English Notes Of Matric The Wise Caliph

CHAPTER 1Question and AnswersQ.1 What was caliph Haroon-ur-Rashid known and respected for?Ans. Caliph Haroon-ur-Rashid was famous for his wisdom and justice. The Caliph was wise in that manner as he used to disguise himself to know the problems and difficulties of the subject more freely and equality.Q.2 Why did he go through the streets of Baghdad?Ans. He would go through the streets of Baghdad to mingle with the common people in order to gain first-hand knowledge of their difficulties. He believed that by adopting the common life style, he experienced the problems in true sense.Q.3 What did the Qazi say to the Caliph?Ans. Firstly Qazi approached to the Caliph saluted him and presented a puzzled case, which the Qazi could not solve. The mystery was disturbing the Qazi because the two men were claiming the ownership of the same horse.Q.4 What was the dispute between the rich man and beggar?Ans. The dispute between the rich man and the beggar because of a horse. Both of them were claiming the ownership of horse plus accusing each other of robbery.Q.5 What did the rich man tell the Caliph?Ans. The rich man told the Caliph that he was riding towards the city. On this way he saw a beggar, who asked for a ride up to city gate. Afterwards the beggar refused to get down from the horse and claimed that the horse ws his.Q.6 What did the beggar tell the Caliph?The beggar told the Caliph that he had spent all his money on the horse. That morning the beggar was riding to the city and saw the rich man walking along the road. He asked for a lift because he was in hurry but afterwards refused to discount claiming that the horse belonged to him.Q.7 Why did the beggar refuse to go down the horse?Ans. The beggar refused to get down the horse because he wanted to rob the rich man of his horse. He also fabricated a false story to claim his ownership.Q.8 What did the horse do when the beggar touched it?Ans. When the beggar touched the horse it winced as if it did not like the touch of his hand. This reaction of the animals show that it was not owned by the beggar.Q.9 What did the horse do when the rich man touched it?Ans. When the rich man touched the horse it neighed and snorted with pleasure. This reaction of the horse proved the true ownership of the rich man.Q.10 What did the Caliph say to the beggar?Ans. The Caliph pronounced the beggar that he was a lair and wicked man. And by forgiving him asked him to beg the pardon of the rich man. Afterwards the rich man forgave him.Sentences1.Afford I cant afford such a heavy expense.2.Puzzled Ali was puzzled with the sum.3.Disguise.. The magician disguised himself as a woman in a second.4.Dispute The Kashmir dispute is a bone of contention between India and Pakistan.5.Lend.. Please lend me your physics book.Synonyms1. shiver tremble2. astonish amaze3. cling stick4. request beg5. stiffen harden6. severe stern7. utterly completely8. disguise hide9. obvious clear10. puzzled confused11. mingle mixComplete the Sentences1. A large crowd had gathered outside the court.2. The courtiers crowed round the Caliph.3. The Caliph disguised himself as a common man.4. The people recognized the Caliph inspite of his disguise.5. His right leg is shorter than the left leg, so he has a limp in his walk.6. The rich man saw the lame beggar limping along the road.7. The beggar motioned to him to stop.8. He stood still and made no motion.9. He uttered a few words and then lost consciousness.10. To his utter disappointment he failed in the examination.11. The rich man went galloping along the road.12. The horse was running at a gallop.13. The rich man and the beggar both claimed the horse.14. Whose claim was found to be true?Verbs and Nouns1. Beg Beggary2. Live Life3. Lend Loan4. Believe Belief5. Please Pleasant6. Give Gift7. Speak SpeechComposition1. Describe the dispute between the rich man and the poor beggar and how did the Caliph prove that the beggar was a liar?The dispute between the rich man and the beggar was because of a white horse. Both of them were claiming the ownership of the horse plus accusing each other of the robbery. Firstly, rich man riding to the city, he saw the beggar limping along the road. He felt sorry for him and gave him a ride up city gate. Afterwards, the beggar refused to dismount claiming that horse belonged to him. The beggar also told the same story with few amendments.The Caliph, being wise, settled the dispute in a minute. He ordered both the men to touch the horse. When the beggar touched the horse, it showed the displeasure by wincing. But when the rich man touched the horse, It neighed and snorted with pleasure. The reaction of the animal proved the true ownership of the rich man. In this manner the case was decided and the Caliph was able to prove that the beggar was a liar and wicked man.2. What is the moral of the lesson The Wise Caliph?The lesson The Wise Caliph teaches us that if someone is dishonest to you and treats you in the bad manner, you should not treat him in the smae manner in which her behaved. The best revenge for a bad deed is a good deed.

Professions

CHAPTER 3Question and AnswersQ.1 What does Akhund mean?Ans. Akhund is a Sindhi word derived from a Persian word Khandan which means to read. It is the best word to express the teachers dignity and status.Q.2 How does a teacher fulfill, Gods command?Ans. The teacher fulfills Gods command by acting upon the first relation i.e. to read (IQRA). Teacher observe Gods Law by reading from the human heart, the nature and the Holy book.Q.3 What are the qualities of a teacher?Ans. Teacher must possess some personal and professionals Gaits. Personal qualities include interest for knowledge, reverence for all sorts knowledge, preference for students welfare. The other qualities are love to learn from every source and also to apply practically what he preaches.Q.4 Why is fish important for us?Ans. Fish is important, for us because it is a source of food and several by-products are obtained from fish i.e. glue, manure, liver oil. Catching fish is one of the most ancient and common profession of the world due to which a large number of people are engaged with this profession. It is also a flourishing trade.Q.5 What are the different modes of fishing?Ans. Freshment fishing or fishing inland and sea or marine fishing are the two different modes of fishing. Freshwater fishing is done in rivers, Lakes, streams, ponds etc while marine fishing is done in oceans, sea, coastal areas etc.Q.6 Why do people like freshment fish?Ans. People like freshment fish because of its delicious taste. They are of very small size and easier to catch rather than marine fishing. It is usually caught from rivers, lakes, ponds, canals etc.Q.7 Where is marine fishing done in Pakistan?Ans. In Pakistan, marine fishing is done in the Arabian sea long the coast. The hazards of marine fishing include prolong stay o the fisherman in deep sea. The other danger is sudden change of weather, which can result in the loss of many lives.CompositionExplain any one quality of a teacher.The most elegant quality of a teacher is that he takes keen interest in learning from every source. He does not hesitate in capturing knowledge from every point in life. He does not keep himself committed to the books only. But tries to gain knowledge from any and everyone. even those younger or less gifted than himself. It means that he remains student forever. So, the good teacher is one who is enthusiastic for gaining knowledge from every source of life.Unseen PassageBefore railways were made the cultivator derived little benefit on abundant harvest. He could not send his product to distant places to be sold; and if the land produced more than it was required in any particular district, as would happen in a good season. Prices fell and the cultivator was deprived of the profit which he might have expected, indeed, he often found it more economical to leave apart of his crop circuit. Railway has altered these conditions equalized has enabled agricultural, produce the improvements in communication to be sent to any distance with the result that prices have been in all places, within reasonable distance from the railway. When harvest are abundant, foodstuffs no longer not for want of buyers, since the farmer now has access to all the markets of the world.Questions1. Write down to main problems the farmer had to face before railways were made?Ans. The main hazards the farmer had to face were that he could not send his produce to the far-flung areas. The other problem was that if more crop is harvested, the prices fell and he deprived of the profit.2. Why did the prices of agricultural produce fall in good season?Ans. the prices of agricultural products fell in good season because of abundant quantity of produce.3. Why did the cultivators sometimes leave a part of his crop uncut?Ans The farmers sometimes left a part of their crop uncut because it was found more economical for them other than getting low prices for the produce.4. How has the improvement in communication helped to equalize the prices of agriculture produce?Ans. The improvement in communication has helped to equalize the prices of agricultural products because after the establishment to transport link, the products can be taken to ay part of the world.5. Change the bold verbs into Present Tense.Ans. were made are made, derived deriveFill in the Blanks1. The teacher examined each student carefully.2. River Indus is an important reservoir of water for irrigtion.3. Stamp collecting is a good hobby.4. The lunch was very tasty.5. They are modernizing their mill by importing new machinery.6. Manara is an off-shore island.7. Coal Car is a by-product of petrol.GrammarPut the verb in correct tense.1. I shall stay(stay) here until he comes (come) back.2. If you speak(speak) the truth, i shall not punish (not punish) you.3. When he reached (reach) the station the train had arrived (arrive).4. I found (find) the book which i had lost (lose).5. If you do not hurry (not hurry) you will miss (miss) the train.6. If it does not rain (not rain) we shall go (go) out for a walk in the evening.7. If he studies (study) regularly he will pass (pass) the examination.8. He went (go) to the market and bought (buy) two exercise books yesterday.9. I go (go) abroad for higher studies as soon as my result is announced (announce).10. The teacher punished (punish) the boys who hadnt done (not done) the homework.Use of Since or For.1. It has been raining since morning.2. They have been playing foot ball for an hour.3. I have been living in this house since January.4. She has been suffering from fever for two days.5. I have been preparing for the examination since Sunday last.6. He has been building a house for six months.7. The girl has been making a doll since noon.8. He has been studying in this school since 1984.Idioms1. To back out of something.Meaning: To withdraw from an agreement.Sentence: You gave you word that you should help. Dont back out of it.2. To beat about the bush .Meaning: To go around the topic in order to avoid the point.Sentence: Say exactly what you mean and stop beating about the bush.3. Bone to pick with someone.Meaning: grievance about something.Sentence: I have a bone to pick with you.Synonyms1. Reflection Image2. Enshrined preserved carefully3. Divine of God4. Dignity honour5. Par excellence the best6. cultivating developing7. professional concerning ones job8. regard opinionChoose the Right Meaning1. reverencing (reversing, paying respect to, referring)2. appreciates (thinks, pays money to values)3. inscribed (demand, written, described)4. decree (certificate, command, temperature)5. ponders (thinks about, wanders about, swims about)6. gifted (rewarded, talented, indobted)7. sources (influences, wounds, fountains)8. strives (groups, tries hard, sleeps)9. incorporation (put an end to, make part of , make a role of )10. status (a country, position, property)Little Things

