22
Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites Shu Liu This article examines current academic library Web site practices and recommends a conceptual model for future academic library Web site design. The author investigated 111 ARL member library Web sites and has summarized current site content, design patterns, and innovative features. The author discusses the Web 2.0 principles as defined by Tim O’Reilly and reviews the current literature on Web 2.0 implications for library Web services. The author proposes making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommends a conceptual model to inform future academic library Web site design based on the investigation and the discussion. Future academic library Web sites might feature any of the following: 1) user focus, 2) personalization, 3) user engagement, 4) online communities, and 5) remixability. cademic library Web sites are libraries’ virtual presenta- tion to the world. Beyond providing information about libraries and library services, academic library Web sites provide access to online catalogs, electronic databases, subject resources, library instruction/tu- torials, and digital collections. In align- ment with each institution’s mission, academic library Web sites are gateways to information that supports faculty and student research and educational needs. Currently, most academic library Web sites are inventories and access points for such information. As the massive growth of Internet resources and new searching and sharing tools such as Google, Ama- zon, eBay, uTube, Flickr, del.icio.us, and MySpace give users more power, ease, and fun in information seeking, academic library Web sites face stiff competition in the area of user preferences, despite the fact that academic library Web sites pro- vide considerably higher quality and bet- ter scholarly information. As Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis point out, “Academic libraries are at a turning point.” 1 Chuck Thomas and Robert H. McDonald state, “Libraries are facing a new generation of online users who are technologically savvy and integrate information access and use in all spheres of their lives to an unprecedented degree. They approach the traditional library with certain expec- tation that may conflict with the existing services, policies, and values of the library as information broker.” 2 Thomas Frey, a senior futurist at the DaVinci Institute, argues, “… the library of the future will need to be designed to accommodate the changing needs of its constituency.” 3 “Web 2.0” was introduced to the library world a couple of years ago. The concept Shu Liu is Digital Content Librarian in the Libraries at Colorado State University; e-mail: shu. [email protected]. 6

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Page 1: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

Engaging Users The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

Shu Liu

This article examines current academic library Web site practices and recommends a conceptual model for future academic library Web site design The author investigated 111 ARL member library Web sites and has summarized current site content design patterns and innovative features The author discusses the Web 20 principles as defined by Tim OrsquoReilly and reviews the current literature on Web 20 implications for library Web services The author proposes making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommends a conceptual model to inform future academic library Web site design based on the investigation and the discussion Future academic library Web sites might feature any of the following 1) user focus 2) personalization 3) user engagement 4) online communities and 5) remixability

cademic library Web sites are librariesrsquo virtual presenta-tion to the world Beyond providing information about libraries and library services

academic library Web sites provide access to online catalogs electronic databases subject resources library instructiontu-torials and digital collections In align-ment with each institutionrsquos mission academic library Web sites are gateways to information that supports faculty and student research and educational needs Currently most academic library Web sites are inventories and access points for such information As the massive growth of Internet resources and new searching and sharing tools such as Google Ama-zon eBay uTube Flickr delicious and MySpace give users more power ease and fun in information seeking academic library Web sites face stiff competition in

the area of user preferences despite the fact that academic library Web sites pro-vide considerably higher quality and bet-ter scholarly information As Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis point out ldquoAcademic libraries are at a turning pointrdquo1 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald state ldquoLibraries are facing a new generation of online users who are technologically savvy and integrate information access and use in all spheres of their lives to an unprecedented degree They approach the traditional library with certain expec-tation that may conflict with the existing services policies and values of the library as information brokerrdquo2 Thomas Frey a senior futurist at the DaVinci Institute argues ldquohellip the library of the future will need to be designed to accommodate the changing needs of its constituencyrdquo3

ldquoWeb 20rdquo was introduced to the library world a couple of years ago The concept

Shu Liu is Digital Content Librarian in the Libraries at Colorado State University e-mail shu liucolostateedu

6

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 7

of Web 20 began with a conference brainstorming session between OrsquoReilly Media and MediaLive International in 2004 According to Tim OrsquoReilly Web 20 is a set of key principles demonstrating successful features of a new era of Inter-net companiesapplications These key principles include4

bull the Web as platform bull harnessing collective intelligence bull data is the next Intel inside (ldquoIntelrdquo

is used here as a metaphor to emphasize the importance of data)

bull end of the so ware release cycle bull lightweight programming models bull so ware above the level of a single

device bull rich user experiences OrsquoReilly himself later provided a

compact definition of Web 20 stating ldquoWeb 20 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform and an a empt to understand the rules for success on that new platform Chief among those rules is this Build applications that harness network effects to get be er the more people use themrdquo5

In this article I make recommenda-tions for future academic library Web site design inspired by the Web 20 key principles particularly the Web as plat-form harnessing collective intelligence lightweight programming models and rich user experiences These recommen-dations include the following

bull provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface

bull build a virtual space that facilitates rich user experiences

bull engage users and encourage collec-tive intelligence

bull support content sharing and nur-ture online communities

By implementing these recommenda-tions academic library Web sites will streamline and enrich usersrsquo experiences in interacting with and utilizing infor-mation throughout their learning and research activities and will keep up with rapid changes in user behaviors I used

the following methodology to arrive at these recommendations I chose to inves-tigate the Web sites of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members6 to discover the current state of academic library Web sites ARL members are a well-defined set of academic libraries and include my own institution Colorado State University Libraries My discoveries have been documented in an appendix and I will summarize current content design pa erns and innovative features of those Web sites in this paper I will then discuss the key principles as defined by Tim OrsquoReilly and review the current lit-erature on Web 20 implications for library Web services Based on my investigation and discussion I will provide a con-ceptual model echoing the above-listed recommendations to inform future Web site design for academic libraries

Current State of Academic Library Web Sites This investigation was limited to those ARL member Web sites specifically af-filiated with a college or university and provided in the English language the sample consisted of a total number of 111 ARL members This investigation focused on content and design pa erns and was in most cases limited to library homepages My discoveries are detailed in Appendix 1 Use of specific examples is not intended to be pejorative or critical of specific library Web pages in part or in whole rather the examples are used to provide comparison among the various pages and a certain amount of subjectiv-ity is therefore unavoidable

Detlor and Lewis previously evalu-ated 107 ARL member Web sites to assess and measure library Web site functionality in a quantitative manner They used a codebook derived from the published literature that was dedicated to the design and usability of library Web sites and other related electronic interfaces They made recommendations surrounding a central argument ldquoaca-demic libraries build robust library Web

8 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

sites to combat increasing competition from commercial servicesrdquo7 Although I acknowledge Detlor and Lewisrsquo findings and insights the investigation for this paper differs from theirs in approach and comprehensiveness I used a snapshot of current academic library homepagesrsquo content and design as a basis for my recommendations A summary of the investigation appears below in the cat-egories of content design pa erns and innovative features

Content The following major content elements were identified on the library homep-ages

bull searchfind resources by format bull resources by subjectsubject

guides bull research assistancehow do Ihellip

help bull about (library)library informa-

tion bull library services bull search site andor site AndashZ bull ask a librarianask us bull newsannouncementsevents bull contact ussuggestions The following content elements were

less common but frequently appeared bull library account(s) bull digital collectionsWeb exhibits bull portals by user types such as stu-

dents faculty staff alumni friends and visitors

In general the homepage content is focused on and arranged according to library functions resources and services Online library information and resources are vast and comprehensive requir-ing multiple searching and browsing pathways Content typically follows a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach and there are few customization features and few opportunities for users to create publish and exchange content

Design Patterns The following design pa erns appeared on the library homepages

bull columns by category bull horizontal sections by category bull mixed columns and horizontal sec-

tions bull four equally divided sections with

sidebar(s) bull mouse-over links with sidebar(s) Most library homepages have an over-

whelming amount of text and links Afew academic libraries are less text and link focused by employing a more graphical design8

Innovative Features About thirty libraries employed RSS (Re-ally Simple Syndication)9 for library news and events (see Appendix 2)

Four library Web sites provide per-sonalized library spaces named ldquoMy Libraryrdquo ldquoMy Personal Libraryrdquo or ldquoMy Search Spacerdquo aggregating into one spot access to library user accounts course re-serve materials library alerts databases citation tools andor search preferences results10 On nine library homepageslinks are provided to a university-level Web portal or centralized Web service11

Ten library homepages provide a ldquoGoogle Scholarrdquo search box or a direct link to search Google Scholar12 Two li-brary homepages also provide a link to search ldquoWindows Live Academicrdquo13

Live Chat as a reference communica-tion method appears on almost all library homepages The table below illustrates other unique and user-friendly innova-tive features

Web 20 Principles and Implications Some Web 20 transformations accord-ing to OrsquoReilly include the evolutions from Britannica Online to Wikipedia from personal Web sites to blogging from publishing to participation from content management systems to wikis from directories (taxonomy) to tagging (ldquofolksonomyrdquomdash general usersrsquo classifi-cations of Internet resources) and from stickiness (static Web pages manual update) to syndication (dynamic Web pages auto update)14

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 9

TABLE 1 Innovative Features Discovered from 111 Academic Library Web Sites

A Use of ldquoWeb 20rdquo Tools RSS for new library resources MIT U of Oklahoma U of Saskatchewan U

of Toronto York U Blogs Brigham Young U U of Minnesota North

Carolina State Temple Texas AampM Washing-ton U in St Louis

Wikis Colorado State (not linked from homepage) North Carolina State

Podcasts Arizona State (ldquoThe Library Channelrdquo) MIT (coming later) Ohio State

