English for Chemists 6

7/31/2019 English for Chemists 6

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10/22/12

ENGLISH FOR CHEMISTS

Lesson 6

GV: Chu Nh t B ng Tr ng H B R a-V ng Tu


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Verb TenseIrregular verbsThe subjunctive mood

English Verbs


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Verb tenses define the time when an actionoccurs.

They are constructed by:

1. The main verband, in some cases

2. The helping verbs

Verb Tenses


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The infinitiveThe present participleThe past

The past participle

4 principal parts of Verbs


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The verb: to cookThe infinitive: cookThe basic form: cook

The infinitive


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Ends in ingUse with helping verb: to be

The verb: to cookThe present participle: cooking

Ex:

I was cooking breakfast when the telephone

rang.

The present participle


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The present participle of cook: cookingGerund of cook : cooking

Gerund is used in place of a noun

Ex:

Cooking is my favorite hobby.

The present participle vsGerund


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Usually ends in ed cooked

Ex: I cooked dinner for my family yesterday.

The past


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Usually ends in edUsed with helping verb: to havehave cooked

Ex:

I have cooked breakfast for my family manytimes.

The past participle


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The present tense describes actionhappening now.

Verb: basic formEx:- I cook breakfast every morning.- He cooks breakfast for his wife every day.

1. Present tense


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The past tense describes action happening inthe past.

Verb: past form

Ex:- He cooked dinner last night.

2. Past tense


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The future tense describes action happeningin the future

Verb: will + basic form

Ex:

- He will cook dinner for us tomorrow.

3. Future tense


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The present perfect tense describes actionhappening in the past up to the present.

Verb: to have + past participle

Ex:

- He has cooked dinner for his family every dayfor the last year.

4. Present perfect tense


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The past perfect tense describes actionhappening in the past before some otherpast-tense action.

Verb: had + past participle

Ex:

- He had cooked the dinner when suddenly the

doorbell rang.

5. Past participle tense


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The future perfect tense describes actionhappening in the future before some otherfuture-tense action.

Verb: will have + past participle

Ex:

He will cook dinner tomorrow night, and then

he will have cooked dinner for us for a week.

6. Future perfect tense


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1. I am a student at the HendersonAcademy; I study there for the past twoyears.

2. By the time of our arrival in Houstonnext Sunday, we have traveled over fivehundred miles.

3. Before he sprained his ankle, Charles

exercises in the weight room three times aweek.4. When she applied for her job at the

airline, Diane stated that she had served

in the U.S. Air Force.

Exercise


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1. Be (am/are/is)

1. Am/ are/is being

1. Was/ were

1. Have/has been

Irregular verbs


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1. Be constructed as regular verb2. Using the past where the PP should be

used, or vice versa.

Mistakes


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1. To express the formal or recommendation inthat-clause.

- She asked that the workers complete thetheir report by the end of the day.

2.To describe an unreal or doubtful condition.Often use in if-clause

- If I had a million dollars, I would travel

around the world.

Subjunctive mood


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*3 rules for -ed ending:Rule #1

If a word ends in an unvoiced consonant, whenadding -ed, just add an Unvoiced TEx:

-Today I jump, yesterday I jumped.(pronounced jump-T)

-Today I walk, yesterday I walked.(pronounced walk-T)

Pronunciation


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Rule #2If a word ends in a voiced consonant, add aVoiced DEx:

I cleaned the kitchen.

I poured the milk.

I spilled some juice.

I moved to California.The clock buzzed all night.

Pronunciation


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Rule #3

If a word ends in a T or a D sound, we add aVoiced EDEx:

I heated up my dinner.

He voted this morning.

He handed me his report.

Pronunciation


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-ng ending soundEx:

Ring Sing Thing Bring

- I have a feeling that she is working toomuch.

- She has been wearing a hearing aid so that

she could sing.- He is looking forward to speaking at the

Thanksgiving celebration.

Pronunciation

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English for Chemists 6