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Be - Present Tense
Subject + verb
Singular Plural
I am We are
You are You are
He is
She is
It is
They are
The verb "be" is the most important verb to learn in English. It's also the most complicated. In
the present tense it has three forms: am, is, are. In the past tense, it has two
forms: was and were. The verb "be" is also used to make the passive voice.
Be - Present Tense Negative
Subject + (be) + not
Singular Plural
I am not We are not
You are not You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
They are not
contractions:
I am not
I'm not
We are not
We aren't
We're not
You are not
You aren't
You're not
You are not
You aren't
You're not
He is not
He isn't
He's not
She is not
She isn't
She's not
It is not
It isn't
It's not
They are not
They aren't
They're not
Bad English, but often used, is ain't
I ain't We ain't
You ain't You ain't
He ain't
She ain't
It ain't
They ain't
"Ain't" is not good English; however, many
Americans use it, especially young people.
Be - Present Tense
Questions
(Be) + Subject + ____?
Singular Plural
Am I.... Are we...
Are you... Are you....
Is he....
Is she...
Is it.....
Are they....
Nouns represent people, places, things, activities, emotions, and ideas
Pronouns represent nouns: I, you, he, she, it, we,
and they are....
Subject Pronouns
Singular Plural
I We
You You
He
They She
It
There are also....
Object Prdonouns
Singular Plural
me us
you you
him
them her
It
Lesson Five
this / that / these / those
This
A thing or a person is close
This = singular
That
A thing or a person is far
That = singular
These
Things or people are close
These = plural
Those
Things or people are far
Those = plural
"There" is used for information and facts. Sometimes "there" is singular, and sometimes
"there" is plural.
Lesson Seven
The Present Tense
Singular Plural
I learn We learn
You learn You learn
He learns
She learns
It learns
They learn
The Present Tense describes the things you do every day. Note the use of an "s" at the end of
the verb when describing a man, a woman, or a thing.
Do not confuse the present tense with the simple form.
Present Tense - Negative
do + not + verb
Singular Plural
I do not work We do not work
You do not work You do not work
He does not work
They do not work She does not work
It does not work
Contractions:
do + not = don't
does + not = doesn't
Singular Plural
I don't work We don't work
You don't work You don't work
He doesn't work
They don't work She doesn't work
It doesn't work
Lesson Eight
The Present Continuous Tense
S + (be) + _____ing
Singular Plural
I am learning We are learning
You are learning You are learning
He is learning
She is learning
It is learning
They are learning
The Present Continuous Tense usually describes things that are happening now, but it can also
be used to describe important things in your life, and future activity.
Do not confuse the present continuous tense with the "going to" future or with gerunds.
Contraction: Subject + (be). Example: He + is = He's
Lesson Eight, Part II
Questions in the Present Continuous Tense
(Be) + S + _____ing
Singular Plural
Am I learning? Are we learning?
Are you learning? Are you learning?
Is he learning?
Is she learning?
Is it learning?
Are they learning?
Lesson Nine
Have (present tense)
S + has / have
Singular Plural
I have We have
You have You have
He has
She has
It has
They have
"Have" is usually used for ownership, ability, or for a description....
• I have a new car.
• They have time to go to the movies.
• She has brown eyes.
• He has a beard.
...but the word "have" is also a very popular substitute for the words "eat" and "drink."
• She has cereal and coffee for breakfast every morning.
Have is also an important helping verb: I have lived in Minnesota for three years. In this
example, (have) + (past participle) make the present perfect tense.
Note: To make "have" negative in the present tense,
use don't or doesn't + have.
Correct: He doesn't have any money. / I don't have any
money.
Incorrect: He hasn't any money. (but okay in British
English)
Have - Present Tense (negative with contraction)
Singular Plural
I don't have.... We don't have...
You don't have... You don't have...
He doesn't have...
They don't have... She doesn't have...
It doesn't have...
Lesson Ten
Articles
A / An / The
Singular Plural
a / an the
the ---
Articles are used in front of Nouns.
"A" or "An" are always singular.
"The" is singular or plural.
Some plural nouns don't use an article.
When using articles, it's important to also know the
difference between count and noncount nouns.
count nouns use singular
and plural verbs andpronouns:
noncount nouns use only
singular verbs andpronouns:
There is an apple. (singular)
There are some apples. (plural)
There is some fruit. (singular
verb)
I like that chair. ("that" is singular).
She likes those chairs. ("those" is plural)
I like that furniture.
I like those furniture. (no!)
A car is an expensive thing to own.
Cars are an expensive form of
transportation.
Traffic was heavy today.
(singular verb)
Apples taste good Fruit tastes good.