Personal BookmarksTagging U of Pennsylvania U of Saskatchewan B User Engagement ldquoRate this pagerdquo U of Toronto ldquoThe Library Video (created by stu-dents for students)rdquo

U of Virginia

ldquoWhat Students are Saying about LIBR1100 helliprdquo

Texas Tech

ldquoQuestion of the Weekrdquo Boston College C Homepage Customization ldquoCustomize this site for helliprdquo U of Connecticut D Aggregated Resources ldquoKnowledge Bankrdquo (IR model DSpace) Ohio State ldquoThe Teaching Libraryrdquo (for faculty and librarians to teach information literacy)

U of Tennessee

ldquoInfoTreerdquo (subject resources) Ohio U ldquoKnowledge Baserdquo (library information) U of Oklahoma ldquoLibrary Survival Guiderdquo (instructions) York U E Single Sign-on ldquoPassport Yorkrdquo York U F Recommending Information ldquoPopular Linksrdquo side bar U of Toronto ldquoTop 10 Databasesrdquo U of Wisconsin-Madison ldquoFeatured itemrdquo Vanderbilt U ldquoResource Spotlightrdquo Brown U ldquoFeatured Resourcesrdquo U at Buffalo (SUNY) U of California at Davis G Multimedia Library Virtual Tour Texas Tech U of Oklahoma Audio Tours Library Tutorial Videos Arizona State H Use of Familiar Format Library hours in a calendar Texas Tech

10 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 1 Transformation in the Relationship between Users and Information

Information + Users InformationUsers

Traditional relationship Web 20 relationship

As the ldquoreadwrite Web rdquo the ldquocollab-orative Webrdquo or the ldquoexpressive Webrdquo Web 20 is an ldquoorganicrdquo information en-vironment where user engagement adds value Web 20 tools ldquoset inclusive defaults for aggregating user data and building value as a side effect of ordinary use of the applicationrdquo15 The more users partici-pate the more value a service provides users connect with inspire help and improve one another through the servicersquos participation mechanisms the servicersquos user-generated content is then available over the network for reuse In the Web 20 era the relationship between users and information is transformed from stand-alone separate silos to mutually inclusive mutually reliant and reciprocal action-and-reaction entities The diagram below illustrates this point

The Web 20 culture also includes syndication of dynamic content and lightweight programservice models to create usable and exciting innovations called ldquomashupsrdquo Mashups challenge the imaginations of information designers and providers to create and deliver more usable tools and be er services over the Internet As OrsquoReilly states ldquothink syn-dication not coordinationrdquo ldquoinnovation [is] in assemblyrdquo16 Relating to recognition of the idea (or already a fact) that in the Web 20 era users and information are integrated I consider it legitimate to say ldquoWeb 20 = users + mashupsrdquo OrsquoReillyrsquos Web 20 application examples include Google eBay Amazon Wikipedia blog-

ging RSS delicious17 (a social bookmark-ing Web site) Flicker18 (a photo sharing Web site) iTunes19 (a digital media player by Apple) TiVo20 (a popular brand of digi-tal video recorder in the United States) andAJAX21 (a programming technique for creating interactive Web applications)

Several librarians and information researchers have recognized the implica-tions of Web 20 principles on library Web services Karen Coombs Head of Web Services at the University of Houston Libraries proposed four principles to construct a concept of ldquoLibrary Virtual Presence in 2010rdquo ldquo1 A libraryrsquos virtual presence will be more than the libraryrsquos web site 2 A libraryrsquos web site will be responsive to the needs of users 3 Through a comprehensive effort in digital collection building the libraryrsquos virtual presence will exploit unique materials in its collections 4 Users will be able to come to the site not only to search for information but also to collaborate and share ideasrdquo22 Doug Achterman the library media teacher at San Benito High School in Hollister California discussed the use of blogs and wikis (the most popular applications of Web 20) in a school se ing to promote school library programs advance instructional practice in collaboration with classroom teachers and connect with students23 Elizabeth Yakel Associate Professor at the School of Information University of Michigan investigated ways in which Web 20 fea-tures are being used in archival access

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 11

systems (such as live chat reference tag-gingcommenting bookbagsshopping carts and recommender systemsratings) and how more might be incorporated in the future24 Jack M Maness Librarian Computer Science Bibliographer at the University of Colorado Boulder Librar-ies addressed how Web 20 technologies (such as synchronous messaging stream-ing media blogs wikis social networks tagging RSS feeds and mashups) might intimate changes in how libraries pro-vide access to their collections and user support25 Edward J Maloney Director of Research and Learning Technologies at Georgetown University discussed the challenges that Web 20 poses to e-learning technologies in higher educa-tion and proposed a Digital Notebook project as one model to ldquoincorporate the paradigm-altering technologies of Web 20 into teaching and learningrdquo26 In ad-dition University of Houston Libraries Strategic Directions (2006ndash2010) declared ldquoexpand our virtual presencerdquo as their first strategic principle and ldquoinclude content on the Librariesrsquo web site that is interactive engaging and participatoryrdquo in their course of action27

Recommendations The core value of libraries is the service they provide to their users The ultimate goal of academic library Web sites is to make preselected and preserved in-formation readily available to users for their educational and research needs The investigation described at the begin-ning of this article reveals that current academic library Web sites have made significant efforts and are successful in pu ing available information online and providing users with complete access to online library resources and services Several academic library Web sites have employed innovative features that bring users closer to what libraries have to offer and encourage some level of user engagement (see table 1) However the universe of information presented on academic library homepages still focuses on library functions requires numerous pathways for access has overwhelming options and takes a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach that fails to recognize users as individuals In addition few current academic library Web sites offer op-portunities for users to create and share user-generated content

FIGURE 2Conceptual Model Part 1 ndash Library Homepage

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[User type] Undergraduate Students

[User type] Friends amp Visitors

[User type] Graduate Students

[User type] Faculty amp Staff

[Quick Link] Login to My Library Space

[Features] Top news Top used resources hellip Search hellip

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

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63

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85

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eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

Info

Hel

p

mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

mou

se-o

ver l

inks

at t

he to

p R

SS n

ew ti

tles

Pop

ular

link

s M

yTo

ols

Rat

e th

is p

age

m

ost i

nnov

a-tiv

e de

sign

98

Tula

ne U

R

esea

rch

Hel

p amp

Gui

danc

e A

bout

Hel

p N

ews

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

99

Uta

h U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ry In

form

atio

n C

olle

c-tio

ns A

sk U

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Hou

rs T

oday

ldquoU

nreq

uire

d R

eadi

ngrdquo

ldquoM

y U

tah

edurdquo

mdashun

iver

-si

ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Get

Hel

p w

ith R

esea

rch

New

sQ

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

Qui

ck L

inks

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

Fe

atur

ed it

em u

nder

eac

h m

ain

cate

gory

col

or c

ode

for e

ach

mai

nca

tego

ry

101

U o

f Virg

inia

G

ener

al In

fo C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Subj

ect G

uide

sN

ews

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og S

earc

h Si

te e

tc

Mix

ed m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksun

der m

ajor

cat

egor

ies o

nth

e le

ft

The

Libr

ary

Vid

eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

for

stud

ents

102

Virg

inia

Tec

h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

mpu

s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

Trdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

ashi

ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

ite O

ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

3 co

lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

Inte

rlibr

ary

Loan

s O

ther

Lib

rary

Cat

alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Lin

ks W

hatrsquos

New

3 co

lum

ns G

raph

ical

des

ign

RSS

new

s G

raph

ical

des

ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

Star

t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 2: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 7

of Web 20 began with a conference brainstorming session between OrsquoReilly Media and MediaLive International in 2004 According to Tim OrsquoReilly Web 20 is a set of key principles demonstrating successful features of a new era of Inter-net companiesapplications These key principles include4

bull the Web as platform bull harnessing collective intelligence bull data is the next Intel inside (ldquoIntelrdquo

is used here as a metaphor to emphasize the importance of data)

bull end of the so ware release cycle bull lightweight programming models bull so ware above the level of a single

device bull rich user experiences OrsquoReilly himself later provided a

compact definition of Web 20 stating ldquoWeb 20 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform and an a empt to understand the rules for success on that new platform Chief among those rules is this Build applications that harness network effects to get be er the more people use themrdquo5

In this article I make recommenda-tions for future academic library Web site design inspired by the Web 20 key principles particularly the Web as plat-form harnessing collective intelligence lightweight programming models and rich user experiences These recommen-dations include the following

bull provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface

bull build a virtual space that facilitates rich user experiences

bull engage users and encourage collec-tive intelligence

bull support content sharing and nur-ture online communities

By implementing these recommenda-tions academic library Web sites will streamline and enrich usersrsquo experiences in interacting with and utilizing infor-mation throughout their learning and research activities and will keep up with rapid changes in user behaviors I used

the following methodology to arrive at these recommendations I chose to inves-tigate the Web sites of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) members6 to discover the current state of academic library Web sites ARL members are a well-defined set of academic libraries and include my own institution Colorado State University Libraries My discoveries have been documented in an appendix and I will summarize current content design pa erns and innovative features of those Web sites in this paper I will then discuss the key principles as defined by Tim OrsquoReilly and review the current lit-erature on Web 20 implications for library Web services Based on my investigation and discussion I will provide a con-ceptual model echoing the above-listed recommendations to inform future Web site design for academic libraries

