English 17.3 Linux Mint Cinnamon Guide

7/25/2019 English 17.3 Linux Mint Cinnamon Guide

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Official

User Guide

Linux Mint 17.3Cinnamon Edition

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Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION TO LINUX MINT ......................................................................................... 4

HISTORY.........................................................................................................................................4 PURPOSE.........................................................................................................................................4 VERSIONNUMBERSANDCODENAMES...................................................................................................5 EDITIONS........................................................................................................................................ 6

WHERETOFINDHELP.......................................................................................................................6

INSTALLATION OF LINUX MINT ........................................................................................... 8

DOWNLOADTHE ISO.......................................................................................................................8 VIATORRENT.................................................................................................................................9

Install a Torrent client............................................................................................................... 9 Download the Torrent file.........................................................................................................9

VIAADON!OAD"IRROR................................................................................................................9 READTHERELEASENOTES..............................................................................................................9

CHECKTHE MD5.............................................................................................................. ...........10 BURNTHEISO TO DVD................................................................................................................11 BOOTTHELIVEDVD............................................................................................................ ........1 INSTALLLINUXMINTONYOURHARDDRIVE.................................................................................. .1!

THEBOOTSE"UENCE..................................................................................................................... 19

INTRODUCTION TO THE DESKTOP ................................................................................... 0

THECINNAMONDESKTOP...............................................................................................................0 DE#$TOP#ETTIN%#.................................................................................................................. .....&0

%ETTIN%TO$NOT'E"EN(..........................................................................................................&1 The )Places* +en,..................................................................................................................&1 The )#-ste+* +en,............................................................................................................... .& The )A//lications* +en,........................................................................................................&9

The )#earch* field...................................................................................................................1 Define -o,r faorite a//lications................................................................................... .........1 "a2e -o,r own shortc,ts........................................................................................................& 3hange the a//earance of the +en,................................................................................. .......&

Restore the defa,lt settings................................................................................................... ..

!A(N3'APP!I3ATION#A(TO"ATI3A!!4'EN4O(!O%IN...................................................................

SOFTWARE MANA#EMENT ................................................................................................. !4

PACKA#EMANA#EMENTINLINUXMINT.........................................................................................!4

T'E#OTARE"ANA%ER..............................................................................................................9 #4NAPTI36 APT...................................................................................................................... ..9 REMOVEAPPLICATIONS................................................................................................................... 40

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(#IN% APT.................................................................................................................................0 #4NAPTI3.....................................................................................................................................1 UPDATEYOURSYSTEMANDYOURAPPLICATIONS.................................................................................4

(#IN%T'E(PDATE"ANA%ER........................................................................................................&

TIPS AND TRICKS .................................................................................................................... 4$

COPYANDPASTEWITHTHEMOUSE...................................................................................................4$ TAKENOTESWITHTOMBOY............................................................................................................48

CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... ................. 50

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I%&'()*+&,(% &( L,%*- M,%&!in,7 "int is a co+/,ter o/erating s-ste+ designed to wor2 on +ost +odern s-ste+s8incl,ding t-/ical 7: and 7: P3s.

!in,7 "int can ;e tho,ght of as filling the sa+e role as "icrosoftects and ,ses their s-ste+s as a ;ase.

The !in,7 "int /ro>ect foc,ses on +a2ing the des2to/ +ore ,sa;le and +ore efficientfor eer-da- tas2s /erfor+ed ;- reg,lar ,sers. (nderneath the des2to/ the o/eratings-ste+ also /roides a h,ge collection of aaila;le software and a er- well integrated

set of serices.

!in,7 "int saw a ra/id rise in /o/,larit- and +ore and +ore /eo/le ,se it eer- da-.

P*'(

The /,r/ose of !in,7 "int is to /roide a des2to/ o/erating s-ste+ that ho+e ,sers andco+/anies can ,se at no cost and which is as efficient8 eas- to ,se8 and elegant as/ossi;le.

One of the a+;itions of the !in,7 "int /ro>ect is to ;eco+e the ;est o/erating s-ste+

aaila;le ;- +a2ing it eas- for /eo/le to get to ,se adanced technologies8 rather than ;-si+/lif-ing the+ ?and there;- red,cing their ca/a;ilities@8 or ;- co/-ing the a//roachesta2en ;- other deelo/ers.

The goal is to deelo/ o,r own idea of the ideal des2to/. e thin2 that it is ;est to +a2ethe +ost o,t of the +odern technologies that e7ist ,nder !in,7 and +a2e it eas- foreer-;od- to ,se its +ost adanced feat,res.

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V',(% %*23' %) +()%2

Version n,+;ers and codena+es follow a ,niC,e logic in !in,7 "int

3odena+es /roide a wa- to refer to ersions of !in,7 "int that is +ore fa+iliar

than ,sing a ersion n,+;er.

#ince ersion 58 !in,7 "int has followed a : +onths release c-cle and ,ses a

si+/lified ersion sche+e. The ersion n,+;er si+/l- gets incre+ented eer- :+onths for +a>or ersion releases.

If reisions are +ade to a /artic,lar release ?a ;it li2e #erice Pac2s in indows@

its ersion n,+;er gets a +inor reision incre+ent. or instance )* ;eco+es).1*.

After ersion 1 the : +onth releases will ;e ;ased ,/on one !ong Ter+ #,//ort

ersion with +inor incre+ents8 which gies all these releases a !ong Ter+#,//ort stat,s.

