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The English Colonies of North America Paige Ellis

English colonies of north america

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Page 1: English colonies of north america

The English Colonies of North America

The English Colonies of North America

Paige EllisPaige Ellis

Page 2: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 7- Chesapeake ColoniesAmerican Colonies 7- Chesapeake Colonies

• The first colonists were primarily planters- former indentured servants, who cherished their new independence and land ownership.

• Their political hierarchy consisted of:– The king/parliament– The provincial government in the colony– The county court and parish– The family unit- “little commonwealth”

• Due to a lack of colonists to share the work force, many suffered from too much labor.• Eventually, the poverty of England and the hope of opportunity drew

more colonists.

• The first colonists were primarily planters- former indentured servants, who cherished their new independence and land ownership.

• Their political hierarchy consisted of:– The king/parliament– The provincial government in the colony– The county court and parish– The family unit- “little commonwealth”

• Due to a lack of colonists to share the work force, many suffered from too much labor.• Eventually, the poverty of England and the hope of opportunity drew

more colonists.

Page 3: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 7- Chesapeake ColoniesAmerican Colonies 7- Chesapeake Colonies• At first, the colonists fared well, because land and servants

were easily obtained.• By 1665, Chesapeake’s age of opportunity dwindled down

and the establishment of prosperous lands turned into a wealthy plantation society, and poverty increased.

• The colonists began to suffer a shorter life expectancy, poor prospects of marriage and offspring, intense labor, and insufficient shelter against harsh climates.

• At first, the colonists fared well, because land and servants were easily obtained.

• By 1665, Chesapeake’s age of opportunity dwindled down and the establishment of prosperous lands turned into a wealthy plantation society, and poverty increased.

• The colonists began to suffer a shorter life expectancy, poor prospects of marriage and offspring, intense labor, and insufficient shelter against harsh climates.

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Page 4: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 7- Chesapeake ColoniesAmerican Colonies 7- Chesapeake Colonies• Governor Berkeley was appointed, which further worsened

the political state.

• Unhappy with Berkeley, the people found relief in Nathaniel Bacon who defeated the Indians, and led Bacon’s rebellion against Berkeley.

• The crown intervened and sent a new governor, who soon died from disease, along with most of his troops.

• These incidents led to the English power subsiding, and led the colonists to boast of representing all freed Virginian colonists from intrusion of crown power.

• Governor Berkeley was appointed, which further worsened the political state.

• Unhappy with Berkeley, the people found relief in Nathaniel Bacon who defeated the Indians, and led Bacon’s rebellion against Berkeley.

• The crown intervened and sent a new governor, who soon died from disease, along with most of his troops.

• These incidents led to the English power subsiding, and led the colonists to boast of representing all freed Virginian colonists from intrusion of crown power.

Page 5: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 9- Puritans and IndiansAmerican Colonies 9- Puritans and Indians

• The the Puritans perceived the pre-colonial landscape as “a hideous and desolate wilderness full of wild beasts and wild men.”

• They feared that their people would succumb to the Indian lifestyle, so they labored hard in an effort to preserve their identity as civilized Christians.

• The Puritans cultivated crops and constructed buildings in an English fashion, trying their hardest to duplicate the English landscape and lifestyle.

• The the Puritans perceived the pre-colonial landscape as “a hideous and desolate wilderness full of wild beasts and wild men.”

• They feared that their people would succumb to the Indian lifestyle, so they labored hard in an effort to preserve their identity as civilized Christians.

• The Puritans cultivated crops and constructed buildings in an English fashion, trying their hardest to duplicate the English landscape and lifestyle.

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Page 6: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 9- Puritans and IndiansAmerican Colonies 9- Puritans and Indians

• The Indian and Puritan lifestyle differed significantly:– The Indians lived a mobile lifestyle, while

the English preferred fixed settlements. – The Indians thought the English were

stingy with their land and “enslaved” to their properties and belongings.

– The Indians demanded less from nature. They put less labor into it and extracted less, while the English relied heavily on cultivating.

– For the Indians, the land was not something to claim, until the buying and selling of land began.

• The Indian and Puritan lifestyle differed significantly:– The Indians lived a mobile lifestyle, while

the English preferred fixed settlements. – The Indians thought the English were

stingy with their land and “enslaved” to their properties and belongings.

– The Indians demanded less from nature. They put less labor into it and extracted less, while the English relied heavily on cultivating.

