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England Moves toward Representative Government
The Rights of Englishmen are Secured1600-1689
Setting the Stage1600
• Frequent Conflicts between Queen Elizabeth and Parliament:
• Elizabeth dies without a direct heir
Debt issuesWar with SpainReligion (Catholic v Protestants
Monarch clashes with Parliament
• ScotlandStuart FamilyCousin of ElizabethCatholic• Source of Conflicts:
James I (1603-1625)
-James believed in Divine Right-Limited rights of ordinary Englishman
(Protestants)
Monarch clashes with Parliament• ScotlandStuart FamilySon of JamesCatholic/Arrogant• Source of Conflicts:
Charles I (1625-1649)
-Divine Right/Money for wars-Tries to dissolve Parliament-Try to resist Parliament’s efforts to restrict his power
• Must have Cause to arrest citizens• Could not house soldiers
Charles is forced to Signed Petition of Rights
• Cannot tax without Parliament’s Consent
English Civil War
English Civil WarCavaliers or Royalists
Supporters of the King/Divine Right
Nobility/Wealthy
North and West
Catholic
Cavalry
English Civil WarRoundheads
-Supporters of Parliament
-Commoners/Middle Class-demanded rights
-South and East
-Puritan (Protestant)
-Foot Soldiers in New Model Army
Use p. 157Far Left Map: December 1642
Shade:Puritan Controlled Areas
Royalist/Cavalier Controlled Areas
Label:ScotlandIrelandEnglandLondon
Results of War1649
• Roundheads are victorious• Charles I was executed• Oliver Cromwell—leader of New Model Army
rules England for 10 years (1649-1659)-Lord Protector
-Strict Puritan Laws: outlawed…
-No Monarchy, but few rights http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4b0G_
auKCI&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Alcohol, gambling, theater
Restoration Period1660
• Cromwell Dies
• New Kings are restored:
• Habeas Corpus was provided:
• Conflicts return
Charles II JamesII1660-1685 1685-1688
Right to Fair Trial
James II tried to reestablishDivine right. Parliament successfully resists
Glorious or Bloodless Revolution1688
• James II was forced to step down• William and Mary are invited to the throne
• English Bill of Rights was adopted in
Netherland RoyaltyServe as Constitutional Monarchs
-Limits power of Monarch
-Free Speech and Religion
Parliament is Supreme
1689
No heir, rights yet to be decided
Believed in divine rightBelieved in divine right
Cause to arrest, no tax without consent
Support king
Support Parliament/commoners
Habeas CorpusParliament resists divine right
Constitutional Monarchs/Bill of Rights