English 325

Understanding English Grammar: Chapter 6

Discussion Prayer

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Discussion: (D) Dashes, Hyphens, Parentheses, Ellipses, and Slashes—10 minutes

Handouts

Questions

Forming the Ellipsis

How is the ellipsis formed?

What are its functions?

“I . . . uh . . . was . . . thinking he was a little slow.”

“There’s no reason for. . . .” His voice trailed off into a mumble.

To signal an omission: A more modern method of punctuation has been adopted within the last two decades. Many publishers, in an effort to use space economically, place the ellipsis dots together as if they were one word, with a space at the beginning and one at the end: “According to the report ... a change in profits made by large corporations ... has become noticeable.”

Dashes, Hyphens, Parenthesis, and the Slash

How is the dash formed? m-dash: “Aristotle’s four elements—fire, air, water,

and earth—became a foundational part of pre-enlightenment science.”

n-dash: I have been a Latter-day Saint since 1982.

Parenthesis?

The slash?

Brackets?

Quiz

1. Determiners include possessive nouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, numbers and _______.

2. Identify the noun headword in the following: “The little Smith boy got sick.”

3. Identify the relative clause in the following: “I saw the car that Bill drove.”

4. Identify the participial phrase in the following: “The students taking the SAT look nervous.”

5. Is the clause restrictive or non-restrictive? “My youngest sister, who lives in Oregon, owns six cats.

Adverbials—Words

“I ate quickly.”

Adverbials—Prepositional Phrases

“I arrived with my son.”

Adverbials—Infinitive phrases

“To give Jody her allowance, Mom cashed a check.”

Adverbials—Participial Phrases

“My dad arrived bringing presents from France.”

Adverbials—Clauses

“I left before you called.”

Adjectivals—Words

“The little man is funny.”

“The brick house is beautiful.”

Adjectivals—Prepositional Phrases

“The boy with the dog likes ice cream.”

“We visited a woman of Native American descent.”

Adjectivals—Relative Clauses

“I saw the man who wrecked your car.”

“I told a joke that offended her.”

Adjectivals—Participial Phrases

“The man living across the street walked toward me.”

“The students taking the SAT worked quickly.”

Adjectivals—Infinitive Phrases

“Big Judd’s was voted the best place to get hamburgers.”

“He ignored the call to enlist.”

Diagramming

The new United Airlines jet on the runway waiting for takeoff, which is headed for

London, is huge.

More Practice Key terms: pp. 170-71 Sentences for practice: pp. 171-72 Classroom applications: pp. 174-75 Questions for discussion: pp. 172-74

The Test

UEG, Chapters 3 through 6 (nothing directly on the verb expansion rule)

The Mother Tongue, Chapters 5 through 8

Part 1: Common Errors topics

Part 2: Identification

Part 3: Diagramming

Part 4:The Mother Tongue essay