England/Great Britain/The England/Great Britain/The United KingdomUnited Kingdom

monarchsmonarchs

HOUSE OF HOUSE OF PLANTAGENETPLANTAGENET

Edward I Edward I "Longshanks" r. "Longshanks" r. 1272-13071272-1307

used the in-fighting used the in-fighting among the Scottish among the Scottish nobles in order to nobles in order to dominate Scotlanddominate Scotland

Edward I's heir was his Edward I's heir was his son: Edward IIson: Edward II

Edward IIEdward II r. 1307-1327r. 1307-1327 seen as a weak ruler – seen as a weak ruler –

deposed and murdered by deposed and murdered by his wife's loverhis wife's lover

married Isabella (called married Isabella (called "The She Wolf" by the "The She Wolf" by the English) of France, English) of France, daughter of Philip IV of daughter of Philip IV of France – France – this union led to this union led to the claim by English the claim by English monarchs to the French monarchs to the French throne and the Hundred throne and the Hundred Years WarYears War

Edward II's heir was his Edward II's heir was his son: Edward IIIson: Edward III

Edward III r. 1327-1377Edward III r. 1327-1377 As grandson of Philip IV of France, As grandson of Philip IV of France,

Edward laid claim to the throne of Edward laid claim to the throne of France after the death of his uncle France after the death of his uncle Charles IV in 1328.Charles IV in 1328.

His claims to the French throne His claims to the French throne started the Hundred Years War.started the Hundred Years War.

Battle of Crecy 1346Battle of Crecy 1346 Peace of Bretigny 1360Peace of Bretigny 1360 Edward had thirteen children – Edward had thirteen children –

the eldest was Edward, The Black the eldest was Edward, The Black Prince, the Prince of Wales. When Prince, the Prince of Wales. When the Black Prince died suddenly in the Black Prince died suddenly in 1376, his son Richard became 1376, his son Richard became next in line to the throne.next in line to the throne.

Edward III's heir was his Edward III's heir was his grandson: Richard IIgrandson: Richard II

Richard II r. 1377-1399 abdicated – died Richard II r. 1377-1399 abdicated – died 14001400

Richard continued the Hundred Years War – Richard continued the Hundred Years War – but internal English politics kept the English but internal English politics kept the English involvement in France less than in the involvement in France less than in the previous reign.previous reign.

Richard was only ten years old when his Richard was only ten years old when his grandfather died. His many uncles and grandfather died. His many uncles and cousins sought favor and power as they tried cousins sought favor and power as they tried to flatter and/or manipulate the boy. Richard to flatter and/or manipulate the boy. Richard did grow to marry the daughter of the Holy did grow to marry the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor – but they had no children.Roman Emperor – but they had no children.

In 1381, the young king faced a rebellion of In 1381, the young king faced a rebellion of peasants led by Wat Tyler. The uprising was peasants led by Wat Tyler. The uprising was brutally put down – but must be seen as an brutally put down – but must be seen as an example of the problems caused by changing example of the problems caused by changing economics in the late Middle Ages.economics in the late Middle Ages.

Richard faced many crises and his rule Richard faced many crises and his rule created enemies within his own family and created enemies within his own family and Parliament. His cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, Parliament. His cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, the son of his uncle John of Gaunt, overthrew the son of his uncle John of Gaunt, overthrew Richard and forced him to abdicate. Richard Richard and forced him to abdicate. Richard later died, probably murdered through later died, probably murdered through starvation in Pontefract Castle.starvation in Pontefract Castle.

Richard II's heir: no children – throne taken Richard II's heir: no children – throne taken by his cousin Henry IV by his cousin Henry IV

HOUSE OF LANCASTERHOUSE OF LANCASTER Henry IV r. 1399-1413Henry IV r. 1399-1413 Best known as the usurper of Best known as the usurper of

his cousin Richard II. His his cousin Richard II. His coronation address was the coronation address was the first said in English, as first said in English, as opposed to French. This may opposed to French. This may be seen as the era when be seen as the era when English as a language, English as a language, literature, etc. developed literature, etc. developed beyond its French and Anglo-beyond its French and Anglo-Saxon roots. Henry IV's Saxon roots. Henry IV's father, John of Gaunt was the father, John of Gaunt was the patron of Geoffrey Chaucer.patron of Geoffrey Chaucer.

