I Conditional:

gradi se: IF Simple Present, Future Tense

If I finish my homework, I will go to the cinema.

Ako je glavna rečenica na početku, posle nje se ne koristi zarez (ovo važi za sva tri tipa kondicionalnih rečenica):

I will go to the cinema if I finish my homework.

Upotrebljava se da se iskaže radnja koja će se IZVESNO odigrati, u onom trenutku kada bude ispunjen uslov iz IF rečenice.

IF se najčešće prevodi sa KADA:

If I finish my homework in time, I will go to the cinema.Kada uradim domaći, ićiću u bioskop.

II Conditional:

gradi se: IF Simple Past, WOULD + infinitive

If I finished my homework, I would go to the cinema.

Upotrebljava se da se iskaže radnja koja će se odigrati, u koliko bude ispunjen uslov iz IF rečenice (ako uslov ne bude ispunjen neće se odigrati).

IF se najčešće prevodi sa AKO:

If I finished my homework, I would go to the cinema.Ako budem uradila domaći, ićiću u bioskop.

III Conditional:

gradi se: IF Past Perfect, WOULD + HAVE + past participle (ili III kolona)

If I had finished my homework, I would have gone to the cinema.

Upotrebljava se da se iskaže radnja koja bi se odigrala u budućnosti, da je bio ispunjen uslov iz IF rečenice (međutim taj uslov neće biti ispunjen).

IF se najčešće prevodi sa DA:

If I had finished my homework, I would have gone to the cinema.Da sam uradila domaći, išla bih u bioskop.

Passive Voice:

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Pasivna pečenica se gradi od aktivne na sledeći način:- objekat iz aktivne rečenice postaje subjekat u pasivnoj,- glagol iz aktivne rečenice se prebacuje u pasivni oblik,- subjekat iz aktivne rečenice postaje objekat u pasivnoj (po potrebi). Ovo se radi u koliko je subjekat opšte poznat (npr. lično ime), tako što se ispred njega dodaje BY. U suprotnom objekat se u pasivnoj rečenici izostavlja.

aktiv: Mary is reading a book.

subjekat glagol objekat

pasiv: A book is being read by Mary.

subjekat glagol objekat

Glagol se iz aktivnog oblika pretvara u pasivni tako što se glagol TO BE stavi u vreme koje je bilo u aktivnoj rečenici, a glavni glagol se pretvori u Past Participle (ili III kolonu):

- Simple Present: make --> are/is made- Simple Present Continuous: are/is making --> are/is being made- Simple Past: made --> were/was made- Simple Past Continuous: were/was making --> were/was being made- Present Perfect: have/has made --> have/has been made- Present Perfect Cont.: have/has been making --> have/has being made- Past Perfect: had made --> had been made- Past Perfect Continuous: had been making --> had being made- Future: will make --> will be made

Simple Present Tense:

potvrdan oblik: infinitiv glagola + -S ili –ES u 3. licu jednine

1. I read We read2. You read You read3. He/She/It reads They read

odričan oblik: DO NOT/DOES NOT (DON’T/DOESN’T) + infinitiv glagola

1. I don’t read We don’t read2. You don’t read You don’t read3. He/She/It doesn’t read They don’t read

upitan obilk: DO/DOES + subjekat + infinitiv glagola

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1. Do I read? Do we read?2. Do you read? Do you read?3. Does he/she/it read? Do they read?

Koristi se za radnje koje su uobičajene (one koje se ponavljaju po ustaljenom redosledu), za apsolutnu istinu

Npr. I get up at 7 o’clock every day.The earth goes round the sun.

Sledeći glagoli se ne koriste u Simple Present Continuous-u, kao ni u kom drugom složenom vremenu (postoje neki izuzeci):

want, need, prefer, like , love, hate, belong, see, hear, know, realize, believe, suppose, mean, understand, remember, forget, seem, have (meaning ‘possess’), think (meaning ‘believe’).

Simple Present Continuous:

potvrdan oblik: present gl. TO BE + -ING oblik glagola

1. I am reading We are reading2. You are reading You are reading3. He/She/It is reading They are reading

odričan oblik: odričan oblik gl. TO BE + -ING oblik glagola

1. I am not reading We are not reading2. You are not reading You are not reading3. He/She/It is not reading They are not reading

upitan obilk: inverzijom pomoćnog glagola

1. Am I reading? Are we reading?2. Are you reading? Are you reading?3. Is he/she/it reading? Are they reading?

priloške odredbe: now, today, at the moment, at this moment koristi se da iskaže radnju koja se odigrava u trenutku govora ili u sadašnjem

trenutku (npr. u toku današnjeg dana), za iskazivanje nečeg što je promenjivog karaktera (npr. The population of the world is rising very fast.)

Simple Past Tense:

potvrdan oblik: nastavak – ED/D ili II kolona za nepravilne glagole

1. I worked We worked2. You worked You worked3. He/She/It worked They worked

odričan oblik: DID NOT (DIDN’T) + infinitiv glagola

1. I didn’t work We didn’t work2. You didn’t work You didn’t work

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3. He/She/It didn’t work They didn’t work

upitan obilk: DID + subjekat + infinitiv glagola

1. Did I work? Did we work?2. Did you work? Did you work?3. Did he/she/it work? Did they work?

priloške odredbe: yesterday, day before yesterday, last week (month, year...) koristi se za iskazivanje neke radnje koja se desila u prošlosti, za prepričavanje,

za iskazivanje nekih istorijskih činjenica

Simple Past Continuous:

potvrdan oblik: simple past gl. TO BE + -ING oblik glagola

1. I was reading We were reading2. You were reading You were reading3. He/She/It was reading They were reading

odričan oblik: odričan oblik gl. TO BE + -ING oblik glagola

1. I was not reading We were not reading2. You were not reading You were not reading3. He/She/It was not reading They were not reading

upitan obilk: inverzijom pomoćnog glagola

1. Was I reading? Were we reading?2. Were you reading? Were you reading?3. Was he/she/it reading? Were they reading?

koristi se da iskaže radnju (ili više radnji) koja je počela u prošlosti, ali se nije završila do trenutka govora; za radnju koja se dešavala u prošlosti kada ju je neka druga prošla radnja prekinula (ta druga radnja je u Simple Past-u)