CHAPTER 4Central IdeaReferenceThis poem is written by Julia Carney. The poem emphasis upon the importance of little things.Central IdeaNothing in this material world is unimportant. Even little things, which fail to claim and importance and fail to invite our attention, have their importance which cannot be ignored. Same as short, brief an soft spoken words create an everlasting impression in the hearts of others. Thus help to establish a harmonies society.ThemeIf a great thing is simple to explain and easy to understand then the little things demand elaboration of details.Question and AnswersQ.1 Write five lines about a little out of kindness done by you, and the result of it?Ans. Once a poor woman came to my house. She asked us about some money because her only son was in the hospital and she needed the money to buy medicines for him. My mother did not believe on her story but I offered my whole collection of the year which was about 800 to 900 rupees. In return, the woman gave me so much prays that I felt very happy on my act.Sentences1. To make fun of We should not make fun of poor because they are also human beings like us.2. To make room The conductor was trying to make room for incoming passengers inside the bus.3. To make money Most of the people spend their lives in making money other than doing good deed.4. To make a mistake Aslam is making a mistake by choosing Qurban as his partner.5. To make up Ive made up my mind to go to England for higher studies after the matriculation exams.Use of made of1. That house is made of bricks.2. This cushion is made of foam rubber.3. These machines are made of steel.Idioms1. To make the most ofMeaning: To take the fullest advantage of the circumstancesSentence: he led me use his bicycle for a month so Im going to make the most of it.2. To make the both ends meetMeaning: To be able to live within ones income.Sentence: I had to take up a part time job to be able to make the both ends meet.3. To make ones mouth waterMeaning: To cause someone to desire something intensely, especially food.Sentence: As soon as we got the smell of food, it made our mouth water.A Visit

CHAPTER 5Question and AnswersQ.1 Why were Mr. Ahmeds pupil excited?Ans. Mr. Ahmeds pupils were excited because they were given a day off to visit a Model Agricultural Farm. They were naturally very excited.Q.2 What surprised the boys when they reached the model farm?Ans. When the boys reached the farm, they were surprised to see such a vast area of farm. They were also astonished to see mechanized farm.Q.3 What is the name of the machine working in the wheat field?Ans. The name of the machine working in the wheat field is Combine. Its function is to harvest the crop and tied it into sheaves.Q.4 What does a thresher do?Ans. A Thresher chaff from the grain. From one side of the machine, a golden rain of sweet smelling machine comes out while from other end the chaff comes out.Q.5 How are ploughing, seeding and harvesting done on the model farm?Ans. On the model farm, ploughing is done by tractors. The sowing machine is used for the purpose of seeding where as harvesting is done by Combine.Q.6 How much work can one man do on the machine?Ans. Machines have made the work easy for the farmer. Thats why a man can do the work of almost hundred men with the help of machines.Q.7 What is an average produce from and ordinary farm? What is the produce per hectare on the model farm?Ans. The average produce from na ordinary farm is 13 to 20 quintals. Where as average produce per hectare on the model farm is 60 to 70 quintals.Q.8 Why is thee is difference in the output of the two?Ans. There is a difference in the output of the two because of the machines used in model farm. The use of modern machinery and chemical, fertilizers in model farm has made work feasible for farmers. Moreover, spray of pesticides / insecticides and continuous supply of water has helped to increase the work output.Q.9 What do they do to kill germs and insects?Ans. They spray pesticides and insecticides for the prevention of germs and insects. This process includes washing of tree trunks with lime water and removal of wild grass and weeds.Q.10 What do they grow on the model farm?Ans. They grow wheat, maize, cotton, sugarcane and grant. Moreover, they also grow vegetables and they also have a large orchard, where they grow mangoes and oranges.Q.11 Why were the boys surprised on the vegetable form?Ans. The boys were surprised on the vegetable farm to see the vegetable growing out of the season on the vegetable form. They do it by the usage of chemical fertilizers; plentiful supply of water and by the help modern machine.Sentences1. Planning I am planning to take computer classes in the summer vacations.2. Model The engineer presented a new model of car in the seminar.3. Irrigate The farmer has dug the canals to irrigate his land.4. Plentiful Ive got plentiful amount of money to spent on you.5. Harmful Pollution is a very harmful disease for this world.Complete the following Sentences1. The Headmaster had allowed them a days outing.2. Mr. Haroon received them at the gate and showed them around.3. With one sweep it seemed to eat up a large area.4. The pupils watched the working of the machine with keen interest.5. No, certainly not.6. The sowing machine sows, the seed well.7. No seed goes waste.8. We use chemical fertilizers to enrich the soil.9. The visitors were surprised to see growing there such vegetables as were out of season.10. He offered the boys fresh tomatoes and cucumbers.Composition1. Narrate in your own words how they get so much produce per rectare on the model farm.The farmers are able to grow an abundant produce on the model farm because of the modern techniques. They use modern machines, which can perform the work of hundred men. Along with, fertilizers are being used on a vast scale in the farm, so that better and finer crops can be grown. Moreover, spray of pesticides/insecticides and non-stop supply of water has helped to increase the work output.2. Write the sentences to show whether modern methods of farming are better nor the old ones.Machines and techniques have made the profession farming easy for the farmers. Modern methods are better than the old ones because they are more easy to operate than the old methods.They have increase the feasibility of work, because of mechanized means. In this way, one machine can do the work of hundred men. The old methods worked very slow and took a long time of the farmer. But today, the time is also saved and good crops can be grown. Today chemical fertilizers are being used in crops on vast scale, along with pesticides. These salts provide extra enrichment to the crops and protect them from diseases. In this manner better crops could be grown.DialoguesInstructor: Hello! I m from the department of Agriculture. Ive come here to guide you.Farmer : How can I increase the production?Instructor : You can do it by using chemical fertilizers in your crops.Farmer: But how these artificial compounds can increase the growth?Instructor: Actually these fertilizers are salts, which provide extra nourishment to the crops. In this manner you can grow better crops.Farmer: OK! Now tell me any other advantage of these fertilizers.Instructor: By using these salts you can also grow the crops that are out of season.Farmer: Well Ive another problem to discuss.Instructor: What is it?Farmer: Last year my whole crop was destroyed due to some insects. Tell me any cure for it?Instructor: Dont worry Look! These are the begs of pesticides or you can call it insecticides.Farmer: Please make it more clear.Instructor: Sure, actually these pesticides serve as medicines which will kill the insects and prevent destruction of crops.Farmer: Oh its very easy. youve provided me a useful knowledge. Thank You.Instructor: No matter, its my job.GrammarUse Adjectives in your sentences.1. Pleasant This perfume gives a very pleasant smell.2. Interesting Physics is an interesting subject.3. Huge- Sun is very huge as compared to our earth.4. Vast Arrangement have been made on vast scale for the prevention of crimes in the country.5. Large This exercise is very large.Convert the following into Direct Speech.Mr. Hasan told the visitors that the farm had been doing so well that they had decided to add a dairy to it. There, Finest cows and buffaloes would be kept. The farm would use an electric milker to milk the animals Modern Machinery would make cream and butter.Mr. Hasan said to the visitors The farm has been doing so well that we have decided to add a dairy to it. Here, finest cows and buffaloes will be kept. The farm, will use an electric milker to milk the animals. Modern machinery will make cream and butter.Idioms1. Get rid of I got rid of problem by my father.2. Get at He get at the point after listening the mystery.

