English Colonization

Reasons for Colonization

• Privateers – pirates needed base to launch attacks on Spanish ships

• Northwest Passage – shortcut to the West Indies

• New markets for merchants

• England was too crowded – nation needed new place for expanding population

Roanoke

1587

First attempt to establish a colony – suffered from two failed attempts

Effect: Made English reluctant to set up another colony

Jamestown

• 1607

• Group of investors received a charter - permission from King James I – to set up colony.

• 100 colonists set up settlement in Virginia

Failure…

Jamestown nearly failed because:1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Failure…

Jamestown nearly failed because:1. Conflict with the Native Americans2. Unprepared – most men lacked skills

and were not accustomed to hard-work 3. Location – standing water bred

mosquitoes with disease4. Starvation – bad droughts added to lack

of preparedness5. Lack of leadership

Statistics

December, 1606 - 144 people left England

May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown

May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left

August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown

May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained

Jamestown BrochureYou have invested a great sum of money in this

Jamestown Colony. It is failing!!!!!!

Success = get more people to be willing to leave England and settle in Jamestown.

Create a brochure or advertisement for Jamestown.

What type of people are you going to target in your advertisement?

Must include:

1. Description of the settlement

2. Map of location in the New World

3. Description of the economic opportunities available to them

1624 – Became a royal colony with appointed governor and legislature (House of Burgesses)

Tobacco Tobacco 1613 First Shipment to England

p. 46 – Graph

SAVED JAMESTOWN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Indentured Servants

Contract – passage to New World paid in return for work

• Better technology in Europe created less of a demand for peasant work

• Poor were being moved off wealthier landowners land and lacked a place to go

• Estimated 100,000 to 150,000 traveled to new colonies as servants

• Many worked on growing tobacco plantations

Roanoke and Jamestown

Most settlers came for economic reasons!

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay

Most settlers came for religious reasons!

New England Colonies

• The 16th century Reformation (reform church) caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants

• One extreme group of Protestant reformers – the Puritans wanted to “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism

• They were persecuted in England – English subjects were required to attend services and pay taxes to the Church of England (Protestant)

Historical Background

Pilgrims were Puritans

35 Puritans set sail on the Mayflower

Landed on Cape Cod

Before getting off ship – made a compact called the Mayflower Compact

Idea of self-government in this document becomes one of U.S. founding principles

What about Thanksgiving????

• Thanksgiving was made into a national holiday during the Civil War

• Abraham Lincoln felt that it would boost patriotism

Puritans

• Wanted to be free to worship as they wanted - study bible, listen to sermons, and examine lives and world for clues of God’s will

• Predestination - God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in.

Salem Witch Trials

• 1692 – Salem, Massachusetts • Increasing family size fueled disputes over land

between neighbors and within families• Women subservient to their men = women more

likely to enlist in the Devil's service than a man was

• Small town atmosphere = people's opinions about their neighbors were generally accepted as fact

• "Children should be seen and not heard"

Hysteria in Salem led to 20 people being executed for witchcraft.

HOW and WHY did this happen?

According to the play…

• Abigail Williams' age to 17• Proctor was a farmer• John and Elizabeth had two young sons. • Rebecca Nurse, John Proctor, and Martha Corey

were all hung on the same day while saying the Lord’s Prayer

According to history…• Abigail Williams' age was 11• John Proctor was 60 and Elizabeth was 41• Elizabeth was his third wife• John Proctor was a tavern keeper• Living with them was their daughter aged 15, their son who

was 17, and John's 33-year-old son from his first marriage• Everyone in the family was eventually accused of

witchcraft. • Rebecca Nurse was hanged on July 19, John Proctor on

August 19, and Martha Corey on September 22• The only person executed who recited the Lord's Prayer on

the gallows was Rev. George Burroughs – it was believed that a witch could not recite this prayer without making a mistake – his prayer caused quite a stir – he was still hung

New England Colonies

• Religious groups – wanted religious freedom for themselves

• Puritans

COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCE

• New England Colonists (Puritans) soon conflicted with the Native Americans over land & religion

• King Philip’s War was fought in 1675 between the Natives and Puritans ending a year later with many dead and the Natives retreating

Middle Colonies

SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES• Dominated by Dutch

and Quaker settlers, the Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s

• William Penn led Quaker as they colonized Pennsylvania and Delaware

I believed in religious tolerance.

Southern

Colonies

Southern Colonies

• In the South, rural Plantations with a single cash crops- were common

Southern Plantation

Diversity of Colonies

New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies.

New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming

Middle – diverse, farming, trading

Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities

ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER

• By 1752, England controlled all 13 colonies.

How did they control these colonies that were an ocean away?

Mercantilism & Navigation Acts

MERCANTILISM:

MERCANTILISM: More gold and silver (bullion), the wealthier and more powerful a country would be – sell more to other country than you purchase

Colonies – produce raw materials needed to make things

England –

• control how raw materials are bought

• Takes raw materials and manufactures them into products

Other Countries – buys manufactured goods from England

Raw materials

Manufactured Goods

Man

ufac

ture

d G

oods G

old and Silver

Gold and Silver

NAVIGATION ACTS• 1651

– Goods imported to England from colonies could only be transported in English ships

• 1660 - – American colonies could only export sugar, tobacco,

cotton, and indigo to England

• 1663 – – All foreign goods shipped to colonies had to pass

through English ports so that the goods could be taxed.

Effects of these acts:• Not strictly enforced!! • Made some colonists resentful!!• Brought prosperity to England!

THE ENLIGHTENMENT• 1700s• An intellectual movement • Began in Europe• Emphasized reason, science, observation and logic.• Scientists used scientific method to explain things. • Others applied this type of thinking to law and government.

Why is the Enlightenment important?Many ideas coming from Enlightenment are

incorporated into the making of the new nation. Also, ideas fueled independence movement – revolution.

Locke

government should protect peoples’ natural rights of life, liberty and property

Baron de Montesquieu

power in government should be divided to prevent one group from gaining too much power.

THE GREAT AWAKENING• Church leaders worried people

were losing interest in church• Fire & Brimstone style of worship;

large, emotionally charged crowds• The Great Awakening led people

to "experience God in their own way" and taught that they were responsible for their own actions.

Why is the Great Awakening important while studying U.S. History?

• Linked colonies in a new way

• Helped Methodist, Presbyterian, Congregationalists, and Baptists churches becomes well established

Enlightenment

Great Awakening

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

Who? Britain and Colonists

vs. French and Native Americans

Why? Competition in over land

Where? Ohio River valley

FRENCH INDIAN WAR BY NAT YOUNGBLOOD

Before War

French and Indian War cont.

Important Facts • British led by very successful Major - George

Washington

What is the outcome?• British defeat French• Treaty of Paris ends the war in 1763• Brits claim most of North America including

Florida (from French ally Spain) & Canada

British Win the War

Causes

Effects

Causes

French and Indian War

Effects

PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763

• Continued hostilities between Native Americans and British made newly acquired land too dangerous

• Would have required too much money and too many resources to control

• British prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

• Colonists settled there anyway!!!

British Actions:

Colonists Reaction:

1.Stamp Act2.Townshend Acts3.Boston Massacre4.Tea Act5. Intolerable Acts6.Lexington and Concord

Quiz

New England Colonies – Puritans, Salem Witch Trials, King Philip’s War

Middle ColoniesSouthern ColoniesMercantilismEnlightenmentGreat AwakeningFrench and Indian WarStamp Act - Townshend Acts – Boston Massacre