Current State of Academic Library Web Sites This investigation was limited to those ARL member Web sites specifically af-filiated with a college or university and provided in the English language the sample consisted of a total number of 111 ARL members This investigation focused on content and design pa erns and was in most cases limited to library homepages My discoveries are detailed in Appendix 1 Use of specific examples is not intended to be pejorative or critical of specific library Web pages in part or in whole rather the examples are used to provide comparison among the various pages and a certain amount of subjectiv-ity is therefore unavoidable

Detlor and Lewis previously evalu-ated 107 ARL member Web sites to assess and measure library Web site functionality in a quantitative manner They used a codebook derived from the published literature that was dedicated to the design and usability of library Web sites and other related electronic interfaces They made recommendations surrounding a central argument ldquoaca-demic libraries build robust library Web

8 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

sites to combat increasing competition from commercial servicesrdquo7 Although I acknowledge Detlor and Lewisrsquo findings and insights the investigation for this paper differs from theirs in approach and comprehensiveness I used a snapshot of current academic library homepagesrsquo content and design as a basis for my recommendations A summary of the investigation appears below in the cat-egories of content design pa erns and innovative features

Content The following major content elements were identified on the library homep-ages

bull searchfind resources by format bull resources by subjectsubject

guides bull research assistancehow do Ihellip

help bull about (library)library informa-

tion bull library services bull search site andor site AndashZ bull ask a librarianask us bull newsannouncementsevents bull contact ussuggestions The following content elements were

less common but frequently appeared bull library account(s) bull digital collectionsWeb exhibits bull portals by user types such as stu-

dents faculty staff alumni friends and visitors

In general the homepage content is focused on and arranged according to library functions resources and services Online library information and resources are vast and comprehensive requir-ing multiple searching and browsing pathways Content typically follows a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach and there are few customization features and few opportunities for users to create publish and exchange content

Design Patterns The following design pa erns appeared on the library homepages

bull columns by category bull horizontal sections by category bull mixed columns and horizontal sec-

tions bull four equally divided sections with

sidebar(s) bull mouse-over links with sidebar(s) Most library homepages have an over-

whelming amount of text and links Afew academic libraries are less text and link focused by employing a more graphical design8

Innovative Features About thirty libraries employed RSS (Re-ally Simple Syndication)9 for library news and events (see Appendix 2)

Four library Web sites provide per-sonalized library spaces named ldquoMy Libraryrdquo ldquoMy Personal Libraryrdquo or ldquoMy Search Spacerdquo aggregating into one spot access to library user accounts course re-serve materials library alerts databases citation tools andor search preferences results10 On nine library homepageslinks are provided to a university-level Web portal or centralized Web service11

Ten library homepages provide a ldquoGoogle Scholarrdquo search box or a direct link to search Google Scholar12 Two li-brary homepages also provide a link to search ldquoWindows Live Academicrdquo13

Live Chat as a reference communica-tion method appears on almost all library homepages The table below illustrates other unique and user-friendly innova-tive features

Web 20 Principles and Implications Some Web 20 transformations accord-ing to OrsquoReilly include the evolutions from Britannica Online to Wikipedia from personal Web sites to blogging from publishing to participation from content management systems to wikis from directories (taxonomy) to tagging (ldquofolksonomyrdquomdash general usersrsquo classifi-cations of Internet resources) and from stickiness (static Web pages manual update) to syndication (dynamic Web pages auto update)14

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 9

TABLE 1 Innovative Features Discovered from 111 Academic Library Web Sites

A Use of ldquoWeb 20rdquo Tools RSS for new library resources MIT U of Oklahoma U of Saskatchewan U

of Toronto York U Blogs Brigham Young U U of Minnesota North

Carolina State Temple Texas AampM Washing-ton U in St Louis

Wikis Colorado State (not linked from homepage) North Carolina State

Podcasts Arizona State (ldquoThe Library Channelrdquo) MIT (coming later) Ohio State

Personal BookmarksTagging U of Pennsylvania U of Saskatchewan B User Engagement ldquoRate this pagerdquo U of Toronto ldquoThe Library Video (created by stu-dents for students)rdquo

U of Virginia

ldquoWhat Students are Saying about LIBR1100 helliprdquo

Texas Tech

ldquoQuestion of the Weekrdquo Boston College C Homepage Customization ldquoCustomize this site for helliprdquo U of Connecticut D Aggregated Resources ldquoKnowledge Bankrdquo (IR model DSpace) Ohio State ldquoThe Teaching Libraryrdquo (for faculty and librarians to teach information literacy)

U of Tennessee

ldquoInfoTreerdquo (subject resources) Ohio U ldquoKnowledge Baserdquo (library information) U of Oklahoma ldquoLibrary Survival Guiderdquo (instructions) York U E Single Sign-on ldquoPassport Yorkrdquo York U F Recommending Information ldquoPopular Linksrdquo side bar U of Toronto ldquoTop 10 Databasesrdquo U of Wisconsin-Madison ldquoFeatured itemrdquo Vanderbilt U ldquoResource Spotlightrdquo Brown U ldquoFeatured Resourcesrdquo U at Buffalo (SUNY) U of California at Davis G Multimedia Library Virtual Tour Texas Tech U of Oklahoma Audio Tours Library Tutorial Videos Arizona State H Use of Familiar Format Library hours in a calendar Texas Tech

10 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 1 Transformation in the Relationship between Users and Information

Information + Users InformationUsers

Traditional relationship Web 20 relationship

As the ldquoreadwrite Web rdquo the ldquocollab-orative Webrdquo or the ldquoexpressive Webrdquo Web 20 is an ldquoorganicrdquo information en-vironment where user engagement adds value Web 20 tools ldquoset inclusive defaults for aggregating user data and building value as a side effect of ordinary use of the applicationrdquo15 The more users partici-pate the more value a service provides users connect with inspire help and improve one another through the servicersquos participation mechanisms the servicersquos user-generated content is then available over the network for reuse In the Web 20 era the relationship between users and information is transformed from stand-alone separate silos to mutually inclusive mutually reliant and reciprocal action-and-reaction entities The diagram below illustrates this point

The Web 20 culture also includes syndication of dynamic content and lightweight programservice models to create usable and exciting innovations called ldquomashupsrdquo Mashups challenge the imaginations of information designers and providers to create and deliver more usable tools and be er services over the Internet As OrsquoReilly states ldquothink syn-dication not coordinationrdquo ldquoinnovation [is] in assemblyrdquo16 Relating to recognition of the idea (or already a fact) that in the Web 20 era users and information are integrated I consider it legitimate to say ldquoWeb 20 = users + mashupsrdquo OrsquoReillyrsquos Web 20 application examples include Google eBay Amazon Wikipedia blog-

ging RSS delicious17 (a social bookmark-ing Web site) Flicker18 (a photo sharing Web site) iTunes19 (a digital media player by Apple) TiVo20 (a popular brand of digi-tal video recorder in the United States) andAJAX21 (a programming technique for creating interactive Web applications)

Several librarians and information researchers have recognized the implica-tions of Web 20 principles on library Web services Karen Coombs Head of Web Services at the University of Houston Libraries proposed four principles to construct a concept of ldquoLibrary Virtual Presence in 2010rdquo ldquo1 A libraryrsquos virtual presence will be more than the libraryrsquos web site 2 A libraryrsquos web site will be responsive to the needs of users 3 Through a comprehensive effort in digital collection building the libraryrsquos virtual presence will exploit unique materials in its collections 4 Users will be able to come to the site not only to search for information but also to collaborate and share ideasrdquo22 Doug Achterman the library media teacher at San Benito High School in Hollister California discussed the use of blogs and wikis (the most popular applications of Web 20) in a school se ing to promote school library programs advance instructional practice in collaboration with classroom teachers and connect with students23 Elizabeth Yakel Associate Professor at the School of Information University of Michigan investigated ways in which Web 20 fea-tures are being used in archival access

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 11

systems (such as live chat reference tag-gingcommenting bookbagsshopping carts and recommender systemsratings) and how more might be incorporated in the future24 Jack M Maness Librarian Computer Science Bibliographer at the University of Colorado Boulder Librar-ies addressed how Web 20 technologies (such as synchronous messaging stream-ing media blogs wikis social networks tagging RSS feeds and mashups) might intimate changes in how libraries pro-vide access to their collections and user support25 Edward J Maloney Director of Research and Learning Technologies at Georgetown University discussed the challenges that Web 20 poses to e-learning technologies in higher educa-tion and proposed a Digital Notebook project as one model to ldquoincorporate the paradigm-altering technologies of Web 20 into teaching and learningrdquo26 In ad-dition University of Houston Libraries Strategic Directions (2006ndash2010) declared ldquoexpand our virtual presencerdquo as their first strategic principle and ldquoinclude content on the Librariesrsquo web site that is interactive engaging and participatoryrdquo in their course of action27

Recommendations The core value of libraries is the service they provide to their users The ultimate goal of academic library Web sites is to make preselected and preserved in-formation readily available to users for their educational and research needs The investigation described at the begin-ning of this article reveals that current academic library Web sites have made significant efforts and are successful in pu ing available information online and providing users with complete access to online library resources and services Several academic library Web sites have employed innovative features that bring users closer to what libraries have to offer and encourage some level of user engagement (see table 1) However the universe of information presented on academic library homepages still focuses on library functions requires numerous pathways for access has overwhelming options and takes a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach that fails to recognize users as individuals In addition few current academic library Web sites offer op-portunities for users to create and share user-generated content