3odena+es in !in,7 "int are alwa-s fe+ale na+es ending with )a*. The- follow

the al/ha;etical order and the first letter of the codena+e corres/onds to the inde7of the ersion n,+;er in the al/ha;et.

#o far !in,7 "int has ,sed the following codena+es

V',(% C()%2

1.0 Ada

&.0 =ar;ara

&.1 =ea

&.& =ianca

.0 3assandra

.1 3elena

.0 Dar-na

5 El-ssa

: elicia

%loria

'elena

9 Isadora

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10 F,lia

11 $at-a

1& !isa1 "a-a

1 Nadia

15 Oliia

1: Petra

1 Giana

1.1 Re;ecca

1.& Rafaela

1. Rosa

E),&,(%

An Edition is a release of !in,7 "int which is c,sto+iHed to address a certain set ofneeds. This g,ide coers the 3inna+on Edition. 'ere are so+e of the +ost /o/,lareditions

3inna+on Edition ?,ses a 3inna+on des2to/@

"ate Edition ?,ses a "ate des2to/@ $DE Edition ?,ses a $DE des2to/@ fce Edition ?,ses an fce des2to/@

If -o, don


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If -o, want to chat with other ,sers -o, can connect to the IR3 chat roo+. (nder !in,7"int si+/l- la,nch )3hat* fro+ the +en,. If -o,Jre ,sing another o/erating s-ste+ oranother IR3 client +a2e s,re to connect to the )irc.s/otchat.org* serer and to >oin the

channels )Llin,7+inthel/* and )Llin,7+intchat*.

!in,7 "int ,ses (;,nt, re/ositories ?+ore on what this +eans later@ and is f,ll-co+/ati;le with it so +ost of the reso,rces8 articles8 t,torials8 and software +ade for(;,nt, also wor2 for !in,7 "int. If -o, canJt find hel/ on a s/ecific s,;>ect8 +a2e s,reto search on the sa+e s,;>ect for (;,nt,.

Note: Ubuntu is another operating system based on GNU/Linux.

Note: A repository is an online service by which software is stored and made available for the operating

system to install and update from. ost operating systems based on GNU/Linux use repositories and

connect to them via !""# or $"# to install and upgrade their software.

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I%&77&,(% ( L,%*- M,%&

4o, can download the !in,7 "int o/erating s-ste+ for free. It co+es as an I#O filewhich -o, need to ;,rn to a ;lan2 DVD. The lieDVD is then ;oota;le and /roides af,ll-f,nctional o/erating s-ste+ which -o, can tr- witho,t affecting -o,r P3. Inla-+an


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V, T(''%&

Torrent is a Peer to Peer ?P&P@ /rotocol. =asicall-8 instead of downloading fro+ a central

location8 a torrent lets -o, download the I#O file in /arts fro+ different /eo/le across theInternet.

The +ore /eo/le who download the I#O file8 the faster the download s/eed gets. This isthe /referred and reco++ended wa- to download !in,7 "int.

I%&77 T(''%& +7,%&

4o, need a /iece of software called a )torrent client* in order to download files iatorrent.

If -o, r,n !in,78 -o, can install )Trans+ission*. If -o, r,n !in,7 "int8 Trans+ission is

alread- installed.

If -o, r,n indows8 -o, can ,se MTorrent.

D(%7() & T(''%& ,7

The ne7t ste/ is to follow the torrent lin2 fro+ the !in,7 "int we;site and to downloadthe .torrent file. This file is er- s+all. After it downloads8 -o, sho,ld o/en it with -o,rtorrent client.

The torrent client will /ro;a;l- as2 -o, where -o, want to sae the I#O. #elect adestination and then wait for the download to co+/lete.

or +ore infor+ation a;o,t the torrent /rotocol8 isit htt/KKen.wi2i/edia.orgKwi2iK=itTorrent

V, )(%7() 2,''('

If -o, canJt8 or do not choose to ,se the torrent /rotocol8 then loo2 at the list of download+irrors and /ic2 one of the+. The-Jll /roide a lin2 to the I#O file itself which -o, can>,st clic2 to start the download.

Note Re+e+;er that ;andwidth is li+ited tho,gh and the +ore /eo/le download fro+ a+irror8 the slower the download s/eed gets for eer-;od- who is downloading fro+ that

+irror. ,rther+ore8 if for so+e reason the download sho,ld ;e interr,/ted8 it +a- ;ecorr,/ted and the download +a- hae to ;e restarted. or these reasons it +ight ;eworthwhile ,sing a download +anager8 li2e for !in,78 or for indows8 if ta2ing thisro,te.

R) & R7 N(&

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent


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4o,r download is /ro;a;l- going to last C,ite so+e ti+e8 so now wo,ld ;e the /erfectti+e for -o, to get fa+iliar with the new feat,res co+ing with the release -o,Jrec,rrentl- downloading.

The release notes are feat,red on the !in,7 "int we; /age and answer the followingC,estions

hat are the new feat,res deliered in this release

hat are the 2nown /ro;le+s of this release

'ow do I ,/grade fro+ the /reio,s release

The- also contain screenshots of the latest release. Of co,rse8 -o, co,ld find o,t a;o,t+ost feat,res highlighted in the release notes ;- si+/l- ,sing the o/erating s-ste+8 ;,t-o, +ight +iss a few things8 so it is +ost relia;le to read the release notes.