His heir was his son: Henry V His heir was his son: Henry V

Henry V r. 1413-1422Henry V r. 1413-1422 Henry re-invigorated the Hundred Henry re-invigorated the Hundred

Years War by alliances with the Years War by alliances with the Duke of Burgundy and decisive Duke of Burgundy and decisive victories over the French - the victories over the French - the Battle of Agincourt 1415 in Battle of Agincourt 1415 in particular. Henry achieved his particular. Henry achieved his ultimate aim with the Treaty of ultimate aim with the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. The Treaty of Troyes in 1420. The Treaty of Troyes disinherited the dauphin Troyes disinherited the dauphin and made Henry V of England – and made Henry V of England – heir to the French throne. Henry heir to the French throne. Henry V also married Katherine of Valois V also married Katherine of Valois – daughter of Charles VI – thus as – daughter of Charles VI – thus as king of France Henry V could king of France Henry V could claim the right through his claim the right through his ancestor Edward III and as son-in-ancestor Edward III and as son-in-law of Charles VI law of Charles VI

His heir was his son: Henry VIHis heir was his son: Henry VI

Henry VI r. 1422-1461 and 1470-1471Henry VI r. 1422-1461 and 1470-1471 Henry's reign is marked with failure. Under Henry's reign is marked with failure. Under

his reign the Hundred Years War ended with his reign the Hundred Years War ended with the English losing all of their gains except for the English losing all of their gains except for the port city of Calais on the English Channel.the port city of Calais on the English Channel.

A weak and probably mentally ill ruler, Henry A weak and probably mentally ill ruler, Henry was challenged by his cousin, Edward the was challenged by his cousin, Edward the Duke of York – a great-grandson of Edward III. Duke of York – a great-grandson of Edward III. The Lancaster side of the family fought to The Lancaster side of the family fought to maintain their right to the throne against the maintain their right to the throne against the York side of the family. As the Lancasters York side of the family. As the Lancasters used the red rose as a symbol and the Yorks used the red rose as a symbol and the Yorks used a white rose – the series of battles used a white rose – the series of battles between factions of the royal family are between factions of the royal family are known as the WARS OF THE ROSES.known as the WARS OF THE ROSES.

Henry was deposed by Edward in 1461. Henry was deposed by Edward in 1461. While Henry fled to France, Edward was While Henry fled to France, Edward was crowned EDWARD IV. For a few months, crowned EDWARD IV. For a few months, Henry reclaimed power in 1470-1471. Henry Henry reclaimed power in 1470-1471. Henry was imprisoned in the Tower of London in was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1471 where he was stabbed while at prayer.1471 where he was stabbed while at prayer.

His heir: Henry's heir and son was killed in His heir: Henry's heir and son was killed in battle in 1471. Henry VI's cousin Edward, battle in 1471. Henry VI's cousin Edward, Duke of York took the throne and was Duke of York took the throne and was crowned Edward IV.crowned Edward IV.

HOUSE OF YORKHOUSE OF YORK Edward IV r. 1461-1483Edward IV r. 1461-1483 Edward, Duke of York took the Edward, Duke of York took the

throne of England from his throne of England from his cousin Henry VI. He married cousin Henry VI. He married Elizabeth Woodville – the Elizabeth Woodville – the Woodville family was a family Woodville family was a family searching for political power.searching for political power.

While Edward fought his While Edward fought his Lancaster cousins, he also Lancaster cousins, he also fought his own brothers as fought his own brothers as they each vied for power. they each vied for power. Edward died leaving only Edward died leaving only young children at the mercy young children at the mercy of their conniving uncles – of their conniving uncles – especially Richard, Duke of especially Richard, Duke of Gloucester.Gloucester.