FIGURE 2Conceptual Model Part 1 ndash Library Homepage

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[User type] Undergraduate Students

[User type] Friends amp Visitors

[User type] Graduate Students

[User type] Faculty amp Staff

[Quick Link] Login to My Library Space

[Features] Top news Top used resources hellip Search hellip

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

onta

ct

Us

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

25

Col

umbi

a U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Req

uest

Ask

Us

Usi

ng th

e Li

brar

ies

New

s Sp

otlig

ht I

nfor

mat

ion

forhellip

(por

tals

by

user

type

)Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

26

U o

f Con

nect

icut

Se

arch

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es C

olle

ctio

ns U

sing

the

Libr

ary

A

bout

the

Libr

ary

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks S

peci

al L

ibra

ries

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

for hellip

3 co

lum

ns

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

by

subj

ect o

r by

cam

pus

Sav

e cu

stom

izat

ion

27

Cor

nell

U

Find

it (

reso

urce

s by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Ins

truct

ion

Tech

nica

l Sup

port

Insi

de L

ibra

ry Q

uick

Lin

ks H

ow d

o I

findhellip

Ann

ounc

emen

ts E

xhib

ition

s (di

gita

l col

lect

ions

)

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry in

the

mai

nbo

dy w

ith si

de b

ars

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 19

28

Dar

tmou

th C

olle

ge

Sear

chB

row

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut th

e Li

brar

y H

ow

do Ihellip

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

Lin

ks F

eatu

red

Site

s Li

brar

y N

ews

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith le

ftsi

de b

ar

ldquoSea

rch

360rdquo

(sea

rch

artic

les w

ithin

sele

cted

reso

urce

s)

29

U D

elaw

are

Info

rmat

ion

Ser

vice

s R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des A

to Z

(Q

uick

link

s) P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe t

op n

avig

atio

n H

oriz

onta

l sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y w

ith le

ft si

de b

ar30

D

uke

U

Libr

ary

New

s R

esea

rch

Lib

rary

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Us

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Sea

rch

Top

nav

igat

ion

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

31

Emor

y U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Bra

nch

libra

ry li

nks

Arc

hive

s D

igita

l Li

brar

y Pr

ogra

ms

Pres

erva

tion

Offi

ce P

orta

ls b

y us

er

type

Res

ourc

es

2 co

lum

ns

32

U o

f Flo

rida

Find

Ser

vice

s A

bout

New

s Q

uick

cat

alog

sear

ch R

e-se

arch

Gat

eway

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

33

Flor

ida

Stat

e U

A

bout

Ser

vice

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s A

cade

mic

Web

Sea

rch

Li

brar

ies C

atal

og R

esou

rces

amp S

ervi

ces f

orhellip

E-R

e-so

urce

s by

Subj

ect

Mos

t Use

d D

atab

ases

Gen

eral

E-R

e-so

urce

s Tu

toria

ls N

ews

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed se

c-tio

ns

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

Win

dow

s Liv

e B

eta

(Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic

Use

r au

then

ticat

ion

requ

ired)

34

Geo

rge

Was

hing

ton

U

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h R

esea

rch

Porta

l A

rticl

e Q

uick

Se

arch

E-J

ourn

als

Serv

ices

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ask

A L

i-br

aria

n N

ews

Spec

ializ

ed C

olle

ctio

ns o

ther

Lin

ks

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

35

Geo

rget

own

U

Cat

alog

s D

atab

ases

Jou

rnal

Fin

der

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ser

-vi

ces

Mor

e in

form

atio

n fo

rhellip N

ews

othe

r lin

ks

3 co

lum

ns

36

U o

f Geo

rgia

C

atal

og D

atab

ases

E-J

ourn

als

Spec

ial C

olle

ctio

ns

Dig

ital L

ibra

ry R

esea

rch

Gui

de G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fi

nd

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es A

bout

New

s amp E

vent

s

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

37

Geo

rgia

Tec

h A

bout

Sea

rch

amp L

ocat

e B

orro

w amp

Ord

er C

ours

e R

e-se

rves

Res

earc

h H

elp

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Qui

ck L

inks

Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry t

hen

verti

cal l

ocal

navi

gatio

n an

d ho

rizon

tal s

ec-

tions

by

cate

gory

20 College amp Research Libraries January 2008 38

U

of G

uelp

h A

bout

Res

ourc

es H

elp

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gory

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

88

U o

f Sou

ther

n C

ali-

forn

ia

New

at U

SC L

ibra

ries

Libr

arie

s Su

bjec

t Are

as C

olle

c-tio

ns A

bout

the

Libr

arie

s Sp

otlig

ht Q

uick

Lin

ks Q

uick

Se

arch

in S

ubje

cts

3 co

lum

ns f

eatu

ring

New

at

the

USC

Lib

rarie

s on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Feat

ure

ldquoNew

at U

SC L

ibra

riesrdquo

on

the

mai

n bo

dy G

raph

ical

des

ign

89

Sout

hern

Illin

ois U

C

arbo

ndal

e W

elco

me

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Ren

ovat

ion

G

ivin

g H

ours

Hel

p C

onta

ct S

item

ap

3 co

lum

ns

Syst

em p

ower

ed b

y Pl

one

(an

open

sour

ce C

MS)

RSS

new

s90

St

ony

Bro

ok U

O

nlin

e R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Bra

nche

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns H

elp

How

do

Ihellip G

oogl

e Se

arch

Qui

ck L

inks

2

colu

mns

the

n bo

xes b

yca

tego

ry o

n th

e m

ain

body

G

oogl

e Se

arch

91

Syra

cuse

U

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cle

Fin

d Jo

urna

ls D

igita

l Lib

rary

Fi

nd A

Lib

raria

n F

ind

Fact

s Fi

nd R

eser

ves

Oth

er L

ibra

r-ie

s C

itatio

n Su

ppor

t A

bout

Us

Serv

ices

Hel

p Q

uick

Se

arch

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) N

ews

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed c

ol-

umns

and

sect

ions

92

Tem

ple

U

Find

Arti

cles

Boo

ks M

ovie

s amp M

ore

Ser

vice

s A

bout

A

rchi

ves amp

Col

lect

ions

Get

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

N

ews amp

Eve

nts p

ower

ed b

y a

blog

93

U o

f Ten

ness

ee

Find

Info

rmat

ion

Use

Our

Ser

vice

s G

et H

elp

Tec

hnol

-og

y Su

ppor

t In

side

the

Libr

arie

s W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck

Sear

ch P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe (i

n ldquoS

ervi

cesrdquo

3 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

R

SS n

ews

The

Tea

chin

g Li

brar

y

94

U o

f Tex

as a

t Aus

tin

Qui

ck L

inks

Abo

ut R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es R

esou

rces

fo

r You

For

Stu

dent

s Fo

r Fac

ulty

Sta

ff G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

UTO

PIA

Por

tals

by

user

type

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS n

ews

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

Sea

rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

Boo

ks E

-Jou

r-na

ls I

ndex

esD

atab

ases

) N

ews

Serv

ice

Res

earc

h Su

p-po

rt C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Giv

ing

Hel

p M

y Po

rtal

3 co

lum

ns

Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r U

nder

grad

uate

Info

Blo

g

My

Porta

lmdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

96

Texa

s Tec

h U

Fi

nd B

ooks

amp M

ore

Fin

d A

rticl

es L

ibra

ry In

fo R

efer

-en

ce T

ools

Ask

A L

ibra

rian

Res

earc

h A

Top

ic Q

uick

Li

nks t

o an

d Li

st o

f Dat

abas

es O

n th

e si

demdash

Res

earc

hSe

rvic

es A

bout

Giv

e C

ompu

ting

Site

map

New

s E-

Res

ourc

e St

atus

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

Li

brar

y ho

urs o

f the

day

Lib

rary

hour

s in

a ca

lend

ar V

irtua

l Tou

r ldquoW

hat S

tude

nts a

re sa

ying

abo

utLI

BR

1100

helliprdquo

(stu

dent

quo

te o

n lib

rary

trai

ning

) 97

U

of T

oron

to

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Sea

rch

Arti

cles

(e-J

ourn

als

All

e-re

sour

ces)

Too

ls N

ews

New

Titl

eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

Info

Hel

p

mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

mou

se-o

ver l

inks

at t

he to

p R

SS n

ew ti

tles

Pop

ular

link

s M

yTo

ols

Rat

e th

is p

age

m

ost i

nnov

a-tiv

e de

sign

98

Tula

ne U

R

esea

rch

Hel

p amp

Gui

danc

e A

bout

Hel

p N

ews

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

99

Uta

h U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ry In

form

atio

n C

olle

c-tio

ns A

sk U

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Hou

rs T

oday

ldquoU

nreq

uire

d R

eadi

ngrdquo

ldquoM

y U

tah

edurdquo

mdashun

iver

-si

ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Get

Hel

p w

ith R

esea

rch

New

sQ

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

Qui

ck L

inks

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

Fe

atur

ed it

em u

nder

eac

h m

ain

cate

gory

col

or c

ode

for e

ach

mai

nca

tego

ry

101

U o

f Virg

inia

G

ener

al In

fo C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Subj

ect G

uide

sN

ews

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og S

earc

h Si

te e

tc

Mix

ed m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksun

der m

ajor

cat

egor

ies o

nth

e le

ft

The

Libr

ary

Vid

eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

for

stud

ents

102

Virg

inia

Tec

h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

mpu

s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

Trdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

ashi

ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

ite O

ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

3 co

lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

Inte

rlibr

ary

Loan

s O

ther

Lib

rary

Cat

alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Lin

ks W

hatrsquos

New

3 co

lum

ns G

raph

ical

des

ign

RSS

new

s G

raph

ical

des

ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

Star

t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 3: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