The release notes for !in,7 "int 1. Rosa are aaila;le here

htt/KKwww.lin,7+int.co+Krel r osa cinna+on ./h/

C+ & MD5

4o,Je read the release notes8 -o, >,st canJt wait to /la- with the new feat,res or tr-!in,7 "int8 and -o,r download >,st finished s,ccessf,ll-. 4o,Jre read- to ;,rn a DVDand to ;oot on it ;,t he-Q ait for a secondQ

If that DVD is fa,lt- -o, will e7/erience weird ;,gs and will hae a lot of tro,;lefinding hel/. The two +ost co++on reasons for a DVD to ;e fa,lt- are

An iss,e with the download ca,sing /ro;le+s in -o,r I#O file

An error d,ring the ;,rn /rocess that alters the contents of -o,r ;,rned lieDVD

The "D5 signat,re8 which is /resent on the download /age8 /roides a C,ic2 wa- for-o, to +a2e s,re that -o,r I#O file is e7actl- li2e it sho,ld ;e. #o8 letJs chec2 the I#Ofile -o, >,st downloaded ;efore we ;,rn it and sae o,rseles fro+ a lot of /otential/ro;le+s.

If -o, r,n an- ersion of !in,7 -o, /ro;a;l- alread- hae the +d5s,+ /rogra+installed. O/en a ter+inal and )cd* to the director- where -o,r I#O file is ?for instance8 if)lin,7+int.iso* is on the Des2to/@8 o/en a ter+inal and t-/e

cd ~/Desktop

md5sum linuxmint.iso

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http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_rosa_cinnamon.phphttp://www.linuxmint.com/rel_rosa_cinnamon.phphttp://www.linuxmint.com/rel_rosa_cinnamon.phphttp://www.linuxmint.com/rel_rosa_cinnamon.phphttp://www.linuxmint.com/rel_rosa_cinnamon.phphttp://www.linuxmint.com/rel_rosa_cinnamon.php


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This co++and sho,ld o,t/,t a series of n,+;ers and letters which co+/rise the "D5s,+8 or signat,re8 of -o,r I#O file. =- design8 an- s+all change to the I#O file will ca,sethis signat,re to ;e significantl- different8 allowing ,s to erif- that the file is e7actl- as

it sho,ld ;e.

3o+/are that signat,re with the one on the download /age of the !in,7 "int we;site. Ifthe two signat,res are the sa+e8 then -o, 2now -o,r I#O file is e7actl- the sa+e as theoriginal and -o, can now get read- to ;,rn it on DVD

If -o, ha//en to r,n indows8 chances are -o, donJt hae +d5s,+ installed. 4o, canget it fro+ here htt/KKwww.etree.orgK+d5co+.ht+l

Place the I#O file and the +d5s,+.e7e in the sa+e /lace ?letJs sa- in 3@ and r,n)c+d.e7e*. In the co++and line eniron+ent8 t-/e the following co++ands

C:

cd \

md5sum linuxmint.iso

Then co+/are the signat,re to the one /resent on the we;site.

B*'% & ISO &( DVD

Now that -o, hae chec2ed the I#O file with "D58 -o, are read- to ;,rn it to a DVD.%et a ;lan2 DVDR ?a DVDR sho,ld wor2 as well8 ;,t this t-/e of +edia is 2nown to

hae co+/ati;ilit- iss,es@ and -o,r faorite +ar2er and la;el the DVD. Altho,ghla;eling -o,r DVDs so,nds triial8 -o, sho,ld ;e s,re to do so8 as -o, can easil- end ,/with &0 ,nla;eled and ,nidentifia;le discs on -o,r des2. @

Insert the ;lan2 DVDR in the drie and get read- to ;,rn the I#O.

If -o,Jre r,nning !in,7 with 3inna+on rightclic2 on the I#O file and select o/en with=rasero8 choose )=,rn i+age* and follow the ste/s gien there.If -o,Jre r,nning !in,7 with $DE8 la,nch $= and in the )Tools* +en, choose )riteI#O I+age*.

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to find this o,t. 4o, +a- need to ;e root to r,n these co++ands.

If -o,Jre r,nning indows -o, can ,se a /rogra+ li2e InfraRecorder

htt/KKinfrarecorder.org

Note: a)e sure to burn the %&' imageto dis)* and not to write the %&' fileto the dis). A very commonmista)e* especially for people using Nero* is to actually burn the %&' file on the dis) as a data file. "he %&'

file is an image of a dis) so it needs to be burnt not as a file which will appear on the dis)* but as an %&'

image which will be decompressed and whose content will be burnt onto the disc. After burning the +,+

you shouldn-t see the %&' file within the disc* but rather folders li)e casper or isolinux. ost burningsoftware has a special option for this.

B((& & L,:DVD

Place the DVD in the drie and restart the co+/,ter. 4o, sho,ld now see the following

screen

Note: %f you don0t see this screen and your #1 boots as usual it0s probably because your (%'& is not set to

boot on +,+. 2estart the computer and press $3* $4* +elete* or 5scape 6or whatever )ey lets you enter the(%'& configuration7 and change your (%'& settings to tell your computer to boot from its +,+ drive.

"herefore you might need to disable secure boot and 6u7efi and possibly change the bootorder.

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http://infrarecorder.org/http://infrarecorder.org/


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I%&77 L,%*- M,%& (% /(*' H') D',:

ro+ the first screen choose the defa,lt )#tart !in,7 "int* o/tion and /ress Enter. Aftera little while the lie s-ste+ sho,ld ;e read- and -o, sho,ld see the des2to/.

