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English Modals II

Quarter 1 - Module 3

Luz D. Cortez

(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT)

A Joint Project of the

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY and

DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

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English-Grade 9

Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Modals II First Edition, 2020

Development Team of the Module

Author: Luz D. Cortez

Editor: Elma S. Quimpo,

Reviewer: Josephine M. Cuenca

Layout Artist: Mark Chiron D. Cortez Management Team:

Virgilio P. Batan Jr. CESO VI, Schools Divisions Superintendent

Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI, Asst. Schools Superintendent

Amelinda D. Montero, DM – Chief, CID

Nur N. Hussien,Ed.D – Chief, SGOD

Ronillo S. Yarag –EPS LRMS

Leo Martine O. Alejo – PDO II - LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region IX- Dipolog City Schools Division

Office Address: Purok Farmers, Olingan, Dipolog(065) 212 – 6986

E-mail Address: dipolog.city@deped.gov.ph

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What I Need to Know

Effective communication in English will not be possible without frequently

using modals. In order to become effective, one has to have a thorough

understanding of its functions since modals can be completely different from one

another. Modal verbs can have more than one meaning. Meanings vary how these

modals are used in context.

Certain types of modals often lead to ambiguity because of its multiple

meanings. This what makes modals quite confusing to learners at times.

Learners find it challenging when modals are to be used in sentences. If not carefully

taken, students often commit mistakes when forming statements that need the

representation of these modals.

In this module you will learn more about modals in sentences.

Essential Learning Competency: Modals

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the module, the learners are expected to:

1. Express permission, obligation, prohibition, probability, possibility, uncertainty, impossibility, (in)ability

2. Use modals in asking/giving advice and direction, drawing

conclusions and predicting outcomes

3. Form sentences using appropriate modals

What I Know

TEST I: Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the best option that

each statement suggests. Select the correct answer from the given choices and

write it on a separate sheet.

1. What does the following sentence mean?

I couldn't have failed the test! I studied so hard.

a. I don't believe I failed.

b. I didn't take the test.

c. I might have failed the test.

d. I failed the test.

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2. What does the following sentence mean?

This new car can't be for me!

a. I don't want this new car. b. I can't believe this new car is for me.

c. I don't like this new car.

d. I can’t believe this car is new.

3. Which sentence is talking about ability in the past?

a. John can read a book in one day.

b. Bob's brother is able to visit him during the vacation.

c. The teacher could see all of the students.

d. Ana might call me in school.

4. How are phrasal modals similar to other modals?

a. Both types of modals have different present have the word to.

b. When they are with another verb, the other verb stays in its original form.

c. When they are in a sentence, there are no other verbs. d. They use the same subjects.

5. Which sentence has a correct modal?

a. She have to sleep late on Saturday. b. Mary has got to find a job soon.

c. You have got give me a present for my birthday.

d. The house had be renovated.

6. Which sentence uses a modal correctly? a. The shop owner should to open his store earlier.

b. This meat ought be cooked longer.

c. He'd better work harder if he wants to be successful.

d. We shouldn’t glad to know about the accident.

7. Which sentence uses maybe correctly?

a. Maybe it will rain tomorrow.

b. We will buy a new car maybe.

c. He maybe late to class today. d. The bus leaves maybe at 8 am.

8. Which sentence uses the correct word order?

a. Might the professor deny our request for an extension. b. The professor deny might our request for an extension.

c. The professor might deny our request for an extension.

d. Might deny the professor our request for an extension.

9. Which sentence has the strongest advice? a. Marcia is hungry, so she ought to buy a hamburger

b. Marcia is hungry, so she'd better buy a hamburger.

c. Marcia is hungry, so she should buy a hamburger.

d. Marcia is hungry, so she may buy a hamburger

10. Which sentence has a similar meaning?

My family would rather go swimming than go snorkeling.

a. My family would rather not go swimming.

b. My family would rather go swimming. c. My family would rather go snorkeling.

d. My family would rather go swimming and snorkeling.

