Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Engineering Academic Collaborations Malcolm Skingle CBE PhD
IoB Launch Event, QML
8th October 2015
Talk Plan
• GSK Global Collaborations programme
- Scale
- Process for initiating new collaborations
• Innovation examples involving engineering:
- Bioelectronics
- Working with equipment manufacturers
- Working with other funding agencies & sectors
• Concluding remarks
Who we are
Pharmaceuticals
Develop and make medicines
to treat a range of conditions
including respiratory diseases
and HIV/AIDS
Vaccines
Research and make vaccines
for children and adults that
protect against infectious
diseases
Consumer Healthcare
Categories include: Wellness,
Skin health, Oral health and
Nutrition
4
4bn packs of medicines
in 2014
800m
doses of vaccines
in 2014
18bn packs of consumer healthcare
products in 2013
84 Manufacturing facilities in 36 countries in 2014
Major research
and development
facilities in
3 continents
More than 100,000 employees
Source: “About us,” gsk.com, accessed 18 May 2015
Accelerating innovation through collaboration
30 Internal Discovery Performance Units
External innovation engines are those collaborations that are greater than £10m in value and are focused on assets that are currently pre-POC. The
collaborations include in-licenses, option arrangements and technology arrangements focused on producing new molecules.
MD Anderson
Cancer Center
IMI (consortium)
As of 26 May 2015
40 External innovation engines
Areas of interest for future collaboration
Dermatology Immuno-oncology
Cell & Gene Therapy Inflammatory Diseases
Neurodegeneration
HIV & Infectious
Diseases Respiratory
Bioelectronics Metabolic & CV Diseases Platform Technology
GSK – UK Academic Research Partners
Birmingham Cambridge
Southampton
Edinburgh Glasgow
Cardiff
Dundee
Sheffield
Leicester
GSK currently has >500
active research collaborations
ongoing with UK Universities.
Two way exchange of knowledge &
technology
Newcastle
Durham
Leeds
Ulster
Belfast
York Hull
Nottingham Loughborough
Warwick
Manchester Liverpool
Buckingham Oxford Reading
Hertfordshire Essex
Canterbury
Brighton Portsmouth
Surrey Bristol
Exeter
Bath
Lancaster Bradford
Cranfield Ipswich
Country No.
Austria 1
Belgium 4
Denmark 4
France 16
Germany 21
Greece 1
Ireland 10
Italy 4
Netherlands 4
Norway 2
Spain 4
Sweden 4
Switzerland 15
EUROPEAN ACTIVE AGREEMENTS BY COUNTRY
Spain
Portugal
UK
Iceland
Ireland
Germany
France
Switzerland
Italy
Austria
Belgium
Holland
Norway
Sweden
Denmark
Lux
Poland
Czech R.
Hungary
Slovenia Croatia
Corsica
Sardinia
Sicily
Bosnia & Herz
Slovakia
Serbia
Albania
Greece
Macedonia
Bulgaria
Romania
Ukraine
Belarus Russia
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Finland
Russia
Moldova
Turkey
Crete
GSK Agreements by State
IO
AL
IN 5
GA
NY (15)
NC (13)
MD (6)
PA (18)
MA (30)
CA (13)
MI
TX (6)
CO
WA(13)
MO (3)
IL (5)
FL(2)
NJ(2)
VA DE
1 Agreement
CT(3)
April 2013-June 2015 (RCAs and Licenses)
5-9 Agreements
2-4 Agreements
More than 15 Agreements
10-13 Agreements
OH (10)
Massachusetts MA(30)
Pennsylvania PA(18)
New York NY(15)
North Carolina NC(13
California CA (13)
Washington WA13
Ohio OH10
Maryland MD(6)
Texas TX (6)
Illinois IL5
Indiana IN5
Connecticut CT3
Missouri MO3
OKLAHOMA OK3
TENNESSEE TN3
Florida FL2
GEORGIA GA2
NEW JERSEY NY2
Alabama AL1
Colorado CO1
IOWA IO1
Michigan MI1
Virginia VA1
TN(3)
OK3
Top 15 companies by REF analysis and
collaboration data
Top 40 companies ( 15/40
Pharma)
MRC Collaborations reported through Researchfish
420 Other On-going Collaborations
Why Collaborate ?
