PRONUNCiバT10NSelf-study andclassroom use

Second edition

lntermediate

Mark Hancock

CAMBRIDGE鰤 UNIVERSITY PRESS

ContentsAcknow[edgementsTo the studentTo the teacher

Section A soundsLetters and sounds1 Fromzerotohero2 Plane, plan

3 Back, pack

4 Rice, rise

5 Down town

6 Meet, met

7 Carrot, cabbage

8 Few, view

9 Gak, Kate

10 ue,we,you11 Kite, kit12 Sheep, jeep, cheap

13 Lent, rent14 car, care

15 some, sun, sung

16 Note, not17 Thick, they18 snut, putl, rude

19 shirts, shorts

20 Toy,town

Combining sounds21 Dream, cream, scream

22 teyt,lunch,last23 wins, weeks, wages

24 Rested, played, watched25 Pets enter, pet centre

26 War and peace

Section B StressWord Stress27 Saturday September 73th

28 Forest, forget29 Second-hand bookshop

30 tJnforgettable

31 Pubtic, pubticity

Stress patterns32 Teafortwo33 ueaskedherhername34 fheptaceisclean35 Wnatdoyouthink?36 Some mitkandeggs

Ptaying with the sounds of Eng[ish

The vowelsounds lal and lulThe consonant sounds lbl and lplThe consonant sounds lsl and lzlThe consonant sounds ltll and ltlThe vowel sounds litl and lelUnstressed vowels lal and llThe consonant sounds lfl and lvlThe consonant sounds lgl and lklThe sounds lhl, lwl and l.ilThe vowel sounds lal and ltlThe consonant sounds l.l'1,l,JSl and lt.l'lThe consonant sounds lll and lrlThe vowel sounds lot(r)l and /ec(r)/The consonant sounds lml , lnl and lnlThe vowet sounds lool and lnlThe consonant sounds l0/ and /61The vowel sounds lr'l , lol and lu;lThe vowe[ sounds /:r(r)/ and lx(r)lThe vowe[ sounds lttl and latsl

Consonant groups at the beginning of wordsConsonant groups at the end of words

Words with -s endings

Words with -ed endings

Consonant sounds at word boundaries

VoweI sounds at word boundaries

I ntroducing word stress

Stress in two-syllable words

Stress in compound words

Stress in longer words 1

Stress in longer words 2

I ntroducing stress patterns

Pronouns in stress patterns

The verb to be in stress patterns

Auxitiary verbs in stress patterns

Pronouncing short words (a, of, or)

くフ　

０́

　ハ０

０

２

４

６

８

０

２

４

６

８

０

２

４

６

８

０

２

４

６

８

１

１

１

１

１

２

２

２

２

２

３

３

３

３

３

４

４

４

４

４

50

52

54

56

58

60

２

４

６

８

０

　

２

４

６

８

０

６

６

６

６

７

　

７

７

７

７

８

「コfη gr′sヵ Proηυ′,ca古′。η′r,υse′η[er″,ed′ate

Section C lntonation37 tt cuttoREN // DRtvE sLowLY //38 // uis sister // whowas clever // won

39 // Sorryto dislslbyou //40 // Hewittwin //41 // Scnwartz // Pedro Schwartz //42 ilwnatao.voudo? //43 tt ttnin*you're in my seat //44 tt r11tyz // No // fiftssn! //45 eead\ Bear?l

Dividing messages into speech unitsSpeech units and grammar

lntroduction to main stress

Emphasising a contrasting opinion

Emphasising added detaits

Main stress in questions

Main stress for contrasting informationEmphasising corrections

Rising and falting tones

Section D Understanding pronunciation in useSpeed

46 I fnm-. //Well.,. // Thinking time

47 // t mean // and just kind of // Unstressed words in conversation

48 Scuba-diving-course Listening to connected speech

49 Wnite-Oread or brown-bread? Connected speech: sound changes

50 // ooyou actualty know // Fast and careful speech

Tone51 llThe kitchen v// the garden v

// and the grounds\ // Continuing or finishing tones

52 // lt's about four hours n // Sure and unsure tones

53 tt Oo I press'enter'? V // lntonation in instructions

54 // t-te's quite rude\ // isn't he? \ // lntonation in opinions

55 // tt's. absolutely, stunning\ // Showing enthusiasm

Accents56 Finders keepers Accent variation relating to R

57 We had a cat Vowel sound variation in different accents

58 Rita'swriting a book Consonant sound variation in different accents

59 uetto.l'm from ... Engtish from around the world60 fairtrade Pronunciation objectives: clarity or speed?

