English - Modal Verbs II

8/14/2019 English - Modal Verbs II

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MODAL VERBSMODAL VERBS



CharacteristicsCharacteristics

They are INCOMPLETE VERBS. They They are INCOMPLETE VERBS. They dondon’’t have all the tenses. There is not pastt have all the tenses. There is not pastparticiple, so there is not passive. They useparticiple, so there is not passive. They use

other verbs to complete the tenses.other verbs to complete the tenses.-- CAN is completed with BE ABLE TOCAN is completed with BE ABLE TO

““ They can play the piano. They can play the piano.””

““ They will be able to play the piano in the future. They will be able to play the piano in the future.””-- MUST is completed with HAVE TOMUST is completed with HAVE TO

““ You must come early. You must come early.””““ You had to come early yesterday. You had to come early yesterday.””



They don They don’’t havet have – – s in third person singular of s in third person singular of

the present simplethe present simple“ “ He can open the door He can open the door ” ”

“ “ She must come early She must come early ” ”



T They are followed by an infinitive withouthey are followed by an infinitive without 'to''to' ininmost cases.most cases.

BUT:BUT:

NEED takes 'to' when expressing absence of NEED takes 'to' when expressing absence of obligation in the negative:obligation in the negative:

You You do not need do not need to to stay if you don't want to.stay if you don't want to.

OUGHT TOOUGHT TO is a special case and you must learnis a special case and you must learn

it like that. It expresses convenience.it like that. It expresses convenience.Ex: You ought to study more more if you want toEx: You ought to study more more if you want to

pass the exam.pass the exam.



They don They don’’t need auxiliary verb in thet need auxiliary verb in the

interrogative or negative forminterrogative or negative form“ “ Can I help you? Can I help you? ” ”

“ “ We shouldn We shouldn ’ ’ t go to the toilet t go to the toilet ” ”



Would you like a Would you like adrink?drink?

WOULD WOULD

You had better You had bettersleep more.sleep more.

HADHADBETTER BETTER

You should see it. You should see it.ItIt’’s excellent.s excellent.

SHOULD /SHOULD /

OUGHT TOOUGHT TO

I have to study I have to study

tonight.tonight.

HAVE TOHAVE TO

You must leave You must leavebefore the clock before the clock strikes twelve.strikes twelve.

She must be his sisterShe must be his sisterbecause they look alike.because they look alike.

MUSTMUST

May I leave theMay I leave thetable?table?It may rain tomoroww It may rain tomoroww MAY MAY

Could I see yourCould I see yourpassport please, sir?passport please, sir?

I could already readI could already read when I was two when I was two

It could rin tomorrow It could rin tomorrow COULDCOULD

If the bus doesnIf the bus doesn’’t arrivet arrivesoon, we may not seesoon, we may not seethe start of the filmthe start of the film

MAY NOTMAY NOTMIGHT NOTMIGHT NOT

It might rain tomorrow It might rain tomorrow MIGHTMIGHT

Can I borrow theCan I borrow thecar? No, I cancar? No, I can’’t.t.

I canI can’’t speak t speak GermanGerman

She canShe can’’t be his mum.t be his mum.SheShe ‘‘s too young s too young

CANCAN’’ T T

Can I go outCan I go outtonight?tonight?

I can play the pianoI can play the pianoCANCAN

OFFERSOFFERS

OBLIGATION/OBLIGATION/

ADVICE ADVICEPERMISSIONPERMISSION ABILITY ABILITY

PROBABILITY/PROBABILITY/

POSSIBILITY POSSIBILITY



MODALES PERFECTOSMODALES PERFECTOS

Son modales que se refieren siempre a accionesSon modales que se refieren siempre a acciones

ocurridas en el pasado.ocurridas en el pasado.

FORMACIFORMACIÓÓN:N:MODAL + HAVE + PARTICIPIO PASADOMODAL + HAVE + PARTICIPIO PASADO

Ejemplos:Ejemplos:

It It must must have have been been a a difficult difficult decision decision

They They should should have have invited invited her her toto their their wedding wedding



You You needn needn ’ ’ t have brought t have brought anything to my party.anything to my party.No habNo habíía necesidad de hacer loa necesidad de hacer loque se hizo en el pasadoque se hizo en el pasadoNEEDNNEEDN’’ T HAVE + P.P. T HAVE + P.P.

He He shouldn shouldn ’ ’ t have forgotten t have forgotten

about her birthday about her birthday CrCríítica sobre un acontecimientotica sobre un acontecimientopasado que no deberpasado que no deberíía habera haberocurridoocurrido

SHOULDNSHOULDN’’ T HAVE + T HAVE +P.P.P.P.

You You should / ought to have should / ought to have

warned warned me earlier me earlier Queja de que algo haya ocurridoQueja de que algo haya ocurridoen el pasado o lamento de queen el pasado o lamento de queno se haya cumplido lo queno se haya cumplido lo que

esperesperáábamosbamos

SHOULD / OUHT TOSHOULD / OUHT TOHAVE + P.P.HAVE + P.P.

I I would have gone would have gone to the to the

party, but I was too busy party, but I was too busy Quiso haber hecho algo, peroQuiso haber hecho algo, perono pudo hacerlo por causasno pudo hacerlo por causasexternasexternas

WOULD HAVE + P.P. WOULD HAVE + P.P.

He He couldn couldn ’ ’ t have gone t have gone to the to the

concert because he was doing a test concert because he was doing a test Certeza de que algo no pudoCerteza de que algo no pudohaber sucedidohaber sucedido

COULDNCOULDN’’ T HAVE + P.P. T HAVE + P.P.

You You could have asked could have asked the the

doctor before taking that medicine doctor before taking that medicine

Habilidad de haber hecho algoHabilidad de haber hecho algo

pero finalmente no lo hizopero finalmente no lo hizo

COULD HAVE + P.P.COULD HAVE + P.P.

She She may / might have taken may / might have taken

the wrong bus.the wrong bus.Una suposiciUna suposicióón sobre algon sobre algopasadopasado

MAY / MIGHT HAVE +MAY / MIGHT HAVE +P.P.P.P.

Linda has arrived late. She Linda has arrived late. She must must

have been have been in a traffic jam in a traffic jam

ConclusiConclusióón ln lóógica sobre ungica sobre un

hecho del pasadohecho del pasado

MUST HAVE + P.P.MUST HAVE + P.P.

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES USESUSESMODAL PERFECTMODAL PERFECT

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English - Modal Verbs II