Digital cameras make photography
easy. They are fun to use.
TV stations have a lot of video
equipment. It is expensive.
The camera is very nice. The equipment are nice. (no!)
Asking questions for an amount or a number:
Count Nouns Noncount Nouns
How many chairs
are there?
How many chairs are
there?
How much furniture is
there?
There is one chair
There are two chairs
There is a lot of furniture
How manycameras
are there?
How many cameras
are there?
How much equipment is
there?
There's one
camera
There are four
cameras
There's a lot of video
equipment
Only count nouns can take a number:
There is one camera. There are four cameras.
Noncount nouns don't use numbers:
There is some equipment. There is a lot of
equipment.
Knowing the difference between count and
noncount nouns will make your English sound
much better. Below are words and phrases
that can be used with count and noncount
nouns. As you continue through the next
levels, you will probably need to come back to
this page.
count nouns noncount nouns
a (singular) -- (no article)
the (singular and plural) the
some some
a lot of a lot of
many (large numbers) much (large numbers)
a few (3 to 4) a little (small number)
few (a very small number) little (a very small number)
fewer (comparative) less (comparative)
fewest (superlative) least (superlative)
not many (a small number) not much (a small number)
not any (zero) not any (zero)
Lesson Twenty-Three
can / can't
singular plural
I can ______ We can ______
You can ______ You can ______
He can ______
She can ______ They can ______
It can ______
After the modal verb "can," the main verbis in the
simple form. What's the simple form? Click
here to learn.
I can help you.
She can go to the movies.
They can do many things with their hands.
subject modal verb main verb
I can help
She can go
They can do
the simple form
for verbs in English:
helping verbs simple past past
participle
do
does
did
will
live lived lived
work worked worked
want wanted wanted
study studied studied
can go went gone
see saw seen
do did done
have had had
eat ate eaten
Helping verbs are used with the simple form to make questions:
Do you live in the United States?
Did you go to the store today?
When will we have dinner?
What did you eat for breakfast?
Helping verbs are used with the simple form to make negative statements:
He doesn't want any brocolli.
She didn't do her homework.
I can't see the menu.
We won't have enough time to finish.
The simple form is also known as "the base form" or "the infinitive."
Lesson Twenty-Four, Part 1
have to
singular plural
I have to _____ We have to ____
You have to____ You have to ____
He has to ____
She has to ____
It has to ____
They have to ____
(These sentences are in the present tense.)
"have to" = necessary, important
After "have to" use the simple form of the verb.
To make "have to" negative:
do + not + have to + main verb
Singular Plural
I don't have to _____ We don't have to ____
You don't have to _____ You don't have to ____
He doesn't have to _____
They don't have to _____ She doesn't have to _____
It doesn't have to _____
We don't have to be there until 8:00.
She doesn't have to do the dishes tonight.
They don't have to clean their house.
Lesson Twenty-Four, Part 2
making questions with "have to"
Present Tense
singular plural
Do I have to _____ Do we have to ____
Do you have to____ Do you have to ____
Does he have to ____
Does she have to ____
Does it have to ____
Do they have to ____
• A: What do you have to do today?
• B: I have to go to work.
• What does she have to do today?
• She has to get some groceries.
It's very important to notice that the only part of the question that changes is the helping verb
when making a question. The main verb and "have to" remain in the simple form.
If you use "have to" when forming a past tense question, you only have to change the helping
verb from "do" or "does" to "did."
Past Tense
singular plural
Did I have to _____ Did we have to ____
Did you have to____ Did you have to ____
Did he have to ____
Did she have to ____
Did it have to ____
Did they have to ____
• A: What did you have to do yesterday?
• B: I had to drive to the airport.
• What did he have to do at school?
• He had to take a test.
Lesson Twenty-five
want
Present Tense
singular plural
I want _____ We want _____
You want _____ You want _____
He wants _____
She wants _____
It wants _____
They want _____
The verb "want" requires an object:
• I want a banana. (The word "banana" is an object.)
• She wants some coffee. (The word "coffee" is an object.)
• They want some help. (The word "help" is an object.)
Present Tense - negative
singular plural
I don't want _____ We don't want _____
You don't want _____ You don't want _____
He doesn't want _____
She doesn't want _____
It doesn't want _____
They don't want _____
Remember: You must have an object after the verb "want."
• I don't want any mustard on my sandwich.
• He doesn't want to go home. (The infinitive, "to go" is the object.)
• We don't want them.
The word "want" is often heard in questions:
• What do you want?
• Do you want anything to drink?
• Does he want anything to drink?
• Where do they want to go today?
• When do you want to leave for the airport?