8 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

sites to combat increasing competition from commercial servicesrdquo7 Although I acknowledge Detlor and Lewisrsquo findings and insights the investigation for this paper differs from theirs in approach and comprehensiveness I used a snapshot of current academic library homepagesrsquo content and design as a basis for my recommendations A summary of the investigation appears below in the cat-egories of content design pa erns and innovative features

Content The following major content elements were identified on the library homep-ages

bull searchfind resources by format bull resources by subjectsubject

guides bull research assistancehow do Ihellip

help bull about (library)library informa-

tion bull library services bull search site andor site AndashZ bull ask a librarianask us bull newsannouncementsevents bull contact ussuggestions The following content elements were

less common but frequently appeared bull library account(s) bull digital collectionsWeb exhibits bull portals by user types such as stu-

dents faculty staff alumni friends and visitors

In general the homepage content is focused on and arranged according to library functions resources and services Online library information and resources are vast and comprehensive requir-ing multiple searching and browsing pathways Content typically follows a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach and there are few customization features and few opportunities for users to create publish and exchange content

Design Patterns The following design pa erns appeared on the library homepages

bull columns by category bull horizontal sections by category bull mixed columns and horizontal sec-

tions bull four equally divided sections with

sidebar(s) bull mouse-over links with sidebar(s) Most library homepages have an over-

whelming amount of text and links Afew academic libraries are less text and link focused by employing a more graphical design8

Innovative Features About thirty libraries employed RSS (Re-ally Simple Syndication)9 for library news and events (see Appendix 2)

Four library Web sites provide per-sonalized library spaces named ldquoMy Libraryrdquo ldquoMy Personal Libraryrdquo or ldquoMy Search Spacerdquo aggregating into one spot access to library user accounts course re-serve materials library alerts databases citation tools andor search preferences results10 On nine library homepageslinks are provided to a university-level Web portal or centralized Web service11

Ten library homepages provide a ldquoGoogle Scholarrdquo search box or a direct link to search Google Scholar12 Two li-brary homepages also provide a link to search ldquoWindows Live Academicrdquo13

Live Chat as a reference communica-tion method appears on almost all library homepages The table below illustrates other unique and user-friendly innova-tive features

Web 20 Principles and Implications Some Web 20 transformations accord-ing to OrsquoReilly include the evolutions from Britannica Online to Wikipedia from personal Web sites to blogging from publishing to participation from content management systems to wikis from directories (taxonomy) to tagging (ldquofolksonomyrdquomdash general usersrsquo classifi-cations of Internet resources) and from stickiness (static Web pages manual update) to syndication (dynamic Web pages auto update)14

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 9

TABLE 1 Innovative Features Discovered from 111 Academic Library Web Sites

A Use of ldquoWeb 20rdquo Tools RSS for new library resources MIT U of Oklahoma U of Saskatchewan U

of Toronto York U Blogs Brigham Young U U of Minnesota North

Carolina State Temple Texas AampM Washing-ton U in St Louis

Wikis Colorado State (not linked from homepage) North Carolina State

Podcasts Arizona State (ldquoThe Library Channelrdquo) MIT (coming later) Ohio State

Personal BookmarksTagging U of Pennsylvania U of Saskatchewan B User Engagement ldquoRate this pagerdquo U of Toronto ldquoThe Library Video (created by stu-dents for students)rdquo

U of Virginia

ldquoWhat Students are Saying about LIBR1100 helliprdquo

Texas Tech

ldquoQuestion of the Weekrdquo Boston College C Homepage Customization ldquoCustomize this site for helliprdquo U of Connecticut D Aggregated Resources ldquoKnowledge Bankrdquo (IR model DSpace) Ohio State ldquoThe Teaching Libraryrdquo (for faculty and librarians to teach information literacy)

U of Tennessee

ldquoInfoTreerdquo (subject resources) Ohio U ldquoKnowledge Baserdquo (library information) U of Oklahoma ldquoLibrary Survival Guiderdquo (instructions) York U E Single Sign-on ldquoPassport Yorkrdquo York U F Recommending Information ldquoPopular Linksrdquo side bar U of Toronto ldquoTop 10 Databasesrdquo U of Wisconsin-Madison ldquoFeatured itemrdquo Vanderbilt U ldquoResource Spotlightrdquo Brown U ldquoFeatured Resourcesrdquo U at Buffalo (SUNY) U of California at Davis G Multimedia Library Virtual Tour Texas Tech U of Oklahoma Audio Tours Library Tutorial Videos Arizona State H Use of Familiar Format Library hours in a calendar Texas Tech

10 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 1 Transformation in the Relationship between Users and Information

Information + Users InformationUsers

Traditional relationship Web 20 relationship

As the ldquoreadwrite Web rdquo the ldquocollab-orative Webrdquo or the ldquoexpressive Webrdquo Web 20 is an ldquoorganicrdquo information en-vironment where user engagement adds value Web 20 tools ldquoset inclusive defaults for aggregating user data and building value as a side effect of ordinary use of the applicationrdquo15 The more users partici-pate the more value a service provides users connect with inspire help and improve one another through the servicersquos participation mechanisms the servicersquos user-generated content is then available over the network for reuse In the Web 20 era the relationship between users and information is transformed from stand-alone separate silos to mutually inclusive mutually reliant and reciprocal action-and-reaction entities The diagram below illustrates this point

The Web 20 culture also includes syndication of dynamic content and lightweight programservice models to create usable and exciting innovations called ldquomashupsrdquo Mashups challenge the imaginations of information designers and providers to create and deliver more usable tools and be er services over the Internet As OrsquoReilly states ldquothink syn-dication not coordinationrdquo ldquoinnovation [is] in assemblyrdquo16 Relating to recognition of the idea (or already a fact) that in the Web 20 era users and information are integrated I consider it legitimate to say ldquoWeb 20 = users + mashupsrdquo OrsquoReillyrsquos Web 20 application examples include Google eBay Amazon Wikipedia blog-

ging RSS delicious17 (a social bookmark-ing Web site) Flicker18 (a photo sharing Web site) iTunes19 (a digital media player by Apple) TiVo20 (a popular brand of digi-tal video recorder in the United States) andAJAX21 (a programming technique for creating interactive Web applications)

Several librarians and information researchers have recognized the implica-tions of Web 20 principles on library Web services Karen Coombs Head of Web Services at the University of Houston Libraries proposed four principles to construct a concept of ldquoLibrary Virtual Presence in 2010rdquo ldquo1 A libraryrsquos virtual presence will be more than the libraryrsquos web site 2 A libraryrsquos web site will be responsive to the needs of users 3 Through a comprehensive effort in digital collection building the libraryrsquos virtual presence will exploit unique materials in its collections 4 Users will be able to come to the site not only to search for information but also to collaborate and share ideasrdquo22 Doug Achterman the library media teacher at San Benito High School in Hollister California discussed the use of blogs and wikis (the most popular applications of Web 20) in a school se ing to promote school library programs advance instructional practice in collaboration with classroom teachers and connect with students23 Elizabeth Yakel Associate Professor at the School of Information University of Michigan investigated ways in which Web 20 fea-tures are being used in archival access

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 11

systems (such as live chat reference tag-gingcommenting bookbagsshopping carts and recommender systemsratings) and how more might be incorporated in the future24 Jack M Maness Librarian Computer Science Bibliographer at the University of Colorado Boulder Librar-ies addressed how Web 20 technologies (such as synchronous messaging stream-ing media blogs wikis social networks tagging RSS feeds and mashups) might intimate changes in how libraries pro-vide access to their collections and user support25 Edward J Maloney Director of Research and Learning Technologies at Georgetown University discussed the challenges that Web 20 poses to e-learning technologies in higher educa-tion and proposed a Digital Notebook project as one model to ldquoincorporate the paradigm-altering technologies of Web 20 into teaching and learningrdquo26 In ad-dition University of Houston Libraries Strategic Directions (2006ndash2010) declared ldquoexpand our virtual presencerdquo as their first strategic principle and ldquoinclude content on the Librariesrsquo web site that is interactive engaging and participatoryrdquo in their course of action27

Recommendations The core value of libraries is the service they provide to their users The ultimate goal of academic library Web sites is to make preselected and preserved in-formation readily available to users for their educational and research needs The investigation described at the begin-ning of this article reveals that current academic library Web sites have made significant efforts and are successful in pu ing available information online and providing users with complete access to online library resources and services Several academic library Web sites have employed innovative features that bring users closer to what libraries have to offer and encourage some level of user engagement (see table 1) However the universe of information presented on academic library homepages still focuses on library functions requires numerous pathways for access has overwhelming options and takes a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach that fails to recognize users as individuals In addition few current academic library Web sites offer op-portunities for users to create and share user-generated content

