English Grammar Tenses BOOK

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    English Grammar

    La creacin se defiende compartiendola

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    UNIT 1

    VERB TO BE

    EXPRESSIONS AND USES

    (verbo to be ser o estar, expresiones y usos)

    AFFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE

    I AM (IM)

    HESHEIT

    IS

    (HES)

    (SHES)

    (ITS)

    WEYOUTHEY

    ARE

    (WERE)

    (YOURE)

    (THEYRE)

    NEGATIVE

    I AM NOT (IM NOT)

    HESHEIT

    IS NOT

    (HES NOT or HE ISNT)(SHES NOT or SHE ISNT)(ITS NOT or IT ISNT)

    WEYOUTHEY

    ARE NOT

    (WERE NOT or WE ARENT)(YOURE NOT or YOU ARENT)(THEYRE NOT or THEY ARENT)

    AM / IS / ARE: FORMS OF THE PRESENT TENSE OF THE VERB TO BE. (formas del tiempo presentedel verbo to be)

    Im short but Im not fat. Maria isnt at work at this minute. Shes at home.

    Youre Chilean. You arent Spanish. Felipe and I are cousins. We arent siblings.

    My shoes are very dirty. I must clean them.

    La creacin se defiende compartiendola

    AM I?

    IS

    HE?SHE?IT?

    ARE

    WE?YOU?

    THEY?

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    Is it important? Those glasses are nice. Are they new? Is your sisterat home?

    Are computers expensive in China?How old is Osvaldo? Hes 14.

    What colouris your house.?Where are you from?How much are these oranges?

    USEFUL EXPRESSIONS (expresiones utiles)

    TO BE

    able ashamed early in charge of puzzled tired

    afraid of bad at good at in love responsible for upset

    amazed blue hot interested in right worried

    amused bored hungry late scared wrong

    angry cold in a hurry on time thirsty years old

    SOME EXPRESSIONS WITH AM / IS / ARE MEAN HAVE IN SPANISH. (alguans expresiones con tobe con las que en Castellano se usa tener)

    Im hungry / thirsty

    Tengo hambre / sed.

    Imin a hurry.Tengo prisa /estoy apurado

    Im hot / cold

    Tengo calor / fro.

    Im afraid.

    Tengo miedo.

    Im but thirsty Im not hot.Reinaldo is afraid of spiders.The children are hungry.Were not late.

    Youre wrong.

    YOU USE AM /ARE /IS TO TALK ABOUT SOMEBODYS AGE (se usa am/are/is para hablar de la edad)

    Im 12 / Im 12 years old.

    Tengo 12 aos

    My grandfather is 82.

    Mi abuelo tiene 82 aos.

    LOOK AT THESE OTHER EXPRESSIONS (mira estas expresiones)

    Its hot. / Its cold. / Its sunny.

    Est caluroso. / Est helado. / Est soleado.Its 1 oclock. / Its 8.15 (etc.)

    Es la una en punto. / Son las 8.15 (etc.)Mario isnt interested in football.

    A Mario no le interesa el ftbol.

    THATS : THAT IS THERES : THERE IS HERES : HERE IS

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    Thank you. Thats very kind of you.

    Gracias. Es muy amable de tu parte.

    Look! Theres Francisca.

    Mira! Ah est Francisca.

    QUESTIONS: THE SUBJECT GOES AFTERAM / IS / ARE IN QUESTIONS.(PREGUNTAS: el sujeto vadespues de am/is/are)

    AM / IS / ARE + SUBJECT

    IS SHE AT HOME?

    IS YOUR FATHER AT HOME?

    ARE COMPUTERS EXPENSIVE IN CHINA?

    ARE THEY EXPENSIVE?

    WHATS: WHAT IS / WHOS: WHO IS / HOWS: HOW IS / WHERES: WHERE IS

    Wheres Alvaro?

    Dnde est Alvaro?

    Whats the time?

    Qu hora es?

    Hows your Mother?

    Cmo est tu mam?

    Whos that man?

    Quin es ese hombre?

    SHORT ANSWERS (respuestas cortas)

    YES, I AM NO,IM NOT

    HEYES, SHE

    ITIS

    NO, HESSHES NOTITS

    NO, HESHE ISNTIT

    WEYES, YOU

    THEYARE

    NO, WEREYOURE NOTTHEYRE

    NO, WEYOU ARENTTHEY

    Are you tired? Yes, I am.

    Are you thirsty? No, Im not but Im hungry.

    Is he American? Yes, he is.

    Is Claudia at work today? No, she isnt.

    Is this seat free? Yes, it is.

    Are these your sandals? Yes, they are.

    La creacin se defiende compartiendola

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    Am I late? No, you arent.

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    EXERCISES (ejercicios)

    A. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING AM / IS /ARE.

    1.- The weather_________________ very cold today.2.- I ______________ not bored.3.- This box _____________ very heavy.4.- These boxes ______________ very heavy.5.- Look! There ________________ Marcelo.6.- I ____________ cold. Can you close the window, please?7.- This house ______________ one thousand years old.8.- My brother and I _________________ good football players.9.- Patricia ______________ at work but her children _____________ at home.10.- I _____________ a teacher. My mother ______________ a lawyer.

    B. MAKE SENTENCES USING AM / IS / ARE.(has oraciones usando am/is/are)

    1.- (my glasses / very dirty) _______________________________________________2.- (my chair / very comfortable) ___________________________________________

    3.- (your pencils / in your backpack) _________________________________________4.- (I /not / very happy today) ____________________________________________5.- (that restaurant / very cheap) ______________________________________6.- (the shops/ not / open today) __________________________________________7.- (Mr Alvarezs son / six years old) ____________________________________8.- (the houses in Valparaiso / very old) ____________________________________9.- (the exam / difficult) ________________________________________10.- (those children / very beautiful) ________________________________________

    C. MAKE AFFIRMATIVE OR NEGATIVE SENTENCES SO THEY ARE TRUE.(has oracionesafirmativas y negativas de forma que sean verdad)

    1.- (Rome / the capital of France) ___________________________________________2.- (I / interested in Karate)______________________________________________3.- (I / thirsty)________________________________________________________4.- (It / cold today)_____________________________________________________5.- (Rome / in Italy)_____________________________________________________6.- (I / afraid of spiders)____________________________________________________7.- (My hands / hot)_____________________________________________________8.- (Canada / a very small country)_____________________________________________9.- (the Amazon / in Asia)_______________________________________________10.- (diamonds / expensive)___________________________________________________11.- (Football / a dangerous sport)________________________________________

