English dialect typology

Melchers and Shaw p.16:Trudgill and Hannah 1982:

• ‘English-based’: England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

• ‘American-based’: USA and Canada• ‘Scottish-based’: Scotland and N. Ireland• ‘Irish-based’: Ireland

3

2

41

1

2

3

4

Melchers and Shaw p.17:Wells - typology

IrelandEngland& S.H. America Scotland

Wells p. 181

Wells - typology

Wells - typology

The four part-systems (RP)

Laxvowels

Tensevowels

1

Provincial southern Irish English;also Jamaica and Barbados

Wells - typology RP

(Wells 182)

Type I: Most conservative. No centring diphthongs; vowels from B-system used before r. Vowel-length is important.

2

Type II Augmented D-system because of R-Dropping. Vowel length. (Wells 182)

Most accents of England and Wales including RP;Southern Hemisphere accents

(118)

Wells - typology RP

3

North America:GenAm and Canada

Wells - typology RP

Type III. No centring diphthongs: vowels from A-stem before r. Vowel-length unimportant; LOT belongs to D.

(Wells 182)

4

Wells p. 182:

Scotland and N.Ireland

Wells - typology RP

Type IV. Different system of vowel-length. TRAP and LOT are in D, FOOT is in C. No R-Dropping; no centring diphthongs

1

2

3

4

I. Ireland

II. England and S. Hem

III. N. America

IV Scotland

I. Ireland

II. England and S. Hem

III. N. America

IV Scotland