325

English – Kora index

Aaardwolf ǀib abba-kaross (baby sling) ǁhaneb abdomen (lower) ǀ’ōbābabove ǂ’amka absent ǀxaisa, hã tama acacia species: See Special List 3accuse ǀkx’ana accustomed, used to ǂ’ankx’aiache, be sore, hurt thũAdam’s apple ǃkx’ārābadd to koko admire, be amazed buruadze ǁhabaǃ’amsafter thoakx’ai afternoon ǃ’uiǁkx’aeb, ǃ’uriafternoon, evening ǃ’uib again, a second time ǀamǃãagain, also ǁxābaagent mãbasakhoeb/salive kx’ũi all hoa, hoase, horakaall, the whole of koballow mãkx’amalmighty hoaǀaikuaalmost ǂanixasealone ǀona, ǀguisealter, change dīǃxonialthough, nevertheless xabe always ǀnikaalways, eternally hoaǁkx’aekuaamid, between ǁ’aigu (postposition)among, in ǃna (postposition)amused (be) sõeand tsĩ (~ tsi, thi, ti, tĩ)and i, ī (~ ĩ)and then ī ko (~ ī ho)anger, wrath ǁxōb anger, annoy, enrage ǁxōǁxōangry (be) ǃ’ã, ǁxōangry ǁxansa, ǀhāxa, thũǂaokx’ai, ǁxoǂaokx’ai

animal names: See Special List 2ankle, ankle bone ǃorob anklet rattles ǀxororokua

announce, make known ǂ’anǂ’an, ǂhãiǂhãi(xa)

annoy, worry, tease ǁnoraannoyed, upset, heartsore thũthũsen answer, give reply ǂhoaǂhõa, ǂhoakx’amant (various small species) ǃomborob,

kx’anim anteater ǂgōxum, ǃgoxomab anthill, termite heap amsanthrax ǂnubiǀkx’aibantidote ǃ’oaǃ’oab appoint, set mĩmãsi approximately thãseApril ǂXũǁ’ōbǁhāmarise, wake khãi arm ǁ’õab arm (upper part) ǁxũiaround ǂnamiarrange, put in place mãsi arrange, set in order dīǂhanuarrive sīǃna, ǃũǃoxaarrived (have) ǃoāxaarrow ǂ’ābas if, seeming khamaascend, climb ǃ’aba ash thaobask tĩ (~ tẽ)assemble, collect, meet ǀhau (intransitive

verb)at diba (~ daba), kx’ai (postposition) at, on top of ǂ’amka (postposition)attach, fasten, stick on to ǂ’ai August Xa̰ukaǀununu, ǂAwaǁxãmautumn ǃXarisavenge dīǂ’akx’amawake ǂxai awl, bodkin, needle ǂ’orobaxe ǃ’ōsaxe-handle ǃ’ōǁnām-

Bbaboon ǀnaidab/s/ibaby sling, abba-kaross ǁhaneb back (of body) ǁkx’ãbback, behind, last ǃause (adverb) backbone, small of back, ridge ǁhurib

326 CHAPTER 6

bad ǁkx’orexa, ǁ’au (~ ǁgaosa), thūsa, ǁasi bad, evil-hearted ǁasiǂaobad omen (be) ǀgoaǀgoabag, leather sack for curdled milk ǃ’ababbag, sack, pouch ǁhōbbald-head, blaze (of animal) ǂābbaptise ǂnamũ (~ ǀnamũ)barbel, carp ǂnūǁ’aub bare, empty ǀ’ōbarefoot ǀ’ōǂ’aibark, bay, howl ǁhūbark, husk, rind sorobbarter, trade ǁ’āmā base for buchu powder ǂ’aeb (~ ǀaeb)basket (large) ǀhāsbasket (small) ǀharub be a (aspectual marker, copula in present

and future tenses) be i (~ ĩ) (aspectual marker, copula in past

tenses) bead types and strings of:

bead necklace ǁakarabbead ornament ǀ’aibbead string (ostrich eggshell) ǁnuibbead strings worn round body ǃkx’amsbeads (large), necklace of ǃkx’ammi beads (mixed), string of ǃ’ariakarablarge glass (black, blue, green) ǃxams small, wood or stone ǀkx’aibvery small, different colours ǀkx’ais

beans, of elandsboontjie tsililikua beard, moustache ǀnummabeat (of heart) ǂnākx’ambeat, strike, hit ǂnau because tu’i (?)because, on account of ǁnāmaka, hētihi bed-mat (leather) ǀoababee uībbee species sabibbeer (honey) ǃxaris beestings, colostrum ǁhammibefore, in front of, facing kx’aiǃ’a beg ǂona beggar ǂonakx’aob, ǂ’ũkahãbbegin thõathõabehind, after ǃause (adverb)behind, back of ǃã (postposition)believe ǂombelly, paunch xabas (?)

below thoa, ǃnaka bend, bow ǃgamǃgamsenbend knee, kneel ǃhon berries ǀgananaka (~ ǀgararakua)berry bush species: See Special List 3between ǁkx’aigu (postposition) big kaibird (general) kx’anisbird names: See Special List 2birth õaēbbite bābitter kx’au bitterbos ǀgummablack ǂnūblacksmith karokx’aob blameless, innocent ǀhabi’osablesbok ǃnaberibbless ǀxaiblessing, mercy, gospel ǀxaib, ǁxaisblind ǀhamkx’aiblink, wink ts’uts’ublinkklip (specularite) ǀhaibblister, form blisters ǂhoro (intransitive

verb)blister, lump, swelling ǃhubub blister beetle (Mylabris species) ǁnabosblood ǀ’aob bloukop-koggelmander ǀ’uixexoebblow (as wind) ǃom blow (with mouth) ǃnasi (~ ǀnasi)blow (as when playing wind instrument)

xãe (~ xãi)blue, grey, roan ǃnoa blue wildebeest ǃnoagoabblue-bush (bloubos) ǂharibblunt ǂ’ububody, side ǀxāb boil, simmer, cook ǀũ (intransitive verb)boil ǀũǀũ (transitive verb)bone ǂxōbbook, letter ǂxanis (~ ǀxanib)boomslang ǃ’urub, ǁxurubborn (be) ǃnaebosom, breast thamkx’aribbow (hunting and musical) khās bow, musical (types of):

multiple strings over resonator ǃgutsesmouth bow, non-attached resonator ǃgabus

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 327

with mouth-blown quill reed goras non-attached resonator, string struck with small stick khās

bow-string ǁ’abas bow, bend ǃamǃã, ǃamǃamsenbox (wooden), case, chest ǂaesbox, fight with fists ǃ’umǂnoaguboy-child ǀ’ōbboy (young man, youth) kx’arob, kx’axabbrain ǂxũb branch, twig, leaf ǁnãubbrandsiekte, disease of sheep ǀgaros bread bereb bread, grain, corn ǃhorobbreak khõa break off ǃxombreak up, smash ǂxamǂxambreath ǀ’ummabreath, soul ǀ’umsbreathe ǁ’ūbridge, ford ǀgaosbring ūhābring here ūsībring near (make closer) ǀūǀūbroad, wide, flat ǂhababroken khõasabrother ǃãb brother-in-law ǀ’uib brown ǃoa(sa), ǀoa, ǃgausabrown hyena (strandwolf) ǂnūǂhirasbuchu powder sãbbud kx’umm (verb?)buffalo ǀaob build kx’om builder kx’omkx’aob bulb, edible wild !’ob (See Special List 3

for different species)bull ǁgōbbull ǂxaramab bull, cow gomab/sbullet, shot, ball ǀkx’urisbullroarer burubur(u)s bundle, load, bale ǃxaiǀxāb burn dao (intransitive verb)burn, set alight ǂhubi (transitive verb)burning daosaburrweed (klitsgras) ǂ’areǀgãbburst ǃkx’ai, ǀai, !huibury, inter ǃnau

bushpig ǀhuǁnakx’ob, ǁnãkx’ob bushy species of plant: See Special List 3but i butter (melted) ǀgobebbutter-storing skin ǁubub/sbutterfly species: See Special List 2buttermilk ãubībbuttocks ǃgubigubutton gunubēsbuy, barter, trade ǁ’āmā by xa (postposition, may be associated with

postnominal –a)

Ccalf ǂnõab/s/icall, name ǂaicall, as ostrich ǃgumcall loudly, shout, shriek ǂaiǂkx’oasi,

!kx’aucamelthorn acacia ǁganab campsite hãǃxaibcannabis, dagga ǃ’amaxab canter, as horse ǃ’orecap, head-dress ǀabascapable ǀaiǂao (‘strong-hearted’)Cape fox (draaijakkals, bat-eared fox)

(Otocyon megalotis) ǃxamab captain, chief gaokx’aob captive, servant ǃāb/s/icarp, barbel ǂnūǁ’aub carry tanicarry child on back abacarve rings around a piece of wood kx’aracat, wildcat ǀhõab/s/i catch, grab, hold ǃxō caterpillar species ǃhũtsiǃhũbeb caterpillar species (multi-coloured) ǀhōǂonib

cattleherd gomaǃoasikx’aobcease, finish, stop ǃhuichair ǂnũkx’ãischameleon ǁxurutsiǁkuheb, khūtukakhūbebchampion ǃ’oasāb chase away ǃhaibēchase, follow ǃũǁkx’aiǁkx’aichase, hunt ǁaru, !hamichase off ǁarubēchase, pester, keep on after ǃũsao chatter kobakxam