    D. MAKE QUESTIONS.(has preguntas)

    1.- (Your brother at home?)______________________________________________________

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    2.- (Your parents at work?)_____________________________________________________3.- (This hotel cheap?)________________________________________________4.- (You interested in painting?)__________________________________________________5.- (The shops open today?)_______________________________________________6.- (The supermarket open today?)________________________________________________

    E. MAKE QUESTIONS USING INTERROGATIVE WORDS ( WHAT / WHO / HOW / WHERE /WHY) + AM / IS / ARE. (has preguntas usando las palabras de pregunta what/who/how/where/why +am/is are)

    1.- (What colour / your house?)______________________________________________2.- (Where / my hat?)____________________________________________________3.- (Where / my shoes?)_________________________________________________4.- (How old / your brother?)_______________________________________________5.- (What colour / his hair?)_______________________________________________6.- (Why / Reinaldo angry with me?)___________________________________________7.- (How much / these flowers?)_____________________________________________8.- (Who / your favourite actor?)____________________________________________9.- (Why / you always late?)_______________________________________________

    F. MAKE PROPER QUESTIONS.(has las preguntas apropiadas)

    1.- (your name) ______________________________________________________?2.- (married or single) _________________________________________________?3.- (Chilean) _________________________________________________________?4.- (where / from) ____________________________________________________?5.- (how old )________________________________________________________?6.- (a student) _______________________________________________________?7.- (your mother teacher) ________________________________________________?8.- (where from) _____________________________________________________?9.- (her name) _______________________________________________________?10.- (how old) ________________________________________________________?

    G) ANSWERQUESTIONS WITH SHORT ANSWER(Yes, I am / No, he isnt).(responde)

    1.- Are you single? ___________________________________________________2.- Are you short? ______________________________________________________3.- Is it hot today? ___________________________________________________4.- Are you a student? __________________________________________________5.- Are you tired? _____________________________________________________6.- Is it dark now? ____________________________________________________7.- Are your feet hot? ________________________________________________

    H) TRANSALATE INTO ENGLISH.(traduce al Ingles)

    1. - Mi hermano est en Via del Mar._____________________________________________2. - Mi madre es argentina. ______________________________________________________3. - Esta sopa est muy caliente___________________________________________________4. - Carolina tiene 69 aos. _____________________________________________________

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    5. - Hace frio. ________________________________________________________________6. - Son las 2. _________________________________________________________________7. - Es temprano. ______________________________________________________________8. - Estas equibocado. __________________________________________________________9. - No est nublado hoy. ______________________________________________________10. - Estamos apurados. ________________________________________________________11. - No tengo calor. ____________________________________________________________12. - Ricardo es alto y gordo. _____________________________________________________13. - Mis padres no son chilenos. _________________________________________________14. - Este vaso no est sucio. Est muy limpio.________________________________________15. - Mira! Ah est tu abuela. ____________________________________________________16. - No me interesa el ajedrez. ____________________________________________________17. - Mi padre est en el patio.___________________________________________________18. - Jos est cansado y tiene frio.________________________________________________19. - No tengo miedo de los perros._________________________________________________20. - Es difcil este ejercicio?_____________________________________________________21. - Est tu hermano en Boston?. No. Est en New York______________________________22. - Dnde estn tus padres?___________________________________________________23. - Qu hora es?_____________________________________________________________24. - Dnde estn Priscilla y Brian?. Estn en Quilpue.________________________________

    25. - Cuntos aos tienes?______________________________________________________26. - De qu color son tus calcetines?_____________________________________________27. - De dnde es Susana?_______________________________________________________28. - Tienes fro?_______________________________________________________________29. - Tienes sed? No, pero tengo hambre.__________________________________________

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    UNIT 2

    PRESENTCONTINUOUS(present progressive or ing present)

    We form the Present Continuous tense with the verb to be in the present and the main verb with an ingending. (formamos el presente continuo con el verbo to be en presente y el verbo principal terminado ening)

    AM BE + Verb (ing) IS + Verb (ing)

    ARE

    NEGATIVE

    POSITIVE

    I am - ing

    HeSheIt

    is - ing

    La creacin se defiende compartiendola

    I am - ing Im reading.

    HeSheit

    is- ing

    - ing

    Tom is cookingShe isnt eating.The bell is ringing.

    WeYouThey

    are

    - ing

    - ing

    - ing

    Were having lunch.Youre not looking at meThe children are doing their beds.

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    WeYouThey

    are - ing

    A.

    B.

    Language note (nota acerca del uso del idioma)

    ThePresent Continuous tense is used to talk about (el presente continuo para hablar sobre: )

    1.- Present Projects : Im learning English.(proyectos actuales)2.- Actions happening now, at this moment : Im reading this book.(acciones que estn pasando en este momento)3.- Temporary situations or actions : Im working from home this year.(Acciones o situaciones temporales )4.- Something which is happening at the

    moment or a situation which changes : Shes really enjoying New York.(algo qu esta pasando en este momento ouna situacion que esta cambiando)5.- Something you have arranged to do in

    the future, we usually say : He is going to Japan in January.(algo que esta tu haz arreglado quepase en el futuro)

    La creacin se defiende compartiendola

    Questions Short answer

    Am I

    working?

    Yes, I am

    Is

    HesheIt

    No, m not.

    Yes, hesheit

    is.

    No, isnt.

    Are

    youWethey

    Yes,

    youwethey

    are.

    No,arent

    WhereWhere

    am/is/ are Subject

    working today?working today? (Is working

    Mr Smith today)going?going? (Where are going those

    people).-

    IsIs

    are

    are

    he

    Mr Smith

    +theythose people

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    It is different from thePresent Simple tense, which we use to talk about (es diferente al Presente Simple, el cualusamos para hablar de):

    1.- regular - habitual actions : I have lunch between one oclock and two oclock.2.- permanent - fixed situations : I work for Mark & Spencer.

    Some verbs are almost never in the continuous form. These are mostly verbs expressing feelings, mentalactivity and perception. (Algunos verbos nunca aparecen en la forma continua. En su mayoria son verbos queexpresan sentimientos, actividad mental y percepcin.) For example like/ love/ hate/ know/ understand/want/see/ hear/ seem.

