English Revolution and English Revolution and Civil WarCivil War

James I of EnglandJames I of England • Scottish Scottish Catholic Catholic who who

believed in the “believed in the “Divine Divine RightRight” to rule as he ” to rule as he pleased.pleased.

• James I told Parliament:James I told Parliament:““The state of The state of

monarchy is the monarchy is the supremestsupremest thing upon earth; for kings thing upon earth; for kings are not only are not only God’sGod’s lieutenants upon earth and lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God’s throne, but sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself, they even by God himself, they are called gods.”are called gods.”

Causes of the English Civil WarCauses of the English Civil War

• CharlesCharles II became King in became King in 16251625

• He spent lots of moneyHe spent lots of money

• Believed in Believed in divine rightdivine right

• Forced Forced landownerslandowners to loan to loan him moneyhim money

• Established Established martial martial law in law in much of England much of England

Charles I vs. ParliamentCharles I vs. Parliament

• Charles I Ruled without Charles I Ruled without summoning summoning parliamentparliament for 11 for 11 years.years.

• Parliament created a Parliament created a Petition Petition of Rightsof Rights..

1. No 1. No billetingbilleting – forcing – forcing

people to house troopspeople to house troops2. No 2. No martialmartial law law3. No arbitrary 3. No arbitrary taxtax4. No arbitrary 4. No arbitrary jailingjailing

Picking SidesPicking Sides

• The country split between The country split between supporters of the King called supporters of the King called RoyalistsRoyalists……

• and supporters of Parliament and supporters of Parliament called called PuritansPuritans or or RoundheadsRoundheads..

Lifestyles of Puritans and RoyalistsLifestyles of Puritans and RoyalistsPuritansPuritans• No dancingNo dancing

• No gamblingNo gambling

• CensorshipCensorship

• No pubsNo pubs

• No races or rooster fightsNo races or rooster fights

• No actors or minstrelsNo actors or minstrels

RoyalistsRoyalists• Wild partiesWild parties

• Loose moralsLoose morals

• DrinkingDrinking

• SwearingSwearing

• Spending lots of moneySpending lots of money

• Ceremonies and elaborate Ceremonies and elaborate decorationsdecorations

PuritansPuritans• Called “roundheads” because they didn’t wear Called “roundheads” because they didn’t wear

wigswigs and had close cut hair. and had close cut hair.

• OrangeOrange was a was a protestantprotestant color, so it became a color, so it became a puritan color.puritan color.

RoyalistsRoyalists• Members of the army were called “Members of the army were called “cavalierscavaliers” – ” –

belonged to the belonged to the cavalrycavalry

• GreenGreen was a was a catholiccatholic color, so it became a color, so it became a royalist color royalist color

Oliver CromwellOliver CromwellDictator or Savior?Dictator or Savior?

• Came from a poor, Came from a poor, PuritanPuritan family family

• Educated at CambridgeEducated at Cambridge

• Member of the Member of the House of House of CommonsCommons

Policies of Cromwell: Policies of Cromwell: “The Lord Protector”“The Lord Protector”

• The civil war begins with Charles I ignoring and then The civil war begins with Charles I ignoring and then trying to arrest his trying to arrest his ParliamentParliament..

• Cromwell begins as a mild member of parliament and Cromwell begins as a mild member of parliament and loyal servant of the loyal servant of the KingKing..

• Charles was captured and tried for Charles was captured and tried for treasontreason in 1649. in 1649.

• He refused to recognize the court, but was found guilty He refused to recognize the court, but was found guilty anyway.anyway.

• By the end of the war:By the end of the war:– King Charles I is dead (regicide)King Charles I is dead (regicide)– Parliament has been taken by force Parliament has been taken by force by by CromwellCromwell in 1653. in 1653.

Oliver Cromwell• Puritan Morality imposed!• Strict religious rules • Sought to reform/change society

– abolish “sinful” activities (dancing, theatre, comedy, sports)

• Tolerant of all Christians; except Catholics• Son ruled after him, weakly • People began to long for the Monarchy

The Restoration & Charles Stuart II

• 1660- Charles II entered London to cheers of support and celebration for the return of the KING– Restored the theater, sporting events, dancing

• Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom, HABEAS CORPUS– 1679- law passed guaranteeing prisoners right to

go before a judge & the accuser– Monarch could no longer put people in jail randomly

• Died 1685 with no heir

The Restoration: The Restoration: The Return of the KingThe Return of the King

• Charles IICharles II, son of Charles I, is invited to , son of Charles I, is invited to rule England. (The rule England. (The Merry MonarchMerry Monarch))

• The Earl of Rochester wrote about The Earl of Rochester wrote about Charles II, “Here lies our sovereign Charles II, “Here lies our sovereign Lord the King, Whose promises none Lord the King, Whose promises none relies on; He never said a foolish thing, relies on; He never said a foolish thing, Nor ever did a wise one.”Nor ever did a wise one.”

• Charles II replied, Charles II replied, ““This is very true, for This is very true, for my words are my own, and my actions my words are my own, and my actions are those of my ministers.are those of my ministers.””

Problems that Charles II FacedProblems that Charles II Faced

• Charles learned form his Charles learned form his father’sfather’s mistakes and worked with mistakes and worked with ParliamentParliament, , so most people liked him. But…so most people liked him. But…

• Charles had many girlfriends, but no Charles had many girlfriends, but no legitimate legitimate heirheir. So…. So…

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution

• No violenceNo violence

• William and MaryWilliam and Mary had a had a blood right to the Throne.blood right to the Throne.

• Parliament invited William Parliament invited William and Mary to rule. Finally, and Mary to rule. Finally, freedomfreedom and and civil rightscivil rights..

English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights

• Parliament must meet Parliament must meet everyevery year year

• Only parliament can Only parliament can levy taxeslevy taxes

• Fair/speedy trial for all, Fair/speedy trial for all, by by juryjury

• Right to Right to petitionpetition