FIGURE 2Conceptual Model Part 1 ndash Library Homepage

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[User type] Undergraduate Students

[User type] Friends amp Visitors

[User type] Graduate Students

[User type] Faculty amp Staff

[Quick Link] Login to My Library Space

[Features] Top news Top used resources hellip Search hellip

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

onta

ct

Us

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

25

Col

umbi

a U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Req

uest

Ask

Us

Usi

ng th

e Li

brar

ies

New

s Sp

otlig

ht I

nfor

mat

ion

forhellip

(por

tals

by

user

type

)Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

26

U o

f Con

nect

icut

Se

arch

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es C

olle

ctio

ns U

sing

the

Libr

ary

A

bout

the

Libr

ary

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks S

peci

al L

ibra

ries

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

for hellip

3 co

lum

ns

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

by

subj

ect o

r by

cam

pus

Sav

e cu

stom

izat

ion

27

Cor

nell

U

Find

it (

reso

urce

s by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Ins

truct

ion

Tech

nica

l Sup

port

Insi

de L

ibra

ry Q

uick

Lin

ks H

ow d

o I

findhellip

Ann

ounc

emen

ts E

xhib

ition

s (di

gita

l col

lect

ions

)

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry in

the

mai

nbo

dy w

ith si

de b

ars

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 19

28

Dar

tmou

th C

olle

ge

Sear

chB

row

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut th

e Li

brar

y H

ow

do Ihellip

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

Lin

ks F

eatu

red

Site

s Li

brar

y N

ews

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith le

ftsi

de b

ar

ldquoSea

rch

360rdquo

(sea

rch

artic

les w

ithin

sele

cted

reso

urce

s)

29

U D

elaw

are

Info

rmat

ion

Ser

vice

s R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des A

to Z

(Q

uick

link

s) P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe t

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63

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(use

r aut

hent

icat

ion

requ

ired)

78

Penn

sylv

ania

Sta

te U

C

atal

og B

ooks

amp M

ore

Arti

cles

amp M

ore

E-R

esou

rce

List

Res

earc

h To

ols

Serv

ices

Abo

ut L

ocat

ions

amp H

ours

G

et H

elp

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s etc

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y

79

U o

f Pitt

sbur

gh

Find

Boo

ks A

rticl

es amp

Mor

e L

ibra

ries

Serv

ices

Uni

ver-

sity

Lib

rary

Sys

tem

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Lin

ks

Hor

izon

tal s

ectio

ns b

y ca

t-eg

ory

80

Prin

ceto

n U

B

ooks

Arti

cles

amp M

ore

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Sp

otlig

ht amp

New

s 2

horiz

onta

l sec

tions

col

umns

by c

ateg

ory

on m

ain

body

R

SS n

ews

81

Purd

ue U

C

atal

og K

ey R

esou

rces

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry o

n th

e m

ain

body

mou

se-o

ver n

avig

atio

n82

Q

ueen

rsquos U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ries a

t Que

enrsquos

Hel

p

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

boxe

s by

cate

gory

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

83

Ric

e U

C

atal

og C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Gen

eral

Info

Dep

artm

ents

N

ews

Mou

se-o

ver l

inks

by

cate

gory

84

U o

f Roc

hest

er

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) C

atal

og S

earc

h B

orro

win

gLi

brar

y In

form

atio

n N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

gers

U

Qui

ck L

inks

with

mou

se-o

ver t

o fu

rther

link

s A

sk A

Li-

brar

ian

Hou

rs amp

Dire

ctio

ns S

earc

h W

eb si

te S

ite In

dex

N

ews amp

Eve

nts

3 co

lum

ns

86

U o

f Sas

katc

hew

an

Find

Res

ourc

es Y

our A

ccou

nt H

elp

Lib

rary

Info

rmat

ion

Es

peci

ally

forhellip

New

s amp E

vent

s U

nive

rsity

Lea

rnin

gC

ente

r Po

rtals

by

user

type

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

Your

Boo

kmar

ks R

SS fo

r New

B

ooks

Blo

gs (e

-Res

ourc

es N

ews)

87

U o

f Sou

th C

arol

ina

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

ary

Ass

ista

nce

Ser

vice

s In

form

atio

n fo

rhellip S

potli

ght o

nhellip Q

uick

Lin

ks to

Lib

rary

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

boxe

s by

cate

gory

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

88

U o

f Sou

ther

n C

ali-

forn

ia

New

at U

SC L

ibra

ries

Libr

arie

s Su

bjec

t Are

as C

olle

c-tio

ns A

bout

the

Libr

arie

s Sp

otlig

ht Q

uick

Lin

ks Q

uick

Se

arch

in S

ubje

cts

3 co

lum

ns f

eatu

ring

New

at

the

USC

Lib

rarie

s on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Feat

ure

ldquoNew

at U

SC L

ibra

riesrdquo

on

the

mai

n bo

dy G

raph

ical

des

ign

89

Sout

hern

Illin

ois U

C

arbo

ndal

e W

elco

me

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Ren

ovat

ion

G

ivin

g H

ours

Hel

p C

onta

ct S

item

ap

3 co

lum

ns

Syst

em p

ower

ed b

y Pl

one

(an

open

sour

ce C

MS)

RSS

new

s90

St

ony

Bro

ok U

O

nlin

e R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Bra

nche

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns H

elp

How

do

Ihellip G

oogl

e Se

arch

Qui

ck L

inks

2

colu

mns

the

n bo

xes b

yca

tego

ry o

n th

e m

ain

body

G

oogl

e Se

arch

91

Syra

cuse

U

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cle

Fin

d Jo

urna

ls D

igita

l Lib

rary

Fi

nd A

Lib

raria

n F

ind

Fact

s Fi

nd R

eser

ves

Oth

er L

ibra

r-ie

s C

itatio

n Su

ppor

t A

bout

Us

Serv

ices

Hel

p Q

uick

Se

arch

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) N

ews

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed c

ol-

umns

and

sect

ions

92

Tem

ple

U

Find

Arti

cles

Boo

ks M

ovie

s amp M

ore

Ser

vice

s A

bout

A

rchi

ves amp

Col

lect

ions

Get

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

N

ews amp

Eve

nts p

ower

ed b

y a

blog

93

U o

f Ten

ness

ee

Find

Info

rmat

ion

Use

Our

Ser

vice

s G

et H

elp

Tec

hnol

-og

y Su

ppor

t In

side

the

Libr

arie

s W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck

Sear

ch P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe (i

n ldquoS

ervi

cesrdquo

3 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

R

SS n

ews

The

Tea

chin

g Li

brar

y

94

U o

f Tex

as a

t Aus

tin

Qui

ck L

inks

Abo

ut R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es R

esou

rces

fo

r You

For

Stu

dent

s Fo

r Fac

ulty

Sta

ff G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

UTO

PIA

Por

tals

by

user

type

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS n

ews

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

Sea

rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

Boo

ks E

-Jou

r-na

ls I

ndex

esD

atab

ases

) N

ews

Serv

ice

Res

earc

h Su

p-po

rt C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Giv

ing

Hel

p M

y Po

rtal

3 co

lum

ns

Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r U

nder

grad

uate

Info

Blo

g

My

Porta

lmdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

96

Texa

s Tec

h U

Fi

nd B

ooks

amp M

ore

Fin

d A

rticl

es L

ibra

ry In

fo R

efer

-en

ce T

ools

Ask

A L

ibra

rian

Res

earc

h A

Top

ic Q

uick

Li

nks t

o an

d Li

st o

f Dat

abas

es O

n th

e si

demdash

Res

earc

hSe

rvic

es A

bout

Giv

e C

ompu

ting

Site

map

New

s E-

Res

ourc

e St

atus

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

Li

brar

y ho

urs o

f the

day

Lib

rary

hour

s in

a ca

lend

ar V

irtua

l Tou

r ldquoW

hat S

tude

nts a

re sa

ying

abo

utLI

BR

1100

helliprdquo

(stu

dent

quo

te o

n lib

rary

trai

ning

) 97

U

of T

oron

to

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Sea

rch

Arti

cles

(e-J

ourn

als

All

e-re

sour

ces)

Too

ls N

ews

New

Titl

eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

Info

Hel

p

mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

mou

se-o

ver l

inks

at t

he to

p R

SS n

ew ti

tles

Pop

ular

link

s M

yTo

ols

Rat

e th

is p

age

m

ost i

nnov

a-tiv

e de

sign

98

Tula

ne U

R

esea

rch

Hel

p amp

Gui

danc

e A

bout

Hel

p N

ews

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

99

Uta

h U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ry In

form

atio

n C

olle

c-tio

ns A

sk U

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Hou

rs T

oday

ldquoU

nreq

uire

d R

eadi

ngrdquo

ldquoM

y U

tah

edurdquo

mdashun

iver

-si

ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Get

Hel

p w

ith R

esea

rch

New

sQ

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

Qui

ck L

inks

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

Fe

atur

ed it

em u

nder

eac

h m

ain

cate

gory

col

or c

ode

for e

ach

mai

nca

tego

ry

101

U o

f Virg

inia

G

ener

al In

fo C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Subj

ect G

uide

sN

ews

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og S

earc

h Si

te e

tc

Mix

ed m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksun

der m

ajor

cat

egor

ies o

nth

e le

ft

The

Libr

ary

Vid

eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

for

stud

ents

102

Virg

inia

Tec

h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

mpu

s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

Trdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

ashi

ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

ite O

ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

3 co

lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

Inte

rlibr

ary

Loan

s O

ther

Lib

rary

Cat

alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Lin

ks W

hatrsquos

New

3 co

lum

ns G

raph

ical

des

ign

RSS

new

s G

raph

ical

des

ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

Star

t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 4: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 9