    Spelling

    A dictionary tells you when the final consonant doubles (travel, travelling), and when we leave out thefinal vowel (example: make, making).

    come coming run runningsmoke smoking sit sittingwrite writing swim swimminglie lying die dying

    READ THESE EXAMPLES:

    - Please be quiet. Im working.- The children are playing in the garden.- Dont go out now. Its raining.

    - You can turn the TV off. Im not watching it.- The sun is shining today.- Im feeling better now.- Shes wearing a new shirt.- Is it raining? Yes, take an umbrella.- Why are you wearing a coat? Its not cold today.- Whats Roy doing? Hes cooking the dinner.

    What are the children doing? Theyre playing in the garden.- Look, theres Jan. Whats she doing?.- Are you feeling OK? Yes, Im fine.

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    SHORT ANSWERS

    - Are you listening to the radio? Yes, I am. - Is Tom working today? Yes, he is.

    - Is it raining? No, it isnt- Are your friends staying at a hotel? No, they arent.

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    Yes, I am

    Yes,HeSheIt

    is

    Yes,WeYouThey

    are

    No Im not

    No

    Hes

    ShesIts

    not No,

    He

    SheIt

    Isnt

    NoWereYoureTheyre

    notNo,

    WeYouThey

    Arent

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    EXERCISES

    1.- Complete the sentences using am / is / are + one of the following verbs.

    building coming having playing cooking standing swimming

    1) Listen! Pat _______________ the piano.

    2) They _________________ a new hotel in the city centre at the moment.

    3) Look! Somebody __________________ in the river.

    4) You ___________________ on my foot: Oh, Im sorry.

    5) Hurry up! The bus ____________________ .

    6) Where are you, George? In the kitchen. I _________________________ a meal.

    7) (on the phone) Hello. Can I speak to Ann, please? She ______________________ a shower at the

    moment. Can you phone later?.

    2.- What is happening now? Write true sentences.

    1) (I / wash / my hair) ________________________________________________

    2) (It / snow) _______________________________________________________

    3) (I / sit / on a chair) ________________________________________________

    4) (I/ eat) _________________________________________________________

    5) (It/ rain) ________________________________________________________

    6) (I/ learn / English) _________________________________________________

    7) (I / listen / to the radio) _____________________________________________8) (The sun / shine) ___________________________________________________

    9) (I / wear / shoes) __________________________________________________

    10) (I / smoke / a cigarette) _____________________________________________

    11) (I / read / a newspaper) _____________________________________________

    3.- Make questions.

    crying eating going laughing looking at reading

    1) What __________________________________________________________?

    2) Where _________________________________________________________?

    3) Why ___________________________________________________________?

    4) What __________________________________________________________?

    5) What __________________________________________________________?

    6) Why ___________________________________________________________?

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    4.- Make questions using What doing.

    1) (he) ____________________________________________________________?

    2) (they) __________________________________________________________?

    3) (I) _____________________________________________________________?

    4) (Your wife) ______________________________________________________?

    5.-Now use Where going with these subjects:

    5) (we) ___________________________________________________________?

    6) (Those children) ___________________________________________________?

    7) (The girl with long hair) _____________________________________________?

    8) (The man on the bicycle) _____________________________________________?

    6.- Make questions according to the answers.

    1. (You /watch / TV?) ________________________________________________?No, you can turn it off.

    2. (The children / play?)______________________________________________?No, theyre asleep.

    3. (What / you / do?) ________________________________________________?Im cooking my dinner.

    4. (What / Rod / do?) _______________________________________________?Hes having a bath.

    5. (It / rain?)______________________________________________________?No, not at the moment.

    6. (That clock / work?) ______________________________________________?No, its broken.

    7. (You /write / a letter?) ____________________________________________?Yes, to my sister.

    8. (Why / you / run?) ________________________________________________?Because Im late.

    7.- Write affirmative or negative short answers.

    1) Are you watching TV? _______________________________________________

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    2) Are you wearing shoes? ______________________________________________

    3) Are you wearing a hat? _______________________________________________

    4) Is it raining? ______________________________________________________

    5) Are you eating something? ____________________________________________

    6) Are you feeling well? ________________________________________________

    7) Is the sun shining? __________________________________________________

    8) Is your mother watching you? __________________________________________

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    UNIT 3

    PAST CONTINUOUS (Past Progressive)

    a) Study this example situation:

    Yesterday Tom and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 oclock and finished at 11 oclock. What were they doing at 10.30?

    They were playing tennis (at 10.30). They were playing means that they were in the middle of playing tennis. They had started playing

    but they hadnt finished.

    This is thepast continuous tense:

    I/he/she wasWe/they/you were playing

    We use the past continuous to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time.The action or situation had already started before this time but hadnt finished:

    - This time last yearI was living in Brazil.- What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?

    b) The past continuous does not tell us whether an action was finished or not.Perhaps it was finished, perhaps not. Compare:

    - Tom was cooking the dinner. (past continuous)= He was in the middle

    of cooking the dinner and we dont know whether he finished cooking it.- Tom cooked the dinner. (past simple)= He began and finished it.

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    c) We often use the past continuous (I was doing) and the past simple (I did) together to say thatsomething happened in the middle of something else:

    I started doing I was doing I finished doing

    _______________________________________________________________ past past now

    This time last yearIwas living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 oclock last night? I waved to her but she wasnt looking.

    Compare the past continuous (I was doing) and past simple (I did):

    Past continuous (in the middle of an action) I was walking home when I met Dave. (= in the middle of walking home) Maria was watching television when the phone rang.

    Past simple (complete action)

    I walked home after the party last night. (= all the way, completely) Maria watched television a lot when she was ill last year.

    - Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.- I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book.- It was raining when I got up.- While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.

    But to say that one thing happened after another, use the past simple:

    - Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath andanswered the phone.

    Compare:

    - When Tom arrived, we were having dinner. (past continuous) = We had already started dinnerbefore Tom arrived.

    - When Tom arrived, we had dinner. (past simple) = Tom arrived and then we had dinner.

    There are some verbs (for example, know / want / believe) that are not normally used in the continuous.

    We were good friends. We knew each other well. (not we were knowing) I was enjoying the party but Chris wanted to go home. (not was wanting)

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    EXERCISES

    1.- What were you doing at the following times? Write one sentence as inthe examples. The past continuous is not always necessary(see the second example).