328 CHAPTER 6

cheat, deceive huriǃxarucheck all around ǃoa cheek (of face) tampanib, ǂ’uiǂ’uib cheetah ǃxurukub, ǃ’arurub, ǃkx’aururubchickenpox ǁgamǃonaschief, ruler, judge gaokx’aob/s chief’s co-counsellor (‘chief’s right-hand’)

gaokx’aob(di kx’am)ǁõab chief’s deputy (‘under-chief’) ǃnakamãgaokx’aob

child, offspring õab/s/ichild, very young person ǀ’ōb/s/i chin ǃannachisel, adze (noun) ǁhabaǃ’amschoir, ensemble performers ǃxōǂnaekx’ona

choose, select kx’õaǂkx’oasi churn ǁnubu (verb)churn ǁnubuǁhoeb (noun)chyme (intestinal contents) ǀharabclan ǁ’aib/s clan names: See Special List 1claw, fingernail ǁorobclay, mud ǂoas clean, pure ǃ’anu clean, wash (clothes) ǂuruǂuruclean self khosen cleanse ǃ’anuǃ’anuclever, wise gā(sa), gākx’aīcleverness gābcliff ǁnōǁnōbclimb ǃ’aba, ǂ’amaclimber (plant species) haikuadorascloak (soft, used for burials) gārēbcloak, kaross ǂnamma close up something ǃgabakx’am cloth ǃxaibclothes tanikua, ǃxankua, ǂxankuacloud, sky ǀhommicoals ǂnum-cobra (geelslang) ǀhaiǀ’aobcold ǃxai, ǂ’ausacold (noun), coolness ǃxaib, ǂ’aub cold, cooled down (be) ǃxaiǃxaiecollect, gather, assemble ǀhauǀhau collect honey samcolour ǂ’ūbcome hācome out from ǂkx’oaxa

comfort (verb) thamthamǂaocommand mĩbacommandments, rules, prohibitions ǁxaeb compare ǂxō conceal, hide gaugaucondemn, accuse, judge ǀora conductor, leader of flute ensemble

performance ǃxoǃnaǃausabconquer bāconqueror bākx’aob consider ǂ’ãiǂ’ãisen consult ǀkx’abebagu container (tortoise-shell) ǃ’uruscontemplate, consider, think over ǂ’ãiǂ’ãisen

content, happy ǃãi(x)aǂaocontinue, last, endure ǂxarucontradict ǃ’oaǃ’oa cook, boil ǀgũ (intransitive verb) cook sãsi (transitive verb)cord, string thurib correct, put in good order ǂhanusedī, ǂhanuǂhanu

correct, right, in good order (be) ǂhanucorrectness ǂhanubcosmetic, face-paint ǃgukx’unubiscough ǁ’ui count ǃgõa, ǀkx’ācounting game ǃgabescountry, land, earth ǃhūbcousin, nephew, niece ǁnulib/scover thōmǂam, ǃū (transitive verb)crack (a whip) ǃgoacrane (bird) ǃhoarǃnān, xuruxurub, ǃhanumuǃnoab

crave, long for ǁxorēcrawl, as baby ǂhanacream ǃkx’abubcreate, make kuru creator (divine), mythological being

Tsuiǁõab creator, inventor kurukx’aob creature, creation kuruxub creep, crawl away donicreep, stalk (as hunter) ǀxuricreep, stir, flutter kun(kun)creep out from kunxucreeper (sp. plant) ǀ’orobcrest, crown ǀhaebcrippled (be) ǃhora

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 329

crook, scoundrel ǀhõagaobcrooked ǃhoaǃna, ǀhoa, ǁgau, gamacrow (black) ǁhamxorabcrow (white-collared) gorābcry, scream kx’ācunning, smart ǀguixa(sa)cup, drinking vessel kx’āǃ’orescure (heal) person kx’ora, ǁnebi cure, tan (hide) ǀnolocurl up ǃhunkhobacurrent (in river) ǁhūm-curse, swear ǀgoecushion, pillow (leather) ǂabibcut ǃao,cut apart ǃaoǃācut away, trim ǃaobēcut hide circularly, for thongs ǁharicut off ǃaicut off small piece, cut out thongs sōcut throat (of animal, for sacrifice) ǃaoxodom, xaodom

cut up, chop xaocut, shave ǂxum (~ ǂxom)cutter, leather-worker ǃaokx’aob

Ddagga, hemp, cannabis ǃ’amaxab daily hoatsēkuadance ǀai (verb)dance ǀaīb (noun)dancing, of women to the flute arudappled, variegated, painted ǀgaru dark (become) ǃxai darkness, evening, night ǃxaibdassie ǃkx’ãusdaughter õasdawn ǁgoaǀababday tsēb day after tomorrow ǁoababǃãkx’aidaily hoatsēkua dazzle (of sun’s rays) soresdiǂxãi- (noun,

gender unknown)dead ǀxaisa (euphemism, ‘departed’)death ǁ’ōb debate, orate kobakx’aoDecember ǃAusimãǁxãb (~ ǃAusemaǁharreǁxām)

deceive, trick gāgā declare, explain ǁnāǃ’a

decorate, paint or mark with ornamental designs ǂ’uǂ’u

deep ǁhoa!na, ǃhoaǃna, ǃamǃãdefeat, conquer bā (~ bã)delay, neglect ǀhanisendeliver (send something) sīǁnadeliver, rescue, redeem orebadent (in metal) abo-, am-deny ǂxa (~ ǀxa)depart, leave, go away xudescend, go down, get down ǁgõadescent, lineage ǃnuabadesert (noun), arid veld ǃ’aukarobdesert, flee, run away ǃkx’oe desire, want, lack, need tura desire, want, wish ǂao desist from doing dīxudeurmekaarbos ǁalibdew ǁamǁkx’āb (~ ǁ’āb)die ǁ’ōdie of starvation, poverty ǁkx’aroǁ’ōdifferent, other ǀxaradig khao (~ khau)dig into, as with spade ǃhādigging stick ǃhāhaib, ǀkx’ākhaos (lit.

‘sharp digger’, avoidance term?)digging stick weight (bored stone) ǃhares dip, immerse ǂ’um direct, arrange kx’unudirty ǀkx’uriǀkx’uri, ǀkx’uri dirty, make dirty ǀkx’uriǀkx’uridisease, illness, sickness ǀ’aebdisease (of sheep, brandsiekte) ǀgaros disobey ǁnãuǁ’oadissatisfied (be) ǃhaǃhuimũditch, sloot, river ǂgãb, ǃ’abdivide ūǃ’ādivide, share out mãǃ’ãdo, make dīdo for dība do wrong, be guilty ǀhabidoctor, sorcerer ǃaixāb dog arib/sdog (large breed, domesticated for

hunting) ǃOra’alina (~ arina)donate ǀgaumãdoor kx’amxab (~ kx’amma)door, lane kx’amǁ’ābdoubt, be doubtful ĩkaǀaē

330 CHAPTER 6

Douglas ǃ’Ommikx’ami (name of town) dove, turtle-dove ǂnais, ǃxaiǂnabusdown from ǁõasi dowse, extinguish (as fire), dry up (as

water) ǀkx’ari dragonfly ǁamǂxuribdraw, drag, pull ǂae draw water ǀkx’arodream ǁhabōb, ǁ’umǀxoab (noun)dream ǁ’omǀxoā (verb)dress (verb) ǃxansen, ǂaeǂaesen, anadriedoring ǁhau drift, float ǃamadrink kx’ādrive, push doēǁadrive away ǁabē drought ǀxurubdrum ǀxaisdrunk, inebriated ǀoro dry , as vegetables, meat ǀ’ōǀ’ō (verb)dry up, as water ǀkx’aridry up, wither, shrivel ǂ’ō (~ ǀ’ō)dry, arid earth ǂ’ōsa ǃhūbduiker (antelope) (platduiker) ǀgarosdummy calf ǃgūkhurub (~ kharob)dung (dried) ǀkx’arubdung (wet) ǀhāubduring ǂnũse (?)dust tharabduty dīb duwweltjie thorn ǀhanibdwell, live, settle ǁ’an dwelling place ǁ’ānǃxaib, ǁ’anǃ’ās

Eeager ǀkx’oasaeagerness ǀkx’oasab eagle kaiǃnās ear ǁnãub early ǁoakaka earth ǃhūbeast sorebnaǂoaxaǀxābeasy, light subueasy, light suīeat ǂ’ũedge, rim kx’amedible ǂ’ũsiedible gum harab, ǃ’amarebedible wild bulbs: See Special List 3

edible wild cucurbit khãs edible wild root guxutsēbedible wild root ariǂ’aib edible wild root (long, white) dīxatseb eight ǁxaisieighteen ǁxaisiǀkx’aeland ǃxanselephant ǂxoābelephant’s foot plant (elandsboontjie) ǁ’aǂ’ab

eleven ǀuiǀkx’aemerge from, rise (as sun) ǂkx’oaxa empathise thãba empty ǀ’ōǃnāencircle, surround ǃhan encounter, meet ǀuiǂauend ǀ’ammaendless ǀ’am’oendure, suffer thũkxamē, thũǀxaenemy kx’au’iengrave, scratch, write xoaenough ǂ’ãusaenough (have), be sated ǁ’ãenrich ǃxūǃxūenter, go in ǂ’ãequal, same as, similar to khama err, make mistake, get lost ǁhabu estimate, valuation ǁ’ãixūb (noun)evening ǃ’uib evil spirit ǁgaunab exceed ǃ’amkuba exhausted ǀaiexpand, swell khoba explain ǁoesiǃ’aextinguish ǀkx’ari, ǂnaǀ’ariextol, praise gareextract ǂxueye mũbeyebrow ǀaub

