English Lesson Opt

7/31/2019 English Lesson Opt

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Do you use a different way to makea request depending on whether youare speaking to a friend or a teacher?


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Do you use a different way to makea request depending on whether youare speaking to a friend or a teacher?

I certainly do. While talking to myteacher, in order to show my goodmanners, I would use more indirect

and polite words and expressions.But with a friend, Id use more directwords or expressions for sure.


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What factors affect the way youmake a request?


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What factors affect the way youmake a request?

One factor is the age differencebetween me and the person Im talkingto. With my elders, I use more politeand formal language to make a request,

but Im more direct and informal withmy friends. Another factor is theweight of the favor.


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If I need to borrow some money

from a friend or ask a special favor, Illuse more polite expressions. But if Ijust want to borrow a pen or somethingnot so important, I will make a direct

and informal request.


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In everyday interactions, we oftenneed other peoples help, and when we do,

it is important to know the correct way to

ask for it. Making a request properly willnot only determine whether we actuallyobtain the help we need, but,

more importantly, affect theattitude that people havetoward us.


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Making requests, in other words,involves an understanding of etiquette

or politeness. In making requests in English,

it is necessary to learn not only certainwords and expressions, but also how to usethem appropriately.First of all, the way you

ask will depend on the social distancebetween yourself and the other person.


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For instance, if you are asking ateacher for help, you will probably use

more indirect and more formal words thanif you are asking a close friend or relative.Second, the language you usewill depend on the weight ofthe favor.


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If you are making a special requestfrom even a close friend, say to borrow

several thousand dollars, you will probablyuse more polite language than if you aremerely asking to borrow a pen.


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Even with these guidelines, it cansometimes be hard to know how to

make a request, especially in stickysituations. For instance, if you want astranger to keep quiet in a movie theater,you might want to give him a directcommand rather than make a request inorder to show howannoyed you are.


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However, even in this case, you willprobably get better results if you ask him

to quiet down in a polite andconsiderateway.

The most polite requests generally

use the expression Would you mind...?or Do you mind...? For example:


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1. Would you mind if I borrow(ed) yourelectronic dictionary?

Would you mind lending me this book?Do you mind if I turn the radio off?Do you mindturning the TV down?


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Requests that areslightly less

formal, but still indirect and polite, begin

with Would you, Could you, or Canyou. Please can be added foradditional politeness. Notice that

these requests are still in the formof a question.


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2. Would you (please) speak more quietly?

Could you speak more loudly, (please)?

Can you (please) speak moreslowly?


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If you want to be more direct, youcan make your request in the form of an

imperative sentence rather than aquestion. In this case, you can retain asense of politeness by adding the

word please.


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3. Please put the books on thetable over there.

If you want to give an order, or a

direct command, then you candelete theplease.

Put the books over there, please.


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The following are most often usedwhen someone isimpatient or

irritated:

4. Sit down, would you? I cant see the

television!Sit down! I cant see!


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DIALOGUES

1. Katherineasks a favor ofher uncle,who owns a computer store.

Katherine: Excuse me, Uncle Joe,

can I ask you a favor?

Uncle Joe: What is it?


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Katherine:you mind helping me set up anew program on my computer?I cant figure out how to do it.

Uncle Joe: Sure, but can you wait until

tomorrow evening?Katherine: Of course.

I know youre busy, but would


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Uncle Joe: O.K., Illstop by tomorrow

about seven.Katherine: Thanks so much! I reallyappreciate your help.


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2. Marge, asupervisorat Burger King,is talking to theemployees.

Marge: Excuse me, Ben, could you goclean up those tables over there?

Ben: Sure, but would you mind waiting a

few minutes? A man just spilledhis drink in front of the counter,and I need to mop it up.


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Marge: Thats all right. Ill ask Frank....

Frank, clean up those tables overthere, please.

Frank: O.K.! No problem!


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3. Richard is talking to his classmateWinnie.

Richard: Gee, I dont suppose you couldloanme a hundred dollars, could

you? I forgot to bring my

wallet to school today.


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Winnie: Gosh, I dont have much money

myself today. Its the end of the

week, and my mom hasnt

given me my allowance yet.Richard:

then, so I can take the bus home?

Winnie: Sure.Here you go.Richard:

Winnie: Dont worry about it!

Could you lend me just 30 dollars

Thanks! Ill pay you back tomorrow.


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4. Allen is watching TV when his mothercomes into the room.

Mother: Grandma is here to visit, and shehas a big suitcase to bringupstairs. She needs some help.

Allen: O.K., just a minute....Mother: Allen, did you hear me?Please go help your grandma.


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Allen: All right.... I will...in a minute.Mother: Get up right now, would you? Go

help your grandmother! Thats an

order!Allen: O.K.! O.K.! Sorry!


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5. Pauline and Robert are in a restaurantsitting in the non-smoking section when

a man at the next table lights up acigarette.

Pauline: Can you believe that? He is

totally ignoring the no-smokingsign.


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Robert: Yeah, and it smells terrible. Wereally should just tell him toputthat thingout.

Pauline: I know, but I dont think Ihave the guts to tell him.

Why dont we ask the waitress?

Robert: Good idea... Excuse me, miss.Waitress: Yes, can I get you something?


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Robert: Im sorry, but would you mindasking that man not to smoke?We can barely breathe.

Waitress: Ill see what I can do. (Walksover to the smoker) Excuse me,sir. Imawfullysorry, but Im

afraid this is a non-smokingsection. If youd like, I canmove you to another table.


