate Change

Conference opens in Durban, South Africa.

And that's the VOA Special English Technology

Report, written by June Simms. Transcripts, MP3s

and of our reports are at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm

Steve Ember.

lp chnh sch r rng o lng v nng cao

hiu qu ngnh cng nghip cng ngh thng tin v

mi trng. Mc tiu khc cn lu tm quan

trng ca tiu chun xanh ICT v gi tr.

Hi ngh Rome ang din ra t hn ba thng trc

khi Hi ngh bin i kh hu ca Lin hp quc

m ra ti Durban, Nam Phi.V l Bo co Cng ngh Ting Anh VOA c

bit, c vit vo thng Su Simms. Bng im,

MP3 v cc bo co ca chng ti ti

voaspecialenglish.com. Ti l Steve Ember.

News10:

Steve Jobs Steps Down with Apple on Top


The chief executive who presented the latest, and

coolest, electronics to the world has stepped

down. Steve Jobs announced his resignation as head

of Apple in a letter last week.

He wrote: I have always said if there ever came a

day when I could no longer meet my duties and

expectations as Apples CEO, I would be the first to

let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come.

Tin tc 10

Steve Jobs bc xung vi Apple trn Ln trn


Gim c iu hnh ngi trnh by mi nht v

tuyt vi nht, thit b in t th gii bc

xung. Steve Jobs tuyn b t chc ca mnh nh

l ngi ng u ca Apple trong mt bc th

tun trc.

ng vit: "Ti lun lun ni rng nu c bao gi

n mt ngy khi ti khng cn c th p ng

nhim v v mong i ca ti nh Gim c iu

hnh ca Apple, ti s l ngi u tin cho bn

25


26/32

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak started Apple

Computer in nineteen seventy-six. The company

sold a new kind of electronic device: the personal

computer. Apple Computer grew more quickly than

anyone could have imagined.

In nineteen eighty-five, however, Steve Jobs

resigned after disputes with managers who had been

brought in to direct business operations. He soon

started his own software company, NeXT, and

bought a computer animation studio. The Pixar

movie studio would go on to create movies like Toy

Story and Finding Nemo. They are two of the most

successful animated films ever made.

Apple struggled during the nineteen nineties. Many

products failed. The company began losing money

and its stock price sank. In nineteen ninety-seven,

Apple bought NeXT and brought back Steve Jobs.

Apple used software developed at NeXT to create

the Mac OS computer operating system. The nextyear, Apple became profitable. And a series of

highly successful products followed. In two

thousand one, Apple released the iPod, a digital

music player. The iPhone arrived in two thousand

seven.

Apple has also been a leader in online

marketing. The iTunes Music Store sells songs for

download. The App Store sells applications for

computers and mobile devices.

As Steve Jobs has noted, trial and error has always

been part of the Apple model.STEVE JOBS: "We

bit. Tht khng may, ngy ti. "

Steve Jobs v Steve Wozniak bt u Apple trong

nm 1976. Cng ty bn mt loi mi ca thit b

in t: my tnh c nhn. Apple tng nhanh hn

so vi bt c ai c th tng tng.

Trong nm 1985, tuy nhin, Steve Jobs t chcsau khi tranh chp vi nhng ngi qun l

c a vo hot ng kinh doanh trc tip. ng

sm bt u cng ty phn mm ring ca mnh,

NeXT, v mua mt xng phim hot hnh my

tnh. Hng phim Pixar s tip tc to ra nhng b

phim nh Toy Story v Finding Nemo. H l hai

trong s nhng b phim hot hnh thnh cng nht

t trc n nay.

To vt ln trong nhng nm chn mi mi chn.

Nhiu sn phm tht bi. Cng ty bt u mt tin

v gi c phiu ca n b chm. Trong nm 1997,

Apple mua li NeXT v mang v Steve Jobs.

Apple s dng phn mm NeXT pht trin

to ra cc h iu hnh Mac OS my tnh. Cc nm

tip theo, Apple tr thnh li nhun. V mt lot

cc sn phm rt thnh cng sau . Trong nm

2001, Apple ra mt iPod, my nghe nhc k thut

s. IPhone n 2007.