King Faisal

CHAPTER 6Question and AnswersQ.1 When was King Faisal born?Ans. The Late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia was born in 1907. He was the second son of King Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud.Q.2 From whom did he receive his religious education?Ans. King Faisal belonged to a noble and religious family so the received his religious education from his maternal grand father Sheikh Abdullah Bin Latif.Q.3 When was Faisal made the King?Ans. Faisal was made King after the illness of his elder brother King saud in 1964. The council of Ministers chose him as a king because of his wisdom and intelligence.Q.4 How did Faisal rule Saudi Arabia?Ans. Being an able ruler and possessing great qualities of Leadership. Faisal ruled Saudi Arabia wisely and justly Saudi Arabia was polished under his rule because of his sincere leadership and love for his country. He did his best for the development of the country.Q.5 How did he developed his country?Ans. Keeping a vast governing experience, Fisal took all necessary steps to develop his country. He spend a lot of money to promote his people and provided the basic amenities of life to the people at their footsteps. He setup new industries and milk, provided the education with stipends compulsory and took every step to increase mineral oils production, which is the main source of income. Vast areas deserts were irrigated and brought under cultivation.Q.6 What were the feelings of King FAisal about Pakistan?Ans. King Faisal was a sincere friend and well-wisher of the people of Pakistan. He showed his sincerely on several ocasions by providing all-out metal and material support. He felt deeply on the separation of Pakistan. He was the one who gave the Castle of Islam to Pakistan and his name shall live foreever in the hearts of Pakistan.Q.7 Why was King Faisal against the State of Israel?Ans. King Faisal was against the state of Israel, because of its enmity towards the ARabs. Infact, he was arare of the aggressive designs of European block, that why he condemned the illegal occupation of israel. He demanded that the previous state of Jerusalem should be restored i.e. to be given under the control of Muslims as a holy Islamic city.Q.8 What did FAisal do for the Arabs in their war against Israel?Ans. Faisal made every possible effort to get back the ARab territories and provided full financial support to Arabs. He never recognized the state of Israel and did not establish any kind of relation with it at any level. He was the one who introduce the Arabs as a community.Q.9 When was King Faisal killed?Ans. King Faisal was killed by a wicked nephew of his on 25th March, 1975. Actually hee was murdered by a skillful fabricated plan.Q.10 How did the muslims feel over his death?Ans. The Muslims felt deep sorrow over his death. Pakistan now in his death as one of their family members had died. His name shall be written in the letters of gold and will be remembered forever.Sentences1. Education Islam makes it compulsory for all humans to acquire education.2. Govern The President governs the country with an iron hand.3. Gain Aslam gained a good profit in his joint venture.4. Spread Newspaper are the best media to spread the messages of Government.5. Affair This affair is keeping him occupied.Complete the Following Sentences1. Faisal started taking interest in the affairs of the state.2. He received religious education from his maternal grandfather.3. He was made governor of Hijaz when he was only twenty.4. He helped his father in governing the country.Composition1. King FaisalKing Faisal had a royal background thats why from the very beginning he was aware from the art of governing. Due to his intelligence, he was made P.M. in early age. He was a very sincere and true leader. He made the correct usage of all sources of income. He used mineral oil as a weapon for Arab to fight with the European block. he was aware of the aggressive plans of non-Muslims, thats why he openly declared it to the Muslim World. He also gave the solution by awaking the need of unity among the Muslims. he was only leader who recognized the Arabs as a community in the World. Now, he is no more but his efforts shall be remembered forever.2. King Faisals Efforts to Unite the MuslimsTo create unity among Muslims and to unite them on one platform, was the main aim of King Faisal. He realized that only solution to the problems which the Muslims world is currently facing lies in the unity among the Muslims. He provoke the need of brotherhood among the Muslims. He gave the idea and practically hold the Islamic Summit conferences in which all the problems were discussed at Length. he always supported the Muslims at their hard times which created an examplary effect on the Muslims. The best best example is his continuous struggle against the Israeli occupation of the Arab Territories. Infact, he chose the right path to save the Muslims from devastation.Idioms1. go into He goes into trouble through his foolishness.2. go through Have you gone through my report card?3. go together My opinion about this matter does not go together with yours.GrammarNouns1. Born Birth2. Educate Education3. Resign Resignation4. Move Movement5. Rule Ruler6. Govern Government7. Serve Service8. Visit A Visit9. Die Death10. Develop Development

From a Railway Carriage

CHAPTER 7Central IdeaReferenceThis poem is written by Robert Louis Stevenson, a Scottish poet. In this poem, he shows both the sides of picture i.e. good and evil. He loved the children and understood them.Central IdeaThis poem tells that one decides upon on objectives suiting ones natural aptitudes and capacities, one should not waste time and should use all the energies in the effort to attain it and not to be distracted by anything, however beautiful it may be.ThemeWe are not here to pay, to dream, to drill we have hard work to do and lots to lift. Shun not the struggle, Its God gift.Question and AnswersQ.1 What does the poet see from a railway carriage?Ans. He sees the beauty of the area. He also sees a boy who is collecting services hardly, a homeless person who is doing nothing but to stare and a man who is lifting the overloaded cart.Q.2 What pleasures does the railway journey give to the poet?Ans. The railway journey gives an immeasurable pleasure to the post. Natural beauty provides him an everlasting joy which includes the sights of meadows, daisies, mill, river, hill plain etc. He is pleased because a thing of beauty is a joy forever.Idioms1. In all There are four eggs in all in the basket.2. All at once All at once the rain started to fall.3. All the same This matter is all the same to me.4. All alone A soldier destroyed the enemys for all alone in the war.5. All about Its all about the corruption spreading in the country.Dignity of Work

CHAPTER 8Question and AnswersQ.1 What did Akhter not answer his mother?Ans. Akhter, being stubborn did not answer his mother. He was feeling cross and angry because he was made to do the work of servants and gardeners with his own hands.Q.2 What did Mr. Inayat tell the children?Ans. Mr. Inayat usually used to tell interesting stories of different parts of the world. But on that particular day, he told the children about the dignity of doing work with our own hands.Q.3 What reason did Akhter give his under for being cross?Ans. The reason for Akhtars anger was that he was forced to do the mean would. He believed that by doing out cast his greatness is decreased and was feeling ashame on his act.Q.4 What did the teacher do himself?Ans. The teacher swept the room and emptied the dustbin. The head master also took part in the activities by cleaning bathroom.Q.5 What did the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) love?Ans. Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) loved to do the work for himself and for others with his own hands. He never felt shy in repairing and mending his shoes, washing clothes and sweeping room. He proudly joined his companions in digging ditch during the Khandaq Battle.Q.6 Were the companions of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) like him?Ans. Yes, the companions of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) like him. They were the complete sketch of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) personality and loved doing work with their hands. Hazrat Abu Bakr not did his own work but also helped others.Q.7 What did Hazrat Abu Bakr do?Ans. Hazrat Abu Bakr was the orthodox Caliph of Muslims. Following of footsteps of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), he did every kind of work, his own as well as of others. He fetched water far widows and neighbours who were very old and had no one to work for them.Q.8 What did Hazrat Fatima do?Ans. Hazrat Fatima was the beloved and dearest daughter of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). She could have servants being the daughter of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H), but like her father she fetched water, ground corn and swept the house.Q.9 How did Sultan Nasir uddin earned his living?Ans. Sultan Nasir-uddin was a very pious Emperor of Muslims. He earned his living by making caps, although he could take money from the emperors treasury.Q.10 What does everyone do in China?Ans. People at China believe that all ought to work. Everyone has to spend sometime each year working in the fields or in a factor. Even the Prime Minister and his wife do the work.Word Meanings1. cross angry2. reason cause3. pleasant friendly4. surprised astonished5. favourite specially liked6. treat behave towards somebody7. noble showing high character8. feteree went for an brought back9. advanced developedCompositionDignity of WorkGreatness of work or significance of work stand in the meanings of dignity of work .It means that every kind of work is great. No matter how small or how trivial it is. By doing work with our own hands, our greatness is not curtailed and we should, not feel shy or disgrace in doing chores of daily life. Dignity of work is very importance because it produces the spirit of doing hard work which enables us to face the hardship of life. It creates modesty on our personality and helps in the modification of ourselves. It also makes us ethical and social. So, we should realize that by doing work with our own hands make us honourable and great.

A Nations Strength

CHAPTER 9Central IdeaReferenceRaph Waldo Emerson is the writer of this beautiful poem. His philosophy is everlasting, because it arose from a desire to make all things new, to seize life freshly.Central IdeaThe vigorous growth of any nation does not depend on wealth. But majority the result of hard work, high moral character and virtues of great people. A nations strength is a fruit of which labour is seed.ThemeThe heights by great men reached and kept were nor attained by sudden light, But they, while their companions left, were toiling upward in the night. (Henry Longfellow)people do not lack strength they lack will.CharacterCharacter means moral qualities which constitute personal or national individuality. A nations strength rest upon the character of its people. Men of character achieve greatness for their nation through sacrifices and hones deeds. They build their nation on foundation of lasting virtue. So character is a parameter which can be used to measure the depth of a mans personality. When wealth is lost, nothing is lost. When health is lost, something is lost. When Character is lost, everything is lost.Idioms1. With Heart and SoulMeaning: All ones energies and interest.Sentence1.That teacher is very popular because she works with heart and soul.2. We should love our country with heart and soul.