– For the Indians, the land was not something to claim, until the buying and selling of land began.

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Page 7: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 9- Puritans and IndiansAmerican Colonies 9- Puritans and Indians

• The first uprising between the New Englanders and the Indians initiated the Pequot war in 1636.– The Connecticut, Plymouth, Massachusetts, and

allied Indians went up against the Pequot in an effort to extend the colonists’ territory.

• The Indians shrunk to a minority, and by 1670 the 52,000 English colonists outnumbered the surrounding Indians by three to one.

• At first, the Puritans did little to evangelize to the Indians, but when they received criticism from their comrades in England, they began to take on more of a missionary role.

• The first uprising between the New Englanders and the Indians initiated the Pequot war in 1636.– The Connecticut, Plymouth, Massachusetts, and

allied Indians went up against the Pequot in an effort to extend the colonists’ territory.

• The Indians shrunk to a minority, and by 1670 the 52,000 English colonists outnumbered the surrounding Indians by three to one.

• At first, the Puritans did little to evangelize to the Indians, but when they received criticism from their comrades in England, they began to take on more of a missionary role.

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Page 8: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 11-CarolinaAmerican Colonies 11-Carolina

• Carolina was established in the 1670’s between Florida and Chesapeake.

• It started out with 200 colonists and grew to 6,600 by 1670.• The rulers attracted colonists with the

promise of “religious toleration, political representation…a long exemption from quitrents, and large grants of land.”

• It was ruled by the Lords Proprietor, 8 political favorites of the king who remained in England and let Sir John Yeamans oversee everything.

• The colonists feared that the Indians would unite with the slaves and revolt, so they appeased the Indians by trading and selling them guns.

• Carolina was established in the 1670’s between Florida and Chesapeake.

• It started out with 200 colonists and grew to 6,600 by 1670.• The rulers attracted colonists with the

promise of “religious toleration, political representation…a long exemption from quitrents, and large grants of land.”

• It was ruled by the Lords Proprietor, 8 political favorites of the king who remained in England and let Sir John Yeamans oversee everything.

• The colonists feared that the Indians would unite with the slaves and revolt, so they appeased the Indians by trading and selling them guns.

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Page 9: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 11-CarolinaAmerican Colonies 11-Carolina

• The wealthiest colonists, the Goose Creek Men, ignored the Lords Proprietor

• They sent an agent to England, requesting that the crown replace them with a provisional government.

• The Lords proprietor were bought out and the “great planter elite” solidified their power.

• The leaders secured the Carolina frontier and gained mastery over the natives by:– Pushing the gun trade among the Indians– Recruiting slave catchers from the Indians– Forming alliances with the Iroquois and Cherokee, so when the

Spanish attacked they were able to save the colony.

• The wealthiest colonists, the Goose Creek Men, ignored the Lords Proprietor

• They sent an agent to England, requesting that the crown replace them with a provisional government.

• The Lords proprietor were bought out and the “great planter elite” solidified their power.

• The leaders secured the Carolina frontier and gained mastery over the natives by:– Pushing the gun trade among the Indians– Recruiting slave catchers from the Indians– Forming alliances with the Iroquois and Cherokee, so when the

Spanish attacked they were able to save the colony.

Page 10: English colonies of north america

American Colonies 11-CarolinaAmerican Colonies 11-Carolina

• In the 1720’s, Carolina and British imperialists strengthened the southern frontier by creating the colony of Georgia.

• It was controlled by the Georgia Trustees, a group of wealthy merchants and Anglican ministers.

• They ruled from oversees and elected a court of four officials to govern the Georgia colony.

• Slavery was thought to corrode the labor discipline among white men, so they wanted more farms worked by free families.

• The Georgia trustees also prohibited rum-drinking and banned lawyers from practicing.

• In 1751 the trustees surrendered the colony to the crown, and it was turned into a virtual replica of South Carolina

• In the 1720’s, Carolina and British imperialists strengthened the southern frontier by creating the colony of Georgia.

• It was controlled by the Georgia Trustees, a group of wealthy merchants and Anglican ministers.

• They ruled from oversees and elected a court of four officials to govern the Georgia colony.

• Slavery was thought to corrode the labor discipline among white men, so they wanted more farms worked by free families.

• The Georgia trustees also prohibited rum-drinking and banned lawyers from practicing.

• In 1751 the trustees surrendered the colony to the crown, and it was turned into a virtual replica of South Carolina

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