At this stage !in,7 "int is not installed on -o,r co+/,ter8 itJs si+/l- r,nning fro+ theDVD. The s-ste+ -o, hae in front of -o, is8 howeer8 al+ost e7actl- the sa+e as theone -o, will hae on -o,r co+/,ter after the installation is finished.

'ae f,n with it and see if -o, li2e it. =ear in +ind that when r,nning fro+ the DVD8!in,7 "int r,ns significantl- slower than it does when it is installed on a hard drie8since it has to read data fro+ the DVD drie8 which is a slower +edi,+ than the harddrie.

hen -o, are read-8 do,;leclic2 on the )Install !in,7 "int* icon located on thedes2to/. The Installer a//ears

If -o, haenJt read the release notes -et8 and -o, hae an Internet connection8 then this is

an ideal o//ort,nit- to reiew the+B si+/l- clic2 on the ,nderlined lin2 isi;le whenonline. It is highl- reco++ended that ,sers read the release notespriorto installation inorder to adise the+seles of new feat,res8 as well as an- iss,es that +ight affect their/artic,lar hardware config,ration.

#elect -o,r lang,age and /ress the )3ontin,e* ;,tton.

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In the ne7t screen8 +a2e s,re -o,


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If -o, choose to install it alongside other o/erating s-ste+s8 the installer will ,se

the free s/ace aaila;le on other /artitions to create a new one for !in,7 "int.4o, will ;e as2ed how +,ch s/ace -o, want to allocate to it. The installer will

then shrin2 a /artition and ta2e care of eer-thing for -o,. Postinstallation -o,rco+/,ter will hae a ;oot screen fro+ which -o,


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3hoose -o,r location on the +a/ ;- clic2ing on the cit- which is the nearest to -o,. The/,r/ose of this ste/ is to identif- -o,r ti+e Hone. "a2e s,re the )3,rrent ti+e* a//earscorrectl- and clic2 the )3ontin,e* ;,tton.

Note: &ometimes the installer doesn-t properly handle &ummer/8inter time ad9ustments* so even byselecting the proper city you might see a difference of an hour or so with the correct time. &imply ignore

this at this stage and remember to ma)e sure that the time is correct after you reboot in your newly

installed Linux int des)top.

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#elect -o,r 2e-;oard la-o,t. If -o, are not s,re a;o,t e7actl- which la-o,t +atches the2e-;oard -o, hae8 clic2 on the te7t field at the ;otto+ of the screen and start t-/ing with-o,r 2e-;oard. "a2e s,re the 2e-s -o, /ress +atch the characters that a//ear in the te7tfield in order to ens,re -o, hae selected the right 2e-;oard la-o,t. #o+e la-o,ts onl-

differ with res/ect to accents8 n,+;ers and /,nct,ation signs8 so +a2e s,re to test theseas well.

hen -o,Jre read- clic2 the )3ontin,e* ;,tton.

Enter -o,r real na+e and a ,serna+e and /assword. Eer- ti+e -o,Jll ,se !in,7 "int-o,Jll ,se -o,r acco,nt with this ,serna+e and /assword. Once !in,7 "int is installed-o,Jll ;e a;le to define other acco,nts if other /eo/le are to ,se this co+/,ter.Also gie -o,r co+/,ter a na+e. This na+e will ;e ,sed ;- -o,r co+/,ter on thenetwor2 or in ario,s /laces of the s-ste+. If -o,Je neer reall- tho,ght a;o,t na+ing

-o,r co+/,ters8 then now is the ti+e. Peo/le co++onl- /ic2 flower ?dahlia8 rose8 t,li/@or /lanet ?+ars8 >,/iter8 /l,to@ na+es for the co+/,ters on their networ2. ItJs entirel- ,/to -o, what -o, want to ,se8 ;,t +a2e s,re to /ic2 a na+e -o, li2e and that -o, willeasil- re+e+;er.

Note: 1apital letters* spaces and special characters are not permitted in the username or in the name of thecomputer.

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If -o,


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Note: "he installer will download pac)ages from the %nternet to support the language you0ve selected. our

computer needs to be connected to the %nternet for this to wor). 'therwise 9ust s)ip that step and you0llbe able to add support for your language after the installation is finished and you0ve rebooted into your

new system.

Once the installation is done clic2 the )Restart Now* ;,tton and the lieDVD or!ie(#= eniron+ent will sh,t down.

hen /ro+/ted8 re+oe the DVD fro+ the drie or re+oe the (#= and /ress Enter.4o,r P3 is now read- to ;oot !in,7 "int fro+ the hard drie.

T B((& ;*%+

(/on re;oot8 if -o, hae +ore than one o/erating s-ste+ installed8 -o, sho,ld see a);oot +en,*. Once !in,7 "int is finished loading -o, sho,ld see a new screen initing-o, to enter -o,r ,serna+e and /assword. This screen is the )"D" !ogin "anager* andis co++onl- called )"D"*. Enter the /assword -o, chose d,ring the installation.

Note: (y default* your root password is the same as the password you chose during the installation. %f

you do not )now what this means* then don-t worry about it.

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I%&'()*+&,(% &( & D&(

This section of the g,ide will foc,s on the technologies and the tools that are s/ecific to!in,7 "int and /roide infor+ation on so+e of the a//lications and technologiesincl,ded ;- defa,lt in the 3inna+on Edition.