Present Perfect Tense:

potvrdan oblik: HAVE/HAS + past participle glagola (-ED ili III kolona)

1. I have worked We have worked2. You have worked You have worked3. He/She/It has worked They have worked

odričan oblik: HAVE/HAS NOT (HAVEN’T/HASN’T) + past participle glagola (-ED ili

III kolona)1. I haven’t worked We haven’t worked2. You haven’t worked You haven’t worked3. He/She/It hasn’t worked They haven’t worked

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upitan obilk: HAVE/HAS + subjekat + past participle glagola (-ED ili III kolona)

1. Have I worked? Have we worked?2. Have you worked? Have you worked?3. Has he/she/it worked? Have they worked?

priloške odredbe: since, for, recently, lately, yet, just, already, always, ever, never

koristi se za iskazivanje neke radnje koja se desila u prošlosti, a čije posledice se osećaju u sadasnjosti (u trenutku govora); za radnju koja se nikada nije dogodila u prošlosti ili se nije desila počevši od nekog prošlog trenutka koji i dalje traje; često se koristi sa superlativom (npr. This is the most boring film I've ever seen.); uz izraz This is (It's) the first (second...) time... (npr. It's the first time Tom has been in hospital.)

Present Perfect Continuous:

potvrdan oblik: HAVE/HAS BEEN + -ING oblik glagola

1. I have been working We have been working2. You have been working You have been working3. He/She/It has been working They have been working

odričan oblik: HAVE/HAS NOT (HAVEN’T/HASN’T) BEEN + -ING oblik glagola

1. I haven’t been working We haven’t been working2. You haven’t been working You haven’t been working3. He/She/It hasn’t been working They haven’t been working

upitan obilk: HAVE/HAS + subjekat + BEEN + -ING oblik glagola

1. Have I been working? Have we been working?2. Have you been working? Have you been working?3. Has he/she/it been working? Have they been working?

priloške odredbe: since, for, recently, lately, yet, just, already, always, ever, never

koristi se za iskazivanje neke radnje koja se duže vreme odvijala u prošlosti, traje u trenutku govora i trajaće u budućnosti; kada hoćemo da kažemo koliko dugo se neka radnja odvijala u prošlosti; za radnju koja je počela u prošlosti, a njene posledice se osećaju u trenutku govora (npr. You are out fo breath. Have You been running?); za radnju koja se ponavljala tokom nekog perioda u prošlosti (npr. I've been playing tennis since I was five.)

Past Perfect Tense:

potvrdan oblik: HAD + past participle glagola (-ED ili III kolona)

1. I had worked We had worked2. You had worked You had worked

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3. He/She/It had worked They had worked

odričan oblik: HAD NOT (HADN’T) + past participle glagola (-ED ili III kolona)

1. I hadn’t worked We hadn’t worked2. You hadn’t worked You hadn’t worked3. He/She/It hadn’t worked They hadn’t worked

upitan obilk: HAD+ subjekat + past participle glagola (-ED ili III kolona)

1. Had I worked? Had we worked?2. Had you worked? Had you worked?3. Had he/she/it worked? Had they worked?

koristi se za iskazivanje prošle radnje, koja se desila pre neke druge prošle radnje (ta druga prošla radnja je obično iskazana u Simple Past-u)

Past Perfect Continuous:

potvrdan oblik: HAD BEEN + -ING oblik glagola

1. I had been working We had been working2. You had been working You had been working3. He/She/It had been working They had been working

odričan oblik: HAD NOT (HADN’T) BEEN + -ING oblik glagola

1. I hadn’t been working We hadn’t been working2. You hadn’t been working You hadn’t been working3. He/She/It hadn’t been working They hadn’t been working

upitan obilk: HAD + subjekat + BEEN + -ING oblik glagola

1. Had I been working? Had we been working?2. Had you been working? Had you been working?3. Had he/she/it been working? Had they been working?

koristi se za iskazivanje trajanja prošle radnje, koja je prekinuta nekom drugom prošlom radnjom (ta druga prošla radnja je obično iskazana u Simple Past-u)

Future Tense:

potvrdan oblik: WILL + infinitiv glagola

1. I will read We will read2. You will read You will read3. He/She/It will reads They will read

odričan oblik: WILL NOT (WON’T) + infinitiv glagola

1. I won’t read We won’t read

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2. You won’t read You won’t read3. He/She/It won’t read They won’t read

upitan obilk: WILL + subjekat + infinitiv glagola

1. Will I read? Will we read?2. Will you read? Will you read?3. Will he/she/it read? Will they read?

koristi se da bi se iskazalo da je nešto odlučeno u trenutku govora (npr. What would you like to drink? I’ll have lemonade, please.); kada se predviđaju budući događaji (You’ll pass the exam.); kada molimo da neko uradi nešto za nas ili umesto nas (npr. Will you shut the door, please?); kada nudimo da uradimo nekom nešto (npr. I’ll help you.); kada pristajemo, odbijamo ili obećavamo da ćemo da uradimo nešto.

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