TABLE 1 Innovative Features Discovered from 111 Academic Library Web Sites

A Use of ldquoWeb 20rdquo Tools RSS for new library resources MIT U of Oklahoma U of Saskatchewan U

of Toronto York U Blogs Brigham Young U U of Minnesota North

Carolina State Temple Texas AampM Washing-ton U in St Louis

Wikis Colorado State (not linked from homepage) North Carolina State

Podcasts Arizona State (ldquoThe Library Channelrdquo) MIT (coming later) Ohio State

Personal BookmarksTagging U of Pennsylvania U of Saskatchewan B User Engagement ldquoRate this pagerdquo U of Toronto ldquoThe Library Video (created by stu-dents for students)rdquo

U of Virginia

ldquoWhat Students are Saying about LIBR1100 helliprdquo

Texas Tech

ldquoQuestion of the Weekrdquo Boston College C Homepage Customization ldquoCustomize this site for helliprdquo U of Connecticut D Aggregated Resources ldquoKnowledge Bankrdquo (IR model DSpace) Ohio State ldquoThe Teaching Libraryrdquo (for faculty and librarians to teach information literacy)

U of Tennessee

ldquoInfoTreerdquo (subject resources) Ohio U ldquoKnowledge Baserdquo (library information) U of Oklahoma ldquoLibrary Survival Guiderdquo (instructions) York U E Single Sign-on ldquoPassport Yorkrdquo York U F Recommending Information ldquoPopular Linksrdquo side bar U of Toronto ldquoTop 10 Databasesrdquo U of Wisconsin-Madison ldquoFeatured itemrdquo Vanderbilt U ldquoResource Spotlightrdquo Brown U ldquoFeatured Resourcesrdquo U at Buffalo (SUNY) U of California at Davis G Multimedia Library Virtual Tour Texas Tech U of Oklahoma Audio Tours Library Tutorial Videos Arizona State H Use of Familiar Format Library hours in a calendar Texas Tech

10 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 1 Transformation in the Relationship between Users and Information

Information + Users InformationUsers

Traditional relationship Web 20 relationship

As the ldquoreadwrite Web rdquo the ldquocollab-orative Webrdquo or the ldquoexpressive Webrdquo Web 20 is an ldquoorganicrdquo information en-vironment where user engagement adds value Web 20 tools ldquoset inclusive defaults for aggregating user data and building value as a side effect of ordinary use of the applicationrdquo15 The more users partici-pate the more value a service provides users connect with inspire help and improve one another through the servicersquos participation mechanisms the servicersquos user-generated content is then available over the network for reuse In the Web 20 era the relationship between users and information is transformed from stand-alone separate silos to mutually inclusive mutually reliant and reciprocal action-and-reaction entities The diagram below illustrates this point

The Web 20 culture also includes syndication of dynamic content and lightweight programservice models to create usable and exciting innovations called ldquomashupsrdquo Mashups challenge the imaginations of information designers and providers to create and deliver more usable tools and be er services over the Internet As OrsquoReilly states ldquothink syn-dication not coordinationrdquo ldquoinnovation [is] in assemblyrdquo16 Relating to recognition of the idea (or already a fact) that in the Web 20 era users and information are integrated I consider it legitimate to say ldquoWeb 20 = users + mashupsrdquo OrsquoReillyrsquos Web 20 application examples include Google eBay Amazon Wikipedia blog-

ging RSS delicious17 (a social bookmark-ing Web site) Flicker18 (a photo sharing Web site) iTunes19 (a digital media player by Apple) TiVo20 (a popular brand of digi-tal video recorder in the United States) andAJAX21 (a programming technique for creating interactive Web applications)

Several librarians and information researchers have recognized the implica-tions of Web 20 principles on library Web services Karen Coombs Head of Web Services at the University of Houston Libraries proposed four principles to construct a concept of ldquoLibrary Virtual Presence in 2010rdquo ldquo1 A libraryrsquos virtual presence will be more than the libraryrsquos web site 2 A libraryrsquos web site will be responsive to the needs of users 3 Through a comprehensive effort in digital collection building the libraryrsquos virtual presence will exploit unique materials in its collections 4 Users will be able to come to the site not only to search for information but also to collaborate and share ideasrdquo22 Doug Achterman the library media teacher at San Benito High School in Hollister California discussed the use of blogs and wikis (the most popular applications of Web 20) in a school se ing to promote school library programs advance instructional practice in collaboration with classroom teachers and connect with students23 Elizabeth Yakel Associate Professor at the School of Information University of Michigan investigated ways in which Web 20 fea-tures are being used in archival access

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 11

systems (such as live chat reference tag-gingcommenting bookbagsshopping carts and recommender systemsratings) and how more might be incorporated in the future24 Jack M Maness Librarian Computer Science Bibliographer at the University of Colorado Boulder Librar-ies addressed how Web 20 technologies (such as synchronous messaging stream-ing media blogs wikis social networks tagging RSS feeds and mashups) might intimate changes in how libraries pro-vide access to their collections and user support25 Edward J Maloney Director of Research and Learning Technologies at Georgetown University discussed the challenges that Web 20 poses to e-learning technologies in higher educa-tion and proposed a Digital Notebook project as one model to ldquoincorporate the paradigm-altering technologies of Web 20 into teaching and learningrdquo26 In ad-dition University of Houston Libraries Strategic Directions (2006ndash2010) declared ldquoexpand our virtual presencerdquo as their first strategic principle and ldquoinclude content on the Librariesrsquo web site that is interactive engaging and participatoryrdquo in their course of action27

Recommendations The core value of libraries is the service they provide to their users The ultimate goal of academic library Web sites is to make preselected and preserved in-formation readily available to users for their educational and research needs The investigation described at the begin-ning of this article reveals that current academic library Web sites have made significant efforts and are successful in pu ing available information online and providing users with complete access to online library resources and services Several academic library Web sites have employed innovative features that bring users closer to what libraries have to offer and encourage some level of user engagement (see table 1) However the universe of information presented on academic library homepages still focuses on library functions requires numerous pathways for access has overwhelming options and takes a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach that fails to recognize users as individuals In addition few current academic library Web sites offer op-portunities for users to create and share user-generated content

FIGURE 2Conceptual Model Part 1 ndash Library Homepage

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[User type] Undergraduate Students

[User type] Friends amp Visitors

[User type] Graduate Students

[User type] Faculty amp Staff

[Quick Link] Login to My Library Space

[Features] Top news Top used resources hellip Search hellip

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

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ore

Mor

e C

atal

ogs

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s Le

ctur

esP

rogr

ams

Serv

ices

Exh

ibi-

tions

3 co

lum

ns

Podc

ast (

Libr

ary

New

s Aud

io)

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wle

dge

Ban

k (li

brar

y in

fo)

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

Ohi

o U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Col

lect

ions

Inf

oQ

uick

Sea

rch

(Boo

ks V

ideo

s A

rticl

es)

New

s 2

colu

mns

clic

k-to

-cha

nge

tabs

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Info

Tree

(agg

rega

ted

hier

arch

ical

re

sour

ce li

st)

74

U o

f Okl

ahom

a A

nnou

ncem

ents

Get

ting

Star

tedhellip

Whe

re C

an I

Find

hellip

Cal

l Num

ber L

ocat

ions

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rtals

by

user

type

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mns

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n se

ctio

ns b

yca

tego

ry

RSS

new

s R

SS n

ew b

ooks

amp n

ewel

ectro

nic

reso

urce

s K

now

ledg

eB

ase

Virt

ual T

our

75

Okl

ahom

a St

ate

U

Find

hellip(r

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rces

by

form

at)

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Giv

e A

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ews

Arti

cle

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ck S

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r lin

ks b

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76

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f Ore

gon

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ch (d

iffer

ent f

orm

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y ch

angi

ng ta

b) F

ind

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ourc

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tanc

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ut N

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mns

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f Pen

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arch

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p S

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arie

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hts

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Tags

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r aut

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ired)

78

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sylv

ania

Sta

te U

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cles

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r lin

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79

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f Pitt

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gh

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sity

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se-o

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avig

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ueen

rsquos U

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p

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f Roc

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rmat

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gLi

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nts

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24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

gers

U

Qui

ck L

inks

with

mou

se-o

ver t

o fu

rther

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s A

sk A

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brar

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ctio

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86

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f Sas

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rsity

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blog

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

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(Arti

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

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t Lo

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Find

it (

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ext)

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d B

ooks

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ary

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brar

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rs amp

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s A

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hatrsquos

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og S

earc

h

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ns m

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n bo

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trsquos n

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log

106

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f Wat

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r Res

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stru

c-tio

n C

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om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

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R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

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ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

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n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 5: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

10 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 1 Transformation in the Relationship between Users and Information

