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Table of Contentsalliterationallusionantithesisapostropheassonanceconsonancedetailsdictionfigures of speechflashbackforeshadowinghyperboleimagerymetaphormoodironymotivationnarrationonomatopoeiaoxymoronparadoxpersonificationplotpoint of viewprosodyprotagonistpunrepetitionrhymesarcasmsettingshift or turnsimilesound devicesstructurestylesuspensesymbolsynecdochesyntaxthemetoneunderstatementwebsitesheader pageplagiarismYahoo!north pennAssOnAncE&CoNSoNaNCethe repetition of accented vowel sounds in a series of wordsthe repetition of a consonant sound within a series of words to produce a harmonious effectSSSDDDAnd each low u k a

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Cr b the hills deYYIExamplein Contextantithesis

for richer or poorer

Sink or swimis a direct juxtaposition of structurally parallel words, phrases, or clauses for the purpose of contrast: e.g., sink or swim.Anthonys nuptial antithesisTableExamplein Context.Oh, period

Thoushouldst be living!apostropheis a form of personification in which the absent or deadare spoken to as if present and the inanimate, as if animate.

Periods go inside quotesTable of contentsExamplein ContextdetailsTable of contents

The facts revealed by the author or speaker that support the attitude or tone in a piece of poetry or prose.Examplein Contextfigures of speechTable of contents

The trees stood up to the woodcutter.

Words or phrases that describe one thing in terms of something else. They always involve some sort of imaginative comparison between seemingly unlike things. Not meant to be taken literally, figurative language is used to produce images in a readers mind and to express ideas in fresh, vivid and imaginative ways.The most common examples of figurative language, or figures of speech, used both in poetry and prose, are simile, metaphor and personification.Examplein Contextclickonme!

flashback!a scene that interrupts the action of a workto show a previous event

Table of contentsExamplein ContextTable of contentsShift or TurnA change or movement in a piece resulting from...

an epiphany, realization, or insightgained by the speaker, a character, or the reader.Examplein ContextIronyTable of contents

Situational irony: when a situation turns out differently from what one would expect though often the twist is oddly appropriate: e.g., a deep sea diver drowning in a bathtub.

Verbal irony: when a person says one thing, but means the exact opposite: e.g., It is easy to stop smoking. Ive done it many times.

Dramatic irony: when a character or speakersays or does something that has different meanings from what he or she thinks it has, though the audience and other characters understand the full implications of the speech or action: e.g., Romeo kills himself believing Juliet has died, while the audience knows Juliet is still alive.

Isnt it ironic, dont you think?Examplein ContextPARADOXTable of contents

Ah, yes everything is going according to my plansParadox occurs when the elements of a statement contradict each other. Although the statement may appear illogical, impossible, or absurd, it turns out to have a coherent meaning that reveals a hidden truth: e.g., Much madness is divinest sense.

Examplein ContextMetaphorTable of contents

A COMPARISON OF TWO UNLIKE THINGS NOT USING LIKE OR AS.Table of contentsTIME IS MONEY.Examplein ContextExample 2in ContextMoodTable of contents

The atmosphere or predominant emotion in a literary work.

Obvious ExampleLess Obvious ExampleMotivationTable of contents

A circumstance or set of circumstances that prompts a character to act in a certain way or that determines the outcome of a situation or work.Examplein ContextWhat motivates Willie Loman in "Death of a Salesman?"Table of contents

narrationThe telling of a storyin writingor speakingExamplein ContextOnomatopoeiaTable of contents

Pow!Bop!Zonk!(imitative harmony)The use of words that mimic the sounds they describe: e.g., hiss, buzz, and bang.When onomatopoeia is used on an extended scale in a poem, it is called imitative harmony. Examplein ContextOXYMORONTable of contents

jumbo shrimpsweet sorrowcold fireA form of paradox that combines a pair of opposite terms into a single unusual expression.

Examplein ContextWater Ice!!!Table of contentsPersonificationa kind of metaphor that gives inanimate objectsor abstract ideashuman characteristics

e.g., "The wind criedin the dark."Examplein ContextPLOTTable of contentsTHE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OR ACTIONS IN A SHORT STORY, NOVEL, PLAY, OR NARRATIVE POEM.

"I'mthirsty!"Examplein ContextPoint of viewTable of contentsThe perspective from which a story is told.

Examplein ContextPROSODYTable of contents

The study of sound and rhythm. proseproseproseproseproseprose

Examplein ContextprotagonistTable of contents

Fortunately, not only could our PROTAGONIST fly he was also A PRO diver!HELP ME !!!Can our protagonist save the day!?!?Examplein ContextTable of contentsPUNWhat is a pun? The following information is from the Pun FAQtory. In Italian, 'puntiglio' means "a fine point," hence a verbal quibble, and is most likely the source of the English "punctilious. A pun is defined by Webster as "the humorous use of a word, or of words which are formed or sounded alike but have different meanings, in such a way as to play on two or more of the possible applications; a play on words."