T C,%%2(% D&(

The )des2to/* is the co+/onent of the o/erating s-ste+ which is res/onsi;le for theele+ents that a//ear on the des2to/ The Panel8 the all/a/er8 the 3ontrol 3enter8 the+en,setc.

The 3inna+on Edition of !in,7 "int ,ses the )3inna+on* des2to/ which is ;othint,itie and /owerf,l.

D&( S&&,%


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#&&,%< &( %( & 2%*

!in,7 "int co+es with the defa,lt 3inna+on +en,.To o/en the +en, clic2 on the )"en,* ;,tton at the ;otto+left corner of -o,r screen or/ress 3TR!#(PER! ?)#,/er!* is the left indows 2e- on -o,r 2e-;oard@.

T =P7+> 2%*

hen -o, choose the section called )Places* then -o, will see fie entries. These entriesgie -o, C,ic2 access to the +ost i+/ortant /laces within -o,r 3inna+on Des2to/.

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The )3o+/,ter* Place shows -o, the storage ol,+es /resent in -o,r co+/,ter. If -o,r/artitions are alread- +o,nted and )Des2to/ #ettings* is set to show )"o,nted Vol,+es*

on the des2to/8 then -o, /ro;a;l- donJt need to access this Place er- often. 'oweer8 if-o, choose not to show the +o,nted ol,+es on -o,r des2to/8 or if -o, need to +o,nt a/artition which is not +o,nted ;- defa,lt8 this Place can /roe er- ,sef,l.

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In contrast8 the )'o+e* Place is one of the +en, ;,ttons -o,Jll /ro;a;l- ,se the +ost. If-o,Je ,sed 3inna+on ;efore8 -o,Jre /ro;a;l- ,sed to clic2ing on the )'o+e* icon/laced on the des2to/. hen windows are o/ened and when the des2to/ is notco+/letel- isi;le8 the +en, can /roe ,sef,l ;- /roiding -o, with a wa- to C,ic2l-access -o,r )'o+e*.

4o,r )'o+e* folder e7ists to gie -o, a /lace to /,t all of -o,r /ersonal data. The )Des2to/* folder corres/onds to what is shown on -o,r des2to/8 so /lacing a

file here will also /lace it on -o,r des2to/. The sa+e effect can ;e achieed ;-si+/l- dragging the file onto the des2to/.

The )Networ2* Place si+/l- shows -o, the other co+/,ters8 shared serices8

do+ains8 and wor2gro,/s /resent on -o,r networ2. The )Trash* Place is where files end ,/ after -o, delete the+.

hen -o, right clic2 on a file -o, can either )"oe to Trash* or )Delete*. If -o, chooseto )Delete*8 the file will ;e /er+anentl- deleted and -o, nor+all- wonJt ;e a;le to

recoer it. If -o, choose )"oe to Trash* it will ;e +oed to the )Trash* Place8 which isaccessi;le fro+ the +en,. ro+ there -o, will ;e a;le to drag and dro/ it so+ewhereelse if -o, want to restore it8 /er+anentl- delete one or +ore files8 or select )E+/t-Trash* if -o, want to /er+anentl- delete all ite+s fro+ the Trash.

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T =S/&2> 2%*

There are a n,+;er of s-ste+choices in the +en,. These /roide C,ic2 access toi+/ortant feat,res of the s-ste+. Often -o, need to enter -o,r /assword so ,na,thoriHed,se of these o/tions is not /ossi;le.

The )#oftware "anager* ;,tton la,nches the !in,7 "int #oftware "anager. This/rogra+ is the reco++ended wa- to install software in !in,7 "int. e will tal2 +orea;o,t this feat,re later onB for now8 let


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The )Pac2age "anager* ;,tton la,nches an a//lication called )#-na/tic*. The /,r/oseof this a//lication is to +anage the /ac2ages that are installed on -o,r co+/,ter and the/ac2ages that are aaila;le in the re/ositories. If this doesnJt +a2e +,ch sense to -o, -et8donJt worr-8 we will tal2 a;o,t /ac2ages and how the- wor2 in greater detail later on.

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The )#-ste+ #ettings* ;,tton la,nches the 3inna+on control center. This a//lication lets-o, config,re eer- as/ect of the 3inna+on des2to/ and of the co+/,ter in general. ewill go thro,gh each ite+ within this control center at a later ti+e.

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The )Ter+inal* ;,tton la,nches an a//lication called )Ter+inal* which lets -o, enterco++ands directl- ,sing the 2e-;oard. If -o,Jre ,sed to "icrosoft indows -o, +a-thin2 that this is old hat8 ;eca,se in indows the co++and line hasn


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or to get a >o; done +ore efficientl-. 4es8 -o, read that rightQ It can ;e +ore efficient tot-/e a single co++and8 for certain tas2s8 than to o/en ,/ lots of windows to achiee thesa+e thing. The +ore -o, ,se it8 the +ore -o,Jll co+e to act,all- li2e it. Re+e+;er

how -o, didnJt li2e certain things when -o, were a 2id and how -o, co,ldnJt do witho,tthe+ now Ter+inal is one of these things. In a few wee2s8 -o,Jll ;e co+/letel- addictedto it. 4o,


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T =A7,+&,(%> 2%*

The !in,7 "int DVD is co+/ressed and act,all- contains a;o,t %= of data. Thea//lications that are incl,ded ;- defa,lt when -o, install !in,7 "int are said to ;e /artof the )Defa,lt #oftware #election*.