Share risks & rewards
Harness other sources of funding
Access knowledge & new thinking
Build global links
Networking
Recruitment
Think longer term
Criteria for selection of collaborative projects
Strategic fit to GSK research
Quality of science in the proposal
Availability of facilities and resources
High likelihood of useful new information or
technology arising
Timing with respect to deliverables
Value for money
Process for Internal Approval of Research Collaborations
Industrial scientist discusses proposal with academic to identify areas of common interest
Assumes role of industrial champion & discusses project with Academic Liaison
Review project priorities with respect to resources & budget
Academic Liaison negotiate & implement agreement
Use standard agreements wherever possible
What does Industry want from Universities?
Access to ………..
Industry-friendly lateral thinking academics
Know-how
Potential recruits
An awareness of developing technology
To address the big industry challenges…………
Critical mass of strategic thinking scientists
A multi-disciplinary approach to problem solving
Effective project management
Points for Academia to consider when choosing an Industrial Partner
Is the industrial scientist likely to make a significant
intellectual contribution to the project?
Does the company have a good track record for
collaborations with academia?
Does the industrial scientist have access to knowledge or
technology which may contribute towards the aims of the
proposed research?
Is the industrial partner well placed to exploit intellectual
property arising from the collaboration in an efficient &
effective way?
Review scientific literature & company's web site & annual
report to provide useful information
D
R
A
F
T
-
N
O
T
F
O
R
E
X
T
E
R
N
A
L
V
I
E
W
Innovation examples
involving engineering in
GSK Collaborations
Bioelectronic medicines – the vision
19
Complementing molecular medicines with
electrical impulses
20
Image source::http://jn.physiology.org/content/jn/98/4/2244/F6.large.jpg; http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/62833/fphar-04-00103-r2/image_m/fphar-04-00103-g007.jpg
Healing Spark: Hack body electricity
to replace drugs
New Scientist Feb 2014
Stop popping Start zapping
Major types of medicines don’t do it alone – they tap into
nature’s control systems
21
Signalling control Neural control
Small molecules leverage
intra- and extra-cellular
signalling cascades
Immune control
Bioelectronic medicines
will leverage the nervous
system
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry); http://www.rndsystems.com/resources/images/6295.gif; http://www.empowher.com/media/reference/x-linked-
adrenoleukodystrophy
Vaccines and antibody
drugs leverage the
immune system
The nervous system lends itself to wide-reaching class of
precision medicines
22
Image source: Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th edition, Frank H Netter; Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition
vs
Objectives of GSK Bioelectronics R&D
1. Identify specific nerve circuits
that control or effect organ
dysfunction and diseases.
2. Understand these nerve circuits
and signals, and how they can
differ in healthy and diseased
states.
3. Develop implantable devices
(‘neural interfaces’) that can attach
to nerves and enable precision
recording/stimulation to influence,
and ultimately treat, disease state.
Anatomy
Physiology
Engineering
Visceral peripheral nerves reach a multitude of organs
implicated in chronic diseases
Bioelectronic Medicines 24
A broad body of activity during the last 2 years
• A research network (30-40 academic collaborators)
seeking pre-clinical proof of principles across a range of
chronic diseases, and visceral nerve interface designs
• Building of a research toolkit for visceral nerve
interrogation from rats to man, including the “Innovation
Challenge”
• Building in house capabilities (LAS Stevenage)
• Venture funding to nurture start-ups with early
manifestations of bioelectronic medicines and enabling
technologies
• Engagement with the broader ecosystem of public and
private parties to support foundational research and effective
translation (NIH, DARPA, Welcome Trust, EPSRC)
25
Exploratory research
Pre-clinical discovery
Experimental medicine
Therapeutic development
Interfaces to the nerve will be key to success
Bioelectronic Medicines 26
Biocompatible
Functional
Novel
• Softening
• Conformational
• Biological
• Functional
separation
• High-density
• Embedded probes
• Optogenetics
• Nanoparticles
• Electrical impedance
tomography (EIT)
Image sources: Reeder et al, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4967–4973; Chew et al, Sci Transl Med 5, 210ra155 (2013); Flytzanis et al, Nat Commun. 2014 Sep 15;5:4894
2 mm
grain
of rice
Figure 1: Image of a fullywireless, cellular-scale LEDsystem for optogenetics,wrapped around a grain ofrice to illustrate its size andflexibility (left) and implantednear the sciatic nerve in amouse model (right).
