England DividedParliament and the Monarchy Fight for Power

1485-1688

Objective SWBAT understand how the English Civil War and

the development of the commonwealth led to the Glorious Revolution

DO NOW: Tuesday 11/27/12 On the back of your notes, list the

PROS and CONS of an absolute monarch such as Louis XIV of France.

English Bill of Rights

Absolute Monarch

Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED

by Cromwell

Popular Ruler dies 1685

Abdicates in 1688

Constitutional

Government!

Map of The United Kingdom

The Tudors Rule England 1485-1603 Tudor monarchs Henry VIII & Elizabeth Control parliament tactfully Recognize & respect its role in government 1603 – Elizabeth dies, leaving throne to Stuart

cousin James VI of Scotland (James I of England)

Stuart King James I Rules 1603-1625 James I becomes King (son of Mary Queen of Scots) Mary was executed by Elizabeth, leaving James as the

closest relative to assume throne immediately clashes with parliament Scolds parliament for usurping royal power Parliament responds with a declaration of its own rights In the last parliament of his reign, King James gives in to

Parliament

Stuart King Charles I Rules 1625-1649 Charles dissolves Parliament when it tries to

expand powers to deal with an economic crisis Parliament act of 1628 produces the Petition of

Right (No taxes w/o consent, No jailing w/o legal justification)

Later Parliament clashes with Charles over what they think are violations of the document

Charles dissolves Parliament again

The Long Parliament Meets

1640-1653 Faced with economic problems and an invasion by

Scotland, Charles is forced to call Parliament The Long Parliament (as it is known) works to

steadily expand its powers Eventually Charles strikes back Motto: “Give Caesar his due”

The English Civil War Rages

War breaks out between Parliament’s Roundheads and Charles I’s Cavaliers

The parliamentary forces, led by Oliver Cromwell, eventually win

1649: Charles I is executed

Exit Ticket Was the English Civil War successful? WHY or WHY

NOT? EXPLAIN!

“Why Did Parliament Win the Civil War?”

Read the background information and answer corresponding questions

The English Commonwealth Parliament abolishes the monarchy and

House of Lords Parliament rules as a commonwealth Cromwell is leader Problems plague the nation – Cromwell is

a military leader Commonwealth falls apart upon

Cromwell’s death in 1658 Groups who favor a monarchy gain power

The Monarchy is Restored 1660-1685 Charles II works with Parliament to repair the

shattered nation Eventually clashes with Parliament when he

works to restore Catholicism 1678: Charles dissolves Parliament and builds

the monarchy’s power His successor, James II, continues to push for

Catholic power and incites a backlash PRODUCES MALE HEIR **CATHOLIC**

The Glorious Revolution William and Mary (James II’s Protestant

daughter) are asked to become England’s monarchs

1688 King James II, wife & child flee to France

Assures Parliament’s power William & Mary had to agree to very

limited powers under Parliament’s domination

1689: Signed the English Bill of Rights

The English Bill of Rights Ensured the superiority of Parliament

over the monarchy Required the monarch to summon

Parliament regularly and gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” – control over spending

King or Queen could no longer interfere with parliamentary debates or suspend laws

Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne

The English Bill of Rights Also restated the traditional rights of

English citizens Trial by jury Abolished excessive fines Cruel and unjust punishment Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus

No person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime

Toleration Act 1689 Granted limited religious freedom to

Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters BUT only members of the Church of

England could hold public office Catholics were not allowed any

religious freedoms

timeline

English Bill of Rights

Absolute Monarch

Absolute Monarch = EXECUTED

by Cromwell

Popular Ruler dies 1685

Abdicates in 1688

Wrap Up

Why was the “Age of Absolutism” 1550-1800 such a chaotic time in European history?

Consider: Elizabeth, Philip II, Louis XIV, English Civil War, Glorious Revolution, and Constitutional Government

Exit Ticket: Wednesday 11/28/12 Why was Thomas Hobbes such a strong supporter

of an Absolute Ruler? What was the Petition of Right? What was the result of the English Civil War? What was the Commonwealth? Who led the

Commonwealth?

The English Bill of Rights Primary Source