Section E ReferenceE1 lntroduction to phonemic symbo[s

E2 Pronunciation testE3 cuide for speakers of specific languages

E4 Sound pairs

E5 Engtish as a Lingua Franca

EG ctossary

Answer key

２

４

６

８

０

２

４

６

８

８

８

８

８

９

９

９

９

９

100

102

104106

108

110

112

114

116

118

120

122

124

126

128

130

137

143

146

163'166

4 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

'168

From zero to heroPlaying with the sounds of Engtish

It is common for speakers to ptay with the sounds of the [anguage. Read these sentences fromnewspapers and magazines. Notice that the blue phrases contain words which sound simitar.

They contain rhymes: the finalvoweI or vowe[ + consonant sounds are the same orsimitar-sounding, e.g. sign and time.

Appearance is very important in the fashion business'

According to company director Martha Friedl,tYou have to dress for success"

'on this island' nOthing happenS

in a hurrY,' says Jamie, 'You iust

have to relax and go with the flowl

ln the age of the text message, it is

perhaps a sign of the times that many

ieenagers can no longer write with a pen

E97-flListentothispoem.Noticethepronunciationoftheb[uewords

■□Ｆ

ピ

ー

ｒ

ｌ

′

‘

′

Spelting is not always a good guide to pronunciation. Listen to these groups of words from the

poem. Notice that A does not rhyme with B even though the spetting of the end of the word

is the same. B rhymes with C even though the spetting of the end of the word is different. The

phonemic symbols make this clear.

It's very strange, but did you knowShoe wi[[ never rhyme with toe?And foot witl never sound like boouBoot's like suit and ftute and fruit.Foot's like put and feet's like seat;

Creat's tike eight but not [ike eat.

Work is not pronounced like fork.Fork's [ike walk and also ta[k.Why is beard not [ike heard?

Why does bird rhyme with word?This is what l've sometimes foundSpelting's often not [ike sound.

cknow /nou/suit /su:t/feet /fi:t/

walk /wclk/bird /bs:d/

Ashoe /Ju:/foot /fot/

great /gre rtlwork /ws:k/beard /brad/

B

toe /tao/boot /burt/seat /si:t/fork ltt;kl

heard /hsrd/

Note: The rhyming words above may not rhyme in a[[ accents. For more on accent variation,

see Units 56-60.

Fernando goes from zero to heroafter scoring a last-minute goalin the European championr-nip.

10

A

English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

■―

A

L q「 \

rrヨ「

Ｆ一　

】

ｒＬ一4 t

Exercises

1J Underline the phrases containing rhymes in these sentences from newspapers and magazines.

EXAMPLE We bring you the latest news and views from the sporting wortd.

1 F.n.y flying to the Mediterranean for a

weekend of fun in the sun?

2 An extremely low tide has left manyboats high and dry on the beach.

3 ')b,, don't get to the top by doirrgnothing,' says manager Bob Clalke,'Hard work is the name of' the game.'

4 'l'm a man with a plan,'MitchelltellsDemocratic Party conference.

5 Back in the 1970s, school classrooms were all chalkand talk. Nowadays, kids expect their lessons to beentertaining.

6 Motorists have been advised to steer clear of

Junction 15 during the roadworks.

sounds slower wood

1.2 1==2]Read the pOem betOW and Write the wordsfrom the boxin the gaps.Listen,check

and repeat.

do dott go goal hour magazine rude

It's very strange, but did you know

........D0........ wi[[ never sound [ike 1....................... ?

Ocean doesn't rhyme with c/ean;

doesn't rhyme with /owerAnd /our witt never sound [ike 6.

G。。d′s tike 7. but not like food,Clean's [ike green and ν、ィ。υld,s tike coυ rd but not like 8.

3…..¨ ………………………witi never rhyme with r。 ′ι You know that wOυ ηds are not tike ρOυηds

Ro//'s like hole and also a. 'Cause letters aren't the same as e,

2

1。3

1。4

巨亜コ WhiCh WOrd dOeS nOt rhyme With the Others?Under‖ ne it.丁he phonemic Wmbolswill helP you.Listen and check your answers.

E×AMPLE halr here there where /heo hlo ёeo lwco/

1 car star far war /col st o: fO: wЭ :/

2 slow cow go know /sloo cao 9oo no(〕 /

3 nose gro、へ′s does goes /n00z gr00z dAZ gO(〕 Z/

4.ctear near bear hear /k1lo nIЭ beЭ hlo/

5 realり earし nearり clearり /riOli 3:ll n1011 CIIЭ l1/

6 close choose lose shoes /ci00z t、|・ulz lu:z ∫u:z/

7 above glove love move /01bAV glAV IAV nluIV/

Find groups of rhyming words ortetter names in these pictures.There are three wods or

翻'2

」

English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate 11

L_lL

letter names in each group.