#ince one of the /,r/oses of !in,7 "int is to ;e eas- to ,se and to wor2 o,t of the ;o78 acollection of software is incl,ded ;- defa,lt in order to let -o, achiee co++onKi+/ortant tas2s.

In the righthand section of the +en,8 -o, can see all installed a//lications. The- areorganiHed ;- categories. The first categor- is called )All a//lications* and8 as -o,/ro;a;l- g,essed8 it shows -o, a list of all installed a//lications.

The last two categories8 )Preferences* and )Ad+inistration*8 show -o, the tools anda//lications /roided to config,re and ad+inistrate !in,7 "int. eJll foc,s on thesea//lications later on8 as the- are also /resent in the )3onfig,ration center*.

The categories in the center /roide +ost of the a//lications -o,Jll ,se on a dail- ;asis.As -o, install new software8 new categories +ight a//ear.

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In )Accessories*8 -o, can find the following software

N2 D+',&,(%

Archie "anager Tool to iew8 create or e7tract archie files ?Hi/8 tar8 ...@

3alc,lator A calc,lator3haracter "a/ A tool to easil- co/- and /aste s/ecial characters

?accent,ation for instance@

Dis2s A tool which shows -o, how -o,r hard dries are/artitioned.

Doc,+ent Viewer A tool for iewing PDo,r8%ad,%ad,8 %oogleTal28 %ro,/ise8 I3G8 IR38 "#N8"-#/aceI"8 GG8 #I"P!E8 #a+eti+e8 "PP8 4ahoo andUe/h-r@

Th,nder;ird "ail An E+ail a//lication

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Trans+ission A Torrent client.

In )Office* -o, can find the following software

N2 D+',&,(%!i;reOffice A general starter for this office s,ite

!i;reOffice =ase A data;ase a//lication

!i;reOffice 3alc A s/readsheet a//lication ?alternatie to "icrosoftE7cel and co+/ati;le with !#@

!i;reOffice Draw A gra/hics a//lication

!i;reOffice I+/ress A /resentation a//lication to +a2e slides ?alternatieto "icrosoft Power/oint and co+/ati;le with PPT@

!i;reOffice "ath A tool to create and edit "ath for+,las

!i;reOffice riter A word /rocessor ?alternatie to "icrosoft ord andco+/ati;le with DO3.@

In )#o,nd 6 Video* -o, can find the following software

N2 D+',&,(%

=anshee A +,sic a//lication to /la- online radio8 strea++,sic fro+ the Internet and online +,sic sericesand to listen to -o,r collection of +,sic files?alternatie to iT,nes@. =anshee also +anages/odcasts8 /orta;le /la-ers and can ri/ 3Ds.

=rasero A 3DKDVD ;,rning a//lication. =rasero can also+a2e a,dio 3Ds fro+ +,lti+edia files.

Videos Tote+ ideo /la-er

V!3 +edia /la-er A ideo /la-er8 notorio,s for ;eing a;le to /la- +ostideo files aaila;le on the e;.

T =S'+> ,7)

If -o, canJt re+e+;er how to find a /artic,lar a//lication within the +en, or if -o, wantto get C,ic2er access to it -o, can ,se the search feat,re. #i+/l- clic2 on )"en,* in the;otto+left corner of -o,r screen and start t-/ing the na+e or a descri/tion of thea//lication -o,Jre loo2ing for.

As -o,Jre t-/ing8 onl- the a//lications +atching -o,r search will sta- isi;le within the

+en,.

D,% /(*' :(',& 7,+&,(%

4o,Jll ,se so+e a//lications +ore than others8 so -o,Jll C,ic2l- find that -o, want fastaccess to the a//lications that -o,Jre ,sing the +ost.

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The +en, lets -o, define )faorite* a//lications and 2ee/ the+ on a s/ecial +en, foreas- aaila;ilit-.

Right clic2 on an a//lication of -o,r choice with the +en, and select )Add to faorites*.In the sa+e wa- -o, can also choose to )Re+oe fro+ faorites*. 4o,r faorites will ;eshown in the left of the +en,.

4o, can also reorganiHe these a//lications. =- dragging and dro//ing -o, can change theorder.

M /(*' (% ('&+*&

If -o, donJt li2e the idea of haing )aorite* a//lications8 -o, can si+/l- ,se -o,r/anel or -o,r des2to/ to achiee si+ilar res,lts8 ?na+el-8 giing -o,rself C,ic2 access to

-o,r a//lications@. #i+/l- right clic2 the a//lication of -o,r choice fro+ the +en, toand choose )Add to /anel* or )Add to des2to/*.

C%


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R&(' & )*7& &&,%


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S(&' M%


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,rther+ore8 a /ro;le+ with downloading and installing +,lti/le different /rogra+s8fro+ +,lti/le different deelo/ers8 is that there is no +anagerial infrastr,ct,re. =efore

-o, sa- );ig deal*8 consider how -o, are going to 2ee/ all these different /ieces ofsoftware ,/ to date. If -o, get tired of a /rogra+ and want to re+oe it8 how do -o,2now how to achiee that The /rogra+ in C,estion +ight not hae co+e with a re+oalo/tion8 and een if it did8 +,ch of the ti+e this will fail to re+oe the software cleanl-and co+/letel-. In a er- real sense8 when -o, ran that installer /rogra+8 -o, gae ,/so+e of -o,r control of -o,r co+/,ter to a /rogra+ written entirel- ;- a co+/letestranger.