Apple cng c mt nh lnh o trong tip th

trc tuyn. ITunes Music Store bn bi ht tiv. App Store bn cc ng dng cho my tnh v

thit b di ng.

Nh Steve Jobs lu , dng th v li lun lun

l mt phn ca Apple model.STEVE JOBS:

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just try to build products we think are really

wonderful and that people might want. And,

sometimes we are right and sometimes we are

wrong."

Steve Jobs is closely linked with the success of

Apple. Investors were scared when he announced he

had an operation for pancreatic cancer in two

thousand four.

His decision to leave comes as Apple continues to

release winning products. Apple sold over four and a

half million iPads in the first three months of this

year. The company holds the largest share of the

growing tablet computer market.

On August ninth, Apple first passed Exxon Mobil

Corporation to become the most valuable publicly

traded company in the world. Since then the two

companies have traded the lead.

And that's the VOA Special English Economics

Report. I'm Mario Ritter.

"Chng ti ch c gng xy dng cc sn phm

chng ti ngh l thc s tuyt vi v mi ngi c

th mun V, i khi chng ti ng v i khi

chng ti l sai. ".

Steve Jobs c lin kt cht ch vi s thnh cng

ca Apple. Nh u t s hi khi ng tuyn b ng c mt hot ng cho bnh ung th tuyn ty

vo nm 2004.

Quyt nh ri n nh Apple tip tc pht hnh

sn phm ot gii. Apple bn c hn bn v

mt na triu iPad trong ba thng u nm nay.

Cng ty nm gi c phn ln nht ca th trng

my tnh bng ang pht trin.

Ngy th chn, Apple ln u tin thng qua Tng

cng ty Exxon Mobil tr thnh cng ty thng

mi c gi tr nht trn th gii. K t , hai cng

ty giao dch dn trc.

V l Bo co Kinh t Anh VOA Special. Ti

Mario Ritter.

News11:

G-20 Leaders Promise Steps to Avoid

Currency War

Tin tc 11

G-20 Ban Qun Tr Ha bc trnh chin

tranh t

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President Obama is welcomed to a G-20 dinner in

Seoul on Thursday

This is IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.

Leaders of the world's twenty largest economies met

this week in Seoul, South Korea. They agreed to try

to let market forces drive currency exchange

rates. Their declaration Friday also promised to

avoid competitive devaluation of currencies.

A weaker currency lowers the price of a country's

exports. That angers other exporters with stronger

currencies, and it can lead to so-called currency

wars.

Leaders from the Group of 20 urged "advanced

economies" to guard against disorderly movements

in exchange rates. At the same time, they rejected

the idea of setting target amounts for national trade

balances.

The United States and South Korea supported the

idea. Others, including China, Germany and Japan,

opposed it.

Instead, the leaders said they will order their finance

ministers to develop a set of "indicative guidelines"

Tng thng Obama c hoan nghnh G-20 ba n

ti ti Seoul vo th nm

y l TRONG TIN TC trong VOA Special

English.

Cc nh lnh o ca hai mi nn kinh t ln nhtth gii gp trong tun ny Seoul, Hn Quc.

Hai bn nht tr c gng cho cc lc lng th

trng t gi hi oi. Tuyn b th su ca h

cng ha s trnh cnh tranh ph gi tin t.

Mt ng tin yu lm gim gi xut khu ca mt

quc gia. M gin cc nh xut khu khc vi cc

ng tin mnh hn, v n c th dn n ci gi l

cuc chin tranh tin t.

Lnh o cc tp on ca 20 ku gi "cc nn kinh

t tin tin" bo v chng li chuyn ng gy

mt trt t trong t gi hi oi. ng thi, h bc

b tng thit lp s lng mc tiu cho cn cn

thng mi quc gia.

Hoa K v Hn Quc ng h tng. Nhng

ngi khc, bao gm c Trung Quc, c v Nht

Bn, chng i.

Thay vo , cc nh lnh o cho bit h s t

hng b trng ti chnh ca h pht trin mttp hp cc "hng dn ch" u year.These tip

theo s o lng thng mi v cn i kinh t,

bo hiu khi thm ht hay thng d ang tr nn

qu ln.

Tng thng Obama lu rng cc nh lnh o G-

28


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30/32

little while because as long as we have this very

unbalanced global recovery we are going to get

periodic tensions in policy setting."