Fface, surface kx’aibface-paint, cosmetic ǀhobosfail to do correctly, err, make mistake

dīsafall ǁnāfall down ǁoēǁnafamily (extended), kin group ǃhaosfamily, offspring, children õagub

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 331

far away ǃnū(ga)sefasten ǃabufasten with knot ǃhũfasten, tie up, bind, load, pack ǁhaufasten, tie, load !aifasten, load up, pack (as on to raft) !naofat (be) ǁ’au(sa), kaufat (melted) ǁnuibfather abob, ĩbfather, ancestor ǁũbfat-tailed sheep ǃOragusfear ǃ’ao (verb)fear ǃ’aos (noun)fearful, afraid ǃ’aosa, ǃhuriǃhurixafeast aribfeather ǃ’ammaFebruary ǂUniǁnaǁxam feeble, weak ǂxabusafeed, take animals to graze ǃũnǃ’ũ feel (cause to) thãthãfeel, try, test thãfence, hedge, screen ǃnubfestival, holiday kaitsēbfetch, bring ūhāfever ǁxais few ǀkx’oro fieldmouse (streepmuis) ǃausfight ǃ’ãgu, ǁ’ãgu (verb) fight ǁ’ãgub (noun)fight, make war ǁxãugufight with feet, kick-box ǃnũafight with fists, box ǃ’umǂnoagu file off, neaten, trim ǀxũǁnafill up ǀkx’oaǀkx’oa finch ǂ’ākx’anis find hōfinger ǀxunubfingernail, claw ǁorobfinish, complete toa (~ dītoa)finish, run out, expire, be exhausted ǃhoro fire ǀ’aeb fire-drill haidorosfirewood ǀ’aekua firewood, kindling ǀāhaibfirst kx’aisefirst quarter of moon ǃnaikx’imaǁxãb fish ǁ’aub/s fish species (without barbels) ǂones, ǂoneǁ’aub

fist ǃ’ums five koro flame khabuflash, as lightning tabaflash, sparkle, shine, glitter, dazzle ǂxai flat, broad, wide ǂhabaflea ǃ’aitabflee, fly, run doē, ǁhãflog, beat ǃōā, ǂnauflow, gush, as spring ǃhuiflow, stream ǃãmãflower gorāb/sflower tassle (yellow) of acacia thorn ǁharẽb

flutes (consort of individual monotone reed-flutes) ǂ’ādi

flute names (individual) for 4-flute consort:

1 ǂōǂōs2 ǃnamis3 kaiǂ’ās (tonic note (1) according to

some consultants)4 tuxanaflute names (individual) for 6- or

7-flute consort:1 ǁoǁos (~ ǂōǂōs)2 ǁgoatoab (largest, ‘roars’)3 gamas (~ gomas) (bass, few feet

long)4 ǁhũis (higher pitch, together with

gamas makes up the kai ǂ’ākua)5 ǃaros6a kx’āǁ’ãs (according to some

consultants)6b ǀũbis or ǃ’ulīs) (according to other

consultants)flutter, move, creep kun(kun) fly (insect) ǀganãb fly, flee, run away doē, !xoe, ǁhãfoam goabfog, mist taurab, daurab, ǀhomsfold up, put together ǃhunfollow sao, ǃũsaoǃ’ã, ǃũǁkx’aiǁkx’ai following, next (year) hisifood ǂ’ũbfoolish, feeble, weak ǂxabu (~ ǀhabu)foolish, stupid ǃautjefoot ǂ’aibforbid, oppose, deny ǂxa, ǀxaford (cross river) xanu

332 CHAPTER 6

ford, bridge ǀgaos, xanubforehead ǃkx’ūb, ǃ’ūkx’amsforemilk (from cow) kx’aibībforget ǃxam forgive ǂ’ũruba (~ ǀ’ũruba)forgive, allow xubaformer, long past, formerly hētsurika,

hētsēkafour hakafour times haka ǃnadi fragrant powder, buchu powder sãbfree for orēba free oneself orēsen frequently oaǁkx’aikuafriend ǁ’oma(khoe)b (~ ǁ’uma)friendliness ǁ’omaǁ’ā-friendly ǁ’umaǁ’ã, ǁ’umaǁ’umafriendship ǁ’umagubfright ǃhuribfrighten someone ǃhuriǃhurifrightened, fearing ǃhuri, ǃ’ao frightening ǃhuriǃhurixa, ǃ’aoǃ’aoxafrog ǀ’ubereb, ǃgoberib, ǂhorokx’obfrom xu (postposition, associated with

postnominal –a)frost, snow abāb, ǃxoab frozen aba’abasafruit species ǃnarobfruit species (bitter-apple) ǃnoasfruitful ǂ’ũǂ’ũfull (be, as pot) ǀkx’oa(sa)full (too) ǀkx’oaǃnafull moon ǃhaeǁkx’ãsfull-grown kaikai fuss, make noise ǀhafutile, in vain ǃākx’aiba

Ggall thābabgallop ǂuiǂnuwu, !oregames:

counting game ǃgabespick-up seeds ǀgibiguguessing game (which hand object is

hidden in) ǀhaiskleilat dzoroǃnoagu mancala ǁhūsspearing (of rolling target)

thamaǁ’ãigu

game, wild animals xamarengaol, prison ǁhaukx’ommagarden samob, ǃhãnãbgargle ǁoboGariep (Orange River) ǂNūǃgaribgarments, clothing in general tanikua, ǃxankua

garment for lower body, worn by men ǁhãib (~ ǃgaib)

garment for lower body, worn by women ǀxabib

headcloth !xaib headdress ǀhaeb headdress (soft, could be wrapped)

gārēbheaddress, cap, hat ǀabasheaddress, hat ǁhaisheaddress, of men ǀhãǁhaisheaddress, of women (tasseled) ǀhareǀabas

kaross, cloak ǂnammasandal, shoe ǁhabob wraparound skirt, worn by women ǃūb

gather, collect, assemble ǀhauǀhau (intransitive verb)

gather, collect dīǀhauǀhau (transitive verb)gather fruit, berries haregather, pick up small items ǀxorogathering, collection, assemblage ǀhũbgemsbok ǀais, xaibgenet dzoa, ǁ’arobget up early ǁgoaga khãiget down, climb off, dismount ǁõaxa ghee, melted butter ǀxurubebgifbol ǃxarobgiraffe ǃnaibgird, girdle (a horse) ǃ’aisen girl’s coming of age ceremony ǀhababgive mã, augive away mãxugive boy a cow of his own ǃnobagive portion of, share out mãǃ’ãgive to mãba glow-worm biriǂkanaglue, mastic thābgnu, wildebeest gaobgo ǃũ, ī, ǃãugo around ǃũǂnammigo away bē, ǃnauǁnago backwards ǃũbikx’oa

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 333

go for, fetch ǃũba go over ǃũǃnago through ǃxaru, ǀxarugo to (and reach), arrive, go and sī go up and down, rock ǀnabubēgoat birib/s/igoat (male) ǂxarabirib goat (small young) ǂxambirida’iGod, Creator ThuiǁGõabgone, lost bēsagood, beautiful, nice, fine ǃãi good, pretty, beautiful, fine ĩsa goose gãsgospel ǀxaibgrain, corn, bread ǃhorobgrandfather ǁnaobgrass (general) ǀãb grass for thatching (dekgras) ǃnaniǀgãbgrass species (kweekgras) ǀ’areǀgãbgrateful (be) ǀxo̰mgrave (burial place) ǀhōbābgraze, feed (as animal) ǃ’ũgreat, big kaigreedy ǁharigreen ǃkx’am greet nabē grey, blue ǃnoagrey hair ǃnoab grieve, weep sĩgrind (with stones) xongrind fine ǃnoroGriqua people Xirikuanagroan ǃaē ground, earth ǃhūbground squirrel (Xerus setosus) ǀeǂnābgroundcover (plant sp.) ǃ’urub grow beard ǃnum (?)grow, flourish (of plants) ǁhao grysbok ǃ’arisguard, take care of something valuable

dãsenguilt, fault ǀhabibguilty ǀhabixa(sa)guinea fowl ǀaeǂnub/sgum (edible, from acacias) harabgums (of mouth) ǁgũxugugun ǃ’abusgunpowder ǃ’abuxurubgurgling (of water) dubudubu