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Make May Ability Create sold

Must Made Permission

Discussion Practice

Could Concepts Predict Probability Possibility Might

Conclusion Outcome Run

Do Able Can Allowed

Directions

What’s In Jumbled Word:

Unscramble the letters on the box to come up with a word that makes sense.

Clue: Hello, I am a kind of verb. I am ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.

Word Search

Pick out the five (5) modals found inside the word box and write your answer in a

separate sheet.

1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. ____________________

4. ____________________

5. ____________________

O D M L D A

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What’s New

Activity 1:

Here are song clips with modals. Sing the lines to better appreciate it and pick out

the modals that are found in it. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

1. “I can hear you but I won’t

Some look for trouble for trouble while others don’t

There’s a thousand reasons, I should go about my day

And ignore your whispers which I wish would go away.”

Sung by Idina Menzel, Let It Go

2. “Head in the clouds got no weight on my shoulders

I should be wiser and realize that I’ve got.”

Sung by Ariana Grande, Problem

3. “Tell me why are we wasting time on all your wasted cryin

When you should be with me instead

I know I can treat you better than he can.”

Sung by Shawn Mendez, Treat you Better

4. “Something’s tellin me it might be you

Yeah, it’s telling me it might be you, all of my life .”

Sung by Stephen Bishop, It Might Be You

5. “We could have had it al, rolling in the deep

You had my heart and soul.”

Sung by Adelle, Rolling In The Deep

6. “It’s a quarter one, I’m all alone and I need you now

Said I wouldn’t call but I lost all control and I need you now.”

Sung by Lady Antebellum, Need You Now

7. “May not have the fancy things but I’ll give you everything You could ever want, it’s in my arms.”

Sung by Lady Gaga, The Cure

8. “This ain’t for the best, my reputation never been worse

So you must like me, for me.” Sung by Taylor Swift, Delicate

9. “I can lead with pride, I can make us strong

I’ll be satisfied if I play along.”

Sung by Alessia Cara, How Far I’ll Go

10. “You must not know about me.

I could have another you in a minute.”

Sung by Beyonce, Irreplaceable

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What is It

Modals mainly add information to other verbs. How are these modals formed

in sentences?

Grammatically, modal verbs have their own rules. Let’s learn about them.

1. A modal verb never change in form.

Incorrect Correct

He cans. He can.

They woulded… They would…

2. Use the original form of the verb, meaning NO -s, -ing, or ed after the verb.

Original verb form(underlined) Subject + Modal + original verb form

He dances. He can dance.

The students wore an ID. The students must wear an ID.

I am taking my dog in the park. I should take my dog in the park.

Popcorn is sick. Popcorn might be sick.

3. Modals can’t be used in different times and tenses. Modals don’t have past,

perfect or future tense like regular verbs have.

Incorrect Correct

He can danced all night. He can dance all night.

The students must wearing an ID The students must wear an ID.

Stores may will open on holidays. Stores may open on holidays.

4. Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs which means you make negatives by adding

NOT at the end of the verb

can-can’t could- couldn’t must- mustn’t

will- won’t would-wouldn’t shall- shan’t

may – may not might- might not should-shouldn’t

Simple and Phrasal modals

Simple modals are the single-word modals while phrasal modals (also known as

periphrastic modals) are phrases formed from a single verb group with another verb

that change the meaning of a verb

Simple modals Phrasal modals Express

Can, could Be able to Ability

Can, may Be allowed to Permission

May, might may be able to,

might be able to,

may be allowed to,

or might be allowed to

probability

Should Ought to , had better Advice

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Simple modals Phrasal modals Express

must be supposed to,

be obligated to,

be going to,

have to

have got to.

necessity or obligation

Forming Sentences Using Modals:

Both simple and phrasal modals follow the same formula in forming sentences:

SUBJECT + SIMPLE MODAL + BASE FORM OF THE VERB

Note: Examples following this formula are in italics.