    1. (at 8 oclock yesterday evening) I was having dinner with some friends

    2. (at 5 oclock last Saturday) I was on a train on my way to London

    3. (at 10.15 yesterday morning) _________________________________________

    4. (at 4.30 this morning) _____________________________________________

    5. (at 7.45 yesterday morning) _________________________________________

    6. (half an hour ago) ________________________________________________

    2.- Here is a list of some things that Maria did yesterday (and the times atwhich she did them):

    1) 8.45 - 9.15 had breakfast 4) 12.45 - 1.30 had lunch2) 9.15 - 10.00 read newspaper 5) 2.30 - 3.30 washed some clothes3) 10.00 - 12.00 cleaned flat 6) 4.00 - 6.00 watched television

    Now write sentences saying what she was doing at these times:

    1. At 9 oclock she was having breakfast

    2. At 9.30 she _____________________________________________________

    3. At 11 oclock ____________________________________________________

    4. At 1 oclock _____________________________________________________

    5. At 3 oclock _____________________________________________________

    6. At 5 oclock ____________________________________________________

    3.- A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm rang. Use the words inbrackets to make sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.

    Example: (Don / have / a bath) Don was having a bath

    1 (Maria /write / a letter in her room) Maria ________________________________

    2. (Marcelo / get / ready to go out) Marcelo _______________________________

    3. (Carol and Dennis / have / dinner) Carol and Dennis ________________________

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    4. (Tom / make / a phone call) Tom _____________________________________

    4.- Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into the correctform, past simple (I did) or past continuous (I was doing).

    1. (the phone / ring / when I / have / a shower)

    The phone ________________________________________________________

    2. (it / begin / to rain when I / walk / home)

    ________________________________________________________________

    3. (we / see / an accident when we / wait / for the bus)________________________________________________________________

    5.- Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past continuous.

    1. Tom burnt his hand while he was cooking the dinner

    2. The doorbell rang while I ___________________________________________

    3. We saw an accident while we _________________________________________

    4. Rossana fell asleep while she __________________________________________

    5. The television was on but nobody _____________________________________

    6.- Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

    I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday but she________________ (not/see) me.She _____________ (look) the other way.

    I ______ (meet) Tom and Maria at the airport a few weeks ago. They _______ (go) to Berlin andI _________ to Madrid. We ________ (have) a chat while we ____________ (wait) for our flights.

    I ________ (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man ____ (run) out into the road in front me.I ___________(go) quite fast but luckily I ________ (manage) to stop in time and_________ (not/hit) him.

    7.- Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

    Example: While Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang.(ring).

    1. -Marcelo _____________ (fall) off the ladder while he ___________ (paint) the ceiling.

    2.- Last night I ________ (read) in bed when suddenly I ________(hear) a scream.

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    3.- ________________ (you/I watch) television when I _________(phone) you?

    4.- Maria _____________ (wait) for me when I __________________(arrive).

    5.- I __________ (not/drive) very fast when the accident ________ (happen).

    6.- I ______________ (break) a plate last night. I ____________ (do) thewashing-up when it _______________ (slip) out of my hand.

    7.- Tom _____________ (take) a photograph of me while I _______ (not/look).

    8.- We ______________ (not/go) out because it _______________ rain.

    9.- What ______________ (you/do) at this time yesterday?

    10.- I _____________ (see) Carol at the party. She __________(wear) a really beautiful dress.

    11.- Priscilla ______________ (wait) for me when I _____________ (arrive).

    12.- What _______________ (you/do) this time yesterday? I was asleep.

    13.- ________________ (you/go) out last night? No, I was too tired.

    14.- Was Carol at the party last night? Yes, she _______________ (wear) areally nice dress.

    15.- How fast ____________ (you/drive) when the accident ____________(happen)?

    16.- We were in a very difficult position. We __________ (not/know) what to do.

    17.- I havent seen Alan for ages. When I last ______________ (see) him, he ___________ (try) to finda job in London.

    18.- I ____________ (walk) along the street when suddenly I __________(hear) footsteps behind me.Somebody __________ (follow) me. I was frightened and I ______________ (start) to run.

    19.- When I was young I ____________ (want) to be a bus driver.

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    - Shes very clever. She speaks four languages.- It costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels.- I read the newspaper every day.

    Remember that we say: he/she/it s. Dont forget the s:- I work but He works They teachbut My sister teaches

    Sometimes we do things by saying something. For example, when you promise to do something. You can say Ipromise..; when you suggest something, you can say I suggest. We use the present simple(promise/suggest etc.) in sentences like this:

    - I promise I wont be late. (not Im promising)- What do you suggest I do? I suggest that you

    In the same way we say: I apologise / I advise / I insist / I agree / I refuse etc.

    SPELLING

    Pass passes watch watches study studies

    Do does finish finishes

    Go goes carry carries

    NEGATIVE

    - I drinkcoffee but I dont drinktea.- Sue drinks tea butshe doesnt drinkcoffee.- You dont speakEnglish very well.- Rice doesnt grow in cold countries.- We dont know many people in the town.- They like coffee but they dont like tea.- Bruce doesnt live in Cambridge.- My parents dont go out very much.- I dont do any homework on Saturdays.- Hes very lazy. He doesnt do anything.

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    I/we/you/theyhe/she/it

    dontdoesnt

    workcomedo

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    QUESTIONS

    The word order in questions is.

    A.-

    B.- do/does + subject + infinitive

    - Would you like a cigarette? No, thanks. I dont smoke.- What does this word mean? (notWhat means this word?)- Rice doesnt grow in cold climates.

    In the following examples do is also the main verb:

    - What do you do? (=Whats your job?) I work in a shop.

    - Hes so lazy. He doesntdo anything to help me. (not He doesnt anything)

    SHORT ANSWERS

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    do

    I

    WeYouThey

    Work?

    Play?

    Do?

    Like?does

    HeSheit

    Where

    How oftenWhat

    How muchWhat

    Do

    do

    Do

    do

    do

    Doesdoes

    does

    you

    your parents

    they

    you

    you

    Chrisit

    this word

    usually

    often

    work

    live?

    like

    wash

    do

    playcost

    mean?

    on Saturdays?

    music?your hair?at weekends?

    tennis?to fly to Rome?

    23

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    No, I / we / you / they dont

    he/she/it doesnt

    - Do you smoke? No, I dont.- Do they speak English? Yes, they do- Doeshe work hard? Yes, he does.- Does your sister live in London? No, she doesnt.