Hhailstorm ǃnannahair ǀ’ũb half-full ǃnabuhammer ǃ’arēs hammerhead bird ǁ’ases, ǃhamshand ǃ’ommi handle (of axe) ǃ’ōǁnamhandle (of spear), shaft kõahaib handsome, beautiful ĩsahang around neck (as necklace) ǁā hang up ǂamãsi happen ī ko happy ǃãixa, ǃãixaǂaohard karoharden karokarohardened karokarohard, tough karosa hard-veld (karoo) ǃ’aukarobhard, heavy ǃ’omhardebos ǃautsamabhare species ǃ’õas hare species (mountain hare) ǂnabasharsh, rough ǁōsaharslag (portion of meat) ǂ’aobhartebeest ǁxamab/s/ihastily, quickly sũse, ǁkx’ai’osē hat (worn by men) ǀhãǁhaishat (tassled, worn by women) ǀhareǀabashate kx’ui, ǂgaoǃnahateful, horrible kx’uixa-ahave ūhãhawk ǀkx’aubhawk, eagle, raptor species khaurub he ǁ’ãibhead mũǃ’ãbheaddress (types of) ǀhaeb, !xaib

headdress, cap ǀabasheaddress, hat ǁhaisheaddress, of men ǀhãǁhaisheaddress, of women (tasseled) ǀhareǀabas

soft, could be wrapped gārēbheal, get well ǂ’o (intransitive verb)heal someone kx’ora, ǁnebi heap up (as stones) ǃoro, ǃnaromãsihear ǁnauhear, listen, pay attention komsenhear, understand ǃ’ã

334 CHAPTER 6

heart ǂaob heart, lungs and liver, portion of meat

(harslag) ǂ’aobheat ǂkx’ummiheaven, sky ǃnoaǀhumma, ǀhommi heavy ǃ’om(sa)hedgehog ǀ’amiros heed, listen to ǁnãuǁkx’auheel (of foot) ǃnõasheifer ǀnoas height ǃgurisheir ǀ’umishelp hūib (noun)help hūi (verb)hemp, cannabis, dagga ǃ’amaxab hen, chicken kukuru herbs, wild fruits xaikx’akuaherd (abundance) of cattle ǀkx’oasa

gomanahere hēbahide away, lurk gau hide something gaugau hide, hunter’s shelter ǃnub (~ ǀnūb)highlander ǃurisēmãbhill, high ground ǃurib, !areship, haunch ǁhommahippopotamus ǃxaoshire, employ ǃgaehit, strike ǂnauhold tight ǃxōkarokaro hole, cave āb, kx’ābhollow, curved ǁhoahome, dwelling place ǁ’anǃ’ās homeless ǁ’anǃxãi’ohomestead, settlement, village ǁãubhoney danishoney badger ǀhirsebhoney-beer ǃxaris, ǂgoaǃxaris honeycomb gaub, ǀ’ābhook, fish-hook ǀxoāsenshope mãǃã (verb)horn ǁnãbhorn for storing butter or fat ǃgoǁnãbhorse hāb/s/ihot (as sun, fire) ǀamsa hot, warm (as cloak, but also of emotional

state) ǁkx’õa(sa)house kx’ommi house door kx’amǁ’āb

house roof kx’ommiǂ’amǁ’ābhouseholder, head of house kx’omkx’aobhow? hamti?however, moreover xabehumanity khoesibhumble ǃhamsahundred ǀkx’arutjisihunger ǃ’ãb hungry (be), hunger ǃ’ãhungry, starving ǃ’ãǁ’ō hunt, chase game ǃhae, ǃhamihunting dog ǃgaubhurriedly ǁkx’aio’sē hurry sũbu, sũse, ǃnuahurt someone thuithuihusband xaibhyena species: See Special List 2

II (man) tireI, me (man) –r(e) I (woman) titaI (woman ) –t(a)I, me (woman) –teif, when, since ōignorance ǀ’antamahãb ill, sick, feverish ǀkx’aesen illness, sickness ǀkx’aeb in ǃnā (postposition)indeed, since kom (used with clausal-final

o)inherit ǀ’umiinitiation school dorobinside ǃnābakx’aiinsides, stomach ǃnābinstructions, prohibitions,

commandments (rules of doro) ǁxaeb intestine ǀũib (~ ǂũib)intestines, insides ǃnaxukuairon ǀkx’uribitch, scratch ǀxonǀxon

Jjackal species: See Special List 2January Kx’aisemãǁhareǁxãm javelin ǁhãikõabjaw ǃnanibjaw (lower) ǃnanikuajealous ǀhā

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 335

jealousy ǀhābjoke xore (verb)journey ǃũsjoy, merriment sõem judge ǀora (verb)judge ǀorakx’aob (noun)judgement, court of ǀorabJuly ǀHaiǁxãsjump hurijump into huriǂ’ãjump off, down from huriǁoajump over huriǃnajump over, across huriǃãuJune ǂXābāǁxãs

Kkambro ǂ’ãb kareebos ǃxareb karoo ǃ’aukarobkaross, cloak ǂnammakatbos ǀhũs (~ ǀnuseb) Katse clan ǀHõakuaǁ’aiskeep, store, preserve sãu kernel, pip, stone ǂxob, ǂkx’arab key ǂgunikxams Khoi cherry (Maurocenia frangularia) ǂkx’ãukua

kick, dance ǂnākick-fight ǃai, ǂnāgu kidney ǃxãb/s kierie, stick ǃ’õaskill ǃam kindle, make fire, light khau; ǂnanking ǂnũsabkingdom ǃxūǁ’ũb, ǂnũsasibǃxuǁ’ũb kiss ǁ’oaklipbok ǁxaisinklipspringer ǀuiǀgarobknead ǃxoknee ǁoab kneel, bend ǃhunknife kõas knife (fine bladed tool) xoakõasknobkierie baramus (~ garamus)knock ǃhũ know ǂ’anknow how, have mastery of kx’aoknowingly, on purpose ǂ’anabakaknowledge ǂ’anna

koenskop (meat portion) ǀ’ūskoggelmander ǂnabaris, ǃ’arokhob kommandovoël (dikkop) kx’ākx’anisKorana nationhood ǃOrakhoēsibKorana person ǃOrab/s/ikorhaan (Otis afra) harǁgab (~ harǁkaǁkas)kraal, animal enclosure ǃharab

Llabour (in childbirth) kharoǂgoablack, need, seek kx’õaladder ǃ’abas ladle (made from horn of wildebeest)

horaǁnãblake huriǁamiǂgonab lamb ǁkx’aob/s/ilame ǃhora land, field, earth, country ǃhūblane, side entrance ǂankx’ama language kobab lark species (vlakvoël) tsibeslark, pipit (koestervoël) khuruslarva (aquatic species) ts’units’ēblate ǀhanaselate (be) ǀhanalaugh kx’ãi, ǂnumlaw gaos/blawless gao’oselay egg, bear young kx’õa (~ õa)lay, make lie ǁgoesilazy ǀ’obesa lead ǃ’āǂui (verb)leaf, ear ǁnãubleak (as vessel), pour out ǂna (intransitive

verb)lean against ǃanasen lean, thin ǁkx’aro(sa)learn, study ǁxāǁxāsenleave, abandon xuledge, overhang, cliff ǂãb, ǁnōǁnōb, left hand ǁ’areǁkx’õab left (as opposed to right) ǁ’areleg ǀnūbleg (lower) ǃhaibleg, thigh tĩblend, borrow ǀubilength kuihub lengthen guxuguxuleopard xoasaob

336 CHAPTER 6

letter, book ǂxanislevel, flat, broad ǂhabaliar ǁaekx’aob lick thālie (tell untruth) ǁaelie down ǁoe lie in hiding ǁoēǁkx’amlie on back ǀãǃalie, conceal ǀ’oalie, falsehood ǁaeb life kx’ũib lift, pick up ūkhasilight, easy subu light ǃnãb light up ǃnãǃnãlight, lamp ǃ’amǃ’ammalightning tābāblike, as, resembling khamalion xammilip (of mouth) kx’amkx’ailisten, hear, understand ǃ’ã, komsen, ǁnãu little, small ǀā little bird kx’anidab little finger ǀātseǀxunislittle lamb ǁkx’aodab/s/i little thing, matter, issue, property xudab live, be alive kx’ũilively sũliven, make alive sũsũliver kx’ãibliving, alive kx’ũesibe lizard species: See Special List 2load, pack on to something, fasten ǃaiǃ’aba, !nao

lock door ǂoniǂankx’am locust species ǁnananablocust, grasshopper ǂhumsloin-cloth ǂnabablong kuxa look at ǃaba look back ǃabakx’oa look in ǃabaǂ’ã look down into ǃabaǁgõalook out for, tend, protect (keep watch

over) ǃoa(si) lord, master, man of wealth ǃxūb lose way, stray, become lost kā, ǁhabu, ǃōdaubxu

lose, drop kāxu

lost kāsalouse kx’uriblove ǀnām, ǁ’ã (verb) love ǁ’ãb (noun)lowly, humble ǃhamsa lump, bump, swelling ǃhubūblung soeb‘lynx’ (rooikat) (Caracal caracal) ǃhãb

Mmaanhaar jakkals (aardwolf ) (Proteles

cristata) ǀgaib/s (~ ǀgib, ǀib)mad dãhomad soesamaize milib/smake, create kuru make, do dī make fire (by striking flint) ǂnaǂna, ǂnanmake horse trot ǀaiǀaimake other ǀxaraǀx’imale bovid, bull ǂxaramãb male sheep, ram ǂxaragubman, adult man kx’ao(khoe)b man, master kx’aob, kx’aosab manager, overseer ǁabaǂ’amkx’aosābmancala game ǁhūsmane ǀhaubmantis ǁnananãb, ǁgaunãbmany, greatly kaise (adverb)many, much, plentiful ǀxoasa (adjective)many, much (very) kaiǁoraseMarch ǂGuniǃnaǁxãm marriage ǁ’āxaib marrow (of bone) ǂaēb marry xaiǁ’ãimaster, Englishman ǀhũb/s/imaster, mistress ǀhũ(n)khoeb/smat (of reeds) ǀharubMay ǂNuǁxās measure korokoro (~ kororo)meat kx’ōbmeat portion (harslag) ǂ’aob (‘heart, liver

and lungs’)meat portion (poenskop) ǀ’ūs (‘forepart of

carcass’)meaty, fleshy kx’okx’omedicine sōǀoāb meditate, contemplate, consider, think ǂ’ãiǂ’ãisen