Simple Modals Meaning/Use Example

Can To express ability

To request permission

I can speak a little Russian.

Can I open the window?

Could To describe an ability that

someone had in the past

I could dance when I was

young.

May To ask for formal permission

To suggest something that is

possible

May I talk to you in private?

She may agree with your

suggestion.

Must To express obligation

To express strong belief

I must go now.

She must be over 90 years old.

Might To suggest a smaller

possibility than may does

I might go see a dentist.

Will/Shall To suggest future time

reference

He shall call me tonight.

(more formal)

The train will leave at dawn

Would To request or offer

in if-sentences

If I were you, I would ask for

an advice.

Should To give advice You should quit smoking.

Phrasal (Periphrastic) Modals

SUBJECT + PHRASAL MODAL + BASE FORM OF THE VERB Note: Examples following this formula are in italics.

Phrasal Modals Meaning/Use Example be able to To express

ability

Example:

We are able to speak three languages.

I’m not able to drive a truck

be allowed to To express

permission

Example:

The manager said, he is allowed to

receive his bonus.

He isn’t

(He’s not) allowed to receive his bonus,

however.

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I wasn’t allowed to receive any bonus

last year. I wonder if we’ll be allowed to receive our

birthday bonus next year

may be able to,

might be able

to,

may be allowed

be allowed to

To express

probability

Example:

She may be able to come to the meeting

tomorrow. He might not be allowed to borrow money

next month.

Ought to ,

had better To imply an

advice

Example:

You ought to get your car checked. It’s

making loud brake noises.

You shouldn’t come. Come back later.

He had better pay his school fees.

He’d better not be anxious. supposed to be

obligated to

To express

obligation

or

necessity

I’m supposed to be in school at 7:00

every morning. I’m not supposed to

be there at 6:00 am, though.

Maria is obligated to send money to her

family in Pampanga every month.

She wasn’t obligated to send it last year,

though.

She will be obligated to send cards for

many years in the future, however.

We are going to walk for 3 miles in the

field.

Making questions with modals:

Study the given formula in forming a question and follow the format using modals.

Modal + subject +main verb Sentence: You could come early to my party.

1. Could + you + come Q: Could you come early to my party?

Wh-question+modal+subject+verb

WH- question +Could +you +come Q: When could you come early to my party?

Modal + subject +main verb Sentence: I have to dance.

2. Have to:

Do/does/did+subject+have to+ main

verb

Q: Do I have to dance?

WH-question+do/does/did+have to +

main verb

Q: When do I have to dance?

Modal + subject +main verb Sentence: We should practice tonight.

3. Should+ we +practice Q: Should we practice tonight?

WH-question+should+we+practice Q: Where should we practice tonight?

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What’s More

Choose the correct modal verb to complete the sentence under each

group of sentences. Sometimes more than one answer is correct. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

Exercise A: Can, Could, or Be Able To? Choose the correct modal verb to complete each sentence. 1. I don't think I will have much reading next week. I think I will _____________ take sometime off.

2. Excuse me, ______________ you tell me where the bus station is? 3. They haven't ______________ solve the problem yet. 4. She ______________ play the sax and the piano. 5. When we were younger, we ______________ hike with our boots on all

afternoon! Now we think it's boring.

Exercise B: Must, Might, or May? Complete the sentences with must, might, or may 1. Oh no, I think they _______________ be noisy! But I'm not sure.

2. They look just familiar! I am sure that car ______________ be his father’s. 3. That looks inviting, and I am so tempted! ______________ I have some? 4. He is resting very well! I think he ______________ win! 5. That looks like fun! ____________ we post some emojis with you?

Exercise C: Need to or Have To?

Complete the sentences with need to or have to.

1. Wow, my room is a mess! I really ______________ tidy it.! 2. Mom, do we ______________ wait all the exercises on the test? 3. The speaker said that he will ______________ announce it to the public over the radio.