His heir: his son Edward V His heir: his son Edward V

Edward V r. 1483Edward V r. 1483 (no paintings survive)(no paintings survive) Edward was twelve years old when his Edward was twelve years old when his

father died. The nation had been torn father died. The nation had been torn apart by the Wars of the Roses. Many apart by the Wars of the Roses. Many feared what would happen to England feared what would happen to England with a child king. Edward's mother, with a child king. Edward's mother, Elizabeth Woodville, was forced to give Elizabeth Woodville, was forced to give Edward and his younger brother Henry Edward and his younger brother Henry to her brother-in-law Richard, Duke of to her brother-in-law Richard, Duke of Gloucester for Gloucester for "safe keeping.""safe keeping."

The two boys were taken to the Tower The two boys were taken to the Tower of London – "The Princes of the of London – "The Princes of the Tower." They disappeared in 1483 Tower." They disappeared in 1483 probably murdered – perhaps on probably murdered – perhaps on orders of their uncle Richard. In 1674, orders of their uncle Richard. In 1674, the skeletons of two children were the skeletons of two children were found buried under stairs in the Tower found buried under stairs in the Tower of London.of London.

His heir: had no heir – throne taken by His heir: had no heir – throne taken by uncle – Richard IIIuncle – Richard III

Richard III r. 1483-1485Richard III r. 1483-1485 Richard is viewed as one of Richard is viewed as one of

the villains in English history – the villains in English history – especially due to his portrayal especially due to his portrayal by Shakespeare in by Shakespeare in Richard IIIRichard III..

The Lancastrian cause was The Lancastrian cause was taken up by Henry Tudor. taken up by Henry Tudor. Richard was killed at the Richard was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field 1485. Battle of Bosworth Field 1485. This ended the Wars of the This ended the Wars of the Roses.Roses.

His heir: his son died in 1484 His heir: his son died in 1484 – making Henry Tudor's claim – making Henry Tudor's claim for Richard's throne even for Richard's throne even stronger. Richard was killed stronger. Richard was killed in battle and his cousin Henry in battle and his cousin Henry Tudor became Henry VIITudor became Henry VII

Henry VII r. 1485-1509 Henry VII r. 1485-1509 HOUSE OF TUDORHOUSE OF TUDOR

LancasterLancaster Battle of Bosworth Field Battle of Bosworth Field

14851485 Marriage to Elizabeth of Marriage to Elizabeth of

YorkYork Court of Star CamberCourt of Star Camber Elimination of rivalsElimination of rivals MiserlyMiserly Married son Arthur, Prince Married son Arthur, Prince

of Wales to Catherine of of Wales to Catherine of AragonAragon

Married daughter Margaret Married daughter Margaret to James IV of Scotlandto James IV of Scotland

Henry VIII r. 1509-1547Henry VIII r. 1509-1547 after papal bull – married Catherine of Aragonafter papal bull – married Catherine of Aragon War of the League of CambraiWar of the League of Cambrai Invaded France – Battle of the SpursInvaded France – Battle of the Spurs James IV allied with France attacked England James IV allied with France attacked England

– Battle of Flodden– Battle of Flodden Defender of the FaithDefender of the Faith Field of the Cloth of GoldField of the Cloth of Gold the King’s Great Matterthe King’s Great Matter Thomas, Cardinal WolseyThomas, Cardinal Wolsey Thomas MooreThomas Moore Thomas CranmerThomas Cranmer Thomas CromwellThomas Cromwell Bill of attainderBill of attainder Reformation ParliamentReformation Parliament Submission of the ClergySubmission of the Clergy Act of SupremacyAct of Supremacy Act of SuccessionAct of Succession Treasons ActTreasons Act Dissolution of the monasteriesDissolution of the monasteries Ten ArticlesTen Articles Six ArticlesSix Articles Pilgrimage of GracePilgrimage of Grace Hans HolbeinHans Holbein Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn Jane SeymourJane Seymour Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves Katherine HowardKatherine Howard Katherine ParrKatherine Parr Anglican/Church of EnglandAnglican/Church of England