Our device goal: specific, small and smart implants
Defining features
27
Why
• Selectively address one circuit that control one
function without side effects Specific
• Close the loop enables personally optimised and
adaptive treatment Smart
• Facilitate broad access through minimally invasive,
safe, quick implantation Small
Today’s reference point are “metal can and leads” devices
28
Source:CVRx; SetPoint Medical; inspiresleep.com; N Engl J Med 2014;370:139-49; http://www.bariatricnews.net/?q=news/11179/vbloc-therapy-new-dawn
However, miniaturisation is starting
29
Low-power, miniaturised components from consumer
electronics can accelerate this further
30
Source: Apple; http://www.smartdatacollective.com/sites/smartdatacollective.com/files/IoT%202.png
The pre-clinical and clinical evidence is emerging
Source: New York Times, May 23, 2014; Koopman, F. A. et al. Arthritis Rheum. 64 (suppl.), abstr. 451 (2012).
DAS28 in 8 RA patients that had failed on methotrexate after
vagus nerve stimulation
Acetylcholine signalling in Ach in splenic nerve induces phenotypic changes in macrophages & monocytes =
decreased sensitivity to pro-inflammatory signals
Global Summit seeks to bring together research leaders from multiple key disciplines
3
CRACK IT Solutions – connecting technology
developers with new partners, users and markets
World Health Statistics, 2009
Smoking in China
Men Women
67%
4%
%
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
350 million smokers
GSK Sponsor 3Rs Prize
Mouse mini-livers from adult mouse stem cells
Meritxell Hutch, Gurdon Institute
Working with instrument manufacturers
• High spatial resolution
– to study compound distribution in organelles
– Initially ca 200 nm & ultimately ca. 50 nm
• High mass resolution
– identify drug and metabolites (study metabolic degradation of compound)
– identify endogenous molecules
• Ability to maintain tissue & cellular morphology
– Cryostage?
– Freeze fracture?
– Study structural changes in cell
• High resolution optical system
– Locating cell types in tissue section
– Determining precise location of ion image
Confidential Property of GlaxoSmithKline
3D nanoSIMS
World beating Label Free Molecular Imaging
• NPL - Prof Ian Gilmour
• GSK - Dr Andy West
• ION-TOF - mass spectrometers for imaging
• Thermo ScientificTM - OrbitrapTM mass analyzer for high-
performance identification of substances.
• University of Nottingham - Profs Morgan Alexander, Martyn
Davies & Clive Roberts
• University of Illinois at Chicago. - Luke Hanley
3D nanoSIMS – major new project
• Scan speed up to 18 Hz
• Resolving power up to
240,000 at m/z 200
• Sub ppm mass accuracy
New analyser
50 nm LMIS
Argon cluster beam
Designed for laser
post-ionisation
Press release Dec 2013
Thermo Scientific™
Q Exactive™ HF Orbitrap
mass spectrometer
£4.5m Strategic Capability Programme –
National Measurement System BIS
surface analysis (top) & depth profile (bottom) of
villus, 1.5 m spatial resolution
500 x 500 μm²
total
235.07 u
400 x 400 μm²
184.11 u
235.08 u
Phosphocholine head group
Compound specific fragment
Compound specific fragment
Sum of all ions in MS (TIC)
Epithelial cells
(enterocytes)
Lamina
Propria
Villus edge
Confidential Property of GlaxoSmithKline
Confidential Property of GlaxoSmithKline
View from above
Side view
Epithelial cell
Lamina Propria Enterocytes
GSK McLaren Collaboration (15th Sept 2011)
McLaren – dynamic learning culture based on self-
examination & attention to detail e.g. rapid design & prototyping to continuous monitoring of car &
performance
Brand-new state-of-the-art learning facility “the McLaren GSK
Centre for Applied Performance” next to McLaren Technology
Centre in Woking, Surrey (2013)
Advanced
Telemetry
Pre & Post
Race
Analysis
Design
Simulate/
Race
Real-time
Data Capture,
Management &
Visualisation
Why McLaren? Telemetry & data analytics expertise
Telemetry expertise:
500 sensors per car
Creating over 1100 channels at up to
1000Hz
1,400,000,000 DATA POINTS IN
RACE
...IN REAL TIME
What makes a Great Strategic Partnership
World-leading science
Regular & honest communication