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 337

meerkat (grey) xarab/smeerkat (red) ǂãurebmeerkat (yellow) ǀhaiseb meet (go to) ǃũǃoa meet, encounter ǀuiǂaumelt (as cooked fat) ǀgobemelt, dissolve (as frost) thūnimend, bind together ǁxummend, patch darumention, gossip gagamention, touch on thãǀxamesembryanthemum species (vygie),

large purple flowering ǁgabibmesembryanthemum species (quagga-

vygie), large yellow-flowering ǃoireǁgabib

message sĩbābmetal-worker, smith ǂ’ũrikurukx’aobmid, between ǁkx’aigu midday, noon thēǃnāb (~ tsēǃnāb)mild, soft thamsamilk bīb (noun)milk ǀkx’ao (transitive verb)milk into mouth kx’ambīmilk left after calves have finished

suckling ǀgūbībmilking bībǁammamirage sorethaubmirror mũkx’aismischievous soramiss (a shot), err sāmist daurab; tairabmist, fog ǀhomsmistake (make), miscalculate ǀkx’abesāmix, gather, collect ǀhauǀhau mock, jeer at xu mole (animal) ǂhus monarch, king ǂnũsab/sMonday Mandax money maribmongoose (grey) ǀhauǀ’eb mongoose (yellow) ǀhaiseb monkey ǁ’orebmonkey species (small ) ǁxorib moon, month ǁxãb/s, ǁxam

new moon ǂxaniǁxãbfirst quarter ǃnaikx’imaǁxãbfull moon ǃhae ǁxãblast quarter, old moon gaida ǁxãm

moonlight ǁxãb(di)ǃnãb month ǁxãb, ǁxam

January Kx’aisemaǁhareǁxām (‘first flowering of acacias’?)

February ǂUniǁnaǁxām March ǂGunĩǃnaǁxām April ǂXũǁōbǁxām May ǂNuǁxās (‘black month’?) June ǂHaiǁxās (‘yellow month’?) July Thuseǁxām (~ ǀHaiǁxãs ‘yellow

month’?) August ǂAwaǁxām (‘red month’?) September xaukuǂũǂũǁxām (‘painted

veld’?)October ǁAnaǁhareǁxām (‘flowering

of camelthorn’?) November Kx’aisemaǁhareǁxām (‘first

flowering of acacias’?) December ǃAusemaǁhareǁxā (‘last

flowering of acacias’?) moreover, however xabemorning ǁoab mosquito tsonosebmoth species ǃhabaǀganabmother ĩs; aitjosmountain ǃareb; ǀ’uib mouse (striped) ǁxaus mouse species thũbebmouth kx’ammamove, creep, stir kunkun move, travel (as wagon) ǃnarimud, clay ǂoab muishond, polecat (Ictonyx zorilla) ǃkx’araxab

murderer khoeǃamkx’aob murmur ǀ’umdom musical instruments:

consort of monotone reed-flutes ǂ’ādidrum, played by women ǀxais musical bow, multiple strings over

resonator ǃgutses musical bow, non-attached resonator ǃgabus

musical bow, with mouth-blown quill reed goras

musical bow, non-attached resonator, string struck with small stick khās

mythical snake Gõegõemythological being, divine creator

ThuiǁGõab

338 CHAPTER 6

Nnail (of fingers, toes) ǁgorob naked (be) ǀ’ōǀxaname ǀkx’onna name, bestow name ǀkx’onnamãname, call by ǂainape of neck ǃnorobnape, neck ǃ’aobnarrow ǂ’ō nation ǁ’aiǃnās navel ǀnēb nearby, close ǀūseneat, nice ĩsaneck ǃ’aob need, desire, want ǂao needle, awl ǃ’orob nephew, niece, cousin ǁnulib/sneural spines, portion of meat ǁgābnever tatsexabe, ǀāsixabenew ǀ’āsanew moon ǂxaniǁxãbnews ǂhoãbnext (year) hisinice (make) ǃãiǃãinicely, well ĩsasenight thũxubnight, darkness ǃxaib nine guēsiNo! Hã’ã! noise, fuss, alarm ǀhābnose ǂuib not tamanot coming hā’osa not know ǀ’ūnot see mũ’onotice, observe sãuNovember Kx’aisemãǁhareǁxamnow, then ho’onowhere ǃxaī’onumber, quantity ǃõab numbers, numerals ǀkx’ākua

1 ǀui2 ǀam3 !nona4 haka5 koro6 !nani7 hãukx’ũ8 ǁxaisi

9 guēsi 10 disi

Oobliged to do (be) dīǃ’ariobserve, wait, halt ǃaeoccur, happen ī koOctober ǃ’Abaǁxãs, ǁAnaǁhareǁhãb offspring, children õagubold, aged, senior gaidaold (of things) ǀnaisa olive (fruit) ǃ’um-[?]omasum (one of the stomachs of a

ruminant) ǀharaǁkx’oms, ǃnubutabiǃ’ãsomentum fat ǀhauǁnuibon ǂ’amma on, at, in front of kx’aionce ǀguiǃnāsonce upon a time hētsēka one ǀuionly, alone ǀuiseopen (be) ǁxobaopen, uncover ǁxoba (~ khoba)opinion, situation kokuoppose, deny ǂxoa, ǂxa (~ ǀxa)ostrich ǀ’amib/s/iostrich egg ǃ’ububostrich eggshell abubostrich eggshell bead string ǁnuibother ǀnãi (~ ǀnĩ)other, different ǀxara(se)otter ǁ’omethãbout ǂkx’oa over, above ǀ’amka overhang, bank of river ǃhoǃhob, ǁnōǁnōbowl ǃhũǃhũb

Ppack-ox ǃaigomabpain thũbpainful thũsapaint (as a surface) ǁkx’aruǁkx’aru (verb) painted, dappled ǀgaru palate, roof of mouth ǃxarukx’aib pan, vlei ǃxubisparasol gabusparent ĩb/s part, portion ǃhui-, ǃxarebpartridge ǃharis

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 339

pass, go ī, ǃãu pass, route (over mountain) ǃũibpasturage ǃ’ũǃxaib path, road, trail ǂarob (~ ǀarob), daobpatient ǁ’aebxa paw, claw, fingernail ǁorob pay debt surute peace ǂxãibpeace (make) ǂxãiǂxãipeel, shell kora (transitive verb)peg out, stretch hide ǃãuperfume ǃãihamǁ’ãub perhaps, rather xabeperson khoeb/s/iperson who puts on airs ǂoakx’aob/sperson who puts things in good order ǂhanusedīb

pick up ūkhãsi, ǂkx’ao, ǃxōǃoāpick up, collect up (as stones, small

things) ǃnaropied colourations, variegated patterns

(animal coat colours):parti-coloured with some black (of

goats and cattle) (swartbont) ǂnūǀhōparti-coloured with yellow (geelbont) ǀhaiǁgane

parti-coloured with blue and black, dappled (bloubont) ǃnoaǀhō

parti-coloured with red (rooibont) ǁgane

pierce through ǃhāǃxarūpierce, bore hole (as in stone) ǁhūpigeon, dove ǃxaiǂnabus, ǂnaispillow (leather) ǂabibpioneer, founding father, chief

kx’aiǃũkx’aobpipe (for smoking), ǃ’ãbeb, ǃxōb, sūb

pipe (for smoking, bone) ǃhaispipe (for smoking, stone) ǀ’uisūs

pitfall trap surugub, ǃgaisebpity someone ǀxom place where ba place, site ǃxaib place, site (of settlement) ǃ’āsplan, advise, decide ǀkx’abeplan, strategy ǀkx’abebplant ǂā (verb)plant species: See Special List 3plates, dishes, cups ǃ’orekuaplay ǀhuru (verb)

plead ǀxomma pleasant, good, cheerful ǃãi(x)aǂaopleasure ǃhaubplover sp. (kommandovoël, dikkop?)