The Clever Wife

CHAPTER 10Question and AnswersQ.1 What was the farmer doing in his field?Ans. The farmer was ploughing in his field with a team of bullocks. Suddenly, a tiger appeared from the bushes, which terrified the farmer.Q.2 What did the tiger say to him?Ans. Tiger greeted the farmer and said that the God had commanded him to eat farmers bullocks. He ordered farmer to obey Gods command then and deliver them to him.Q.3 Why was the tiger angry?Ans. The tiger was angry because first of all the farmer argued that God had commanded him to plough the fields and then refused to handover the bullocks to him. This argument and refusal of farmer made the tiger angry.Q.4 What did the farmer offer to the tiger?Ans. When the tiger became angry, the farmer tried to lesser his anger by offering his fat cow. He did so to save his dear live.Q.5 What did farmer tell his wife?Ans. The farmer entered the house in a panting position and introduced his wife with the terrifying condition. He told her that the tiger is awaiting for cow and asked her the cure for his feared condition.Q.6 Why did the wife of the farmer refuse to give the cow?Ans. The wife of the farmer refused to give the cow because it was the only source of butter and ghee for them. Moreover she also used to get milk from the animal.Q.7 What did the farmers wife do?Ans. She returned the farmer to the field and decided to solve the problem. She dressed herself as a blood-thirsty hunter and rode to the field.Q.8 What did she say when she saw the tiger?Ans. She said when she saw the tiger that she was really in need of a tiger because of its delicious flesh. She further said that she was habitual of eating three tigers a day in order to frighten the tiger.Q.9 What did the tiger do when the farmers wife said that she would eat a tiger?Ans. Actually the tiger was coward at heart. Thats why when he listened the terrifying dialogues from the farmers wife. He run away to save his dear life.Q.10 What did the jackal say to the running tiger?Ans. The jackal revealed the fact that the blood-thirsty killer was actually the farmers wife. He also promised to show the real identity of the killer.Q.11 What did the farmers wife say to the Jackal?Ans. The farmers wife thanked Jackal for bringing such a fine tiger to her. She also asked for two more tigers because she wanted to show the character of a blood-thirsty killer to afraid the tiger.Sentences1. Command: The major commanded his soldiers to attack the enemys fort.2. Coward: To sing a song behind ones back is a very coward act.3. Deliver: Newspaper are the best media to deliver the messages of Government.4. Tender: We should deal everyone in a tender and delicate manner.5. Trick: We should not play tricks with others.CompositionQ.1 Why did the farmer offer the tiger his cow?Ans. Firstly the tiger demanded the farmers bullocks in a dramatic style. The demand of the tiger terrified the farmer. He thought that if he had no bullocks to plough the field, there would be no wheat to make bread. He thought that if he gives his fat cow instead of bullocks, this would be profitable for him. Thats why the farmer offered the tiger, his cow.Q.2 How did farmers wife frighten the tiger?Ans. The farmers wife frighted the tiger by cladding herself as a blood-thirsty killer. She put on her husbands best clothes, lied a fine turban round her head. Then she saddled the horse and rode to the field. When she reached there, said in loud and bold voice that she was really in need of a tiger. She also added that she was habitual of eating three tigers a day. The tiger was coward at heart, thats why when he listened such dialogues, he ran to same his dear life?Q.3 How did the Jackal encourage the tiger?Ans. The Jackal firstly flattered the tiger. Then he encouraged him by revealing the fact that the bloodthirsty killer, who was terrifying the tiger, was the farmers wife. He also promised to show the real identity of farmers wife i.e. her long hair in order to proved his claim. He did so because he thought that he might also have a piece from the tigers hunt.Q.4 What is the moral of the lesson The Clever Wife?Ans. The lesson The Clever Wife teaches us that we can erase tireny from the society by showing boldness in our character. We should not be panic, while facing tribulations of life and we must keep our units along us.Grammar1.Direct to Indirect SpeechDirect: Tiger said to the farmer, Good morning, farmed of God has commanded me to eat your bullocks. Now obey Gods command and deliver them to me.Indirect:Tiger greeted the farmer that God had commanded him to eat farmers bullocks. He ordered farmer to obey Gods command then and deliver them to him.Direct:Farmer said to the tiger, God has commanded me to plough the fields and i Cannot do so without my bullocks. Perhaps, Sir, you have made a mistake.Indirect:Farmer told tiger that God had commanded him to plough the fields and he would not do so without his bullocks. Might the tiger had made a mistake.Direct:Tiger said, I know better what God wishes me to do so hurry up and hand over the bullocks to me.Indirect:Tiger said that he knew better what God wished him to do; he ordered the farmer to hurry up and handover the bullocks to me.Direct:Farmer said to the Tiger, Please, Sir, Ive a fat cow at home. Ill fetch it for you in a few moments.Indirect:Farmer requested the tiger that he had a fat cow at home. He would fetch it fo you in a few moments.Direct:The tiger said, All right, go and bring the cow but leave, the bullocks here. I promise Ill not hurt them.Indirect:The tiger commanded the farmer to go and bring the cow but leave the bullocks there. He promised he would not hurt them.Direct:The wife said to the farmer, You are already home, I havent yet started my household work.Indirect:The wife asked the farmer that he was already home and that she hadnt yet started her house hold work.Direct:The farmer said to his wife, Please, hurry up! Tell me what to do. The tiger is waiting for the cow. If I am late, the tiger will eat up the bullocks.Indirect:The farmer begged his wife to hurry up and tell him what to do. The tiger was waiting for the co. If he was late, the tiger would eat up the bullocks.Direct:The farmers wife said, Where shall and get the milk from? How shall I make butter and ghee if you give away the cow?Indirect:The farmers wife questioned where they would get the milk from. How she would make butter and ghee if he gave away the cow.Direct:The farmer said, I know but bread is more important than butter. If Ive no bullocks to plough the field with, therell be no wheat to make bread.Indirect:The farmer said that he knew but bread was more important than butter. If he had no bullocks to plough the field with there would be no wheat to make bread.Direct:The farmers wife said, No, I wont let you take the cow.Indirect:The farmers wife refused she would not let him took the cow.Direct:the farmer said, Then find some way out.Indirect:The farmer ordered to find some way out then.Direct:The farmers wife said, Very well, I shall think of a way. Leave it to me. No go back to the tiger and tell him that your wife is bringing the cow.Indirect:The farmers wife exclaimed that she would think of a way. Leave it to her. She ordered the farmer to go back to the tiger and tell him that his wife was bringing the cow.Direct:The farmers wife said, How I would like to eat a live tiger! Its flesh is so tender and tasty. Yesterday, I ate three tigers, bones and all. I hope I shall find at least one delicious little tiger today.Indirect:The farmers wife said that how she would like to eat a live tiger. Its flesh was so tender and tasty. The day before, she had eaten three tigers, bones and all. She hoped she would find at least one delicious little tiger that day.Direct:The jackal said to the tiger, What is the matter, my lord? Where are you off to?Indirect:The jackal asked the tiger what was the matter. Where he was off to?Direct:The tiger said to the jackal, Run for your life. Theres a blood thirsty horseman, who goes about eating tigers.Indirect:The tiger said to the jackal to run for his life. There was a blood-thirsty horseman, who went about eating tigers.Direct:The jackal said to the tigers, Oh that was only the farmers wife. She has played a trick on you. Come with me, my lord, and I shall you her long hair.Indirect:The jackal told the tiger that, she had been the farmers wife only. She had played a trick on tiger. He said to the tiger to go with him, and he would show him her long hair.Direct:The tiger said to the jackal, Are you sure its only a woman.Indirect:The tiger asked the jackal if he was sure it was only a woman.Direct:The jackal said to the tiger, Dont you trust your old friend.Indirect:The jackal asked the tiger if he not trusted his old friend.Direct:The farmer said to his wife, Now we are lost.Indirect:The farmer told his wife that they were lost them.Direct:The farmers wife said to the farmer, Dont you worry. I shall deal with them.Indirect:The farmers wife told the farmer not to worry. She would deal with them.Direct:The farmers wife said to the jackal, Ah, thank you so much, dear Mr. Jackal, for bringing me such a fine gift of a tiger. I was really looking for such a one. Have you any more because I must eat three tigers a day.Indirect:The farmers wife thanked jackal for bringing her such a fine gift for a tiger. She had been really looking for such a one. If he had any more because she must ate three tigers a day.2. Preposition1. The tiger was angry with the jackal.2. The farmers wife laughed at her husband.3. The farmers wife was not afraid from the tiger.4. Ill fetch the cow for you in a few moments.3. Sentences As a Noun and Verb1. Command We should obey the command of our elders. (N)1. Commanded The teacher commanded the students to take a surprise test. (V)2. Growl The panthers growl made the hunter terrified. (N)2. Growled The tiger growled at the fox because he was scrabbing his catch. (V)3. Plough Tractor is better tool than bullocks to plough the fields. (N)3. Ploughed The farmer ploughed the field to earn his bread. (V)4. Anger Anger is prohibited in Islam. (N)4. Angered Aslam angered when he listened the news of his failure in exams. (V)5. Trick The audience were very excited with the funny tricks of joker. (N)5. Tricked He tricked me by telling wrong exercise to me for the test. (V)6. Surprise There is a strange surprise for you in the store room. (N)6. Surprised Fahad was surprised with the slims. (V)7. Milk Milk is a balanced and complete diet. (N)7. Milked The cow milked her calf. (V)8. Despair We should not be despair while facing hardships of life. (N)8. Despair Ahmed was greatly despair because he failed in the annual exams. (V)4. Synonyms1. Bold Brave2. Firm Strong3. Delicious Tasty4. Despair Hopelessness5. Solute Great6. Eager Desirous7. Tender Soft

Beautiful Hands

CHAPTER 11Central IdeaReferenceThis poem is written by an American poetess Ellen M.H.Gates. She wrote religious songs. Collection of her poems were published in 1987 and 1910.Central IdeaMothers hands are the symbol of Love. A mother is a pivot, around which the whole family revolves. She relieves the tedium of life, sheds the divine light in the darkness, alleviates distress, does her duties by her children makes them happy, healthy and intelligent citizens of tomorrow. The progress of a nation depends upon the care and skill with which mothers rear up their children.ThemeThe theme of this poem can be expressed in the words of Napoleon that:Give me good mothers, Ill Give you good nation.orThe hands that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world.Question and AnswersQ.1 What words or phrases tell us that they are not pretty in the physical sense?Ans. The words ages and wrinkled tell us that the hands are not beautiful in their physical appearance. It means that these hands are old and full of wrinkles. They are neither fair not small but rough and big.Q.2 Why does the poetess praise the hands in the second stanza?Ans. The poetess praises the hands in the second stanza because these hands carelessly worked hard inspite of exhaustion and utter fatigue in order to provide happiness of her children. The poetess is showing repentance because when she was young, she couldve helped her mother in doing chars of daily life but she did not.Q.3 In the third stanza, what does These hands must folded be mean?Ans. The words, These hands must folded be mean that the death time of the poetess mother was near to come. The poetess is showing her grief because soon her mother would be under the layers of wild flowers in a folding manner.Q.4 Who does the poetess praise in this poem?Ans. In this poem, the poetess pays a high tribute to her mothers hands for their spiritual beauty. She further defined these hands that they worked restlessly inspite of facing tribulations of life, so that her family might enjoys a happy life.IdiomsWith a high hand Disregarding the feeling of otherSentence He is most unpopular because he decides matter with a high hand.

