Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

Point of Contact : Doug Ingerson

Department of TransportationFederal Aviation Administration

WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440

Bldg 205Atlantic City Int'l Airport, NJ 08405 USA

tel: 609-485-4945fax: 609-485-7074

email: [email protected] page: www.fire.tc.faa.gov

International Aircraft Systems Fire Protection Working Group20-21Jun04 Grenoble, France

Federal Aviation Administration ~ WJ Hughes Technical CenterFire Safety Branch, AAR-440 ~ Atlantic City Int’l Airport, NJ 08405 USA

Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement

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PRESENTATION CONTENTS

OVERVIEW OF THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY

EXAMPLE OF MASS EQUIVALENCE

EXAMPLE OF GAS CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE

RESULTS TO DATE, TABULAR

RESULTS TO DATE, PARTIAL GRAPHICAL

CONCLUSORY STATEMENTS

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW

EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY

~ OVERVIEW ~

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY - OVERVIEW

TESTING OCCURS IN A FIXTURE CONTAINING SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ENGINE NACELLE ENVIRONMENT

THE EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY IS TWO-PART ESTABLISH A MASS EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN AGENTS BASED ON

FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE A H1301 BENCHMARK IS ESTABLISHED THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE QUANTITY IS CHANGED

UNTIL THE H1301 BENCHMARK IS MET OR EXCEEDED ESTABLISH A CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE BASED ON AGENT

DISTRIBUTION BEHAVIOR OF THE MASS EQUIVALENT GAS ANALYSIS IS USED TO CAPTURE PERFORMANCE TIES BACK TO FIRE EXTINCTION PERFORMANCE

PROCESS IS REPEATED IN 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS TO FIND THE LARGEST EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION (2 ventilation conditions x 2 fire threats)

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IMAGERY - TEST FIXTURE

STA 502

AIRFLOW

FWD

UP

TEST SECTION DIMENSIONS48 INCH OD SHELL24 INCH OD CORE~ 10.3 FEET LONG

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, MASS

EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART I

~ MASS EQUIVALENCE ~

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TEST FIXTURE VENTILATION IS SET TO 1 OF 2 POINTS THE OBJECT IS TO BRACKET SYSTEM BEHAVIOR HIGH VENTILATION (HiVent) ~ 2.2 LBM/S @ 100°F LOW VENTILATION (LoVent) ~ 1.0 LBM/S @ 260°F

H1301 CERTIFICATION IS KNOWN FOR BOTH CASES AGENT IS STORED AT 100°F AGENT DISCHARGE IS ~ 1 SECOND H1301 BENCHMARK (FIRE TESTING) IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH THE

APPLICABLE CERTIFICATION PROFILE H1301 DISTRIBUTION IS REASONABLY SYMMETRIC DISCHARGE IS NOT DIRECTED AT THE FIRE THREAT MINIMUM DISTANCE OF 5 FT SEPARATES AGENT INJECTION AND

THE FLAME FRONTS

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IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, SPRAY

9

11

8

1

75

3

6

1210

4

REGION OF FLAMEDURING FIRE TEST

FWD

UP

RIGHT3:00

UP12:00

ST

A 5

02

ST

A 5

27

2

DIMENSIONS AREIN FEET UNLESS

NOTED OTHERWISE

LOOKINGFWD

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IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, HiVent

Agent Concentration Profile~ Ventilation @ 2.2 lb/s @ 100°F ~

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Time (s)

Vol

umet

ric

Con

cent

rati

on~

Hal

on 1

301

~Ch# 11Ch# 09Ch# 08Ch# 04Ch# 01Ch# 07Ch# 05Ch# 02Ch# 10Ch# 12Ch# 06Ch# 03

1301 03 324 12 c

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IMAGERY – TYPICAL H1301 CERTIFICATION GRAPH, LoVent

Agent Concentration Profile~ Ventilation @ 1.0 lb/s@260°F ~

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

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8

9

10

11

12

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Time (s)

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ric

Con

cent

rati

on~

Hal

on 1

301

~Ch# 11Ch# 09Ch# 08Ch# 04Ch# 01Ch# 07Ch# 05Ch# 02Ch# 10Ch# 12Ch# 06Ch# 03

1301 03 506 16 c

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IMAGERY – SAMPLING PROBE LOCATIONS, POOL