kx’aukx’anispluck (as chicken) thuruplug (of grass, used to tune reed-flute) ǀ’ãb

point, indicate ǁnaepoint out, show ǁaupoison ǃāb (noun)poison, bewitch, kill ǁxaiǃ’ām pole, stick haibpolecat (muishond, Ictonyx zorilla) ǃkx’araxab

polish, make smooth ǂxanuǂxanupolygamous (having two or more wives) ǀamsi

poor ǃāsi(sa)poorly, not done well ǁ’auseporcupine ǃnõab/sporridge ǃkx’ammaportion of meat (harslag) ǂgaobportion of meat (kambene, neural spines) ǁgāb

portion of meat (poenskop) ǀ’ūspossess ǁ’ãipot (also used for smoker’s pipe) sūbpots (clay) Birisudepotter sūǂnumkx’aos pouch, bag, sack ǁhōb

pouch, slingbag (general use) ǁnanĩbpouch, sling-bag (large) ǃgūs

poultry, small livestock guxukuapound, knock ǃhũpound, stamp grain bāpour into, mix thoropour out ǃhaeǃhae, ǂnaxudī pour over, on to ǂnaǂampour, shake into thoroǂ’apowder xurubpower, strength ǀaibpraise, glorify, honour koa, koakoa, garepray ǀxomma, ǀore (~ ǂore)preach kx’auǁnāpreaching, religious teaching ǁxaǁxabpreparation (as of food, hides) ǁ’anǁ’anneb

present (here) hã hã preserve, store sãu

340 CHAPTER 6

press ǁãipress, force ǀ’āēpretty ĩsaprevent ǂhani(na)prison, gaol ǁhaukx’ommaprisoner ǃxōǃāb, ǁhabikx’aosabproduce, bring forth dīxu; dani produce danib (noun) prohibitions, rules (of dorob) ǁxaeb promise mĩba (verb)proud, arrogant (be) ǃuri(sa), kx’anpuffadder ǃ’ais, ǀ’aispuffball ǀnubuspull, drag ǂāē pull down ǂaeǁoesi pumpkin hutsib punch, box ǂnoaǃ’umpunch, lob stones at, shoot at (with

arrows) ǂnoapunish ǁxara, ǃabēpupil of eye ǂnūmũspure, clean ǃ’anu purify (in ritual sense) ǁolopurify, cleanse, wash (in ritual sense) ǁ’āpursue ǃũkx’aikx’aipus, matter from wound ūbpush, press ǂhãpush away, off ǂhãǁgoapush into ǂhãǂ’ã push through ǃxaru, ǀxaruput, place, arrange mãsi put fire out, extinguish ǂnaǀ’ariput head in ǁansenput in ūǂ’aput outside ǃ’augamãsiput together, unite ǀuiǀui

Qquagga ǃores, ǃgōxaisquagga, zebra daub/squickly sũsequiet, silent (be) ǃnōquieten a noise ǀhāǃhuiquiver (for arrows) ǃgurus

Rrace, run ǃkx’oē, ǃhaiǀhaurace one another ǃkx’oētsēguraft ǀãmas

rage, be angry ǁxo rain tū (verb) rain tūs (noun)rainbow ǀhoasǃanãb raise, hoist ǂkx’aokhasiraisinberry bush (taaibos) ǂ’aubram, male sheep ǂxaragub rare, scarce ǂhãrash (on skin) ǀgaros rat ǃarubraw kx’orarazor ǁomgõasread kobakx’aiready, finished ǃhororeceive, accept ǃxoǃ’oa reconcile, make peace ǂxãiǂxãired dappled (of animal coat) thored, red and white (as of horse) ǀkx’aba red-white belly (rooitwitpens) (of animal

coat) xaoǃnareed species: See Special List 3reed-dance ǂ’āsǀaībreed-flute ǂ’ās reedbuck ǃhūbkx’ãbreform, change one’s ways ǃgunisenrefuse ǃai, ǂxa rejoice khūrejoice, thank ǃãi(x)aǂao relationship, friendship ǁ’ōmãbremain behind ǁkx’aruǃauremember ǂ’ĩǃ’ã remind ǂ’ĩǂ’ĩ!nārender fat kx’airarenew kx’orakx’orarepent ǀhabiǃ’aureply, respond ǂhoakx’amreport, bring news ǂhõarescue, free orēresemble someone ǀuidi-i respect (someone’s advice) ǁnãuǁkx’aurest sãrestless, unsettled hãǃxai’oreturn home ǁ’anureturn, go back ǃhoba, kx’oārevive kx’ontsēbēkasi (transitive verb)revive, heal kx’ũi (intransitive verb)rhinoceros ǃnabasrib ǀkx’arabrich ǃxū

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 341

rich man ǃhuǁũbride ǃabi ridge (along animal’s back) ǁhurib rietbok ǁgaǃ’ãsright, correct, in proper order ǂhanu right (not left) kx’amrinkhals ǂnūxatseǀãibebripe, ready ǁansa rise (as sun), emerge ǂkx’oa rise, get up khãiriver ǃarib river, stream, ditch ǃ’abroad, path daob roar (of lion) ǀ’anroar (of water) gõgõ (~ gũgũ) roast, braise (in pan or pot) kx’aidaroast (over coals, braai) kx’amrob dīǁaiǁairock, stone ǀ’uib/s rock hare (kliphaas) ǀ’uiǃõas, ǀganasrock lizard, agama sp. (bloukop-

koggelmander) ǀ’uixexoeb, ǃ’arokhob rock snake ǃkx’ãuǃaib roll up, wind, coil xamiroll, wallow ǃnorāroll, wallow (as horse) ǃ’abubēsenroof kx’ommiǂ’amǁ’ābrooikat, ‘lynx’ (Caracal caracal) ǃhãbroot ǃnomab root (magical) marisabrosyntjiebos ǁxãusrot, decay, spoil ǀkx’ō rotten ǀkx’obesarough ǀoasaround, spherical ǃ’umround about, around ǂnami rout, drive off (in battle) ǃhanǁhai rub body with cream ururuler, chief, judge gaokx’aob/srules, prohibitions of doro gaokua, ǁaukua, ǁxaeb

rumour khoemĩbarun ǁari, ǂ’erirun away ǁhãrun, chase ǃhai (~ ǃhae)run, race ǃkx’oē rustle, steal cattle ǂnai

Ssack, pouch, bag ǁhōbsacrifice, make offering ǁ’ui, kx’orāsad (be) ǃ’oasad, be worried, troubled khausaddle ǁhaneb salt ǀ’ūb, ǂkx’ōbsalty ǀ’ūǀ’ūsa, ǂkx’oxasasame īsame as, like, as if khama same ǁxāSan person (‘Bushman’) Sābsand (fine) ǁxāēb sated, be full ǁkx’ãsatisfied, have enough ǂ’ãusave, preserve, keep sãusay mĩ, ǁnā (‘tell’)scatter ǀarasen, ǃhaisen (intransitive verb) scent, perfume ǃãihamǁ’ãub school skōla scold ǀkx’ai scold, abuse, curse ǁaiǁai, ǀ’ōēscold, shriek ǃnuruscoop out, serve horascorpion ǀhūsscorpion species (small) ǂnamǂnabēbscrape off ǁxaubē, ǁxau scratch, scrape xana scratch, engrave, write xoascratch, itch, prickle ǀxonǀxonscream ǃkx’aukx’ā, ǃnuruscreen, fence, temporary shelter, hunters’

hide ǃnubscrub hare (kolhaas, Lepus saxatilis) ǂhoassea huriǁammaseason, time ǁkx’aebsecond (in ordinal sense) ǀamǁ’ãibsee mũseed ǃxummaseeds (of sweet-thorn acacia) ǁxūǁnanaseek, search for kx’õaseem khama thãseize ǃxōǀxaselfsame ǃ’ũbsell ǁ’amaxuseller ǁ’amaxunakhoebsend sĩsend to or for someone sĩba separate lambs from ewes ǀ’õama

342 CHAPTER 6

separate, depart ǃ’ari September Xaukuǂũǂũǁxãbservant ǃāb/s/iserve ǃ’uniserve up horaset (as sun) ǂgãset date mĩmãsiset snare, trap ǃnuisettlement group, family, kin-based

community ǃhaossettlement, homestead, collection of

dwellings, village ǁãubseven hãukx’ũ (~ hũxũ)seventy hãukx’ũ-djisi sew ǂ’om shade, shadow garabshake kunkun (transitive verb)shallow ǀ’ari shame (feel) tao shameful taosasharp ǀkx’ā, ǀkx’āǀkx’āsharpen ǀkx’āǀkx’ā sharp stone, quartz ǁurub, ǁuruǀuibshave, barber, trim hair or beard ǁom, ǂxom

sheath for knife gõakx’ommasheep gūb/s/ishelter from rain ǀāshepherd gūǃoasikx’aob shepherd’s tree (witgat, Boscia albitrunca) ǀhõneb

shield khōs, ǁxaukhosshine ǃ’anub (noun )shine, as sun taba shine, light up ǃnãshine, sparkle ǂxai shiver ǁxarē shoe, (also spoor?) ǁhabobshoot (arrow) ǁkx’ãu, ǂnoa

shoot at one another with bows and arrows ǁkx’ãugu

shoot at one another with guns ǃ’abuǂnoagu

shoot to pieces ǂnoagoashort ǃnubushort time ǃnubuǁkx’aebshorten ǃnubuǃnubu shoulder ǃhōbshoulderblade ǁarab

show, point ǁnae, ǁaushred, tear to pieces ǀxaushreds, tatters ǀxausenkuashriek ǃkx’aukx’āshriek, scold ǃnurushrike (bird species) ǃxanǃoerebshy sausa sibling ǃã(sa)b/s sick, ill, feverish ǀkx’aesen sickly ǀkx’aesenxasickness ǀkx’ae(sen)b side ǃnammasigh ǀhaimãsiǀ’um, ǀhaimãisenǂgaosilence ǃnōbsilent, quiet (be) ǃnōsilent, still ǃnōsasin, do wrong ǁkx’ōrēsin, quarrel ǁkx’ōrēb (noun)sinful ǁkx’orexasinner ǁkx’orekx’aob sinew, thread, string ǁ’ababsing ǁnae (~ ǂnae)sing high notes ǃurise ǂnaesing low notes ǃari doma ǂnaesing solo ǀuise ǂnaesister ǃãs sit, sit down ǂnũ site, place of settlement ǃ’āssix ǃnanisjambok (short) ǃnubuǃharibsjambok, whip ǃharib (noun) skilled, capable, brave ǁkx’oasaskin (for storing butter) ǁgububskin, hide khōb (noun) skin ǁhan (verb)skink, lizard ǂnaboro-sky, cloud, heaven ǀhommislacken (as when pulling) tharotharo slander ǂhoekx’au (verb)slap ǂnau(kx’ai)slaughter ǂ’aslaughter (sacrifice) for celebration ǃũǂ’aslaughter for sacrifice ǁũiǂ’aslaughter, cut throat of sacrificial animal ǃaoxodom