Lesson Twenty-six
want
Past Tense
singular plural
I wanted _____ We wanted _____
You wanted _____ You wanted _____
He wanted _____
She wanted _____
It wanted _____
They wanted _____
The verb "want" requires an object:
• I wanted some coffee. (The word "coffee" is an object.)
• He wanted a new car. (The word "car" is an object.)
• We wanted a vacation. (The word "vacation" is an object.)
Past Tense - negative
singular plural
I didn't want _____ We didn't want _____
You didn't want _____ You didn't want _____
He didn't want _____
She didn't want _____
It didn't want _____
They didn't want _____
Remember: You must have an object after the verb "want."
• You didn't want the job.
• My dog didn't want to stay home. (The infinitive, "to stay" functions as the object in
this sentece.)
• The kids didn't want the brocolli.
These questions are asked in the past tense:
• What did you want?
• Did they want any more juice?
• Did your neighbor want any help?
• When did he want to eat?
• When did you want to leave for the airport? (This question and the one before it are
in the past tense, but they refer to a future event.)
esson Twenty-seven
would like
singular plural
I would like ____ We would like _____
You would like ______ You would like _____
He would like_____
She would like _____
It would like _____
They would like _____
would like = want
The verb "would like" requires an object, a gerund, or an infinitive after it:
• I would like a bagel. (The word "bagel" is an object.)
• He'd like a new job. (The word "job" is an object. Notice that the subject and "would"
are contracted to form "He'd." This is very common.)
• They'd like a new dog. (The word "dog" is an object.)
• They'd like to get a new dog. ("To get" is an infinitive .)
Most people make a contraction with the subject and "would."
I would like a burrito = I'd like a burrito.
She would like to make a call. = She'd like to make a call.
Present Tense - negative
singular plural
I wouldn't like _____ We wouldn't like ____
You wouldn't like____ You wouldn't like ____
He wouldn't like ____
She wouldn't like ____
It wouldn't like ____
They wouldn't like ____
Remember: You must have an object after "would like."
You can also use a gerund after "would like."
• You wouldn't like living there. ("Living" is a gerund.)
• He probably wouldn't like the food.
• They wouldn't like doing that kind of work. ("Doing" is a gerund.)
Note: Using "would like" in the negative is not always an easy thing to do. This expresses an
opinion about a person that might not be true.
o o o o o o o o o o o o o
QUESTIONS:
These questions are made with "would like."
would like = do want
• What would you like on your pizza?
• Would you like to go out tonight?
• Would they like to go to the park?
• What time would you like to leave?
• How many pieces of chicken would you like?
Lesson Twenty-eight
need
Present Tense
singular plural
I need _______ We need _____
You need ______ You need _____
He needs _____
She needs _____
It needs _____
They need _____
The verb "need" requires an object or an infinitive after it:
• I need some coffee. (The word "coffee" is an object.)
• She needs a ride. (The word "ride" is an object.)
• We need to go home. ("To go" is an infinitive .)
Present Tense - negative
singular plural
I don't need _____ We don't need ____
You don't need ____ You don't need ____
He doesn't need____
She doesn't need ____
It doesn't need ____
They don't need ____
Remember: You must have an object or an infinitive after "need."
• They don't need a new car . (The word "car" is a noun that functions as an object in
this sentence.)
• She doesn't need to work tomorrow. ("To work" is an infinitive.)
• This flashlight doesn't need batteries. (The word "need" is often used with
things. It doesn't need batteries.)
The verb "need" is often used in questions:
• Is there something that you need?
• What does he need to do today?
• Do you need anything from the store?
• Why do you need to work on Saturday?
• Will I need to wear a jacket today?
Lesson Twenty-nine
need
Past Tense
singular plural
I needed _______ We needed _____
You needed ______ You needed _____
He needed _____
She needed _____
It needed _____
They needed _____
The verb "need" requires an object or an infinitive after it:
• I needed a nap this afternoon. (The word "nap" is an object.)
• You needed something to drink. (The word "something" is an object.)
• The kids needed to eat. ("To eat " is an infinitive .)
Past Tense - negative
singular plural
I didn't need _____ We didn't need ____
You didn't need ____ You didn't need ____
He didn't need____
She didn't need ____
It didn't need ____
They didn't need ____
Remember: You must have an object or an infinitive after "need."
• The car didn't need any gas . (The word "gas" is a noun that functions as an object in
this sentence.)
• They didn't need to stay longer. ("To stay " is an infinitive.)
• The plants didnt need any more water. (The word "need" is often used with
things. They didn't need any more water.)
The verb "need" is often used in questions:
• What did you need from the store?
• Did you need to use my computer?
• Did they need any money?
• Why did he need to see a doctor?