9

11

8

1

7

2

3

6

1210

4

REGION OF FLAMEDURING FIRE TEST

FWD

UP

RIGHT3:00

UP12:00

ST

A 5

02

ST

A 5

27

5DIMENSIONS AREIN FEET UNLESS

NOTED OTHERWISE

LOOKINGFWD

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DEFINING THE H1301 BENCHMARK DETERMINED FOR EACH EQUIVALENCE ITERATION EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = “VENTILATION + FIRE THREAT” POOL FIRE THREAT – JP8

150°F @ 220 IN^2 x 0.5IN DEEP ELECTRICAL ARC REMAINS ON DURING AGENT INJECTION

SPRAY FIRE THREAT – JP8, LUBRICANT OR HYDRAULIC FLUID 150°F @ 0.25 GPM FUEL SPRAY & ELECTRICAL ARC REMAIN ON DURING AGENT

INJECTION FUEL SPRAY STRIKES HOT SURFACE DURING AGENT INJECTION

RESULT FROM 1 FIRE TEST = REIGNITION TIME DELAY (RTD) RTD = time (FIRE EXTINCTION) – time (FIRE REIGNITION) RTD IS ASSESSED FROM VIDEO RECORD OF EACH FIRE TEST H1301 BENCHMARK = AVERAGED RTDs FROM 5 REPEATED FIRE

TESTS = RTD_ave (H1301)

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IMAGERY - SPRAY FIRE ZONE

AIRFLOW

FWD

UP

FUEL NOZZLES

2” TALL FLAME

STABILIZATION

RIB

TUBE ARRAYCORE

S

TA

512

STA

502

ELECTRICAL ARC

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IMAGERY - POOL FIRE ZONE

STA

503

FWD

UP

AIRFLOW

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PROCESS SELECT CONDITIONS FROM 1 OF 4 EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS

HiVent, JP8 SPRAY OR POOL FIRE THREAT LoVent, LUBRICANT SPRAY OR JP8 POOL FIRE THREAT

ESTABLISH H1301 BENCHMARK WITH 5 REPEATED FIRE TESTS FIND EQUIVALENT MASS OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE

COMPARISION BASIS : AVERAGE RTD OF 5 REPEATED TESTS EQUIVALENCE DEFINED AS :

RTD_ave (H1301) RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) IF A SPRAY FIRE THREAT, USE EQUIVALENT MASS AND

VERIFY SUCCESS AGAINST OTHER FUELS HiVent VERIFICATION – LUBRICANT & HYDRAULIC FLUID LoVent VERIFICATION – JP8 REPEAT 3 TESTS FOR EACH FUEL SUCCESS DEFINED AS :

RTD_ave (EQUIVALENT MASS) RTD_ave (VERIFICATION)

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, CONCENTRATION

EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY, PART II

~ CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE ~

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TREATING THE VOLUMETRIC GAS CONCENTRATION AS THE PAREMETER FOR EQUIVALENCE (NOT CITING ANY MASS EQUIVALENCE!!)

REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE IS DELIVERED THROUGH NON-OPTIMIZED PLUMBING

SOME NON-OPTIMIZED QUANTITY OF THE REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WILL STILL ACHIEVE PARITY WITH H1301 BENCHMARK

CONCENTRATION EQUIVALENCE EVALUATED AT THE FLAME FRONT ONLY (2 CHANNELS PER TEST)!!

EQUIVALENT GAS CONCENTRATION IS BASED ON : CAPTURED GAS ANALYSIS DATA FIRE EXTINCTION BEHAVIOR

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PROCESS CAPTURE GAS DISTRIBUTION OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS WITH 3

REPEATED TESTS COLLECT THE 2 FLAME FRONT CURVES FOR EACH TEST TRANSFORM FLAME FRONT, GAS CONCENTRATION CURVES

CURVES ARE TYPICALLY CAPTURED TO ILLUSTRATE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH/DECAY (i.e. CERTIFICATION TEST)

TRANSFORM EACH CURVE TO CONCENTRATION vs. DURATION@CONCENTRATION

CREATE A SINGLE DATA POOL OF ALL POINTS FROM THE TRANSFORMED CURVES

MODEL THE DATA POOL WITH HIGHEST-ORDER POLYNOMIAL, BEST-FIT FUNCTION

RECALL AVERAGE RTD FROM REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE USE AVERAGE RTD OF THE EQUIVALENT MASS IN THE BEST-FIT

FUNCTION TO CALCULATE EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – EXAMPLE

EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY

~ EXAMPLE ~

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt I, EXAMPLE

MASS EQUIVALENCE EXAMPLE (actual data) EQUIVALENCE ITERATION = HiVent JP8 SPRAY FIRE H1301 BENCHMARK = RTD_ave (H1301) = 1.39 SECONDS

REPLACEMENT CANDIDATE WORK WITH HFC-125

EQUIVALENT MASS = 8.0 LBF HFC-125

RTD => RTD#01 RTD#02 RTD#03 RTD#04 RTD#05 AVERAGERESULT => 1.76 1.03 1.18 1.31 1.66 1.39

1 2 3 4 5 AVERAGE8.0 1.45 1.52 1.30 1.45 1.34 1.417.5 1.48 1.26 1.32 1.19 1.09 1.27

8.0 * 1.72 2.13 1.75 -- -- 1.878.0 ** 2.32 2.19 2.5 -- -- 2.34

* VERIFICATION TESTS AGAINST LUBRICANT** VERIFICATION TESTS AGAINST HYDRAULIC FLUID

RTDGUESSED WEIGHT OF HFC-125 (LBF)

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EQUIVALENCE METHODOLOGY – Pt II, EXAMPLE

EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION EXAMPLE THIS EXAMPLE IS BASED UPON DATA FOR THE

DISTRIBUTION OF 8.0 LBF HFC-125 RESTRICT DATA REVIEW TO THE 2 ANALYZER CHANNELS

LOCATED AT THE SPRAY FLAME FRONT CALCULATION FOLLOWS IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT FOR SIMPLICITY IN THIS EXAMPLE :

ONE PAIR OF ANALYZER TRACES ARE SHOWN (SINGLE TEST) DUE TO THE REDUCED SIZE OF THE DATA POOL, THE

CALCULATION FOR THIS EXAMPLE IS NOT THE REPORTED EQUIVALENT CONCENTRATION

PROTOCOL REQUIRES REPEATING 3 GAS DISTRIBUTION TESTS TO PRODUCE THE DATA POOL TO MAKE THIS CALCULATION

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Gas Analyzer Data Transformation

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0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Duration (seconds)Vol

umet

ric

Con

cent

rati

on, H

FC

-125

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

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16

18

20

76 77 78 79 80 81 82

Time (seconds) Ch# 01, transformed

Ch# 02, transformed

Ch# 01, data trace

Ch# 02, data trace

Best-fit function, 4th order

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Calculated Equivalent Concentration via Transformed Data

456789

1011121314151617181920

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Duration (seconds)Vol

umet

ric

Con

cent

rati

on, H

FC

-125

Ch# 01, transformed

Ch# 02, transformed

RTD_ave, equivalent mass

Best-fit function, 4th orderEQUIVALENTCONCENTRATIONIS CALCULATED

AS 16.8%v/v ILLUSTRATION ONLY

~ EQUIVALENCE NOT VALID ~

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RESULTS TO DATE

RESULTS TO DATE

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RESULTS TO DATE - TABULAR

AgentVentilation

configurationFire Threat

Equivalent Concentration (%v/v)

HFC-125

highJP8 spray 16.9

JP8 pool 9.6

lowOIL spray 15.8 (a)

JP8 pool incomplete

CF3Ihigh

JP8 spray 5.8

JP8 pool incomplete

low OIL spray 7.2 (a, b)

JP8 pool incomplete

(a) Bracketing method used to find mass equivalent

(b) Partial result, JP8 verification not completed as of June 2004

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RESULTS TO DATE – TRANSFORMED DATA, HiVent EQUIVALENTS

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0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50

Duration (s)

Vol

umet

ric

Con

cent

rati

on, %

v/v

H1301 Certification, spray (3.6 lbf)

16.9% v/v HFC-125, JP8 spray (8.0 lbf)

5.8% v/v CF3I, JP8 spray (4.5 lbf)

H1301 Certification, POOL (3.6 lbf)

9.6% v/v HFC-125, JP8 POOL (5.5 lbf)

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SUMMARY/STATUS

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CURRENTLY WORKING HFC-125 IN THE LoVent JP8 POOL

REMAINING CF3I EQUIVALENCE ITERATIONS WILL FOLLOW

UPON COMPLETING HFC-125/CF3I ITERATIONS, PROJECT CONCLUDES

Documents

Engine Nacelle Halon Replacement