After two days in Seoul, President Obama arrived in

Japan. Leaders of APEC, the Asia-Pacific Economic

Cooperation group, are meeting Saturday and

Sunday in Yokohama.

The United States is leading the effort for a Trans-

Pacific Partnership. This would cut import taxes for

nine countries, including Japan. But Japanese

farmers are fiercely opposed.

Last week, the United States central bank announced

a plan to pump more money into the economy to

support growth.Some Asian leaders and economists

say the plan by the Federal Reserve could send a

flood of dollars into Asia. They say prices could rise

quickly and form "bubbles," whose collapse could

cause another financial crisis.

Japan is the last stop on President Obama's ten-day

trip to Asia. In India, he became the first American

president to openly support a permanent seat for that

country on the United Nations Security Council.

He also visited Indonesia, where he spent four years

as a boy.

And that's IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.

I'm Steve Ember.

Nht Bn. Lnh o APEC, nhm Hp tc Kinh t

Chu -Thi Bnh Dng, ang gp By v Ch

Nht ti Yokohama.

M ang dn u cc n lc cho mt i tc xuyn

Thi Bnh Dng. iu ny s ct gim thu nhp

khu i vi chn quc gia, bao gm c Nht Bn.

Nhng nng dn Nht Bn ang phn i kch lit.

Tun trc, ngn hng trung ng Hoa K cng

b mt k hoch bm thm tin vo nn kinh t

h tr cc nh lnh o growth.Some chu v

kinh t cho rng k hoch ca Cc D tr Lin

bang c th gi mt trn lt la vo Chu . H

cho rng, gi c th tng ln mt cch nhanh chng

v hnh thnh "bong bng", m s sp c th

gy ra mt cuc khng hong ti chnh.

Nht Bn l chng dng chn cui cng trong

chuyn i mi ngy ca Tng thng Obama n

chu . Ti n , ng tr thnh tng thng M

u tin cng khai ng h mt gh thng trc cho

t nc m Hi ng Bo an Lin Hp Quc.

ng cng n thm Indonesia, ni ng tri

qua bn nm nh mt cu b.

V l TRONG TIN TC trong VOA Special

English. Ti l Steve Ember.

News12: Tin tc 12

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2010 Marked by Debt Problems in Europe

and Growth in the Developing World

Riot police in Athens clash with protestors opposing

severe cuts in government spending earlier in

December


Here are some of the top economic stories of two

thousand ten. The world continued to struggle with a

slow recovery from the financial crisis two years

earlier. Greece admitted to bigger-than-expected

budget deficits. Investors punished Greece with

much higher borrowing costs. The sixteen countries

that use the euro joined the International Monetary

Fund in offering loans of about one hundred forty

billion dollars in May.

But, Greece had to agree to deeply cut government

spending. Some demonstrations against the measures

turned violent.

And debt problems extended beyond Greece. Ireland

asked euro-area members and the IMF for help last

month. Its rescue was even bigger, considering the

size of the Irish economy.

2010 nh du bi vn n chu u v

tng trng cc nc ang pht trin

Cnh st chng bo ng trong cuc ng vi

ngi biu tnh phn i Athens ct gim nghim

trng trong chi tiu chnh ph trc trong thng

mi hai


Di y l mt s trong nhng cu chuyn kinh t

hng u ca nm 2010. Th gii vn tip tc u

tranh vi s hi phc chm chp t cuc khng

hong ti chnh hai nm trc . Hy Lp tha

nhn thm ht ngn sch ln hn so vi d kin.

Cc nh u t b trng pht Hy Lp vi chi ph i

vay cao hn nhiu. Mi su nc s dng ng

euro tham gia Qu Tin t Quc t trong vic cung

cp cc khon vay khong 140.000.000.000 la

trong thng Nm.

Nhng, Hy Lp ng ct gim su chi tiu

chnh ph. Mt s cuc biu tnh chng li cc binphp bin thnh bo lc.

V vn n Hy Lp m rng hn. Ai-len ngh cc

thnh vin khu vc ng euro v IMF gip

thng trc. Cu h ca n thm ch cn ln hn,

xem xt kch thc ca nn kinh t Ailen.31


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