slaughter, sacrifice for reconciliation ǂxãiǂ’a

slave, servant ǃāb sleep ǁ’om

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 343

sleeping-mat (leather) ǂgoab, ǀoakua slip, slide ǂxanuslippery ǂxanusaslippery, smooth ǂxanuslowly ǂuisesmall ǀā smaller (make) ǀāǀā smallpox, chicken pox (pokkies) ǂxamǃxonas, ǃonas

smallpox (swartpokkies) ǂnūǃonassmart, cunning clever ǀguixa(sa)smear, anoint ǂxau smear, rub with fat, anoint sobosmell, give off smell (of a thing) ham(ǀ’ĩ) smile ǂnum smith, metal-worker ǂ’ũrikurukx’aobsmoke ǀkx’anni (noun)smoke (pipe), draw, pull, drag ǂāē smooth, clean, virtuous ǃorasasmooth, slippery, polished ǂxanusnake ǀ’aob (~ ǀkx’aob) snake species: See Special List 2snare (for birds) ǁnoassnare (noose type) ǃnuissnatch gam sneeze ǀkx’am snore ǃxaru snow abas/i, ǃxoab snuff ǂuiǂaebso it is said koma so, thus ǁnātīsoft tham, thamsasoft (be completely) thamthamsoften thamthamsoftness thamsabson õab soon ǀ’āse, dādāsoothe, quieten ǃnōǃnōsorcerer, doctor ǃaixāb sore, wound, ulcer thuibsorghum semib soul, breath ǀ’ũmssour ǀxuru sourbush ǁõebsourgrass (suurgras) gaoǀgãbsourmilk ǃharebīb sow, scatter seed ǃkx’abu, thorospace, place ǃxaib sparkle, shine ǂxai

speak ǃhoa, koba, khomspear, large knife kõab specularite (blinkklip) ǀhaibsperm, seed ǃxummaspider species (large) ǃnuruǁxummaspider species (small) ǀnũisspirit of dead person ǃhūsab spit up ǂkx’ara spittle, saliva ǂ’ãbspleen ǂnubi splinter, chip ǀkx’abobsplit wood ǀxanspoil, decay ǁ’aispoon harisob, ǀxamma (~ ǀxams)spots ǀhōkusprawl, flounder ǃgoraspring time ǃ’Abab/sspring, water-hole, well ǀkx’aus springbok ǁgũs, ǀgũsspringhare ǂgōbsprinkle, scatter thoro, xari sprout, grow ǁhao spurt water from mouth ǀxabispy ǃxai (verb)spying ǃxaisstab, pierce, prick, sting ǃhā stalk (as hunter) ǀxuri stammer, stutter aikhomstand, stay, remain mãstand with, for someone mãba stand up, rise khãistand up, rise for khãiba star ǀ’amirob/s (~ ǀ’amorob/s)

Aardvark star ǀXūs Cold or Winter star ǂ’Ausaǀ’amiros Dassie star ǃKx’ãus Eland star (alternative name)

Gaosdiǀ’amiros Eland star (four stars near Orion) ǃXanǀ’amiros

Eland (Orion’s Belt) ǃXankukua Evening star Tseǀ’amoros Hare star ǃ’Õas Hartebeest star (name used by men) ǁXamas

Lucky star ǃXaiǀ’amoros Morning star (Venus) ǁOaǀ’amorob Ostrich Nest (Magellanic clouds) ǀ’Amisǁãub

Pleiades ǀHōdi

344 CHAPTER 6

Porcupine star ǃNoas Porcupine star (alternative name) ǀŌgi

Rice stars ǀÕas Springbok star (Orion’s Belt) ǁŨsǀ’amiros

Termite star Kx’anis Tortoise star (Orions’s Belt) ǃOmm Uintjie star (said to refer to an edible

white bulb) ǃAbis Young wife’s star

Õaxaisǀ’amiros stare at ǃabastare at fixedly ǃabakarokarostare back at ǃabakx’oastare closely at ǂ’uīstay back at rear ǁxuīǁoestay, remain hã steal ǀkx’ã steal cattle, reive, rustle ǂnaisteenbok ǃ’arisstem of plant, base tsoa stem, tendril (as of vine) darubstep over bāǃna stick (walking) ǀxaurusstick on to ǂ’aistick on to (make something) ǂ’aǂ’aistiff, rigid ǀxau sting (as bee) ǁkx’ãu stinger (of bee) xãb stir hunistirring spoon hunihaib, huniǀxamma stomach, belly ǁxomma, ǃnābstone, pebble ǀ’uisstone buchu ǀ’uisãb stony (as ground) ǀ’uixasestony (of ground) ǀ’uiǃnastone weight (bored) for digging stick ǃhares

Stop! ǃHui!Stop! Wait a bit! Hold up! ǃAe!store, preserve sãustorm ǀhũb straight, correct, right ǂhanusastrandwolf (brown hyena) ǂnūǂhirasstranger, traveller ǃũsabstraw, chaff ǃhoroǀ’ākuastream, current ǁhum stream, rivulet (sloot) ǃ’ab

strength ǀaib strengthen ǀaiǀaistretch oneself ǁhũsen, garosenstrike, fight with ǂnoagustrike, hit, catch mãsi strike, hit (with stick) ǂnau strike with stone, knock, pound ǃhũ strike fire ǂnan string, sinew, thread ǁ’ababstrong ǀai(sa)strong, solid ǀaiǀaistruggle, fight, wrestle ǃ’ãugu stumble, trip ǃnoasuck ǀōm suckle (a baby) bīsi (transitive verb)suckle (as a baby) bī (intransitive verb)suddenly, soon, shortly ǀ’āseǀ’āse, dādāsuffer, endure ǀxum(xā), ǀkx’amǂosensuffice, satisfy, be enough ǂ’ãu suitable, fitting kx’anu, ǁhāsasummer ǁXōnāb, ǁXuǁ’ãb summit, peak, tip, top ǀ’ammasun soreb/ssunset soreb(di)ǂãbsunshine, sunlight soremũǁxãu, sorebtãbabsunbird species ǀxue-Sunday (Lord’s day) Kx’aotsebsupper ǃ’uiǃhaubsuppose, think ǂ’ãi surface kx’aisasurpass, exceed ǂnāxusurrender ǀxũisurrender, give in mãsen surround ǃhanǂnamisurrounded (be) ǁkx’āraǃnuasie suspect evil of someone ǂ’ĩǂamswallow (verb) tomswallow, gulp ǁ’ubi swallow (bird) ǀ’aǀao-sway ǂubiswear solemn oath ǀ’oeswear, curse ǀoesweat aosensweep ǀnausweet ǂxonsweetgrass ǂxonǀgãbsweet-thorn acacia (soetdoring) ǂxonǁxūbsweetmilk ǀ’ãbībswell xãi

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 345

swell, rise (as dough) khūswim thãswimming horse (flotation log) dãs, bãssword ǂnautsiǂnorab

Ttaaibos ǂ’auǀgananab, ǂkx’auǂgum, ǃgaibtable ǂ’ũkx’aiǂhabahaibtable, board ǁ’anna, ǀhannatake ūtake down ūǁoasitake for, from ūba take out ūǂ’oāsitake away ūbē, ūǃũtake animals to graze (as shepherd,

cowherd) ǃ’ũkasitake away ābē, dobē, ǁxarabētake off clothes, undress ǂaeǂkx’oasi take time, be slow ǁkx’aebǀxa take with hāǀxatalk in sleep suiǂnoa talkative kx’amǃnaxatame (be) ǂ’au (~ ǂkx’ū)tame (make tame) ǂkx’ūǂkx’ūtan (hide), cure, soften ǀnolotap, draw, as water ǀkx’arotassled cap ǀhārēǀababtaste, feel, try, test thãtasteless, bland ǂkx’ō’o, thã’oseteach ǁxãǁxã (~ ǁxāǁxā)teacher ǁxãǁxãkx’aob (~ ǁxāǁxākx’aob) tear (water from eyes) ǁammũb tear, shred ǀxau (verb)tease, annoy, pester ǁnora tell ǁnāten disi tend (cattle, sheep) ǃ’õasitermite kx’anib, ǃgatsiǃgabitest, try, taste, feel thãtest, try dīthãtestify ǁoesiǃ’āthat ǁnā theft ǀkx’ãbthen, afterwards aka, ko, ǁnaothere ǁnabathere over yonder ǁnaǀkx’ithey (women) ǁ’ãidithey (men) ǁ’ãikuathicken (as soured milk) ãu

thief ǂ’ãkx’aobthigh(s) tĩb, ǂxodithin (be) ǁgã, ǃorothin, slender, fine ǀ’ūi (~ ǀhũi)thing, object, matter xūbthink, suppose ǂ’ãi think of something ǂ’ãiǂ’ãisen third ǃnonaǁ’ãibthirst, be thirsty ǁã thirsty ǁãsathis hē (~ hi)this here hēhē thong, cord thuribthorn ǁxūbthornbush (wag-’n-bietjiebos) ǂxarob (~ ǂ’arob)

thornbush with red berries (hardebos) (Lycium sp.) ǃautsamab

thought ǂ’ãib thread, string, sinew ǁ’ababthreaten ǁ’aebathree ǃnonathree times ǃnonaǃnadethroat, gullet ǃ’arabthroat, voice dommathrow away āxuthrow down ūǁnāthrow, hurl, toss ao (~ au) throw missile, shoot arrow ǂnoathrowing spear ǁhãikõabthumb ǃnanibthunder ǃurub (noun)thunder ǃuru (verb)thus ti, hēti, ǁnātitie, fasten, load ǃaitigermoth ǀ’uǁnabostime ǃnastime, season, occasion ǁkx’aeb tired (be) ǁ’ūtired, weak, feeble ǂxabu(sa)to, towards ǃoa (postposition, associated

with postnominal –a)tobacco baxabtobacco variety kaiǂaib, ǂxariǂaib today hētsē together in group (be) ǁkx’aretongs (blacksmith’s) ǃxōǀ’uribtongue tammatoo much ĩbe

