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Englishlanguage
influences on other languages
How?The English language influences how people speak all around the world. This happens in three main ways:
Adoption -English as a second language.
Lexical - Borrowing of words and expressions.
Structural - Intermingling of structure as well as
vocabulary
Adoption
The English language... • is taught in schools worldwide.• is used as the language of communication between
native speakers of other languages.• is still an official language in many other countries.
Features of ESL: • Accent fluidity• Phonetic inaccuracy• Over-application of target language features
Lexical
Many languages contain words borrowed from English. • Some are straightforward borrows and look almost the same.• Some are adapted to closer fit the spelling, grammar and pronunciation scheme of the receiving language.
Can you think of any examples from Swedish?• Direktlån shit! wow! • Direktöversättning bakslag – backlash, blandare - mixer. • Vetenskaplig samdefinition stroke (istället för hjärnblödning). • Ny företeelse Internet, e-mail, och fax. • Försvenskning tajta, slimmad (svensk staving, Grammatik)
Lånord som lånats rakt av från engelska kallas anglicismer.
Pidgins & Creoles
The language of the conqueror is not the language of the conquered, but they need to communicate. Orders are given in simple language, basic words begin to be understood, the native language is mixed in… …a pidgin is born.
The children of the conquered grow up learning the pidgin as their first language. They expand the rules of the language and create a grammar… …a creole is born.
Pidgin: simplified mixture of two or more languagesCreole: mixture of languages which has a complex grammatical structure and is the first language of a group.
as bagarapgat belhaphaus haus monihaus sik hevi hukim pis maus gras numba wan Jesus man olgeta sapos sit solwara stapmeri
bottom, cause, beginning (from "ass"/"arse"). broken, to break down (from "bugger up”)pregnant (lit. "has belly"; pasin bilong givim bel = fertility)a piece of, as in "hap diwai" = a piece of wood. (from "half”)housebank (from "house money")hospital (from "house sick")heavy, problem. "Em i gat bigpela hevi" = "he has a big problem".to catch fish (from "hook")moustache (lit: "mouth grass”)Popeall (from "all together")if (from "suppose")remnant (from "shit")ocean (from "salt water")be, live, stay (from "stop”) woman (from the English name "Mary"). Also means female, e.g. "Bulmakau meri" (lit. "bull cow female") = cow
Tok Pisin person Singular Plural
1st mi I, me
mipela we
2nd yu you yupela you (all)
3rd em he, she, it
ol they, them
English sound
Tok Pisin sound
k, g k
f, p p
sh, s s
Add “im” to present tense verb before object.Add “bai” before past tense verb.Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning.
LukKatTokLaikWok
Look/seeCutTalkLikeWalk
Verbs
GrasHetFes
GrassHeadFace
Nouns
bilong
long
belong, also shows ownership.
All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”.
Prepositions
Tok Pisin person Singular Plural
1st mi I, me
mipela we
2nd yu you yupela you (all)
3rd em he, she, it
ol they, them
English sound
Tok Pisin sound
k, g k
f, p p
sh, s s
Add “im” to present tense verb before object.Add “bai” before past tense verb.Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning.
LukKatTokLaikWok
Look/seeCutTalkLikeWalk
Verbs
GrasHetFes
GrassHeadFace
Nouns
bilong
long
belong, also shows ownership.
All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”.
Prepositions
1.Mi laiklaik yu.
Translate!
Tok Pisin person Singular Plural
1st mi I, me
mipela we
2nd yu you yupela you (all)
3rd em he, she, it
ol they, them
English sound
Tok Pisin sound
k, g k
f, p p
sh, s s
Add “im” to present tense verb before object.Add “bai” before past tense verb.Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning.
LukKatTokLaikWok
Look/seeCutTalkLikeWalk
Verbs
GrasHetFes
GrassHeadFace
Nouns
bilong
long
belong, also shows ownership.
All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”.
Prepositions
2. Mi lukim tri pik.
Translate!
Tok Pisin person Singular Plural
1st mi I, me
mipela we
2nd yu you yupela you (all)
3rd em he, she, it
ol they, them
English sound
Tok Pisin sound
k, g k
f, p p
sh, s s
Add “im” to present tense verb before object.Add “bai” before past tense verb.Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning.
LukKatTokLaikWok
Look/seeCutTalkLikeWalk
Verbs
GrasHetFes
GrassHeadFace
Nouns
bilong
long
belong, also shows ownership.
All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”.
Prepositions
3. Ol tok sit.
Translate!
Tok Pisin person Singular Plural
1st mi I, me
mipela we
2nd yu you yupela you (all)
3rd em he, she, it
ol they, them
English sound
Tok Pisin sound
k, g k
f, p p
sh, s s
Add “im” to present tense verb before object.Add “bai” before past tense verb.Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning.
LukKatTokLaikWok
Look/seeCutTalkLikeWalk
Verbs
GrasHetFes
GrassHeadFace
Nouns
bilong
long
belong, also shows ownership.
All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”.
Prepositions
4. Em lukluk long mi.
Translate!
Tok Pisin person Singular Plural
1st mi I, me
mipela we
2nd yu you yupela you (all)
3rd em he, she, it
ol they, them
English sound
Tok Pisin sound
k, g k
f, p p
sh, s s
Add “im” to present tense verb before object.Add “bai” before past tense verb.Repeat root to ‘increase’ meaning.
LukKatTokLaikWok
Look/seeCutTalkLikeWalk
Verbs
GrasHetFes
GrassHeadFace
Nouns
bilong
long
belong, also shows ownership.
All other preps. Can also mean “long, tall”.
Prepositions
5. Mi wok long taim tumora.
Translate!
Papa bilong mipela Yu stap long heven. Nem bilong yu i mas i stap holi. Kingdom bilong yu i mas i kam. Strongim mipela long bihainim laik bilong yu long graun, olsem ol i bihainim long heven. Givim mipela kaikai inap long tude. Pogivim rong bilong mipela, olsem mipela i pogivim ol arapela i mekim rong long mipela. Sambai long mipela long taim bilong traim. Na rausim olgeta samting nogut long mipela. Kingdom na strong na glori, em i bilong yu tasol oltaim oltaim. Tru.
Papa - father bilong - genitive indicator (belong) mipela - we/us (we fellows) yu - you stap - stop/stay/remain long - (all prepositions) heven - heaven nem - name mas - imperative indicator (must) holi - holy kingdom - kingdom kam - come strong - power -im - (transitive indicator) strongim - promote/cause bihainim - follow ('behind' as tr verb) laik - will/want/like graun - earth/ground/world olsem - as ol - they (all) givim - give (tr)
kaikai - food inap - sufficient (enough) tude - today pogivim - forgive (tr) rong - sins arapela - others (other fellows) mekim - commit/do, make (tr) sambai - guard taim - time traim - trial/temptation na - and rausim - take out/put out olgeta samting - everything (altogether something) nogut - evil (not good) glori - glory em - he/she/it tasol - only (that's all) oltaim - ever (all time) tru - indeed.
