English Class Luka Bakar- Listrik- Forensik Unhas.ppt

8/14/2019 English Class Luka Bakar- Listrik- Forensik Unhas.ppt

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Heat Trauma

Definition: Wound by touching outer or inner bodywith heat, cold, chemical reagent or electricity

Devided to:

1. Thermal Burna. Coldb. Heat :

* Scald (moist heat)* Burn (dry heat)

2. Chemical Burn3. Electrical Burn


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Cold Trauma

General Reaction: Pale skincaused by vasoconstruction

reddish due to vasodilatationvisceral

organ congestion

coma Autopsy:

* Heart contains of light red blood

* Visceral organ congestion* Light red of livor mortis with dark red blood

rashes


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Scald, Moist Heat

- Burn wound by heat liquid / gasses- 3 grade :* Erythema* Blister

* Coagulation / necrosisBurn (Dry Heat)

- There are 4 grades:

1. Erythema2. Blister3. Necrosis4. Carbonization


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Chemical Burn

- High concentrate acid

Skin/ tissue - Dry- Rough- Dark brown

-High concentrate alkalineSkin : - Smooth

- White- Soapy touch

Manner of death:-Usually accident-Murdering-Suicide


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General reaction of heat

1. Heat Exhaution- Increase of thermal body- Irregular pulse

- Collaps

death- Dark colour of heart erythrocyte2. Heat Stroke

Heat causes paralyse of thermal centrein medullatacchycardiacirculatory collaps

death


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Autopsy:- Congested organ- Dark blood in heart- Brain oedemaoccur by increasing of temperature and air

moist.3. Heat Cramps

Increasing temperaturemore sweatingincrease of ion Cl excretionmuscularspasms

General reaction of heat


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Severity of burn

The severity of thermal injury depend on:

A. The extent of the burned area

B. The severity of the burn

C. The age of the victim

D. The presence of inhalation injuries


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B. The severity of the burn

Can be described as :First degree (superficial burns)The skin is erythematouscongestedvessels in the dermis

* Second degree burns- Partial thickness burns subdivided into :

1. Superficial2. Deep


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Second degree burns

1. Superficial

Destruction of the striatum granulosumand cornium with the basal layer, nottotally destroyedheals withoutscarring.

2. Deep

Complete disruption of epidermis anddestruction of most basal layer


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Coagulation necrosis of the epidermis anddermis with destruction of the dermalappendagesscar

Third degree burns


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Incinerating injuries extending deeper thanthe skin

Fourth degree burns


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Intravital signs of burn wound

- Light red of livor mortis(cherry red)COHb

- Blister

- Respiratory tractdusty

- Inflammation of burn wound tissue.


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Intravital signs of burning cases

- Burn wound bullae

- Carbon in respiratory tract- COHb level : above 10 %, heavysmoker more than 25 %


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Cause of death:a. Fast : - CO intoxicationAsphyxia

- Larinx oedema- Neurogenic shock

b. Moderate : - Dehydrationc. Slow :- Renal failureAcute tubular necrosis

- CRLING ulcer- Sepsis- Auto intoxication


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Manner of death :

Murdering

Accident

Suicide


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Pseudoepidural

Haematome

Epidural

Haematome

Blood clot Brownish Blackish

Consistency Brittle Elastic

Brain shape Shrinkage Concaveaccording tocoagulated

bloodSkull linefracture

Unidentified Through medialmeningia artery

way


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Electrical Burn

The factor that influent electrical effect :1. Voltage Density

V = 60 Volt dangerous

2. Current Density> 65 mA dangerous

3. Current Path Resistence

Burn skinincreasing meassurement4. Time Duration of Current Flow


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5. Victim situation

- Consiousness or not- Victims occupation

- Health/sick

Cause of death :

Ventrikel fibrillation

Paralyze Centrum medulla

Paralyze Respiratory muscle

Electrical Burn


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Mechanism of death

Current Density is the most important factor,currents between 75100 mA causedventricular fibrilation. Extremelly high currents

1A/ higher usually cause ventricular arrest.Paralysis of the muscles usually caused by lowamperage electrocutionasphyxia

Paralysis of the respiratory center of the brainstemp caused by the hyperthermic effect of thecurrent (high voltage current)


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Electricution

Manners of death

* Accident

* Suicides* Homocides


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Autopsy:

1. Outer examination

- Electrical marks (current marks)

* Palm / plant* Dorsal hand, etc

Burnt skin, cloth or burnt hair may

occur


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2. Inner examination Heart filled with blood

Congestion of visceral organs Lung Oedema

Conjunctiva bleeding, pericard bleeding

Rhexis of muscles

Pearl like body on bone. Bone fracture

Autopsy:


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LightningStatic electric content in cloud with voltage up to 1

million volt and current density up to 100.000ampere in 1/10001 second released to earth.

Body disorders depends on:

1.Electrical ware factor

* Signs like electrical injury

* Arboresscent marking caused by blood vessel

dilatation

* Magnetisation


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2. High temperature factor (Electicalenergy)

W = V x Aheat

Heat:* Burning wound

* Metalization

3. Air exchange/ explotion factorblunttrauma


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English Class Luka Bakar- Listrik- Forensik Unhas.ppt