Why do people groan when a pun is told? A pun is often considered obvious humor, since the person relating it is merely balancing the humor in it on a twist of a word's meaning or sound. Children love this type of obvious humor and can laugh at it without reproachments. Adults, on the other hand, are more likely to have a twinge of envy, and "why didn't I think of that?". It is this envy in adults that subconciously causes them to groan upon hearing a pun. As time goes on, it can only be hoped that we adults will eventually learn to react more like a child and less like a groan-up!

There are different types of puns. Homographic puns make use of multiple meanings from a single spelling (e.g., "pen" for writing instrument or animal enclosure). These are also referred to as "antanaclasis". Homophonic puns use like sounds but with different spellings and meanings. This is also referred to as polyptoton. Examples of homophones are scent and sent, jeans and genes, waive and wave, and buy and bye.

Slide 2PUN = FUNExamplein ContextRepetitionTable of contentsThe deliberate use of any element of language more than once.This can be repetition in sound, word, phrase, sentence, grammatical pattern, or rhythmical pattern.

Examplein ContextTable of contentsRhyme The correspondance of terminal sounds.

Types of Rhyme: true rhyme or perfect rhyme late-fate; hollow-follow

Masculine rhyme: a single stressed syllable still-hill

Feminine rhyme (also double rhyme): a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable ending-bending

eye rhyme: appears the same, but does not sound the same prove-love; come- doom

imperfect rhyme, partial rhyme, near rhyme, slant rhyme loads-lids-lads, groaned-crooned

Examplein ContextTable of contentsSarcasmThe use of verbal irony in which a person appears to be praising something but is actually insulting it: e.g., As I fell down the stairs headfirst, I heard her say, Look at that coordination!

Examplein ContextTable of contentsSetting

in which events in a short story, novel, play or narrative poem take place.The timedateand placeExamplein ContextisTable of contentsSimilie

"The warrior fought like a lion."A comparison of two different things or ideas through the use of the words like or as. A definitely stated comparison where the poet says one thing is like another. For example

Examplein ContextTable of contentsSound DevicesStylistic techniques that convey meaning through sound. Some examples of sound device are

Rhyme:Assonance:Consonance:Alliteration:Onomatopoeia:Two words having the same sound.Repetition of similar vowel sounds.Repetition of similar consonant sounds.Words beginning with the same consonant sound.Words that sound like their meaning.

Examplein ContextStructureTable of contents

The framework or organization of a literary selection.The structure of fiction is usually determined by plot and by chapter division; the structure of drama depends upon its division into acts and scenes; the structure of an essay depends upon the organization of ideas; the structure of poetry is determined by its rhyme scheme and stanzaic form.

Examplein ContextStyleTable of contents

Style is the writer's characteristic manner of employing language.

It was quite obviousthey had no style.Examplein Context

Suspense is the quality of a short story, novel, play, narrative poem or movie that makes the reader or audience uncertain or tense about the outcome of events.

Table of contentsDont press this button!

SUSPENSEExamplein ContextTable of contentsSymbolAny object, person, place, or action that has both a meaning in itself and that stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, attitude, belief, or value:e.g., the land turtle in Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath suggests or reflects the toughness and resilience of the migrant workers.

Examplein ContextSynecdoche (metonymy)Synecdoche is a form of metaphor where part of something is used to signify the whole: e.g., All hands on deck.The reverse, whereby the whole can represent a part, is also synecdoche: e.g., Canada played the United States in the Olympic hockey finalsAnother form of synecdoche is when the container represents the thing being contained: e.g., The pot is boiling.In one last form of synecdoche, the material from which an object is made stands for the object itself: e.g., The quarterback tossed the pigskin. In metonymy, the name of one thing is applied to another thing with which it is closely associated: e.g., I love Shakespeare.

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Syntax

The arrangement of words and the order of gramatical elements in a sentence

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It is not the same as subject, which can be expressed in a word or two: courage, survival, war, pride, etc.The theme is the idea the author wishes to convey about that subject. It is expressed as a sentence or general statement about life or human nature.The central message of a literary work.A literary work can have more than one theme, and most themes are not directly stated, but are implied. The reader must think about all the elements of the work and use them to make inferences, or reasonable guesses, as to which themes seem to be implied. ThemeExamplein ContextTONE

Eat my shorts, man!Tone is the writers or speakers attitude toward a subject, character, or audience, and it is conveyed through the authors choice of words and detail.Tone can be serious, humorous, sarcastic, indignant, objective, etc.Table of contentsExamplein ContextTable of contentsUnderstatement

The opposite of hyperbole. A kind of irony that deliberately represents something as being much less than it really is:e.g., I could probably manage to survive on a salary of two million dollars per year.

(meiosis, litotes)Examplein ContextTable of contentsUseful Websites for Literary AnalysisLiterary Analysis of PoetryLiterary Analysis GuideDictionary.comWriting Literary AnalysisCritical Theory TermsTerry Eagleton site

Purdue Owl Writing SiteGlossary of Poetry Terms