Edward VII r. Edward VII r. 1547-15531547-1553

Book of Common Book of Common PrayerPrayer

Act of UniformityAct of Uniformity True ProtestantTrue Protestant

Lady Jane Grey Lady Jane Grey 15531553

Mary I r. 1553-Mary I r. 1553-15581558

Marian Exiles Marian Exiles Philip II – the Philip II – the

Spanish marriageSpanish marriage Stephen GardinerStephen Gardiner Thomas WyattThomas Wyatt Oxford MartyrsOxford Martyrs

Elizabeth I r. 1558-1603Elizabeth I r. 1558-1603 Elizabethan SettlementElizabethan Settlement Thomas SeymourThomas Seymour Edward Seymour – Lord ProtectorEdward Seymour – Lord Protector Wyatt RebellionWyatt Rebellion William CecilWilliam Cecil Robert DudleyRobert Dudley Christopher HattonChristopher Hatton Francis WalsinghamFrancis Walsingham Marriage questionMarriage question The NetherlandsThe Netherlands Mary, Queen of ScotsMary, Queen of Scots Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada Rising of the Northern EarlsRising of the Northern Earls Ridolfi PlotRidolfi Plot Throckmorton PlotThrockmorton Plot Babington PlotBabington Plot Earl of EssexEarl of Essex Hugh O’Neill, Earl of TyroneHugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone MonopoliesMonopolies Economic problemsEconomic problems Golden Speech 1601Golden Speech 1601 GlorianaGloriana

James I r. 1603-1625 James I r. 1603-1625 HOUSE OF STUART HOUSE OF STUART James VI of ScotlandJames VI of Scotland

A Trew Law of Free A Trew Law of Free MonarchiesMonarchies

Millenary PetitionMillenary Petition Guy Fawkes – Gun Guy Fawkes – Gun

Powder PlotPowder Plot Walter RaleighWalter Raleigh Spanish MarriageSpanish Marriage George Villiers, the George Villiers, the

Duke of BuckinghamDuke of Buckingham

Charles I r. 1625-1649Charles I r. 1625-1649 Henrietta MarieHenrietta Marie TonnageTonnage PoundagePoundage Ship moneyShip money Petition of RightPetition of Right Eleven years TyrannyEleven years Tyranny William LaudWilliam Laud KirkKirk PresbyterianPresbyterian EpiscopalEpiscopal Bishops’ WarsBishops’ Wars Short ParliamentShort Parliament Long ParliamentLong Parliament John PymJohn Pym Triennial ActsTriennial Acts Grand RemonstranceGrand Remonstrance Militia BillMilitia Bill English Civil WarEnglish Civil War CavaliersCavaliers RoundheadsRoundheads Battle of EdgehillBattle of Edgehill Battle of NasebyBattle of Naseby Battle of Marston MoorBattle of Marston Moor Battle of PrestonBattle of Preston RegicideRegicide LevelersLevelers

INTERREGNUMINTERREGNUMEnglish CommonwealthEnglish Commonwealth

Pride’s PurgePride’s PurgeRump ParliamentRump Parliament

ProtectorateProtectorateOliver Cromwell 1653-1658 Richard Cromwell r. 1658-1659Oliver Cromwell 1653-1658 Richard Cromwell r. 1658-1659

RESTORATIONRESTORATION Charles II r. 1660-1685Charles II r. 1660-1685 Merry MonarchMerry Monarch RestorationRestoration Convention ParliamentConvention Parliament Titus OatesTitus Oates Popish PlotPopish Plot Clarendon CodeClarendon Code Anglo-Dutch WarsAnglo-Dutch Wars Treaty of Dover 1670Treaty of Dover 1670 Declaration of IndulgenceDeclaration of Indulgence Exclusion CrisisExclusion Crisis Rye House Plot 1683Rye House Plot 1683 Whigs – anti-JamesWhigs – anti-James Great Plague of London 1665Great Plague of London 1665 Great Fire of London 1666Great Fire of London 1666 Christopher WrenChristopher Wren Duke of MonmouthDuke of Monmouth Test ActTest Act Earl of ShaftesburyEarl of Shaftesbury

