English CompositionEnglish Composition

Welcome Back!Welcome Back!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVwlMVYqMu4v=EVwlMVYqMu4

AgendaAgenda

• Turn in thesis statements & project plans Turn in thesis statements & project plans plus your planning activitiesplus your planning activities

• Introduce OutliningIntroduce Outlining

• Introduce Body Paragraphs and Topic Introduce Body Paragraphs and Topic SentencesSentences

Remember what you wanted Remember what you wanted from this class?from this class?

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©Suzanne Ryan©Suzanne Ryan 44

The Use of Outlines to The Use of Outlines to Improve Research PapersImprove Research Papers

The Use of Outlines to The Use of Outlines to Improve Research PapersImprove Research Papers

Copyright ©1995-2004 by OWL at Purdue University,

modified by Bill Harroff 2007

PurposePurposePurposePurpose

• General:General:– Aids in the process of writing Aids in the process of writing

• Specific:Specific:– Helps you organize your ideas Helps you organize your ideas – Presents your material in a logical form Presents your material in a logical form – Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing – Constructs an ordered overview of your writing Constructs an ordered overview of your writing – Defines boundaries and groups Defines boundaries and groups

ProcessProcessProcessProcess

• Before you begin:Before you begin:√ Determine the Determine the purposepurpose of your paper. of your paper.√ Determine the Determine the audienceaudience you are writing for. you are writing for.√ Develop theDevelop the thesisthesis of your paper. of your paper.

NextNextNextNext

BrainstormBrainstorm:: List all the ideas that you List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper want to include in your paper

OrganizeOrganize:: Group related ideas together Group related ideas together

• OrderOrder:: Arrange material in subsections Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from from general to specific or from abstract to concrete, etc. abstract to concrete, etc.

• LabelLabel:: Create main and sub headings Create main and sub headings

TheoryTheoryTheoryTheory

An outline has a balanced structure based An outline has a balanced structure based on the following principles:on the following principles:

– Parallelism Parallelism – Coordination Coordination – Subordination Subordination – Division Division

Coordination (categorization)Coordination (categorization)Coordination (categorization)Coordination (categorization)In outlining, those items which are of equal significance have In outlining, those items which are of equal significance have

comparable numeral or letter designations: an comparable numeral or letter designations: an AA is equal to a is equal to a BB, , a a 11 to a to a 22, an , an aa to a to a bb, etc. Coordinates should be seen as having , etc. Coordinates should be seen as having the same value. Coordination is a principle that enables a writer the same value. Coordination is a principle that enables a writer to maintain a coherent and consistent document.to maintain a coherent and consistent document.

• Correct coordinationCorrect coordination A. Working dogsA. Working dogs B. Sporting dogsB. Sporting dogs C. Toy dogsC. Toy dogs

• Faulty coordinationFaulty coordination A. Working dogsA. Working dogs

B. Irish SettersB. Irish SettersC. Miniature PinscherC. Miniature Pinscher

Coordination with SubordinationCoordination with SubordinationCoordination with SubordinationCoordination with Subordination• A. Types of dogsA. Types of dogs

1.1. Working dogsWorking dogs2.2. Sporting dogsSporting dogs3.3. Toy dogsToy dogs

• B. Working dogsB. Working dogs1.1. BoxerBoxer2. Alaskan Malamute3. Standard Schnauzer

• C. Sporting dogsC. Sporting dogs1.1. Irish SetterIrish Setter2.2. German Wirehaired PointerGerman Wirehaired Pointer3.3. English Springer SpanielEnglish Springer Spaniel

1.1. D. Toy dogsD. Toy dogs– Pekingese– Miniature Pinscher– Silky Terrier

DivisionDivisionDivisionDivision• To divide you always need at least two parts; therefore, there can To divide you always need at least two parts; therefore, there can

never be an never be an AA without a without a BB, a , a 11 without a without a 22, an , an aa without a without a bb, etc. , etc.

• Working dogsWorking dogs1.1. BoxerBoxer

1.1. TrainingTraining2.2. HealthHealth3.3. GroomingGrooming

2. Alaskan Malamute1.1. TrainingTraining2.2. HealthHealth3.3. GroomingGrooming

3. Standard Schnauzer

• Sporting dogsSporting dogs1.1. Irish SetterIrish Setter2.2. German Wirehaired PointerGerman Wirehaired Pointer3.3. English Springer SpanielEnglish Springer Spaniel

FormFormFormForm

The most important rule for outlining form is to be The most important rule for outlining form is to be consistent! An outline can use consistent! An outline can use topic topic or or sentencesentence structure. structure.

• A A topictopic outline outline uses words or phrases for all entries and uses words or phrases for all entries and uses no punctuation after entries.uses no punctuation after entries.– AdvantagesAdvantages: presents a brief overview of work and is generally : presents a brief overview of work and is generally

easier and faster to write than a sentence outline.easier and faster to write than a sentence outline.

• A A sentencesentence outline outline uses complete sentences for all uses complete sentences for all entries and uses correct punctuation.entries and uses correct punctuation.– AdvantagesAdvantages: presents a more detailed overview of work : presents a more detailed overview of work

including possible topic sentences and is easier and faster for including possible topic sentences and is easier and faster for writing the final paper.writing the final paper.

Roman NumeralsRoman NumeralsRoman NumeralsRoman Numerals

Use Roman numerals, letters or decimal formUse Roman numerals, letters or decimal formI.I.

A. A.

B.B.1. 1.

2.2.

II.II.A. A.

B.B.1. 1.

2.2.

DecimalDecimalDecimalDecimal

• 1.01.01.1 1.1

1.21.2

• 2.02.02.1 2.1

2.22.2

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/general/gl_outlin.html