346 CHAPTER 6

tool ǀkx’āxūb (lit. ‘sharp thing’, avoidance term?)

tooth ǁũb top ǂ’amma tortoise (geometric) ǀhurus (~ ǀ’urus)tortoise (mountain) ǃnāb/stouch on, mention thãǀxatouch, handle xātough, hard karosatown ǃharibtown (small) ǃharidastrader, dealer ǁ’amakx’aobtransitory ǃũsatrap (w. fall mechanism) ǁnoastrap (pit-fall) surugub, ǃgaisekuatravel, take the road bē daob xutraveller dao!ũkx’aosabtread, step, tramp bātree at centre of a chief’s homestead,

meeting tree (werfboom) ǀhaos, ǂnũbhaibtree, stick, bush haib/s/i trim, fix shoe ǂnaitrot (urge horse to) ǀaiǀaitroublemaker ǃharidēkx’ukx’aobtrue kx’amatruth kx’amabtruly, really kx’amasetrunk (of elephant) ǂonābtrunk (of tree) ǃammaTswana people Birinatuning plug (for reed-flute) ǀ’ãbturn dark ǀganǀganturn, twist ǃxonisen, ǃ’oneturtle ǁamǃhaeb (~ ǁamǃgãib)twelve ǀamǀkx’atwenty ǀamtjisitwins ǀgenatwins (of animals) horenatwist, turn, wind ǀnumĩtwo ǀam

Uudder ǃ’umsugly ǁgaisaugly, hateful ǁasiuncertain (be) areuncle ǃã(sa)b, ǁnaobuncle (father’s brother) ǃũǃābunclear ǂhobesa

under ǃnaka understand ǁnãuǃ’āundo dīǀkx’ariundress ǂaeǂkx’oasiunfavourable (be) ǁaoǃnaunite ǀuiǀuiunlock door ǂuniǁxobaunthinking ǂ’ĩ’ourinate ǀxam urine ǀ’ūbus (men) (excl. 1mp) sikeus (women) (excl. 1fp) sisēus two (excl. 1cd) simus two (men) (excl. 1md) sikhamus two (women) (excl. 1fd) sisamus, our (excl. 1cp) sida use dīǀxoauseful ǃãiǃ’ãxa utensil (plate, dish, cup) ǃ’oreb

Vvaalbos karutsibvein ǂkx’urub veld, plain, hunting ground ǃ’aub veldkos ǃ’ãukuaveld, earth, ground ǃhūbveldkos, bulb ǃ’ōbvery kaisevessel, types of:

for storing milk (largest kind) bamushorn, small, for storing red face-paint ǃnauǁnãs

small, for storing massage fat, could be horn ǁubus

wooden ǁhoeb wooden ǃ’orebwooden, for drinking out of ǂgabib (~ ǀgabis)

wooden, for milk, water xababwooden, for melted or fresh butter

kaiǂaubwooden, three-legged ǃ’arabwooden, for melted or fresh butter ǂoreb

wooden, for milk ǁhoeb wooden, for milking into ǀkx’aoǃnaǃxabib

wooden, for souring milk ǁaiǁhoebwooden, in which to wash butter ǂgaub

wooden, lugged, for milk ǃxabib

A KORA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY, WITH ENGLISH-KORA INDEX 347

village ǃharidasvillain, crook ǀhõagoaob, !guixabviolence ǀaikx’aro-visible, open ǂhaivisit (go on) ǂarevisit, extended stay ǂarebvoice dommavomit ǂkx’ara (~ ǀkx’ara)vulture, eagle kaiǃnab

Wwade, ford, cross river xanuwages suruteb wag-’n-bietjiebos ǂ’arob (~ ǂxarob)wagon guniswagtail ǃaokx’aniswait (in hiding, for prey) ǃ’ãu wake up ǂxaiwalk, go ǃũwalking stick ǀxaurus want, desire, wish ǂao warmth, heat ǂkx’ummiwash ǁkx’ā wasp ǀarib, ǀurubwatch out for oneself ǂ’anbasen watch over someone mũǃnamãsiwatch over, tend to, look after ǃoa(si)water ǁammi water (a little) ǁamdanawaterfowl gariǁamswaterfowl, wild duck, duck gãswatermelon (wild melon) thamas/bwatermelon birithama-watermelon (sweet kind) ǂxōnthamab watermelon (wild), bittermelon

xauthamaswave (of water, sea) ǂubitsiǀhābway, manner dommi we all (incl. 1cp) sadawe all (men) (incl. 1mp) sakewe all (women) (incl. 1fp) sasē (~ sasi)we both (men) (incl. 1md) sakhamwe both (women) (incl. 1fd) sa(sa)mweak xaresaweak, feeble, foolish, weary ǂxabu

(~ ǀxabu)wealth ǃxūǁũ-wear clothes ǃxansenweed ǁxum (verb)

weeds ǁ’ãiǁhaikua, ǃnumakuaweek vekheb weep ǂhoē, sĩwelcome, greet nabē (~ nabī)well, spring ǀkx’aus (~ ǀ’aus) werfboom ǀhaos, ǂnũbhaibwest sorebnaǂãxaǀxāb wet ǀkx’ãwhat? taēbwheel ǃnaris, ǀnūswhen? ham’o?where? ham(b)a?where to? taib xūwhich? ham?whip, sjambok ǃōas, ǃharib (noun)whip, flog ǃoa (verb)whisper tubu whistle (with mouth) ǂnamwhite xatiwhite ant, termite ǃgatsiǃgabi-who? dā-why? taēba?wide hoaǃna, ǃnū(sa)widen hoaǃnakasi, honahonawide open (be) ǁxobasenwide, broad, flat ǂhaba widow kx’aomasaswild (untamed) ǃnarisawild bulb species (edible, but very bitter)

kx’aukx’aubwild bulb species (gifbol) ǃxarobwild bulb species (too bitter to be eaten) ǀ’atãkoeb

wild cherry, Khoi cherry (Maurocenia frangularia) ǂkx’ãukua

wild garlic ǀxorahaib (~ ǀ’ōraib)wild olive ǃ’um-wild olive (kareeboom) ǃxarebwild pumpkin ǃxanubwildcat ǃauǀhõab, ǀhõabwildebeest gaob, ǂnūgaob, ǃnoagaob wilderness, desert ǃ’aukarob wildpig, bushpig ǁnãkx’ob willow ǂhũibwind ǂ’oab (noun)wind, twist, turn ǂnumĩ (~ ǀnumĩ)wine ǀkx’abaǃxarib (lit. ‘red honey-beer’)wing(s) ǁgabokuwinter Saosa, Saob

348 CHAPTER 6

wipe away ǀnabiwipe off ǀnao wipe dry ǀ’umwise, clever gā wisdom, intelligence gābwish, want, desire tura witgat tree (Boscia albitrunca) ǀhõnebwith ǀxa (postposition)without o’sewithout anything xu’owitness ǁoesiǃ’ākx’aobwoman, wife tara(khoe)swomb (of animal) ǀhōs (~ ǂhōs)womb (of woman) ǁhāswool, hair ǀ’ũbword mĩbworld ǃhũb world, surface of the earth ǃhūbkx’aibwork sĩsen (verb)worker sĩsenkx’aobworm, caterpillar ǂkx’onib wound thuib (noun)wound thuithui (verb)wrap xamiwrap (garment), back cover, kilt ǃubwrestle, fight ǃ’ãugu wrestle, fight ǃnũaguwring, twist ǂoni wrist ǃ’om!’aob

write, scratch, engrave xoawrite to xoabawrong, other, different ǀxarawrongly thūse

Yyawn ǂhaukãyear kurib yeast, sourdough ǀxurubyellow, pale, vaal ǀhai yes indeed aioYes! Ā!yesterday ǁkx’atseyou (man) (2ms) satsyou two (men) (2md) sakharoyou (men) (2mp) sakaoyou (woman) (2fs) sasyou two (women) (2fd) sa(sa)royou (women) (2fp) sa(sa)oyou two (men or women) (2cd) sakhaoyou (men or women) (2cp) saduyoung ǂxam(sa) young woman õaxai-youth, young man kx’arob, kx’axab

Zzebra daubzebra, quagga ǃores, ǃoxaisZulu people ǁHuǁnauna