4. If you want to stay in the park, you _____________ pay for a permit first. 5. I have waited too long! I _____________ take a break! Exercise D: Should, Ought to, or Had Better?

Complete the sentences with the correct modal verb. Sometimes more than one answer is correct. 1. Ace ____________ go inside, or he will get a terrible sunburn.

2. I think we ____________ rest. What do you think? 3. He _________ stop smoking, or he will make himself sick! 4. She has a sweet voice! She ____________ record a video! 5. His phone is ringing. I think he ____________ answer it.

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Exercise E: Will, Shall, and Would

There is a mistake in each of the sentences below. Correct the mistakes by adding the correct modal verb. 1. Incorrect: They shall have a meeting later. Correct: They _____________ have a meeting later.

2. Incorrect: If it were not raining, we will go for a walk. Correct: If it were not raining, we _____ go for a walk 3.Incorrect: I promise I would talk to you soon! Correct: I promise I _____________ talk to you back soon!

4. Incorrect: I think he shall pass his exam. Correct: I think he _____________ pass his test. 5. Incorrect: It's too bad I am so heavy! If I were lighter, I shall play sepak

takraw.

Correct: It's too bad I am so heavy! If I were lighter, I ____________ sepak takraw .

What I Have Learned

I have learned that modals ______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ I encountered difficulty/ies in ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ I have resolved the difficulty/ies by _______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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What I Can Do Directions: Form a statement or a question.

Make use of appropriate modals in your sentences.

Use a separate sheet for your answer. TASK 1. Giving Advice Based on the given pictures, give your advice using the modals should, ought to,

and had better in sentences.

You always have a free treat of doughnuts and chocolates from your friend.

Eating too much sweets can lead to diabetes. What is

your best advice for your self.

I should___________________________________________

Sasha works in a hospital as a nurse. She worries

a lot about her family in her everyday routine of

taking care of patients with COVID 19

What advice is best for her?

She ought to______________________________________

You have witnessed the closeness of your best friend

and her boyfriend. They plan to get married as soon as this

pandemic will be over. What is the best advice you can

give to your teenager friends?

They’d better_______________________________________

TASK 2 Asking Questions Politely

Given the following situations, how will you ask questions?

Use could, would, may in forming your sentences. Use a separate sheet for your

answer.

1. Your teacher invited you in their house. There is a tray of assorted chocolates

on the table. You wanted to ask for the Toblerone.

a. Would you ________________________________________________________________

b. May I ____________________________________________________________________

c. Could you ________________________________________________________________

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2. You and your mother went out window shopping. You see a pair of sneakers

on sale and it is just your size and color preference. You end up asking your mother

to buy it for you. How will you ask your mother?

a. Would you ____________________________________________________________

b. May I _________________________________________________________________

c. Could I _______________________________________________________________

TASK 3. Drawing conclusions

Picture-tell: What does each picture suggest?

Picture 1 Picture 2

Use the modals may, may be able to, might, must in forming your own

sentence examples. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

Picture 1.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Picture 2 .

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

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TASK 4. Predicting Outcomes

With the use of modals in sentences, form statements explaining about what will be

the outcome of the given situation.

After doing careful studies on discovering a vaccine

for a certain bacterial disease, you found out

one day that your research paid off. What will

happen next?

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

Your sister gained weight during this pandemic. She decided to regularly do her

after five exercises and limits the intake

of carbohydrates on her diet. Instead, a bowl

of cereals is always included in her meal plan.

After several months of discipline,

what can you expect?

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Trina had been absent from her classes

for days. She is so worried about her

grades in Calculus. She needed help from

her friends to catch up with the lessons

she missed. She decided to have a group

study with them. What will happen next?

_______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

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Assessment

Task 1. A

The heart and the lungs are two vital parts of the body. Protecting one’s heart and lungs are very essential even before the threat of this COVID 19 pandemic.