inall-8 software which is distri;,ted in this wa- is often8 ;- irt,e of necessit-8 )static*.This +eans that not onl- do -o, need to download the /rogra+ itself8 ;,t also all of thedata li;raries that are reC,ired for it to r,n. #ince a third/art- software deelo/er cannot

2now which data li;raries -o, +a- alread- hae aaila;le on -o,r s-ste+8 the onl- wa-that the- can g,arantee it will r,n on -o,r s-ste+ is ;- s,//l-ing all of the data li;rariesit needs along with the /rogra+ itself. This +eans ;igger downloads8 and it +eans thatwhen the ti+e co+es to ,/date a gien li;rar-8 it needs to ;e done se/aratel- for all those/rogra+s ,sing it8 instead of >,st once. In s,++ar-8 the distri;,tion of static softwareres,lts in the ,nnecessar- d,/lication of a lot of wor2.

Pac2age +anage+ent in !in,7 "int8 and %N(K!in,7 o/erating s-ste+s in general8 has;een esta;lished for so+e ti+e and is the /referred +ethod for +anaging software as itaoids all of these iss,es. e


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The software now +oes down the strea+ to /ac2age +aintainers8 who are eitherol,nteers or /aid e+/lo-ees wor2ing for a !in,7 distri;,tion. It is their res/onsi;ilit- toco+/ile the so,rce code for the software8 test it on the distri;,tion to +a2e s,re that it

wor2s8 resole an- /ro;le+s that the- enco,nter and finall- pac)agethe co+/iled ?i.e.8+achinereada;le@ software in a conenient for+at. This /ac2age contains the e7ec,ta;le/rogra+?s@8 their config,ration files8 and the instr,ctions the /ac2age +anage+entsoftware needs to s,ccessf,ll- install it. Note that it won


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/ro;le+s de+onstrate8 /arado7icall-8 the strength and sec,rit- of /ac2age +anage+ent.=eca,se -o,r /ac2age +anager 2ee/s fastidio,s records of eer-thing it eer does8 it isa;le to reerse installations8 cleanl- and co+/letel-. It will +a2e s,re that re+oing one

/ac2age doesn


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co+/anies@8 the re/ositor- and /ac2ages the+seles are sec,red ;-certificates and %P% 2e-s. If so+ething


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Real and %oogle@. Of co,rse the ,/strea+ a//lication co+es fro+ these deelo/ers8 ;,tonl- after the-Je ;een /ro/erl- /ac2aged and tested do the- ;eco+e aaila;le for -o,.#o8 in other words8 -o, sho,ld neer need to go and ;rowse the Internet to loo2 for

software8 as eer-thing -o, need is aaila;le and alread- tested for -o, and for -o,rs-ste+ ;- the !in,7 "int and (;,nt, tea+s. All -o, need to do is choose what -o, wantto do.

!in,7 "int will ,/date itself a,to+aticall- thro,gh a tool called the (/date "anager8which will ,/date not onl- the ;ase o/erating s-ste+8 ;,t all the software installed on-o,r +achine as well.

It


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Now letJs see how we co,ld hae installed O/era ,sing the APT co++and line tool.

O/en the +en, and select )Ter+inal*. Then t-/e the following co++and

apt install opera

Note: a)e sure synaptic is closed before using A#". &ynaptic is using A#" in the bac)ground so both

can0t run at the same time. "he same goes for the &oftware anager.

As -o, can see APT is e7tre+el- eas- to ,se ;,t itJs not gra/hical. ItJs O$. If -o,Jrestarting with !in,7 -o, /ro;a;l- /refer to deal with a gra/hical interface ?that


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Note: a)e sure synaptic is closed before using A#". &ynaptic is using A#" in the bac)ground so both

can0t run at the same time.

And thatJs it. ith one single co++and -o,Je re+oed O/era fro+ -o,r co+/,ter.

S/%&,+

4o, can also ,se #-na/tic to re+oe /ac2ages... !in,7 is all a;o,t choice so letJs seehow to do this.

O/en the +en, and select )Pac2age "anager*.

3lic2 on the )#earch* ;,tton and select )o/era*. Then go thro,gh the list of /ac2ages andfind the one corres/onding to the O/era e; =rowser. Tic2 the ;o7 and select )"ar2 forRe+oal* then clic2 on the )A//l-* ;,tton.

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U)& /(*' /&2 %) /(*' 7,+&,(%

If a new ersion of an- /ac2age installed on -o,r co+/,ter is +ade aaila;le -o, can,/grade to it. It +a- ;e a sec,rit- ,/date for so+e co+/onent of the o/erating s-ste+8 it+a- ;e an o/ti+iHation in one s/ecific li;rar- or it +a- een ;e a newer ersion ofirefo7. =asicall-8 -o,r s-ste+ is +ade of /ac2ages and an- /art of it can ;e ,/dated ;-,/dating so+e of those /ac2ages. This +eans re/lacing the c,rrent /ac2age with a newerersion.

There are +an- wa-s to do this ;,t onl- one of the+ is reco++ended.