    FREQUENCY WORDS

    always/never/often/sometimes/usually:

    - He always gets up at 7 oclock.- I usually go to work by car but I sometimes walk.- Jack never has breakfast.- It often rains here in spring.

    EXERCISES

    1. Complete the sentences using one of the following:

    cause(s) close(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) take(s) place.

    1) Maria speaks German very well.

    2) I never _______________ coffee.3) The swimming pool ________________ 9 oclock and __________________at 18:30 every day.

    4) Bad driving ______________ many accidents.

    5) My parents _______________ in a very small flat.

    6) The Olympic Games _____________ every four years.

    2. Put the verb into the correct form.

    1) Priscilla doesnt drink (not/I drink) tea very often.

    2) What time ______________________ (the banks/close) in Britain?

    3) Where ________________ (Martin/come) from? Hes Scottish.

    4) What _________________ (you/do) ? Im an electrical engineer.5) It _________ (take) me an hour to get to work. How long __________ (it /take) you?

    6) I ________________ (play) the piano but I _______________ (not play) very well.

    7) I dont understand this sentence. What ______________ (this word/mean)?

    3. Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative.

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    Yes, I / we / you /they do

    he / she / it does.

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    B.- NEGATIVE SENTENCES

    We use didnt + infinitive (watch/clean/do etc.):

    Negative

    I watched but I didnt watch (not I didnt watched)

    He went but did he go? (not did he went?)

    - I played tennis yesterday but I didnt win.- Don didnthavebreakfast this morning (not hadnt breakfast)- They went to the cinema but they didnt enjoy the film.

    - We didnt do much work yesterday.

    C.- INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

    Note the word order in questions with did:

    Did + subject + infinitive

    WhatHowWhere

    Did

    Did

    DidDid

    Did

    Did

    Did

    Did

    did

    did

    did

    SueI

    weyoutheyhesheityouthe accidentyour parents

    givewatch?

    clean?play?do?go?have?begin?dohappen?go

    you a birthday present?

    yesterday evening?

    for their holidays?

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    I watchWe clean

    You playThey did not doHe (didnt) goShe haveIt begin

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    10. It was hot in the room, so I the window.

    11. The weather was good yesterday afternoon, so we..played tennis.

    12. William Shakespeare .in 1616.

    13. Mozart more than 600 pieces of music.

    14. How did you learn to drive? My father .. me.

    15. We couldnt afford to keep our car, so we .. it.

    16. I was very thirsty. I the water very quickly.

    17. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. Hes much better thanme, so he . easily.

    18. Don down the stairs this morning and ..his leg.

    19. Jim .. the ball to Sue, who . it.

    20. Maria . a lot of money yesterday. She .a dress which. US$100.

    3. Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:

    SHARON

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    I usually get up at 7 o clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work

    which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have

    lunch. I finish work at 5 o clock. Im always tired when I get home. I

    usually cook a meal in the evening. I dont usually go out. I go to bedat about 11 o clock. I always sleep well.

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    Yesterday was a typical working day for Sharon. Write what she did or didnt do yesterday.

    1. She got up at 7 oclock

    2. She _________________________ a big breakfast.

    3. She ____________________________________

    4. It _________________________ to get to work.

    5. I________________________________ at 8.45

    6. She_______________________________ lunch.

    7. We______________________________ at 5 oclock.

    8. They_____________ tired when ____________ home.

    9. B_________________ a meal yesterday evening.

    10. _________________ out yesterday evening.

    11. _________________________ at 11 oclock.

    12. _________________________ well last night.

    4. Write sentences about the past (yesterday/last week etc)

    1.- He always goes to work by car. Yesterday he went to work by car

    2.- They always get up early. This morning they _____________________

    3.- Bill often loses his keys. He _____________________ last Saturday.

    4.- I write a letter to Priscilla every week. Last week _____________________

    5.- She meets her friends every evening. She ________ yesterday evening.6.- I usually read two newspapers every day. _________________ yesterday.

    7.- They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday __________________

    8.- We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. _________________ last Sunday.

    9.- Tom always has a shower in the morning. _______________ this morning

    10.- They buy a new car every year. Last year ________________________

    11.- I eat an orange every day. Yesterday ____________________________

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    9. The window was open and a bird ______________ into the room. (fly)

    10. The hotel wasnt very expensive. It ____________ very much. (cost)

    11. I was in a hurry, so I _______________ time to phone you. (have)

    12. It was hard work carrying the bags. They ____________ very heavy.(be)

    13. I ____________ (play) tennis yesterday but I ____________. (not/win)

    14. We _____________ (wait) a long time for the bus but it. (not/come)

    15. Thats a nice shirt. Where ______________ (you/buy)it?

    16. She ______________ (see) me but she _______________(not/speak) to me.

    17. ________________ (it/rain) yesterday? No, it was a nice day.

    18. That was a stupid thing to do. Why ____________ (you/do) it?

    7. You are asking somebody questions. Write questions with Did?

    1. I watched TV last night. And you ? Did you watch TV last night?

    2. I enjoyed the party. And you? ____________ you _____________?

    3. I had a good holiday. And you? _____________________________?

    4. I got up early this morning. And you? ________________________?

    5. I slept well last night. And you? _____________________________?

    8. What did you do yesterday? (Your sentence can be positive or negative)

    1. (watch TV) I watched TV yesterday or I didnt watch TV yesterday

    2. (get up before 7.30) I___________________________________________

    3. (have a shower) I________________________________________________

    4. (buy a magazine) _________________________________________________

    5. (speak English) ____________________________________________

    6. (do an examination) ____________________________________________

    7. (eat meat) ____________________________________________

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    UNIT 6

    FUTURE FORMS

    The idea of a future action may be expressed in different ways.

    A.- SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

    Study the difference between will and going to:

    will (ll): We use will whenyou decide to do something at the time of speaking. The speaker has not decidedbefore. The party is a new idea.

    Sue is talking to Helen:

    Lets have party. Thats a great idea.Well invite lots of people.

    SUEHELEN

    FORM

    Affirmative/Negative Interrogative

    I/we/you/they will (ll) win I/weyou/they win?he/she/it will not come will he/she/it come?

    (wont) eat eat?

    - She travels a lot. Today she is in London. Tomorrow shellbe in Rome.Next week shell be in Tokyo.