A Village FairCHAPTER 12Question and AnswersQ.1 Why was the village decorated?Ans. When Bilal reached his cousins village he saw that the village was beautifully decorated with colourful buntings and flags unusually. The reason behind that decoration was that the annual village fair was being celebrated.Q.2 Why was it the best time to visit the village?Ans. Bilal visited the village in his summer vacations. It would be best time for him to visit the village because the villagers were celebrating annual fair which is held only once in year. Bilal luckily experienced the amazing sights of this fair.Q.3 How did the juggler entertain the people?Ans. The juggler entertained the people through his funny and amazing tricks. He juggled with seven balls at a time without dropping any of them. It was a great game of practice and skill.Q.4 How did the conjurer perform his tricks?Ans.The conjurer performed several unbelievable tricks through his clever skill. He took Bilals handkerchief and tore it into pieces. Later on he astonished the audience by returning the handkerchief in just one piece.Q.5 What is tent-pegging?Ans. Tent -Pegging is a typical feature of Pakistani fair and a popular country game. In this game, the horse rider has to pull up the wooden pegs fixed in the ground. They do this with the help of lances.Q.6 What made the dogs run in the dog race?Ans. Dog race is a kind of fascinating entertainment for the villagers in which the skill of hound dongs is examined. In the fair, a rabbit was brought in the field and was let loose inform of the dogs, which made the dogs run.Q.7 What was the special announcement?Ans. The special announcement was about the horse race. s it is the general feature of a fair, thats why most of the people rushed to view their favourite segment of the fair.Q.8 What kinds of shops had been setup for the fair?Ans. Mostly the temporary shops had been set up for the fair. All kinds of goods from handkerchiefs to framing tools were available in these shops. They were the special faculty for this fair.Q.9 What was the use of these shops for the villagers?Ans. The temporary shops set up for the fair provided feasibility to both buyers and seller. People from far off places easily bought essential commodities of life. Where as, it was a good time for the sellers to avail business opportunity.Q.10 What were the different entertainments in the fair for the children?Ans. Thee were different entertainments for the children in the fair. These entertainments include swings, the monkey man show and the show performed by the circus people. Children enjoyed it a lot.Sentences1. Decorated Our school was beautifully decorated on the occasion of Eid Milad-un- Nabi.2. Competition A soldier was badly wounded during the shooting competition.3. Performance A Major was awarded medal because of his performance during the war.4. Temporary Temporary arrangements have been made for the prevention of crimes.5. Damaged The car was badly damaged after a small accident.Grammar1.Complete the following sentences1. The drummer who could beat the longest work get a prize.2. The two friends moved towards a crowd which had gathered in a big circle.3. The food that we ate was delicious.4. The man whom we saw climbing the pole had been walking on the tight rope.5. The rider whose horse had won the race was very happy.6. I went to the village where my cousin was living.7. I visited him when the village fair was in full swing.2. Tense Changing into Past.1. We do our homework.Ans. We did our homework at night.2. The pupils write a composition.Ans. The pupils wrote a composition in the half-time.3. My friend walks to school.Ans. My friend walked to school in the morning.4. The Headmaster teaches us English.Ans. The Headmaster taught us English in the last period.5. The peon rings the bell.Ans. The peon rang the bell at 1O clock.6. My mother does not sleep well.Ans. My mother did not sleep well.7. His brother loses his book.Ans. His brother lost his book in the assembly.8. The eagle flies very high.Ans. The eagle flew very high in the sky.9. The cobbler sits under a tree.Ans. The cobbler sat under a tree at noon.10. They grow rice on this farm.Ans. They grow rice on this farm in the winter season.3. Degrees of Adjectives1. old older- oldest2. young younger- youngest3. great greater greatest4. big bigger biggest5. far more far most far6. famous more famous most famous7. beautiful more beautiful most beautiful8. popular more popular most popular9. intelligent more intelligent most intelligent10. delicious more delicious most delicious4. Forms of Verbs1. know knew known2. heat heated heated3. learn learnt learnt4. sing sang snag5. read read read6. listen listened listened7. go went gone8. write wrote written9. make made made10. wear wore worn11. live lived livedComposition1. A Village FairLast month, we visited a village fair. The fair was representing the festive mood of the rusic people. The village was specially decorated with colourful buntings and flags and was crowded with a lrge number of people. Many temporary shops had been set up which were the special faculty for the fair. These shops were providing feasibility for the visitors as well as for the shopkeepers. There was a lot of entertainment for different age groups especially children like swings, monkey man show, drum beating competition, horse race etc. The circus people were also presenting their funny and amazing tricks to fascinate people. Tent pegging and the dog race were two very popular games of the fair. In tent-pegging the training and skill to horse and the rider is examined skill of dogs is examined through the dog race. We were very enchanted to see the beautiful sights of the fair.2. Tent-PeggingTent-pegging is one of the most popular and famous sport of Pakistan. It is an important heritage of our culture. In this game wooden pegs are fixed in the ground. The riders have to pull these pegs out of the ground with the help of their spear, as they ride by at a gallop. Tent-pegging is a exhibit of skill in which the training invested on the horse and the skill of trainee and the rider is tested. It is great game of joy in addition to practice and skill.

Speak Gently

CHAPTER 13Central IdeaReferenceThe writer of this poem is anonymous. But the tone of the poetry represents the peome is a part of Moorish poetry.Central IdeaSpeaking gently to everyone is a good trait in our character. By being gentle we are likely to loose nothing and gain much in terms of friendship. Good will and even material rewards. It places our character and personality in a very good light and creates an everlasting impression in the minds of others.ThemeKindness is more important than wisdom and recognition of it is the beginning of wisdom.SummaryThis Moorish poem is written by an anonymous poet. This poem emphasis upon speaking gently.By speaking gently we can attain the spiritual power of rule. Treating someone harshly is a kind of moral sin which can devastate our good deeds.Speak gently is the best way to train a child and win over his love and trust. If you dont adopt the mild attitude your teachings will not persist for a prolong period.Our attitude should be soft to the aged and old people in order to create such an atmosphere in which they can pass their remaining days peacefully.Speak mildly does not cause and burden to you. These soft words create a forever impression on the others hearts. The reward of adopting this habit is that in this mortal world is the good deeds and the everlasting pleasure. It also brings reward in the eternal life.Question and AnswersQ.1 What is the result of adopting harsh attitude?Ans. To speak harshly is a kind of ethical and social sin which can devastate our good deeds we should produce mildness in our character. This is the only way through which we can provide security to our good deeds which we have done in this mortal world.Q.2 What resemblance does he find between hearts and the deep well?Ans. The poet finds resemblance between and deep well because like deep well we cannot assume what is deeply within human heart. One thing is sure that the soft words go deeply in the heart and we cannot assume these words out of the hearts.Shopping

