Valila, Mary Grace Catherine I. November 20, 2015BS ECE 3B

Homework in ES 643; Engineering ManagementSubmitted to: Maam Glenda C. Morales

1. Innovations in Engineering

a. Fire (400,000 BCE) The controlled use of fire was an invention in the early Stone Age, with some of the earliest evidence dating back to hundreds of thousands of years ago. Its not exactly certain when fire was first being used by humans, but most research puts it somewhere between 200,000 and 600,000 years ago.

b. The Ship (4000 BCE) Around 4,000 BCE, the ancient Egyptians were making wooden sailboats and around 1200 BCE the Phoenicians and the Greeks began to make even bigger sailing ships. The advent of the ship was a huge step forward from humanity because it was one of the first forms of transport that enabled commerce to begin happening between different parts of the world.

c. The Wheel (3400 BCE) The next significant step in the history of innovation came with the creation of the wheel, sometime between 3300 and 3500 BCE We know this thanks to the discovery in southern Poland of the earliest known depiction of a wheeled vehicle on a clay pot.

d. Money (3000 BCE) The next critically important innovation that contributed to the development of a strong human civilization was money. Around 3000 BCE, the Sumerians were one of the first societies (if not the first) to begin using money to help the ease of commerce and exchanging of goods, replacing the barter system.

e. Iron, (3000 BCE) The whole science of metallurgy began around 4400 BCE when human civilizations began to use copper and silver, and soon thereafter we figured out how to merge copper and tin to form bronze. Around 3000 BCE we found an even stronger substance called iron, which gave rise to a new age of human history.

f. Paper (105) Moving into the common era (CE) calendar, we saw the creation of paper, which was first used by the Chinese in around the year 105. Around the sixteenth century, wood pulp paper became more widely used, replacing rag paper. With wood paper, knowledge could spread much more easily.

g. The Microscope (1592) The microscope was an extremely important invention that has led to the more recent breakthroughs in the understanding of nanotechnology and the understanding of atomic structure. Back in 1592, Dutch spectacle makers Zacharias and Hans, discovered that nearby objects appeared greatly enlarged when looking through a specially shaped lens, creating the first known microscope.

h. Electricity (1600) Going forward to 1600, English scientist William Gilbert coined the term electricity, which originated from the Greek word for amber. Later, in 1752, Ben Franklin showed that lightning and the spark from amber were one and the same substance: electricity.

i. The Telescope (1608) In 1608, Hans Lippershey created a convex lens and concave eyepiece that enabled the creation of the telescope. The next year, Galileo Galilei built on these early designs to create a much more powerful telescope that enabled us to truly see the heavens and understand our place in the universe.

j. The Engine (1712) The steam engine was first invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 building on the ideas on Denis Papin and Thomas Savery. Steam power was tremendously important to the development of seafaring navigation and to powering the machinery that drove the industrial revolution. The internal combustion engine followed, first made commercially successful by Etienne Lenoir in 1858.

k. The Telegraph (1809) In 1809, the first crude telegraph was invented in Bavaria by Samuel Soemmering, and in 1828 the first telegraph in the United States was invented by Harrison Dyer. It was, of course, Samuel Morse, creator of the Morse code, who invented the telegraph communication system that ended up succeeding commercially.

l. Semiconductors (1896) A semiconductor is simply material that has electrical conductivity due to flowing electrons. Today, silicon serves as the main component for most commercially produced semiconductors.

m. Penicillin (1896)In 1928 Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming re-discovered penicillin. Penicillin enabling doctors to fight bacterial infections, save lives, and cure syphilis, gangrene and tuberculosis.

n. The Radio (1897) The next great invention was the radio. In 1897, Nikolai Tesla applied for and received the first radio system patent after demonstrating it the year before at the Worlds Fair. Radio took advantage of the amazing invisible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit information through waves.

o. The Airplane, 1903 In 1903, we saw the invention of the airplane by the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, on the North Carolina coast with the first successful flight of a manned machine occurring on December 17.

p. Television, 1926 The creation of television happened in 1926, but there were many inventions that led up to it, including the discovery of the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873 by Willoughby Smith and the 1884 invention of the scanning disk by Paul Nipkow. It was John Logie Baird who created the first televised moving images in 1926. Ten years later, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) broadcast the first public television show.

q. DNA (1953) In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered DNA while working at Cambridge University. The duo suggested that the correct model for DNA structure was the double helix model and famously walked into a local pub and exclaimed, We have found the secret of life.

r. The Integrated Circuit (1959)In 1959, we saw the creation and discovery of the integrated circuit. Integrated circuits allow engineers to fit a lot more transistors, resistors, and capacitors in a smaller area. It was Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor, along with their teams, who created the first integrated circuits in 1959. All computers eventually ended up using integrated circuits, which later developed into microprocessors.

s. The Internet (1969) In 1969, we saw the creation of the early Internet, called the ARPANET, which was built by the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to connect researchers at different locations. The ARPANET delivered its first message on October 29, 1969 between UCLA and Stanford. The first message was simply the word log in. The message crashed the network and only the first two letters, L and O, made it through. But it took until 1991 for the creation of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) by Tim Berners-Lee, which enabled the creation of a web of hyperlink documents. The World Wide Web became a communication tool that formed a constantly updating record of human knowledge and expression. A year later, in 1992, researchers of the University of Illinois developed a browser that created a user-friendly way to view the World Wide Web.