    - Telephone me this evening. Ill be at home.- Hes 24 years old. Next year hell be 25.- Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it.- Well probably go out this evening.- Will you be at home this evening?- I wont be here tomorrow.- Dont drink coffee before you go to bed. You wont sleep.

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    You often say : I think will:

    - I think Diana will pass the exam.- Do you think the examination will be difficult?- I dont think it will rain this afternoon. (I think it will not rain)

    B.- FUTURE WITH GOING TO.

    going to: We use (be) going towhen we have already decided todo something. Helen had alreadydecided to invite lots of peoplebefore she spoke to Dave.

    Later that day, Helen meets Dave:

    Sue and I have decided to have a partyWere going to invite lots of people.

    FORM

    Affirmative/Negative

    IHeWe/you/they

    am

    is (not)

    aregoing to

    buydrinkwatch

    Interrogative

    Am I buy?is he/she/it going to eat?

    are we/you/they wear?

    - Im going to buy some books tomorrow.- Sarah is going to sell her car.- Im not going to have breakfast this morning.- What are you going to wear to the party on Saturday?

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    - Are you going to inviteReinaldo to your party?- My hair is dirty. Im going to wash it.- Look at the sky! Its going to rain.- Its 9 oclock and Im not ready. Im going to be late.- Sue is going to have a baby.

    Compare:

    o Marcelo phoned while you were out. Ok. Ill phone him back.

    o Marcelo phoned while you were out. Yes, I know. Im going to phone him back.

    o Maria is in the hospital. Oh really? I didnt know. Ill go to visit her.

    o Maria is in the hospital. Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow.

    Future happenings and situations (predicting the future)

    Sometimes there is not much difference between will and going to. For example, you can say:o I think the weatherwill be nice later.

    o I think the weatheris going to be nice later.

    When we say something is going to happen, we know (or think) this because of the situation now. Forexample:

    o Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. (notit will rain-we can see the clouds now)

    o I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. (notI think Ill be sick- I feel terrible now)

    Do not use will in situations like these.

    In other situations, it is safer to use will:

    o Tom will probably arrive at about 8 oclock.

    o I think Maria will like the present we bought for her.

    I am doing and I am going to do.

    We normally use I am doing (present continuous) when we say what we have arranged to do. For

    example, arranged to meet somebody, arranged to go somewhere:

    o What time are you meeting Maria this evening?

    o Im leaving tomorrow. Ive got my plane ticket.

    I am going to do something = Ive decided to do it (but perhaps not arrangedto do it):

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    C.- PRESENT CONTINUOUS: What are you doing tomorrow?

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    o The windows are dirty. Yes, I know. Im going to clean them later.= Ive decided to clean

    them but I havent arrangedto clean them).

    o Ive decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow Im going to look for somewhere else to stay.

    Often the difference is very small, and either form is possible.

    You can also say that something is going to happenin the future. For example:

    Ruperto cant see where hes walking. There is a hole in front of him.

    He is going to fall into the hole.When we say that something is going to happen, the situation now makes us believe this.

    Ruperto is walking towards the hole now, so he is going to fall into it.

    Situation now going to Future happening

    o Look at those black clouds! Its going to rain. (the clouds are there now).

    o I feel terrible. I think Im going to be sick. (I feel terrible now).

    READ THESE EXAMPLES:

    - Please be quiet. Im working.- They are playing tennis now.- Im not working next week.- Carlo is playing tennis tomorrow.- I am doing something tomorrow.- Alice is going to the dentist on Friday.- They are going to a concert tomorrow evening.- Are you meeting Bill this evening?- What are you doing at the weekend?- Im not going out tonight. Im staying at home.

    Note: You useSimple Present Tense when you refer to schedules, shows,programmes, trains, etc.

    - The concert starts at 7.30.- What time does the train leave?- When does the next English coursebegin?- What time do you leave tomorrow?- The plane arrives at 6.30 p.m.

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    EXERCISES

    1.- Where will you be?

    Answer using Ill be/Ill probably be/I dont know where Ill be.

    1. (Tomorrow at 10 oclock) I ____________________________________________

    2. (One hour from now) I _______________________________________________

    3. (At midnight) _____________________________________________________

    4. (At 3 oclock tomorrow afternoon) ______________________________________

    5. (Two years from now) _______________________________________________

    2.- Write sentences using I think / I dont think.

    1. (Diana/pass the exam) _______________________________________________

    2. (Jack/win the game) I think __________________________________________

    3. (Sue /like her present) ______________________________________________

    4. (The weather/be nice tomorrow) _______________________________________

    5. (They/get married) I dont ___________________________________________

    6. (I/be at home this evening) ___________________________________________

    3.- Answer: What are these people doing next Friday?

    1. Carolplay/tennis

    2. Dickgo/to a party

    3. Tom and Suego/to a party

    4. Barbarameet/Dave

    5. Georgego/on holiday

    1. ________________________________________________________________

    2. Dick ____________________________________________________________

    3. ________________________________________________________________4. ________________________________________________________________

    5. ________________________________________________________________

    4. Complete the sentences using will (ll) or going to.

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    1 A: Why are you turning on the television?

    B: Im going to watch the news. (I/watch)

    2 A: Oh, Ive just realised. I havent got any money.

    B: Havent you? Well, dont worry. ________________________ you some. (I/lend)

    3 A: Ive got headache.

    B: Havent you? Wait __________________________ an aspirin for you. (I/get)

    4 A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?

    B: __________________________________ the car. (I/wash)

    5 A: Ive decided to repaint this room.

    B: Oh, have you? What colour ________________________ it? (you paint)

    6 A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?

    B: Yes, __________________________ something for dinner. (I/buy)

    7 A: I dont know how to use this camera.

    B: Its quite easy. ______________________ you. (I/show)

    8 A: What would you like to eat?

    B: ___________________________ a sandwich, please. (I/have)

    9 A: Did you post that letter for me?

    B: Oh, Im sorry. I completely forgot. ___________________ it now. (I/do)

    10 A: The ceiling in this room doesnt look very safe, does it?

    B: No, it looks as if ____________________________ down. (it fall)

    11 A: Has Marcelo decided what to do when he leaves school?

    B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned. __________________ a holiday for afew weeks and then _________________ a computer programming

    course. (he/have, he/do)

    5. Read the situations and complete the sentences using will (ll) or going to.

    1 The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim.

    Caller: Hello. Can I speak to Jim, please?