CHAPTER 14Question and AnswersQ.1 Why did mother ask Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping?Ans. Mother asked Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping because their father was not at home. He was on tour and in his absence the mother had to do shopping. Moreover, they also have run out of groceries and provisions.Q.2 How much fare did the taxi driver demanded?Ans. Mother hired a taxi to reach the market and asked the driver about the fare. The taxi driver demanded twenty rupees before hand s the meter was out of order.Q.3 What did mother tell the taxi-driver?Ans. The mother was shocked by the demand of taxi driver because the fare was too much as the distance was hardly a kilometer. She further threatened that she would take him to traffic constable if he insisted on charging 20 rupeesQ.4 Where did mother and children go first for shopping?Ans. Mother and children firstly went to the mutton market. Najma and Ajmal were astonished to see the Halal animals hanging in the market.Q.5 What is the difference between beef and mutton?Ans. The meat of cows, calves and buffaloes is called beef. Whereas mutton is the flesh of goats and sheep.Q.6 What did mother buy at the butchers shop?Ans. Firstly mother bargained with the butcher and settled the price at ninety rupees a kilo according to the price-list. Then she demands one kilo of leg and one kilo minced meat.Q.7 Where did mother go after making purchases at the butcher?Ans. After making purchases at the butchers mother headed towards the vegetables and fruit. She wanted to buy fresh and tasty vegetables for the incoming month.Q.8 How did the mother buy bananas and apples?Ans. Monthly firstly inquired the fruit sever about the price. Then she bought ten bananas at a rte of fifteen rupees and one kg apples at a cost of twenty rupees.Q.9 What did mother buy last of all?Ans. After making all purchases mother went to a poultry shop. She bought eggs and one kilo of dressed chicken at a rate of twenty and ninety rupees respectively.Q.10 How far is the market from the house of Najma and Ajmal?Ans. The market was not so far from the house of Najma and Ajmal. It was about a distance of one thousands metres.Q.11 What did mother ask the children to do when they reached back home?Ans. When they had reached back home, mother asked Ajmal to polish his own and Najmas shoes. She order ordered Najma to iron the clothes.Q.12 When do we use Metre, Kilometre, Kilo and Litre?Ans. These are all measuring units of different quantities. Metre is used for measuring Length, Kilometre for distance, Kilo for weightsand Litre to measure liquids except with those of high viscosity.Q.13 Give the reason why polythene bags are not being used all over the world? or What is / are the harmful effects of polythene bags?Ans. Polythene bags are not being used all over the world because they are major source of water pollution. They lock the severage pipes and when the drains are chocked, the dirty water spills all over. There is no suitable way of disposing these bags.Q.14 How can we call the mother a vigilant customer? or How did mother bargain for the price at the butchers shop?Ans. We can call the mother a vigilant customer because before buying anything she seemed to be very conscious the price and quality of goods. At the butchers shop, she firstly inquired about the price. When she knew the price, she insisted on charging less rupees because the prices were exceeding the price list. The butcher started telling stories but finally he agreed on the low rate which shows the vigilance of mother.Q.15 Why were Najma and Ajmal excited?Ans. Najma and Ajmal were excited because the first time they were going for shopping. The idea of learning new and interesting things was making them excited.Q.16 Why did Taxi driver demand 20 rupees for fare?Ans. Taxi driver demanded 20 rupees for the fare because he wanted to make more money than the fare. As the meter of taxi was also our of order, so taking the advantage of this situation he wanted to charge 20 rupees.Sentences1. Beef: Beef is the flesh of cows, calves and buffaloes.2. Calves: Calve beef is more tasty than cows and buffaloes.3. Carton: This carton of soap contains 100 cakes of soap.4. Cabbage: We grow fresh cabbages in the garden.5. Hire: Aslam hired a taxi to reach the station.6. Spices: Spices add delicious taste to the food.7. Meter: We should not harm our gas and electric meter.8. Unit: The unit of time in M.K.s system is second.9. Provisions: We buy provisions every month from the Sunday Bazar.10. Mutton: Mutton is the flesh of goats and sheep.Synonyms1. Frightened Afraid2. Hail Greet3. Buy Purchase4. Carton Box5. Provisions Supplies6. Pointing Hinting7. Threaten WarnOpposites1. Swim Drown2. Alive Dead3. Float Sink4. Front Rear5. Start Stop6. Boil Freeze7. Part Whole8. Buy Sell9. Agree Differ10. Reject AcceptGrammar1. Complete with Kilogram, Litre, Metres and Kilometres1. My house is three kilometre from the railway.2. This jar contains one kilogram of honey.3. He measured out ten metres of rope.4. The price of kerosene oil is five rupees a litre.5. Sugar cane is usually two to three metres long.6. The speed of this aeroplane is seven hundreds kilometres and hour.7. This car does twelve kilometres to a litre of petrol.2.Complete with the followingout of order, out of date, enforce, in order, up-to-date, to date1. The old system of weights and measures is no longer enforce.2. You must revise your book and bring to up-to-date.3. The Shopkeeper told him that their weighing machine was out of order.4. I have received no letter from him to-date.5. This rule is enforce, we must follow it.6. That book was published ten years ago, it is completely out of date.3. Complete with the followingwith cake, bar, jar, packet, carton, bag, roll1. A carton of soap contains 144 soap cakes.2. Please bring a jar of Swat honey for me.3. What is the price of one bag of flour?4. The price of a cake of soap has increased by one rupee.5. The shopkeeper charged me ninety rupees for this roll of cloth.6. This chocolate is cheap at three rupees a bar.7. This packet contains 25 biscuits.4. Prepositions1. The driver brought the taxi to a sudden halt.2. He took off his old coat and put on the new one.3. Please turn off the radio and turn on the T.V.4. Before leaving the kitchen she put off the fire.5. She turned out the cat and shut the door.6. My friend turned up late from the cinema.7. The watchman turned out to be thief.8. The plane took off at 10O Clock.5. Change into Active Voice1. He was robbed and beaten by some unknown persons.Ans. Some unknown persons robbed and beat him.2. The field was ploughed, the seed was sown and the crop was harvested by the farmer himself.Ans. The farmer himself ploughed the field, sowed the seed nd harvested the crop.6. Change into Passive Voice1. She brushed, cleaned and ironed her coat.Ans. The coat was brushed, cleaned and ironed by her.2. I brought this news to him.Ans. That news was brought to him by me.CompositionYou go shopping to buy a cloth for your School uniform Write a dialogue with the shopkeeper.Me: Hello sir, may I have a cloth for the school uniform?Shopkeeper: Sure, wait a second.Me: Is this purely cotton?Shopkeeper: No, it is paper cotton. But assure you that it will last longer?Me: Ok! But how can you say that the colour of trouser will not fade?Shopkeeper:It is my guarantee that the colour will not fade otherwise you can have your money back.Me: Alright, how much it costs?Shopkeeper: First tell me how much do you want?Me: I need about 6 meters of the cloth.Shopkeeper: Actually, the real price is 200 rupees but as you are our regular customer, you can have it at a cost of 18 rupees.Me: Its too expensive. Cant you be more flexible?Shopkeeper: No my son, because if I do so I will deprived of my profit.Me: Ok, take these 180 rupees and pack the cloth.Shopkeeper: No problem.Idioms1. To have the lions share: To take the biggest share of something.Example: Divide the cake into equal slices and dont have the lions share for yourself.Sentence: Divide the profit share equally and dont have the lions share.2. To same something for rainy day: To keep for some future security.Example: He wanted all his savings and has save nothing for a rainy day.Sentence: He lost all his money in gamble and didnt save anything for a rainy day.3. To cry over spilt milk: To grieve over something uselessly.Example: The damage has been done, but instead of crying over spilt milk, do something to repair.Sentence: It is useless crying over spilt milk.4. Its high time: The moment has already come.Example: The exams begin next month as its high time by now.Sentence: The cricket match will start in twenty minutes so its high time we should leave for the stadium.The Hand That Rocks the Cradle is the Hand That Rules The World

CHAPTER 15Central IdeaReferenceThis poem is written by William Ross Wallace, (1819-1881). He was born in Dexington, Kentucky. HiBs first poem appeared in 1837. He was lawyer by profession, but spent more time on literature. He composed patriotic songs during the civil wr which became popular. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.Central IdeaThe Central idea of this poem is that the first, noblest and most sacred mission of the mother is to bring up children. Mothers are the real builders of our nation, in the sense that the character of a children made or marred by the mother. It is said that:Educate women or mothers and the Nation will take charge of itself.ThemeA French idealogist Charles force said:One could judge the degree of civilization of a country by the social and political possession of its mother.SummaryThis poem is written by famous American poet William Ross Wallace.The poet is paying his homage to the mothers because of their holy and sacred task. The mothers bless the palace, cottage and poormans equally and make them colourful. Mothers carry out a great sacred responsibility of bringing up the children. In this world, which is full of evils and vices, a mother is a mark of guidance and protection.Mothers are the actual trainee of the children. Her affection enables the children to recognize divinity and obey command of Allah. A childs character depends directly upon the mothers.Behind every success of accomplishment of the great people is the hand of their mother. Due to the caring guidance which is given in a dedicated and caring manner, a mother can mold the character of a child in good shape.Mothers words are so sanctimonious that they are sure to accepted because they are strengthened by the worship of angles. So it is true that a mothers hand that brings up a child is the same that governs every sphere of life.Question and AnswersQ.1 Why does the poet compare mothers hands to a rainbow?Ans. The poet find resemblance between the mothers hands and a rainbow because rainbow is symbol of peace, pleasure and happiness. It indicates that the storm has passed and difficulties have gone. Similarly a mother is a symbol of pity and pleasure who creates a peaceful and coming atmosphere for the whole family.Q.2 What is guided by angles and how?Ans. The chestity and grace of mothers is guided by angles. No one can destroy the spirit of the true mothers because it is protected by the holy angles. They bring divine blessings to the mothers which help the mothers to struggle with the tediums of life.Q.3 Explain how the poet gives the credit for all great achievements of people to their mothers?Ans. The poet gives the credit for all great accomplishment of people to their mothers because all the great personalities are prominent in the world due to the careful bringing up to their mothers. Its only the result of mothers caring guidance and training that the world is passing with the periods of humanstary and great successes.Q.4 Describe the role of a mother?Ans. The role of a mother is to bring up and train the children. Mother is an actual guiding force for the children because due to her training a child can instigate a high moral character. Mother also infest in the children the spirit to know the difference between good and evil. A child is virtuous or his bad character depends upon the guidance of mother.Q.5 Why does the poet compare infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain?Ans. The poet compares infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain because childhood is just like a sophisticated and delicated fountain which can be led to any stage of life i.e. good or bad. It is only a mother who can guide a very young soil to his destination success it or failure.Q.6 What does it mean by Sunshine streamed or evil hurled.Ans. Sunshine is a symbol of goodness and virtue. This phrase means that the structure of a mans character depends mainly upon the mothers. If the training of mother is goo it mean that she has infested a high moral character in her children. But if the guidance is not good and childs character will prevail by evilness.Q.7 Why does the poet say that the prayers of mothers on earth mingles with that said in heaven?Ans. The poet says so because the prayers of a mothers are so sacred and holy that they are accompanied by the holy prayers of angle. So that, these prayers are enforced and strengthened. The words of mother keep a sanctimonious status to God, which cannot be neglected because they are also strengthened by the worship of angles.Q.8 Describe the poetic diction of William Ross Wallace?Ans.William Rose Wallace composed patriotic songs during the civil war which became popular. He was a friend of Edgar Allen Roe whom he resembled both in temperament and habits. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.Q.9 How can the mother keep the young heart open and for what?Ans. Mother has a very divine task to complete which starts right from the beginning of the childs life and continues till the end. She keeps the young heart open in such a way that the child can understand and accept the divine commands of Allah.

