English Styles in 17th & 18th Century

BAROQUE• William & Mary

– 1680s – 1700

• Queen Anne– 1700 – 1730s

ROCOCO• George I – IV

– 1730s – 1820s

• Corresponds to American Colonial

ENGLISH GEORGIAN

Queen Anne Style(English version of Baroque)

Georgian c. 1700-30

Queen Anne Chair, c.1700-

30, walnut

cupid’s bowcupid’s bow

obvious obvious division division between between leg & seatleg & seat

•walnut made it difficult to carve details

•sometimes called the parrot chair

•English generally leave back legs square—Marlboro leg

Mechanical Wingback

c.1700-30

•Baroque features with Georgian features—hodge podge

•put in front of fireplace to hold heat in

•Fringe distinctly English

Highboy

c. 1700-30, walnut

swan neck finial

cabriole leg—English make them short and squat

escutcheons

English late Baroque Chest,

c. 1700-30

•moving to neo-classical though still big and heavy•classical details--lions head, arch, greek key motifs•shells more baroque & rococo

Georgian

1650 - 1770

•no more Tudors or Stuarts

•House of Hanover from Germany—distant cousins

•George I - IV

Hanoverian Dynasty

The Whig Party

• George I not interested in Arts• Whigs become influential in

defining “good taste”• power and prestige of upper class

based on:– ownership of land– construction of country houses as

evidence of wealth

English Georgian Country House

(nobles have a city home and a retreat)

PURPOSE or FUNCTION• retreat for nobility• keep government officials near

London• recreational lodging• used for persuasion—“help” you

change your views on political items

Coleshill(country home)

Berkshire, England, architect Sir Roger Pratt,

1650s

Cupola Longleat Hall/Italian

Renaissance

Balustrade

Italian renaissance

Hipped Roofdistinctly English

• battle between vertical & horizontal• 3 floors shown with string courses—basement service

story• quoining

Dormer Windows

(French)

encouragement of social mingling (partly because party

home) caused a new flow between rooms

Double Pile House

• two rooms deep• central corridor meant for

servants• enfilade public• Hall—most ornamented and

expensive room in the space• parlor, antechamber & chamber

sequence nonexistent in England

Communal Planning

interior characteristics

modeled figuresclassical ordersdelicate motifs

asymmetryundulating linenatural forms

exterior details

The Hall

mish-mash of everything—

distinctly English

The Parlour—scale?one base color for wall—everything else is white

all about architectural detailing

Late Georgian

broken scroll pediment

central cartouche or coat of arms

attenuated caryatids

classical order

very sculptural

The Gentleman's and Cabinet-Maker’s Director

(English version of Rococo)

Thomas Chippendale, London, 1754

•first book to deal with furniture relative to interiors•starts to do interior decoration as well•eventually grew to 120 people working for him

Modern Chairs or In the French Style, 1754like French Rococo

Gothic / Classical Chairs, 1754

gothic revivalgothic revival classical revivalclassical revival

seems to be a frieze with

triglyphs/ metopes

Chinese Chippendale Chairs, 1754

lattice backslattice backs

romanticism

Ribbon-back Chair, 1754rococo motif

Pie Crust Pie Crust Side Side TableTable

•need more surfaces/table tops for tea drinking

•squatty leg

•claw and ball foot—Chinese inspiration—dragon claw holding a pearl

Rococo inspired ornamentation

lighter, more delicate, cabriole leg, female figure

INFLUENCES

• travel – return with souvenirs

• Grand Tour (finish training of architects)

– admiration of landscape painting• beginning of study of history of

architecture• romanticism—transporting yourself

to a different place & time

Claydon House

Luke Lightfoot

1750s

•all done in plaster

•references Chinese architecture

•using Asian people

•bells become popular

ChinoiserieChinoiserie

close up of plaster work—looks almost as if it is dripping

detail of a niche—dragons &

herons

Chippendale bed became popular

showed wealth, education, and that

you were well traveled

gildedgilded

bamboobamboo

lattice lattice workwork

J. M. W. Turner, The Passage of the St. Gothard (1804).

Watercolor.

Edmund Burke

Treatise on the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the

Beautiful

1753

“Pleasurable fear”

•picturesque•fascinated by storms & shadows•huge impact on landscape design

Chiswick

near London, (Neo-Palladian villa) by Lord Burlington,

1720s•gardens are classic English Baroque—very romantic ideal•small Roman temple, English cottage, Sphinx, Pagoda—never encounter more than one at a time

Chiswick Chiswick HouseHouse

renewed interest in

Palladio and his works

exterior is classical

(Villa (Villa Rotunda)Rotunda)

Green Velvet Room

Red Velvet Room

Blue Velvet Room

Gallery

Saloon

interior is picturesque

room shapes change

picturesque interiors—color scheme changes dramatically

more Baroque

Gallery

delicate, cream and gold color palette—

more Rococo

new version of Long Gallery—still linear

but taking you through different

shaped rooms

compartmentalized ceiling

so little of the Long Gallery walls used for pictures now

Strawberry Hill

Gothic Revival Villa, Twickenham, England, by Horace Walpole, et. al.,

1750-70s

(based on their own ruins)

Strawberry Hill (Gothic Revival Villa), Twickenham, England, by Horace Walpole, et. al., 1750-70s

straddles movement into Neo-classicism

Gothic design details?

picturesque planning

rooms are all different shapes

circulation is unclear

Sitting Room

Gothic inspired fan vaulting

Great CloisterGeorgian coloration—color on white; Rococo tone on tone

pattern on wall; Gothic Revival detailing