    You: Just a moment. ______________________ him. (I/get)

    2 Its a nice day. Youve decided to sit in the garden. Before going outside, you

    tell your friend.You: The weathers too nice to stay indoors. __________________ in the garden. (I/sit)

    Friend: Thats a good idea. I think ___________________ you (I/join)

    3 Your friend is worried because she has lost an important letter.

    You: Dont worry about the letter. Im sure ______________________ Friend: I hope so.

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    4 You are in a restaurant. The food is awful and youve decided to complain.

    Friend: This food is awful, isnt?

    You: Yes, its disgusting _______________________________

    9. What is going to happen in these situations? Use the words in brackets.

    1 There are a lot of black clouds in the sky. (rain) Its going to rain.

    2 It is 8.30 Jack is leaving his house. He has to be at work at 8.45 but the journey

    takes 30 minutes. (late) He _________________________________

    3 There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. A lot of water is coming in through the

    hole. (sink) The boat ______________________________________

    4 Emma is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol

    station is a long way away. (run out) She _________________________

    10. Write sentences. Use Present Progressive or Simple Present where it corresponds.

    1. (I/not/go out/tonight) ______________________________________________

    2. (The concert/start/at 8.15) __________________________________________

    3. (I/meet/my friends this evening) I _____________________________________

    4. (Tom /not/come/to the party on Thursday) Tom ___________________________

    5. (The English course/finish/on 10 May) My ________________________________

    6. (my sister/get/married next December) My _______________________________

    7. (My train/leave/at 8.45) _____________________________________________

    8. (I/not/go/to London tomorrow) ________________________________________

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    These types of questions dont admit a Simple yes, no answer, they require an explanation:

    What is your name?

    Where do you come from?

    Which question did you answer?

    How does he go to work?

    Who is your friend?

    When were you born?

    Why are you laughing?

    Whose car are you driving?

    NOTE

    1. What, which y whosemay go followed by a noun:

    What colour is your car?

    Which coat is yours?

    Whose book is this?

    2. Which is generally used when the election is limited or is determined:

    Which is your husband? The blond one or the dark one?

    Which or what newspaper do you read?

    3. How can go followed by an adjective or an adverb:

    How big is his new car?

    How fast does it go?

    In the expressions used to make a question, there are Orders, asking for something and Invitations.

    In the case of Orders, the subject normally doesnt exist:

    Open the door

    Come in

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    EXERCISES

    Make Questions for the following statements.

    1. Rossana lives in Rockaway._____________________________________________________________

    2. James left his book at home. ___________________________________________________________

    3. Mr. and Mrs. Smith took a trip to Chicago. ________________________________________________

    4. Our firm buys much merchandise from them. ______________________________________________

    5. This book costs one dollar. ___________________________________________________________

    6. He drives to work every day. __________________________________________________________

    7. She said she was busy. ______________________________________________________________

    8. Henry is standing outside the door. _____________________________________________________

    9. Mr. Smith is out of town. ______________________________________________________________

    10. He will be in class tomorrow. _________________________________________________________

    11. There are twelve months in a year. _____________________________________________________

    12. It took us five hours to drive to Copiapo. _________________________________________________

    13. They went for a walk in the park. _______________________________________________________

    14. Reinaldo speaks English well.

    ____________________________________________________________

    15. It is half past three. ______________________________________________________________

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    UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

    Form

    There are some things we see or think of as a whole. We call these Uncountable Nouns. Uncountablenouns do not usually have a plural form.

    - e.g. money bread milk water hair furniture

    a. Uncountable nouns are, for example:

    gold music blood excitement

    Uncountable nouns are things we cannot count. They have no plural. You cannot say musics,bloods or excitements.

    b. Before uncountable nouns you can say the / some / any / much / this / his etc.

    the music some gold much excitement his blood

    But you cannot use a/an before an uncountable noun. So you cannot say a music, an excitement ora blood.

    You can also use uncountable nouns alone:

    - This ring is made ofgold. - Blood is red.

    c. Many nouns can be used as countable or as uncountable nouns. Usually there is a difference inmeaning. For example:

    Paper I bought a paper (= a newspaper countable)I bought some paper (= material for writing on uncountable)

    Hair Theres a hair in my soup! (= one single hair countable)She has beautiful hair (=hair on her head uncountable)

    Experience We had many interesting experiences during our holiday(= things that happened to us countable)

    You need experience for this job (= knowledge of somethingbecause you have done it before uncountable)

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    d. Some nouns are usually uncountable in English but often countable in other languages. Here are themost important of these:

    accommodation behaviour furniture news scenery troubleadvice bread information permission traffic weatherbaggage chaos luggage progress travel work

    These nouns are uncountable, so.

    1) you cannot use a/an before them

    2) they cannot be plural

    Im looking foraccommodation. (not an accommodation)

    Im going to buy some bread. (or a loaf of bread; but not a bread)Tom gave me some good advice. (not some good advices)Where are you going to put all yourfurniture? (not furnitures)

    Remember that news is not plural:

    - The news is very depressing today. (not The news are)

    Do not use travel to mean journey /trip:

    - We had a goodjourney. (not a good travel)

    Note these pairs ofcountable (C) and uncountable (UNC) nouns:

    - Im looking for a job (C) but Im looking for work. (UNC)

    - What a lovely view! (C ) but What lovely scenery! (UNC)

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    EXERCISES

    1. Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is right?

    Example: Sue was very helpful. She gave me some good advice / advices. (advices is wrong)

    1) Margaret has got very long black hair / hairs.

    2) We had a very good weather / very good weather when we were on holiday.

    3) Sorry Im late. I had trouble / troubles with the car this morning.

    4) I want something to read. Im going to buy a / some paper.

    5) I want to write some letters. I need a / some writing paper.

    6) Its very difficult to find a work / job at the moment.

    7) Bad news dont / doesnt make people happy.

    8) Our travel /journey from London to Istanbul by train was very interesting.

    9) The flat is empty. We havent got any furnitures / furniture yet.

    10) When the fire alarm rang, there was a complete chaos / complete chaos.

    11) I had to buy a / some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches.

    12) After spending most of his life travelling round the world, he is now writing a book about his experience /experiences.

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    2. Now you have to complete these sentences using these words:

    progress advice accommodation hair work experience information paper

    permission.