An African Village

CHAPTER 16Question and AnswersQ.1 How many independent countries are there in Africa and where is Nigeria?Ans. Africa is the second largest continent which consists of more than twenty five independent countries. Nigeria is one of the largest countries of Africa. It is in West Africa.Q.2 What is the bush area made up of and where do most Nigeria farmers live?Ans. The bush area is consisted of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of thick bush and grass. Most of the Nigerian farmers live in the villages and farm settlements in the bush area. They construct huts and live in those huts.Q.3 What is the centre of activities?Ans. The main centre of activities is the courtyard of house. Women cook food and work over there and children play there. They only use rooms for resting purposes.Q.4 What are their food crops and cash crops?Ans. The crop, which is edible and we use as food are called food crops. The main food crops of Nigeria are plantains, potatoes, yarns, ground nuts and pepper. The crop which is sold to other countries are called cash crops and the Nigerias cash crops include palm oil and cocoa.Q.5 Who tends the food crops and the cash crops?Ans. Food crops are usually tended by the women. Whereas, the cash crops are tended by men.Q.6 What is made from cocoa beans and yield from palm trees?Ans. From the fruit of cocoa tree, yield beans which are grounded into powder which forms chocolate. From the palm trees, palm oil is yield. When the oil from the trees is passed through the chemical processors, the palm oil is obtained in pure form.Q.7 Why was continent Africa called Dark Continent once?Ans. Continent Africa was called Dark Continent once because the habitats and civilizations of the people of this continent was not known to the world. Due to their backward living styles and old fashioned traits, this continent seems to be the dull part of this world.Q.8 Give a brief account of Nigeria?Ans. Nigeria is situated in West Africa and is one of the largest countries of Africa. Nigeria is basically an agricultural country. It is also a thickly populated country which comprises majority of farmers. A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest.Q.9 How is the life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer?Ans. The life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer in many ways. Their agricultural style is quite different from ours. They are not in the favour of keeping cattles because of the disease which unables them to use cattles in farming. Their daily routine of life also differs from Pakistani farmer.Q.10 Describe the changes that are coming or likely to come soon in the life of the bush dwellers in Nigeria.Ans. Many favourable changes are coming in the life of bush dwellers, which include the availability of transport and communication, health and education, food and water etc. Soon their life style will more develope because many more modern facilities are making their way in these villages.Q.11 Describe the life of a Nigerian farmer and his wife?Ans. The life a Nigerian villager is a model of hard work. From the rising of sun to the dark, they work in the fields and houses. Farmer usually does all the work related to agriculture and women do the household jobs including looking after the food crops.Q.12 Describe the building style of Nigerian farm.Ans. The building style of Nigerian farms consists of three styles. First style is a single roomed and simple but which is made from thick branches of trees. Other style is the cone shaped huts made from straw and whose roof is thatched grass, needs or palm trees. Last style is the two or three roomed huts made of wood or are plastered with mud.Q.13 Why can Nigerian farmer not rear cattle?Ans. Nigerian farmers are not interested in rearing cattles because of the major hazards for the cattles. Tse-Tse fly is the sign of dangers for them. On the other hand, it is also dangerous for human beings because it causes unconsciousness state which most of the time ends in death.Sentences1. Century: Computer is the most amazing invention of this century.2. Cultivate: Modern methods of agriculture are being used to cultivate the fields.3. Dense: Amazon forest is mainly covered with dense vegetation.4. Export: Rice is the major export of Pakistan.5. Scatter: The shelling of the police scatter the crowd.6. Things out: The market is thickly, crowded at the beginning but it things out at the end.Idioms1. To shed crocodile tears: to weep insincerely, or hypocriticallyExample:They were not all sorry when he died. They just sheded crocodile tears.Sentence:From the attitude of UN towards Kashmir issue, it seems that it is just shedding crocodile tears.2. To feel like first out of water: To feel out of placeExample:Being the only educated man in that village, I feel like a fish out of water there.Sentence:Aslam was the only member of Women rights association and felt like a fish out of water.3. To nip in the bud: To stop evil in the early stagesExample:The plot to overthrow the government was detected nd nipped in the bud.Sentence:he should not prevail the bad atmosphere in the society and try, to nip in the bud of crimes.4. To turn over a new leaf: To reform, to behave betterExample:The teacher pardoned the boy on the condition that he promised to turn over a new leaf.Sentence:The death of his parents turned over a new leaf in his life.Synonyms1. Coartyard Compound2. Link Join3. Dense Thick4. Explore Search5. Introduce Acquaint6. Century One Hundred7. Majority More than half8. Cultivate to grow9. Facility ConvenienceAntonyms1. Dense Thin2. Majority Minority3. Remote Near4. Major Minor5. Independent Dependent6. Interior Exterior7. Export ImportGrammar1. Complete the Following Sentences with Shall, Will, Should, Would:1. I think I shall go to the Karachi next week.2. You should not tell a lie.3. We shall fight to the last men.4. This office will remain open till midnight.5. I shall be grateful if you kindly grant me a pass.6. The train would have arrived now.7. Should our motherland need it, we will lay down our lives for it.8. You should respect your elders.9. Had you been there, it would never have happened.10. They should not violate any condition of this contract.2. Prepositions1. Please introduce me to your father.2. He is not acquainted with my parents.3. This machine is fitted with automatic control.4. You are not fit for this job.5. A round nail does not for into a square hole.6. He has passed the examination and is not looking for a job.7. The police are on the look out for the robbers.8. Look for the meaning of this world in the dictionary.9. He promised to look into this matter.10. We look up at you to solve our problems.3. Change into Passive Voice1. A road links his village to the town.Ans. His village is linked to the town by a road.2. A snake in the grass stung his barefoot.Ans. His barefoot was stung by a snake in the grass.3. He cannot rear any cattle on his farm.Ans. No cattle can be reared by him on his farm.4. Their father settled the dispute between the brothers.Ans. The dispute between the brothers was settled by their father.4. Change into Active Voice1.This lamp was lit by the servant.Ans. The servant lit this lamp.2. The soldier was ordered by the officer to report to him.Ans. The officer ordered the soldier to report to him.3. By whom was this blanket patched?Ans. Who patched this blanket?4. Was this land cultivated by the land owner himself?Ans. Did the Land owner cultivated the land himself?

King Bruce and the Spider

CHAPTER 17Central IdeaReferencethis poem is written by Eliza cook (1818-1889). Born in London, she was the youngest of seven children. She was entirely self-educated and wrote verses from the age of fourteen. Her first volume being published at seventeen. In 1849, she edited and published, Eliza Cooks Journal. Her work is simple and highly moral. In this poem, she teaches the reader what she always practiced in her own life to keep on trying and never to be discouraged.ThemeWhere there is a will, there is a way.orThe world is his who her patients and industry.Central IdeaThe central idea of this poem is that we should cultivate a strong will power and a hopeful attitude to life, be bold through thick and thin, counting no labour loss and our heart within than. Almighty creator will surely help us if we adopt such a coarse. As it is also said, The world is his who has patience and industry.SummaryThe poetess has expressed the true sense of life in this poem. Solution to the problems of life and key to the success are being preached in this poem in a dramatic style.This poem tells the story of the king Bruce of Scotland. Once he was defeated by the English men. He took refuge in a cave. Due to his repeated failures, he was very grieve. King Bruce mentally accepted his defeat from the English men.One day, he was pondering at the point of his defeat, he watched a spider who was try8ng to reach to her cobweb. Thread was the only pathway for the spider to reach her destination. Spider started her voyage with great anxiety and force. But the spider come down to the initial stage where it had started her journey. King Bruce was showing issurity on the foolish attempts to reach the destination that spider will not try again.However the spider succeeded in the 10th attempt to reach its cobweb. Afte the success to spider the King Bruce sounded in a optimistic order. All honour to those who tries persistently. King Bruce resoluted in heart to try once more in order to get the win over on his enemies. At last he succeeded.Question and AnswersQ.1 What lesson did the King learn from the spider?Ans. The persistent tries of spider gave a positive spin to the thoughts of King Bruce and taught him that we are to be persistent and bold to achieve our aim of life. Continuous struggle to the main aim always produces a favourable result. We should try hard without caring for the resistance and circumstances of life.Q.2. What do you know about King Bruce of Scotland?Ans. King Bruce of Scotland was a very generous and patriotic Emperor. Once he fight with the British Army who wants to make a British colony in Scotland, but he was defeated. As he wanted to defeat his enemy, thats why he made several attempts to get back his domain but he failed.Q.3 What do you know about King Bruce of Scotland?Ans. Eliza cook (1818-1889) was born in London. In 1849 she edited and published Eliza cooks Journal. Her work is simple and highly moral and she teaches the readers what she always practiced in her life; to keep on trying and never to be discouraged.Q.4 What is meant by poetess when she says that a great deed?Ans. The poetess has used the words a great hard for the King Bruce. He had been trying hard to protect his domain from the contaminated hands of enemy. As the protection of country keeps a very high rank among the mans priorities of life, thats why the poetess called it a great deed.Q.5 What resemblance, does the poetess find between the King Bruce and the Spider?Ans. The points of similarity between the King Bruce and the spider were that the aim was quite far away from both of them. Both of them were having a very slightest hope to achieve success i.e. the spider had a single thread to reach the cobweb and the King Bruce also had a very tiny hope to win over his enemies.Q.6 Why did the King Bruce or poetess call the spider Brave.Ans. The poetess call the spider brave because it was very persistent and tried hard to complete her task. Although she suffered several failures, but she did not show any grieverence on the disportual of its fate. It went on making attempt and at last its persistent tries put it into the cobweb.Idioms1.To put into practice: to carry out in deeds.Example:The soldiers put into practice the training they got in military school.Sentence:We should put into practice the spirit of patriotism for our country.2. A wild goose chose: An enterprise which will not succeed.Example:The old man ran after the boy but a wild goose chase him.Sentence:The coast guards ran after the criminals in their boats on a wild goose chase.3. To end in smoke: To have no result, to come to nothing.Example:Unless you preserve, your work will end in smoke.Sentence:The soldiers struggled hard to destroy the foes base but it ended in smoke.4. At a lost: Puzzled, not knowing what to do.Example:I misplaced the book and I was at a loss: how to manage it.Sentence:Someone stole by Physics book and I was at a loss ho to prepare for the Physics test.5. With flying colours: To emerge successfully from some difficult task.Example:Our team returned from the match with flying colours.Sentence:Pakistan succeeded in the 1965 war with flying colours.Inheritors