In this time of health crisis, everyone must take responsibility to fight the e spread of this disease.

Complete the given sentences with the appropriate details on how to protect one’s

body. Use must, should and can in completing the statements. Use a separate

sheet for your answer.

1. To keep a healthy body, one ____________________________________________.

2. To stop the spread of the disease, you __________________________________.

3. You ___________________________________________________________________.

4. If you have cough and colds, you _______________________________________.

5. I ______________________________________________________________________.

Task 1. B

Use appropriate pair of modals in forming your sentences.

List at least three(3) things you would do and you would not to do.

Use a separate sheet for your answer.

Example: I might drink root beer but would not jump out of a plane.

Can can’t

Be able to Not able to

Could Couldn’t

1. __________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________

Task 1. C Given the situations, give at least two (2) predictions using might and may

in your sentences. Use a separate sheet for your answer.

You saw your friend and her mother coming out from the corridor in the school. Your

friend is crying. What do you have in mind?

It might be _______________________________________________________________________

She may _________________________________________________________________________

Your mother went out to pick fresh flowers from your garden. When she came in you

noticed that she had her dress all wet. What do you think happened?

Mother might ____________________________________________________________________

She may _________________________________________________________________________

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Additional Activities

How can you be a responsible cellphone owner?

Write a brief composition about it. Observe the use of modals in your sentences.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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Answer Key

What Is It

1.May

2.Can

3.Could

4.Might

5.Must

What I know

1.a

2.b

3.b

4.b

5.b

6.c

7.c

8.c

9. b

10. b

What's In

A.

M O D A L S

B. 1.may

2.must

3.can

4.could

5.might

Assessment

Task 1. A

Answers may vary

Task 1. B

Answers may vary

Task 1. C

Answers may vary

What’s More

A. E. 1. be able to 1. will

2. could 2. would 3. been able 3. will

4. can 4. will

5. could 5. would B.

1. might/may 2. must

3. may

4. might/may 5. may

C.

1. need to 2. have to

3. will have to

4. have to

D. 1. had better

2. sought/ought to

3. had better 4. should

5. should/ought to

What I Can Do

Task 1

Answers may vary

Task 2

Answers may vary

Task 3

Answers may vary

Task 4

Answers may vary

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References

American English Learn English (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/august_teachers_corner_modals_

week_2.pdf AZ Lyrics (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/adele/rollinginthedeep.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/alessiacara/howfarillgo.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/arianagrande/problem.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/beyonceknowles/irreplaceable.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/idinamenzel/letitgo.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/ladyantebellum/needyounow.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/ladygaga/thecure.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/shawnmendes/treatyoubetter.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/stephenbishop/itmightbeyou.html

https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/taylorswift/delicate.html

British Council Lean English (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/modal-verbs

Cambridge Dictionary (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/modal-verbs-and-modality

Collins Dictionary (n.d.) Retrieved from:

https://grammar.collinsdictionary.com/grammar-pattern/phrasal-modals_1 Common Ground International (n.d.) Retrieved from:

https://commongroundinternational.com/learning-english/phrasal-modal-verbs-english-two-words/

Frankfurt International School (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/modal.htm

Gallaudet University (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.gallaudet.edu/tutorial-and-instructional-programs/english-center/grammar-and-vocabulary/verbs/modals-(can-might-should-etc)

Grammar (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-modals.php

Lessons for English (n.d.) Retrieved from:

https://lessonsforenglish.com/modals/perfect-tense-modals-and-example-sentences/ Really Learn English (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://store.really-learn-english.com/products/english-modal-verbs-series Talk English (n.d.) Retrieved from:

https://www.talkenglish.com/grammar/auxiliary-verbs-can-could-may-might-must.aspx University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Writing Center (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/modals/

University of Victoria English Language Center (n.d.) Retrieved from: https://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/courses/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-ability.htm