An appreciation of each others capabilities
Trust – must have effective Chinese walls
Clear scientific programme setting out aims & objectives
Publications
Thanks for listening [email protected]
Our long-term vision is microscopic medicines that speak the electrical language of the body
Illustration of a future medicine selectively modulating the firing patterns in the carotid sinus nerve
GSK seeks step changes from today’s large neuro-stimulation devices both in biology and technology
To From
Large devices
affecting
neural tissue
with simple
waveforms
Miniaturised
devices
reading and
writing
naturalistic
signal
patterns
Targeting the
brain, spinal
cord, and
nerve trunks
with broad
effects
Targeting
small
“peripheral”
nerves that
are close to
and specific
to organs
Image sources: http://patients.dartmouth-hitchcock.org/pain_mgt/spinal_cord_stimulation.html; http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12274271; Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition
GSK seeks step changes from today’s large neuro-stimulation devices both in biology and technology
To From
Large devices
affecting
neural tissue
with simple
waveforms
Miniaturised
devices
reading and
writing
naturalistic
signal
patterns
Targeting the
brain, spinal
cord, and
nerve trunks
with broad
effects
Targeting
small
“peripheral”
nerves that
are close to
and specific
to organs
Image sources: http://patients.dartmouth-hitchcock.org/pain_mgt/spinal_cord_stimulation.html; http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12274271; Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition
The exploratory research projects GSK currently integrate focus on three CONVERGING areas
Biology –
Disease
spectrum
Neuroscience –
treatment code Neural engineering –
Peripheral neural
interface
Material science –
biocompatibility, energy and biosensors
Electronics–
low-power
circuits, data
transfer and
management
Neurosurgery –
Minimally invasive,
precision
procedures
2013-14 GSK research
investment focus
GSK’s three-pronged approach to activate the field of bioelectronic medicines research
1. Exploratory research in a network of 20 funded groups in academia and
small companies around the world (40 full time researchers)
2. Dedicated venture fund to support start-ups pursuing early manifestations
of bioelectronic medicines and enabling technology platforms ($50m)
3. Integration of a broader research community that lay the foundation for
bioelectronic medicines
1. Global summit with research leaders to set research roadmap
2. $1m innovation prize
3. Engagement with public and philanthropic funding bodies
1
2
3
Key Performance Indicators
People exchange in both directions
Reagent exchange
Access to technology platforms
Access to well phenotyped tissue
Amount of grant funding leveraged
Number of interactions between
consenting adults
Publications in top journals
Sharing science A selection of GSK Nature publications in 2012
Peripheral nerves at the centre of translation
51
While brain research is…
Therapeutic circuit tuning will start in the periphery
• Arguably the biggest scientific challenge of our time
• Critical for understanding most neural circuits
• A centre stage for innovative tool development
• Chronic diseases affecting billions
• Near-organ nerves lower level of complexity
• More reliable animal models of disease
• Objective clinical endpoints
• Potential for lower-risk surgery
Image source: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition
A broad body of activity at the onset of this journey
• A research network across a range of chronic
diseases, visceral nerve interfaces, and next-
generation device technologies and architectures
• Building of a neuromodulation toolkit for
visceral nerve interrogation from rats to man,
including the rapidly progressing “Innovation
Challenge”
• Venture funding to nurture start-ups with early
manifestations of bioelectronic medicines and
enabling technologies
• Engagement with the broader ecosystem of
public and private parties seeking to ensure
foundational research and effective translation
Bioelectronic Medicines
52