CHAPTER 18Question and AnswersQ.1 What property did the two brothers inherit from their father and what was the suggestions of Azam about the division of property?Ans. After the death of their father, their father inherited a cow, a date-palm, tree and a blanket equally. Azam, the elder brother suggested that the front part of cow, the upper part of the date-palm tree and the blanket from sunset till morning would belong to him. Where as Moazzam was alloted with the rear part of cow, the lower part of the tree and the blanket for the day time.Q.2 Why did Moazzam agree to the division?Ans. Moazzam was innocent and simple boy and agreed to the division because Azam had cunningly presented the useless part of the property as the better ones. Furthermore he believed that whatever his brother will divide, it will beneficial for both of them.Q.3 Who fed the cow and who got the milk? and why did Azam not give dates to Moazzam?Ans. According to the agreement between Azam and Moazzam, Moazzam was to feed the cow as the front part belonged to him and Azam got the milk as the rear part was his. Azam did not give the dates to Moazzam because the fruitful part of the tree belong to Azam.Q.4 How did Moazzam teach the lesson to his elder brother?Ans. After advising by an old man, Moazzam wisely foiled Azams tricks. When Azam was milking the cow he started hitting the cows head with a stick, when Azam was picking dates from the tree he started cutting the tree with an axe and when Azam took up blanket, he found it wet which was done by Moazzam. In this manner, Moazzam was able to teach the lesson to his brother.Q.5 What is the moral of the lesseon The Inheritors?Ans. The moral of the lesson is that falsehood have no ground bases to stand. We should be pragmatic in our dealings and we can answer cleverness by wisdom. We must obey our elders advice because their advice is as good as gold.Q.6 Give the character sketch of Moazzam?Ans. Moazzam was a very simple and trusting boy. He never hesitated in doing hard work. Obedience and innocence was also the part of Moazzams nature.Q.7 Give the character sketch of Azam?Ans.Azam was agreedy and selfish person. Being an elder, he had an ordering style. He was always in the favour of cunning and false hood. Laziness was also their in his character.Q.8 How did Azam cheat Moazzam?Ans. being selfish and clever, Azam took advantage of Moazzams simpliciity by taking every beneficial part of the inheritance. He fleeted milk of cow, fruit of the tree and blanket during night for himself and awarded Moazzam with useless and work needed parts of inheritance.Q.9 What was the effect of the old mans advice on Moazzam?Ans. The oldmans advice revealed the fact on Moazzam that he was being cheated by the cleverness of his elder brother. The old man made him realized that Azam was taking benefit of the inheritance. Being obedient, Azam accepted the advice of old man and answered the cleverness of his brother with his wisdom.Sentences1. Cheat: Aslam was cheated by Ikhlaq through his foolishness.2. Division: The plan for the division of sub-continent on 14th August 47 is known as 3rd June PLan.3. Guess: Ahmed could not guessed the mystery.4. Property: The property of former PM was captured by the Government because he was found indulge in crimes.5. Milk: I bought 5 litres of milk from the shop to make the milk shake.Fill in the Blanks1. Their mother had died in their childhood.2. His younger brother. Moazzam was simple and trusting.3. Azam the elder brother was very greedy and clever.4. Azam suggested that they should divide the propery left by their father.5. We shall just divide it verbally.6. Moazzam was delighted with the generosity of this elder brother.7. It shall be mine only from sunset to sunrise.8. Now moazzam would feed the cow and Azam would milk it.9. He did not offer even a single date to his younger brother.10. Moazzam was quite content with it.11. Azam enjoyed a deep sleep under the warm blanket.Grammar1. Nouns in Sentence1. Die : DeathHe has lost his balance of mind due to the death of his father.2. Advise : AdviceWe must obey our elders advice3. Divide: DivisionThe plan for the division of sub-continent on 14th August 1947 was presented by Lord Mountt Batten.4. Suggest: SuggestionHe did not accept any suggestion about his matter and suffered a heavy loss.5. Agree: AgreementAn agreement of undertaking was signed between Pakistan and America on the basis of Kashmir.6. Feed : FoodProper food is not available in our remote villages .2.Nouns1. Clever Cleverness2. Greedy Greedy3. Generous Generosity4. Stupid Stupidity5. Innocent Innocence6. Simple Simplicity7. Young Youth3. Prepositions1. He is fond of reading books.2. Najma is not interested in games.3. Ajmal is good at mathematics.4. He is not fit for this job.5. The baby is crying for its mother.6. The nurse looks after the patient.7. The patient has been cured of his disease.8. He has given up smoking.9. I am used to taking tea without sugar.10. We should be proud of our country.4. Change into Passive Voice1. The old man advised Moazzam.Ans. Moazzam was advised by the old man.2. Moazzam fed and looked after the cow.Ans. The cow was fed and looked after by Moazzam.CasabiancaCHAPTER 19Central IdeaReferenceThis poem is written by Felicia Dorethea Hemans (1973-1835). She was born at Liverpool, but the family moved to Wales where she was brought up. She was quick in mind and had a fine memory. As a poet, she has been compared to Long fellow. Like Couper, she loved the pathetic, and there is great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in her work. She also stressed moral values.ThemeA man of courage is full of faith.orPatriotism is a great virtue that makes people forgive their selfness.Central IdeaThe central idea of this poem is the the noble characteristics like chivalirism, obedience and morality demand the impossible, the obsolite and the death which itself transfigured into eternal life. Deep-rooted faithfulness is majestic and unmatched which makes a man rise above all personal affiliation.SummaryThis poem is written by an English poetess Felicia Dorothea Hemans.Casabianca is not purely fictitous story. It is a story of brave and innocent boy. The poetess has depicted a scene of sea battle. Where a ship is own ablaze with casabiance standing on the deck. During the battle when every part of ship was gutted with fire, most of the crew members had died and the live ones had runaway to save their lives. But casabianca kept standing, fearless of fire and enemys shelling where he was in obedience of his fathers order who was the captain of the ship.When the ship was burning with fire, Casabiancas impatient nature made him ask the permission to leave the battle field but there was no reply as his father was dead.In the last three stanzas, the poetess has described the scene of casabiancas death when the flames of fire engulfed him, the ship was also blasted and his body blown to bites. But in reality his spirit and moral was not defeated. Till his last breath, he stood like rock facing death and danger.Question and AnswersQ.1 Write a short note on Casabianca?Ans. Casabianca was a young and brave soldier of his country. He was a born hero and has a very strong, composed and pleasant personality. Dutifulness and obedience were his making characteristics and he was proud of fighting for his country.Q.2 What do you know about a battleship from this poem?Ans. As the poem was written in the 19th century, in these days ships made from wood. There were different parts like most, helm, pennon fair etc. Moreover they also used, cannon balls for destruction purposes.Q.3 How has the Felicia Dorothea Hemans been compared to other poets?Ans. Felicia Dorothea Hemans has been compared to Henry Long Fellow and Couper. She had the same pathetic and there is a great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in her work like the other poets. She also stressed moral values.Q.4 What does the poetess mean by saying that Lone Post of Death?Ans. The poetess is describing the death scene of Casabianca through the phrase. It means that when the fire was near to engulf him and his death time had arrived, than he was all alone on the battleship. He had a desperation about his father, future i.e. about winning over the battle.Q.5 Why does the poetess call the Casabianca A Gallant Child?Ans. The poetess calls the Casabianca a gallant child because he stood like a rock, fairless of the fire, the enemys shelling and his despair in the moments of death and danger. When his body blown into bites i.e. he was defeated by the death, but actually his spirit was not overpowered and he remained as a brave and valiant soldier.

The Khyber Pass

CHAPTER 20Question and AnswersQ.1 What is the Khyber Pass? How long it is ? Where do we go through the Pass?Ans. Khyber Pass is one of the most famous pass which is a narrow mountain valley. It is about fifty kilometres long. From Khyber Pass we can go to Afghanistan and on the other side is the famous city of Peshawar.Q.2 When did Aryans cross it and how many times did Mahmood Ghaznavi cross it and