EXAMPLE booL ' suiL - {ruih

BN

lQ QIゝ

1

」

Z

Plah€, planThe vowel sounds leil and lnlWhen you say the letters of the alphabet, A has the long vowel sound /erl. You hear this sound

in the word plane. But the letter A is also pronounced as the short vowel sound /r/, as in theword plan.

l Listen to the sound lerl on its own. Look at the mouthdiagram to see how to make this long vowel sound.

Listen to the target sound /erl in the words below and compare

it with the words on each side.

*1get /cry

meat

come

white

buy

mate

came

wait

bay

ｅｔ　ｍ　ｅｔ　ｙ

ｍ

ｃａｌ

Ｗ

ｂｌ

Listen and repeat these examples ofthe target sound.

ptay played ptategrey grade greataim age eight

longer <=_-.-_> shorter

〔][z]三二I Llsteri tc,the sc)unld/ac/.Look at the,nlouth diagrarrl tosee how to make thls shott vowetsound.

Listen to the target sound/a/in the words and compare it with

the、vords on each slde.

び get/ぬ/

nlud

slng

pen

hot

mad made

sung

pain

heart

Ｅ９　

１

　

・〓

ｎ

　

副

　

ご

ｓａ

　

ｐ‐

ｈ‐

Listen and repeat these examples of the target sound

bank bag back

hand cash catchham has hat

longer <-----------> shorter

wide

mouth

move front of

tongue up

CIゝヽノ

movc,aw up

The ptane was delayed so we waited and ptayed.

back of

wide<- open +

mouth

down

) /グjaw down

A man in a btack hat witha bag of cash in his hand

Accent variationAccent variation

/o1/or/a/=〉 ∪nit 57

/a/or/e/=)Unit 57

N[

NZ

/

/

Spetting

frequentty

letl A― E(male),AY← り )′EY(grり ),EI(eig肝),AI(旧た),EAし real)

/a/ A(力 aF)

12 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

2

ヽ

Ｆ皿歴

「

‐¬¬

⊇ ヒ″ヨ■■日 ヽ E三コロ

卜 ●

「ζヨ回

C

Exercises

21 Write the words for these things in the correct part of the table.

words with /erl words with /a/αよle

`年

)Pに

1鰤 |

●，７

鷺

ｋ‥‐―

‐2.2 EE=亘 ]LOOk atthe blue WOrdS OrSy[tables in the dialogue.DO they contain 1/c1/or 2ノ a/?

VVrite l or 2 in the gaP after each word.Then tisten and check your answers.

Kate: What are your plans¨ み̈ fOr the hOliday,.… 1… 」ack7.……JaCk: |′ m OfftO Spain…….Wlth」 ane.…….

Kate: Sounds great!¨ .....How are you getting there?

」ack:Train… …■o Manchester… ….and the plane… …■O Malaga.

And you?VVhat are you doing?

Kate: No plans……..rm a bit shott of cash… .… actually.……,sO I'm staylng… ……here.

Jacki Oh.in that… ….case………′Kate………,can you do me a favour?… ….

Kate: What?

Jack Can you go to my ftat....... and feed the cat....... ?

Itt just for a few days ....... .

Kate: When do you get back....... ?

Jack l'm back....... on Saturday....... .

Kate: We[[, okay....... then.

Fo1lolw‐ lup:Plaly the recording again.Pause and repeat after each iine,

2.3 1==亘=亜

III Listen and underline the wordyou hear.If you find any of these diricult,go to Section E4 Sound pairs forfurther practice.

1 Man or men? Did you see the man / men?2 Cap or cup? Have you seen my cap / cup?3 Hat or heart? She put her hand on her hat / heart.4 Pain or pen? l've got a pain / pen in my hand.5 Stay or stare? Therel no reason to stay / stare.

Foltow-up: Record yourself saying the sentences in 2,3, choosing one of the two words eachtime. Make a note of which words you say. Then listen to your recording in about two weeks.ls it c[ear which words you said?

= Sound pair 1)

+ Sound pair 2)

= Sound pair 3)

= Sound pair 4)+ Sound pair 5)

English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate 13

ヽ`

ＦＥ

Ｆ」

Jロ'」

Back, packThe consonant soun ds lbl and lplglTTl When you say the alphabet, the letters B and P have the sounds lbi;l and lpitlln words, they have the consonant sounds lbl and lpl .

Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make these sounds.

Listen to the sounds lbl and /pl.

The mouth is in the same position for both sounds, but:

o in lbl there is voice from the throat, whereas in /p/ there is no

voice from the throat

. when lpl is atthe start of a word, there is a sma[[ explosion ofair when the tips open. With /b/ this does not happen.

lips closed

(stop air)

×_〆~

move opcn

(rclcase air)

'A8Now listen to the sound /b/ on its own.

Listen to the target sound /b/ in the words below and compare it with the words on each side

6get /bt

pack

caP

very

covered

back

cab

berry

cupboard

pack

caP

very

covered

EE:=:I]Listen tc)the sound/p/orl its own.

Listen to the target sound/p/in the words below and compare it with the words on each side

,(getわ/

Listen and repeat these examptes ofthe target sound.

post park price

open happen springshop hetp jump

Listen and repeat these examples of the target sound

bought bike broke

rubber about ablejob web tube The boy bought a blue bike but his

new blue bike broke.

Penny went to post a parcel and paid a

pound to park.

Et spetting

bay

tab

full

coffee

Ｖ

′

ＩＤ

　

＝ｔｔ

ａ

　

ａ

　

ｕ

ｈ

レ　

ー

　

′Ｔ

coffee

ｙ

ｐ

＝　ツ

ａ

　

ａｌ‐　

ｕ

　

Ｖ■

Ｐ

Ｌｌ　ｐ

α

frequentty notes

/b/ B ttb)jBB(rυ bbe→ B is sometimes silent (comb).

/1〕 / P (open),PP (happen) PH is pronounced lf I (phone).

P is sometimes silent (psychology)

14 English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate

3

『ト

A

Ｒ

〉

Exercises

3.1 mTd Listen and read this dialogue. What are the three misunderstandings?Comptete the table.

Met: Oh, he[to, Stef - back from the shops already? ls it stitt raining?Stef: Yeah, it's pouring!Met: Boring? lf you're bored, get yourself a hobbylStef: No, I said pouring, with a P.

Met: Oh, I see, pouring, right. Was there anything in the post box today?Stef: Nothing interesting, just some bills.Me[: Oh? I wonder who put pi[[s in the post box!

Did you remember to buy a gift for Tom's birthday?Stef; Yes. Now ljust need to wrap it.Met: Rabbit? What do you need a rabbit for?

Stef says: Me[ hears:

2

3 lt

lorいg.

Follow-up: Ptay the recording again.Pause and repeat after each [ine.

3,2 9_Aijl Read the joke and write the letter b orp in each gap.Listen and check your answers. Then practise saying the joke.

A baboon goes into a pet shop to buy peanuts and..h..ananas.

'Sorry,' says the sho...p..keeper, 'This is a pet shop - we onty se[[

food for.......ets.'

'OK,' says the baboon, 'l'd like to.......uy food for my pet rabbit.'

'What does your pet rabbit eat?' asks the shopkeeper.

'.......eanuts and bananas,' re.......[ies the .......aboon.

3.3 圧亜□ Listen.ln one wOrd in each gЮ up,the B or Pis not PЮ nounced.Under‖ ne the word

EXAIVIPLE double doubt Dublin

l lamb label lab

2 crab robbed ctimb

3 cuP Cupboard copy

4 Photo potato paper

5 recipe repeat receipt

6 possibly psychology special7 Clambridge cornbine conlbing

3.4 1里五Iョ Listen and tick(/)the sentence yOu hear,A orB.!f you find any ofthese dlfficult′

go to Section E4 SO“ndρ a′燿5 for further practice.

A Bl There'S a bearin that tree. There′ S a pearin that tree. (⇒ Sound Pair 28)

2 He had the beach to himsetf. He had the peach tO himsetf.(⇒ sOund Pair 28)

3 They burned it. They'Ve earned it. (⇒ Sound Pair 29)

4 Say`bOiL SaVe 01. (⇒ Sound pair 29)

5 This is a nicer pear. 丁his is a nice affar (⇒ sOund Pair 30)

6 WOuld yOu like a COw? WOuld yOu lk a COffee? (⇒ Sound Pair 30)

Follow-up: Record yourself saying the sentences in 3.4, choosing sentence A or B. Make a noteof which sentence you say. Then listen to your recording in about two weeks. ls it clear whichsentencesyou said?

English Pronunciation in Use lntermediate 15