4o, co,ld ,se APT to ,/grade all -o,r /ac2ages with one si+/le co++and ?)a/t,/grade*@ ;,t we strongl- reco++end -o, donJt do so. The reason is that it doesn


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If -o, clic2 on the loc2 icon8 the (/date "anager o/ens and the first ti+e it will as2 -o,if -o, want to switch to a local +irror for -o,r ,/dates. Eer-where in the world there

are organisations that want to hel/ !in,7 "int to s/read ,/dates in order to gie ,sers the;est e7/erience when downloading or ,/dating /ac2ages. If -o, don


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Of co,rse -o, can clic2 on the col,+ns to sort ;- sta;ilit- leel8 stat,s8 /ac2age na+e or;- ersion. 4o, can select all ,/dates or ,nselect all of the+ ;- ,sing the )3lear* and)#elect All* ;,ttons.

!eel 1 and !eel & ,/dates are ris2free and -o, sho,ld alwa-s a//l- the+. !eel ,/dates )sho,ld ;e safe* ;,t8 altho,gh we reco++end -o, ta2e the+8 +a2e s,re -o,loo2 oer the+ on the list of ,/dates. If -o, e7/erience a /ro;le+ with a /artic,lar !eel ,/date8 tell the !in,7 "int deelo/+ent tea+ so the- can ta2e +eas,res to +a2e that,/date a !eel or a !eel 5 so as to warn or een disco,rage others against a//l-ing it.

If -o, select Edit Preferences !eel -o, sho,ld see the screen a;oe. =- defa,lt the(/date "anager tells -o, a;o,t !eel 18 & and ,/dates. 4o, can decide to +a2e !eel and 5 )isi;le*. This will +a2e +ore ,/dates a//ear in the list. If -o, want to -o, caneen +a2e !eel and 5 ,/dates )safe* ?altho,gh this is %(&reco++ended@. This willca,se the+ to ;e selected ;- defa,lt within the (/date "anager.

The (/date "anager onl- co,nts )safe* ,/dates. #o when it tells -o, -o,r s-ste+ is ,/to date8 it +eans there are no ,/dates aaila;le assigned with a leel that -o, defined as;eing )safe*.

The (/date "anager onl- shows )isi;le* ,/dates in the list.

or e7a+/le8 if -o, +ade all leels )isi;le* and onl- !eel 1 and & )safe*8 -o, wo,ldsee a lot of ,/dates in the list8 ;,t the (/date "anager wo,ld /ro;a;l- tell -o, that -o,rs-ste+ was ,/ to date.

The )O/tions* ta; gies -o, a few choises for twea2ing the (/date "anager.

(nder O/tions the )Incl,de ,/dates which reC,ire the installation of new /ac2ages or there+oal of installed /ac2ages* o/tion allows -o, to define whether the (/date "anagersho,ld install new de/endencies or not. or instance if /ac2age A ersion 1 was installed

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on -o,r co+/,ter and /ac2age A ersion & ;eca+e aaila;le8 ;,t ersion & had a newde/endenc- on /ac2age = which isnJt installed on -o,r co+/,ter what wo,ld ha//en

If -o, left this chec2;o7 ,nchec2ed8 ersion & wo,ld not a//ear as an ,/date in the list of,/dates.

If -o, chec2ed this chec2;o78 it wo,ld8 and if selected it wo,ld install /ac2age = as ade/endenc-.

=e caref,l with this o/tion as de/endenc- can install new /ac2ages on -o,r ;ehalf ;,tthe- can also so+eti+es re+oe /ac2ages -o, alread- hae installed.

The )A,toRefresh* ta; allows -o, to define how often the (/date "anager chec2s for,/dates.

In the )Ignored /ac2ages* ta; -o, can define /ac2ages for which -o, do not want toreceie ,/dates. )* and )W* wildcard characters are s,//orted.

The )Icons* ta; lets -o, change the icons ,sed ;- the (/date "anager in the s-ste+ tra-.

If -o, get errors with the (/date "anager ?)3anJt refresh list of /ac2ages* for instance@8-o, can chec2 the logs. Right clic2 on the loc2 icon in the s-ste+ tra- and select)Infor+ation*. The following screen a//ears

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In this screen -o, can see the /rocess ID of the (/date "anager8 whether it


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T, %) T',+Are -o, +a2ing the +ost of -o,r des2to/ Do -o, ,s,all- /ress )3TR!3* on -o,r2e-;oard to co/- so+e te7t Do -o, o/en a te7t editor to ta2e a C,ic2 note 'ow do -o,share files with -o,r friends There are +an- wa-s to /erfor+ si+/le tas2s8 so+e +ore

efficient than others. This cha/ter is going to show -o, a few /artic,larities of !in,783inna+on8 and the !in,7 "int des2to/8 to +a2e s,re -o, +a2e the +ost of -o,r s-ste+.

C(/ %) & ,& & 2(*

"ost /eo/le are ,sed to clic2ing on the )Edit* +en, or to right clic2ing on the contentthe- want to co/-. In !in,7 "int -o, can do this as well8 ;,t +ost %N(K!in,7 o/eratings-ste+s also let -o, co/- and /aste content fro+ the co+fort of -o,r +o,se. 'ere


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Now clic2 on so+e other /art of the doc,+ent to +oe the c,rsor there and clic2 the+iddle ;,tton of -o,r +o,se ?or the wheelclic2 if -o, hae a +o,se with a wheel8 or

;oth the left and right ;,ttons together if -o,r +o,se onl- has two ;,ttons... eer-thing


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To+;o- Notes is a er- eas- tool to ,se. =- clic2ing on it -o, get a list of all -o,r notes.4o, can create new notes ;- clic2ing on )3reate New Note*.

A new note o/ens ,/. =- changing its title -o,


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C(%+7*,(%There

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