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Smoker: Oh, Im sorry. I completely

forgot! Ill put it out right away.Waitress: Thank you.Pauline and Robert: Thank you!


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6. Don asks for some help from hiscolleagueFrank.

Don: Say, Frank, do you think you couldhelp me get thisprojectorset upfor the meeting this morning?

Frank: I wish I could, Don, but Ive got tofinish up this report before 9:30. Ihavent got a minute to spare.


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Don: Oh, O.K. Sorry to bother you.Frank: No problem. Maybe you could ask

Richard. I think hes free thismorning.

Don: Thats all right. I guess I can manage

it myself.


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determine[d0't"m0n] v. [T, I]

to decide; to control or influence directly

They have determined that the

conference will be held as scheduled.


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obtain[Db'ten] v. [T]

to get

I obtained a very clear result with these

experiments.


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involve[0n'vAlv] v. [T]

to make necessary; to include (someone orsomething) in something

An accurate analysis involves intensivestudy.


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command[kD'm$nd] n. [C, U]

an order

Did he give a command to tear down

the wall?


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annoyed[D'nC0d] adj.

angry

She was very annoyed with me

because I hadnt told her about it earlier.


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considerate[kDn's0dDr0t] adj.

caring about the feelings of other people

It was considerate of you to treat him

that way.


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slightly['sla0tl0] adv.

to some degree

This jacket is slightly more expensive

than the red one.


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additional[D'd0NDn9] adj.

extra; further

Will there be an extra charge for

additional passengers?


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imperative[0m'pGrDt0v] adj.

(in grammar) expressing a command

Please come over here, Henry is an

imperative sentence.


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retain[r0'ten] v. [T]

to keep

He managed to retain control of the car

on the icy road.


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sense[sGns] n. [C, U]

feeling

My brother has a good sense of

direction. He seldom gets lost.


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delete[d0'lit] v. [T, I]

to cross out

Miss Lin asked me to delete some

words from my composition.


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impatient[0m'peNDnt] adj.

annoyedpatient

He became impatient because he had

waited a long time without anyonepaying attention to him.


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irritated['0rD`tet0d] adj.

feeling annoyed and impatient

She got irritated at his impolite

behavior.


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supervisor['supQ`va0zQ] n. [C]

a person who watches over work to see thatit is done properly

Bob got a full-time job as a supervisorat that furniture factory.


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spill[sp0l] v. [T, I]

to accidentally pour liquid out of a

container

Im sorry I spilled some coffee on the

carpet.

Its no use crying overspilt milk.


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loan[lon] v. [T]

to lend

Martha, could you loan me your camera?

I need to take some pictures.


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totally['tot90] adv.

very, completely

Her opinion was totally different from

the others.


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awfully['Cf90] adv.

(informal) very

Im awfully sorry that I caused you so

much trouble.


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colleague['kAlig] n. [C]

a person whom one works with

Tom and I have been colleagues for

years. I enjoy working with him.


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spare[spGr] v. [T]

to give (time, money, or space) to someone

Can you spare me a few minutes? I

need to discuss this matter with you.


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merely['m0rl0] adv.

only; simply


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sticky['st0k0] adj.

(informal) difficult; awkward


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employee[0m'plC0-i] n. [C]

a person who works for someone or somecompany


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guts[gKts] n.

(informal) courage


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projector[prD'dIGktQ] n. [C]

a device for showing films or images on ascreen


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first of all

before anything else

First of all, lets settle on the day for themeeting.


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turn down (a radio, a TV set)

to reduce the amount of sound

Would you please turn down the radio?You might wake up the baby.


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ask a favor of (someone)

ask (someone) for help

She called to ask a favor of me lastnight.


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stop by

to make a short visit to a person or place

Ill stop by the grocery store to getsome sugar and flour.


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Here you go.

Here you are.

Sam, would you lend me yournotebook? Sure. Here you go.


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put out (a cigarette)

to make a cigarette stop burning

This is a non-smoking area. Please putout your cigarette.


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determined[d0't"m0nd] adj.

He was determined to do what hewanted to do.


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determination[d0`t"mD'neNDn] n. [U]

They carried out the plan withdetermination.


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involved[0n'vAlvd] adj.

The police believed that the four menwere all involved in the murder.


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involvement[0n'vAlvmDnt] n. [U, C]

Youd better avoid involvement in their

family affairs.


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commandv. [T, I]

The captain commanded his men to fire.


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annoy[D'nC0] v. [T]

What annoyed us was his indifferenceto our request.


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consider[kDn's0dQ] v. [T]

John is considering buying a new car.


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consideration[kDn`s0dD'reNDn] n. [U]

Did you take this factor intoconsideration when you made the

decision?


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slight[sla0t] adj.

I havent the slightest idea what he istalking about.


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add[$d] v. [T, I]

Add a little salt to the soup, please.


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addition[D'd0NDn] n. [U, C]

In addition to a microwave oven, wealso need a new stove.


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supervise['supQ`va0z] v. [T]

One of my jobs is supervising theworkers in this department.


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supervision[`supQ'v0IDn] n. [U]

Students are not allowed to operate themachines unless they are under the

supervision of a teacher.


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spilln. [C]

Theyre trying to clean up the massive

oil spill on the ocean.


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loann. [C, U]

These paintings by Monet are on loanfrom a museum in France.


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total['tot9] adj.

The total cost of the trip was onlyNT$5,000.


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awful['Cf9] adj.

The food they served at that restaurantwas awful.

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