    Example: We havent got anywhere to live. Were looking for (some) accommodation

    1) I dont think Maria will get the job. She hasnt got _____________________

    2) Theyll tell you all you want to know. Theyll give you plenty of ____________

    3) Youll easily recognise Alan. Hes got green __________________________

    4) Carlas English has improved. She has made _________________________

    5) I want to write down your address. Have you got _____________________

    6) If you want to leave early, you have to ask for ________________________

    7) Marcelo is unemployed at the moment. He is looking for _________________

    8) I didnt know what to do. So I asked Jack for ________________________

    3. In this exercise you have to write what you would say in these situations. Eachtime begin in the way shown and use one of the words in section d of this unit.

    Example: Your friends have just arrived at the station. You cant see anysuitcases or bags.

    You say: Have you got any luggage?

    1.- You go into the tourist office. You want to know about places to see in the town.

    You say: Id like ___________________________________________________

    2.- The weather is beautiful.

    You say: What ____________________________________________________!

    3.- You are a pupil at school. You want our teacher to advise you about which examinationsto take. You say:

    Can you give me ___________________________________________________?

    4.- You want to watch news on television but you dont know what time it is on.

    You ask your friend: What time ______________________________________?

    4. Now you have to put in a / an orsome or leave a space (without a word).

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    Examples: Ive seen some good films recently. Have you got a headache?

    Are most of your fiends _________ students?

    A. Have you got ____________ camera?

    B. Would you like to be ____________ actor?

    C. Bills got ____________ big feet.

    D. Do you collect____________ stamps?

    E. Tom always gives Maria ____________ flowers on her birthday.

    F. Those are ____________ really nice trousers. Where did you get them?

    G. What ____________lovely children!

    H. ____________ birds, for example the penguin, cannot fly.

    I. Jack has got ____________ very long legs, so hes ____________ fast runner.

    J. You need _________ visa to visit ________ foreign countries, but not all of them.

    K. Im going shopping. Im going to get ____________ new clothes.

    L. Priscilla is ____________ teacher. Her parents were ____________ teachers too.

    M. When we reached the city centre, ____________ shops were still open but most of them were alreadyclosed.

    N. Do you enjoy going to ____________ concerts?

    O. When I was ____________ child, I used to be very shy.

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    Write money signs in front of the numbers. But pronounce currencies after the numbers.

    56 fifty-six dollars200 two hundred pounds5,000 five thousand yen

    DECIMALS

    Write the decimal point sign as a dot, not a comma.

    0.5 nought point five0.25 nought point two five

    Pronounce numbers individually after a decimal point.

    10.06 ten point oh six27.27 twenty-seven point two seven

    0 is pronounced noughtbefore a decimal point and oh after a point in British English.

    0.05 nought point oh five

    It can be pronounced zero in American English.

    0.05 point zero five

    DAYS MONTHS SEASONS

    Monday Friday January July SpringTuesday Saturday February August Summer Wednesday Sunday March September *FallThursday April October Winter

    May NovemberJune December *(British

    English: Autumn)

    YEARS

    Written English 1066 1999Spoken English ten sixty-six nineteen ninety-nine

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    DATES

    British English American EnglishWritten English 16(th.) September 16(th.) September

    16/9/98 9/16/98

    Spoken English The sixteenth of September The sixteenth of September September the sixteenth September sixteenth

    TELLING THE TIME

    A simple way to tell the time is to say the numbers.

    10.20 ten twenty 11.15 eleven fifteen 4.45 four forty-five

    You can say the hours in two ways:

    Nine or nine oclock

    But dont make this common mistake:

    nine thirty oclock

    You can also tell the time this way:

    1.00 one oclock 3.10 ten past three 4.15 a quarter past four 5.30 half past five 5.35 twenty-five to six 6.45 a quarter to seven

    In American English you can use different prepositions.

    3.10 ten past three or ten after three6.45 quarter to seven or quarter of seven

    British and America speakers do not usually use the twenty-four-hour clock.

    11.00 eleven oclock23.00 eleven oclock (not twenty three oclock)

    To be more exact they say:eleven a.m. or eleven in the morning andeleven p.m. or eleven at night

    But they do use the twenty-four-hour clock to talk about train and plane timetables.

    19.30 The train leaves at nineteen thirty.

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    1.- Describing a point in time

    ON Sunday, Monday ...Sunday morning, Tuesday afternoon, Monday evening ...

    IN the morning/the afternoon/the eveningJanuary, February ...1970, 1985...

    AT 3 oclock, half past five...Easter/Christmasnight

    O next Tuesday, next year...last month, last week ...every day, every year ...

    2.- Describing duration

    AGO7 a.m. 10 a.m. The train left three hours ago.(train left) (now)

    FROM FOR TO/UNTIL

    3 p.m. 5 p.m. We spoke from 3 to/until 5 p.m.We spoke for two hours.

    SINCE FOR

    SUNDAY TUESDAY Ive been here since* Sunday(today) for two days.

    * Since is only used with the Present Perfect when the action started in the past and is continuing now.

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    UNIT 10

    VERB TENSES (review)

    VERB TO BE

    USE

    Verb To Be (ser o estar) can be used:

    As an Auxiliary Verb which helps to construct the Continuous Tenses.

    He is singing a song.

    He was playing football.

    It has been raining for days.

    They had been working hard.

    As an auxiliary Verb which help to construct the Passive Voice:

    The book was found under the table.

    The room looks nice. It has been cleaned.

    As the Principal Verb:

    Paul is an architect.

    My shoes are very dirty.

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    EXERCISES

    Put the sentences in the correct order:

    1. I / today / happy/ am / very.___________________________________________.

    2. university / best / of / She / at / is / the / city / the.

    ___________________________________________.

    3. not / French / in / We / a / class / are.___________________________________________.

    4. hungry / are / very / They.___________________________________________.

    5. cat / roof / The / is / sun / on / the / in / the.___________________________________________.

    6. at / boy / school / the / Is?

    ___________________________________________.

    7. football / good / arent / They / at.___________________________________________.

    8. sale / Are / books / for / those?___________________________________________.

    9. she / 25 / years / 30 / or / Is / old?___________________________________________.

    10. class / I / now / not / am / in.

    ___________________________________________.

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    SIMPLE PRESENT

    USE

    The Simple Present is used to express:

    Permanent Truths:

    The earth goes round the sun.

    Rice doesnt grow in cold climates.

    Usual Actions and Facts:

    She often rests after lunch.

    I get up at 8 oclock every morning.

    In this tense adverbs may be used, such as:

    Always

    Often