James II r. 1685-James II r. 1685-16881688

Anne HydeAnne Hyde New NetherlandsNew Netherlands Test Act 1673Test Act 1673 Mary of ModenaMary of Modena Declaration of Declaration of

Indulgence 1687Indulgence 1687 Seven BishopsSeven Bishops Immortal SevenImmortal Seven Battle of the Boyne Battle of the Boyne

16901690

William III r. 1689-1702 and Mary II r. 1689-1694William III r. 1689-1702 and Mary II r. 1689-1694 OrangeOrange StadtholderStadtholder Glorious Revolution 1688Glorious Revolution 1688 Bill of RightsBill of Rights Louis XIVLouis XIV Declaration of Rights 1689 – James abandoned EnglandDeclaration of Rights 1689 – James abandoned England Act of Toleration 1689Act of Toleration 1689 JacobitesJacobites Massacre at GlencoeMassacre at Glencoe Battle of the BoyneBattle of the Boyne

Anne r. 1702-1714Anne r. 1702-1714 Act of Settlement Act of Settlement

17011701 Alien Act 1705Alien Act 1705 Act of Union 1707Act of Union 1707 ToryTory WhigWhig John Churchill, Duke of John Churchill, Duke of

MarlboroughMarlborough Battle of BlenheimBattle of Blenheim

George I r. 1714-George I r. 1714-1727 HOUSE OF 1727 HOUSE OF HANOVERHANOVER

Elizabeth of BohemiaElizabeth of Bohemia Sophia of HanoverSophia of Hanover Robert WalpoleRobert Walpole Septennial ActSeptennial Act South Sea CompanySouth Sea Company South Sea BubbleSouth Sea Bubble

George II r. 1727-George II r. 1727-17601760

HandelHandel Bonnie Prince CharlieBonnie Prince Charlie James Stuart, the Old James Stuart, the Old

PretenderPretender Battle of Culloden Battle of Culloden

17461746 Williams Pitt the ElderWilliams Pitt the Elder

George III r. George III r. 1760-18201760-1820

American American RevolutionRevolution

French Revolution-French Revolution-NapoleonNapoleon

Regency Act 1811Regency Act 1811

George IV r. George IV r. 1820-18301820-1830

Regency PeriodRegency Period Royal Marriage Act Royal Marriage Act

17721772

William IV r. 1830-William IV r. 1830-18371837

House of LordsHouse of Lords Reform Act 1832Reform Act 1832 George CanningGeorge Canning Arthur Wellesley, Duke Arthur Wellesley, Duke

of Wellingtonof Wellington Pocket boroughsPocket boroughs Rotten boroughsRotten boroughs Robert Peel – ToryRobert Peel – Tory Lord MelbourneLord Melbourne

Victoria r. 1837-1901Victoria r. 1837-1901 Grandmother of EuropeGrandmother of Europe Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Bed Chamber Crisis Bed Chamber Crisis Lord RussellLord Russell Lord PalmerstonLord Palmerston Prince AlbertPrince Albert Great Exhibition of 1851Great Exhibition of 1851 Crystal PalaceCrystal Palace William GladstoneWilliam Gladstone Benjamin DisraeliBenjamin Disraeli Boer WarBoer War Royal Titles Act 1876 - Royal Titles Act 1876 -

IndiaIndia

Edward VII r. Edward VII r. 1901-1910 1901-1910 HOUSE OF SAXE-HOUSE OF SAXE-COBURG GOTHACOBURG GOTHA

Uncle of EuropeUncle of Europe

George V r. George V r. 1910-1936 1910-1936 HOUSE OF HOUSE OF WINDSORWINDSOR

House of WindsorHouse of Windsor

Edward VIII r. Edward VIII r. 19361936

AbdicationAbdication married Wallis married Wallis

Warfield SimpsonWarfield Simpson Created Duke of Created Duke of

WindsorWindsor

George VI r. George VI r. 1936-19521936-1952

WWIIWWII

Elizabeth II r. Elizabeth II r. 1952-1952-

CommonwealthCommonwealth