t. Microprocessors (1971) In 1971, Ted Hoff of Intel created the microprocessor, which was an integrated circuit. It had all the functions of the computer or a central processing unit (CPU) on it, in a tiny space. The first chip was called the Intel 4004. It had 2300 transistors on it. The microprocessor led to the miniaturization and the creation of the PC industry in the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, which enables us to have a supercomputer in our pockets today, connected to the global Internetan amazingly important invention in human history that happened only a little more than four decades ago.

u. The Mobile Phone (1973) In 1973, Motorola launched the first handheld mobile phone. The first prototype weighed 2.5 pounds, offered 30 minutes of talk time, and featured a battery that took ten hours to recharge.

v. The Smartphone (2007) On January 9, 2007, the iPhone launched, the first widely available smartphone with multi-touch capabilities (the ability to detect two fingers at once, enabling more complex user interactions such as pinch-to-zoom). The lowly telephone had turned into a cloud-connected smartphone with built-in GPS, compass, voice recorder, camera, maps, and web browser with an app store that allowed the user to download from a selection of millions of specialty applications. The multitouch smartphone paved the way for the tablet and the coming convergence of the laptop/tablet/and smartphone and new hybrids such as cloud-connected glasses and smartwatches. A world with smartphones with sufficient processing power and memory to be used as full-featured computers connected via docking stations to flexible frame monitors with hand gesture inputs and a projected keypad was soon approaching.

w. The Quantum Computer (2011)

The last step in our brief history of innovation is the quantum computer. In 2011, the first quantum computer was brought to market by D-wave. It was called the Dwave One. Quantum computers use superposition and entanglement to solve some computing problems thousands of times faster than traditional computers. In May 2013 Google announced it was purchasing a D-wave Two quantum computer to be hosted at the Quantum Artificial Research Lab at the NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA.

2. Qualifications of an Engineer Manager

3. What is a Engineering Management

Engineering Management is a specialized form of management that is concerned with the application of engineering principles to business practice. Engineering management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving savvy of engineering and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities of management in order to oversee complex enterprises from conception to completion. Engineering Management programs typically include instruction in accounting, economics, finance, project management, systems engineering, mathematical modeling and optimization, management information systems, quality control & six sigma, operations research, human resources management, industrial psychology, safety and health.

Engineering Management is a specialized form of management that is required to successfully lead engineering or technical personnel and projects. The term can be used to describe either functional management or project management. Engineering managers typically require training and experience in both general management and the specific engineering disciplines that will be used by the engineering team to be managed. The successful engineering manager must have the skills necessary to coach, mentor and motivate technical professionals, which are often very different from those that are required for individuals in other fields.

4. Job opportunities and areas connected with Engineering

Science and TechnologyScientists use the technologies that engineers create (such as microscopes, monitors, and meters) to conduct their research. And when engineers start to design a new technology, they call on the knowledge of the natural world developed by scientists (for example, the law of gravity or how fluid flows). Engineering, science, and technology connect toand influenceeach other.

Teaching, academia and lecturingMany people are first attracted to engineering because they like applying science and using their problem-solving skills. Why not use your knowledge of these processes to help train others and turn young scientists into budding engineers? Teaching an engineeringrelated subject enables you to look at the creative aspects of engineering and help students to develop their own problem-solving skills. You can use real-world examples from your degree and any time spent in business to bring technical and scientific concepts to life. You will need some experience of working with children, enthusiasm for your subject, and strong communication skills.

LogisticsLogistics covers the physical movement of materials the transfer of raw materials to manufacturing facilities or the distribution of products to customers as well as all the planning and financial transactions involved in these operations. The aim is to move things around at the lowest possible cost. It covers processing and tracking orders, working with planning departments to check availability of products, forecasting to meet changes in the market, and dealing with contracted services such as shipping.

Medical Technology Engineers can work in the field of Medicine such as the innovations and inventions of 3D Printers that helps to replace valves of the heart. They can also participate in research to cure diseases with the help of technology. Engineers also play a big part in diagnosis of a patients disease with modern instrument such as the MRI, such technology can see through the patients body without the need of open surgery.

Senior ManagementThey can provide leadership in technical direction and technologies trend.

5. How does an Engineer Manager decide for his company

The process of making a decision, similar to cooking, transforms inputs into outputs. Decision making transforms information. The input information includes knowledge about physical phenomena, manufacturing processes, costs, customer requirements, regulations, and existing designs. Of course, theremay be uncertainties about this information. The output is new information: a description of a design or a plan. That is, engineering decision making transforms existing information into new information.

Thinking about the merits of the alternatives, the criteria used to evaluate them, and the uncertainties involved can help engineers articulate and record the rationale for their decisions, which can help them justify their decisions to their peers and superiors and avoid errors during future redesigns.

The following procedure can be used to organize the objectives that are relevant to a decision:

Brainstorm the things that matter, survey a broad cross-section of interested people to identify the concerns that they would like to see addressed, and consider the concerns and questions of the key stakeholders.

State each objective as a quantity that matters and a direction in which the stakeholders would like it to move (usually, more vs. less, although no change is the goal in some cases).

Separate the objectives into means objectives and fundamental objectives (the ends).

Create a fundamental objectives hierarchy by grouping similar fundamental objectives, and draw a means-objective network to show why the means objectives are important.

Test the usefulness of the objectives, which should be complete, controllable,concise, measurable, and understandable