Information + Users InformationUsers

Traditional relationship Web 20 relationship

As the ldquoreadwrite Web rdquo the ldquocollab-orative Webrdquo or the ldquoexpressive Webrdquo Web 20 is an ldquoorganicrdquo information en-vironment where user engagement adds value Web 20 tools ldquoset inclusive defaults for aggregating user data and building value as a side effect of ordinary use of the applicationrdquo15 The more users partici-pate the more value a service provides users connect with inspire help and improve one another through the servicersquos participation mechanisms the servicersquos user-generated content is then available over the network for reuse In the Web 20 era the relationship between users and information is transformed from stand-alone separate silos to mutually inclusive mutually reliant and reciprocal action-and-reaction entities The diagram below illustrates this point

The Web 20 culture also includes syndication of dynamic content and lightweight programservice models to create usable and exciting innovations called ldquomashupsrdquo Mashups challenge the imaginations of information designers and providers to create and deliver more usable tools and be er services over the Internet As OrsquoReilly states ldquothink syn-dication not coordinationrdquo ldquoinnovation [is] in assemblyrdquo16 Relating to recognition of the idea (or already a fact) that in the Web 20 era users and information are integrated I consider it legitimate to say ldquoWeb 20 = users + mashupsrdquo OrsquoReillyrsquos Web 20 application examples include Google eBay Amazon Wikipedia blog-

ging RSS delicious17 (a social bookmark-ing Web site) Flicker18 (a photo sharing Web site) iTunes19 (a digital media player by Apple) TiVo20 (a popular brand of digi-tal video recorder in the United States) andAJAX21 (a programming technique for creating interactive Web applications)

Several librarians and information researchers have recognized the implica-tions of Web 20 principles on library Web services Karen Coombs Head of Web Services at the University of Houston Libraries proposed four principles to construct a concept of ldquoLibrary Virtual Presence in 2010rdquo ldquo1 A libraryrsquos virtual presence will be more than the libraryrsquos web site 2 A libraryrsquos web site will be responsive to the needs of users 3 Through a comprehensive effort in digital collection building the libraryrsquos virtual presence will exploit unique materials in its collections 4 Users will be able to come to the site not only to search for information but also to collaborate and share ideasrdquo22 Doug Achterman the library media teacher at San Benito High School in Hollister California discussed the use of blogs and wikis (the most popular applications of Web 20) in a school se ing to promote school library programs advance instructional practice in collaboration with classroom teachers and connect with students23 Elizabeth Yakel Associate Professor at the School of Information University of Michigan investigated ways in which Web 20 fea-tures are being used in archival access

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 11

systems (such as live chat reference tag-gingcommenting bookbagsshopping carts and recommender systemsratings) and how more might be incorporated in the future24 Jack M Maness Librarian Computer Science Bibliographer at the University of Colorado Boulder Librar-ies addressed how Web 20 technologies (such as synchronous messaging stream-ing media blogs wikis social networks tagging RSS feeds and mashups) might intimate changes in how libraries pro-vide access to their collections and user support25 Edward J Maloney Director of Research and Learning Technologies at Georgetown University discussed the challenges that Web 20 poses to e-learning technologies in higher educa-tion and proposed a Digital Notebook project as one model to ldquoincorporate the paradigm-altering technologies of Web 20 into teaching and learningrdquo26 In ad-dition University of Houston Libraries Strategic Directions (2006ndash2010) declared ldquoexpand our virtual presencerdquo as their first strategic principle and ldquoinclude content on the Librariesrsquo web site that is interactive engaging and participatoryrdquo in their course of action27

Recommendations The core value of libraries is the service they provide to their users The ultimate goal of academic library Web sites is to make preselected and preserved in-formation readily available to users for their educational and research needs The investigation described at the begin-ning of this article reveals that current academic library Web sites have made significant efforts and are successful in pu ing available information online and providing users with complete access to online library resources and services Several academic library Web sites have employed innovative features that bring users closer to what libraries have to offer and encourage some level of user engagement (see table 1) However the universe of information presented on academic library homepages still focuses on library functions requires numerous pathways for access has overwhelming options and takes a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach that fails to recognize users as individuals In addition few current academic library Web sites offer op-portunities for users to create and share user-generated content

FIGURE 2Conceptual Model Part 1 ndash Library Homepage

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[User type] Undergraduate Students

[User type] Friends amp Visitors

[User type] Graduate Students

[User type] Faculty amp Staff

[Quick Link] Login to My Library Space

[Features] Top news Top used resources hellip Search hellip

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

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85

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gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 6: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 11

systems (such as live chat reference tag-gingcommenting bookbagsshopping carts and recommender systemsratings) and how more might be incorporated in the future24 Jack M Maness Librarian Computer Science Bibliographer at the University of Colorado Boulder Librar-ies addressed how Web 20 technologies (such as synchronous messaging stream-ing media blogs wikis social networks tagging RSS feeds and mashups) might intimate changes in how libraries pro-vide access to their collections and user support25 Edward J Maloney Director of Research and Learning Technologies at Georgetown University discussed the challenges that Web 20 poses to e-learning technologies in higher educa-tion and proposed a Digital Notebook project as one model to ldquoincorporate the paradigm-altering technologies of Web 20 into teaching and learningrdquo26 In ad-dition University of Houston Libraries Strategic Directions (2006ndash2010) declared ldquoexpand our virtual presencerdquo as their first strategic principle and ldquoinclude content on the Librariesrsquo web site that is interactive engaging and participatoryrdquo in their course of action27

Recommendations The core value of libraries is the service they provide to their users The ultimate goal of academic library Web sites is to make preselected and preserved in-formation readily available to users for their educational and research needs The investigation described at the begin-ning of this article reveals that current academic library Web sites have made significant efforts and are successful in pu ing available information online and providing users with complete access to online library resources and services Several academic library Web sites have employed innovative features that bring users closer to what libraries have to offer and encourage some level of user engagement (see table 1) However the universe of information presented on academic library homepages still focuses on library functions requires numerous pathways for access has overwhelming options and takes a ldquoone-design-for-allrdquo approach that fails to recognize users as individuals In addition few current academic library Web sites offer op-portunities for users to create and share user-generated content

FIGURE 2Conceptual Model Part 1 ndash Library Homepage

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[User type] Undergraduate Students

[User type] Friends amp Visitors

[User type] Graduate Students

[User type] Faculty amp Staff

[Quick Link] Login to My Library Space

[Features] Top news Top used resources hellip Search hellip

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

onta

ct

Us

4-bo

x on

the

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ck L

inks

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s Le

ctur

esP

rogr

ams

Serv

ices

Exh

ibi-

tions

3 co

lum

ns

Podc

ast (

Libr

ary

New

s Aud

io)

Kno

wle

dge

Ban

k (li

brar

y in

fo)

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

Ohi

o U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Col

lect

ions

Inf

oQ

uick

Sea

rch

(Boo

ks V

ideo

s A

rticl

es)

New

s 2

colu

mns

clic

k-to

-cha

nge

tabs

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Info

Tree

(agg

rega

ted

hier

arch

ical

re

sour

ce li

st)

74

U o

f Okl

ahom

a A

nnou

ncem

ents

Get

ting

Star

tedhellip

Whe

re C

an I

Find

hellip

Cal

l Num

ber L

ocat

ions

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s Po

rtals

by

user

type

2

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mns

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n se

ctio

ns b

yca

tego

ry

RSS

new

s R

SS n

ew b

ooks

amp n

ewel

ectro

nic

reso

urce

s K

now

ledg

eB

ase

Virt

ual T

our

75

Okl

ahom

a St

ate

U

Find

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rces

by

form

at)

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e A

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ews

Arti

cle

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ck S

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h M

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r lin

ks b

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ry

76

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f Ore

gon

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ch (d

iffer

ent f

orm

ats b

y ch

angi

ng ta

b) F

ind

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ourc

-es

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tanc

e S

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ut N

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mns

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gory

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f Pen

nsyl

vani

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arch

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ine

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p S

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cts

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arie

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ount

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hts

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r cha

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dy w

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r aut

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ired)

78

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sylv

ania

Sta

te U

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og B

ooks

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ore

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cles

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ore

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ices

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et H

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r lin

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egor

y

79

U o

f Pitt

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gh

Find

Boo

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ver-

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tions

col

umns

by c

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ory

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n th

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ain

body

mou

se-o

ver n

avig

atio

n82

Q

ueen

rsquos U

R

esea

rch

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s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ries a

t Que

enrsquos

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p

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rch

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lum

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gory

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e U

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atal

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artm

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ews

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se-o

ver l

inks

by

cate

gory

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f Roc

hest

er

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) C

atal

og S

earc

h B

orro

win

gLi

brar

y In

form

atio

n N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

gers

U

Qui

ck L

inks

with

mou

se-o

ver t

o fu

rther

link

s A

sk A

Li-

brar

ian

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rs amp

Dire

ctio

ns S

earc

h W

eb si

te S

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dex

N

ews amp

Eve

nts

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lum

ns

86

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f Sas

katc

hew

an

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ourc

es Y

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nt H

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rary

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peci

ally

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New

s amp E

vent

s U

nive

rsity

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rnin

gC

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r Po

rtals

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user

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ed c

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kmar

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r New

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gs (e

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87

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f Sou

th C

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form

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ure

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raph

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ois U

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92

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Find

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p N

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blog

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Find

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vice

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hnol

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t In

side

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arie

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hatrsquos

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er ty

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gory

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chin

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

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rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

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ks E

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earc

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p-po

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Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

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oogl

e Sc

hola

r U

nder

grad

uate

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g

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Porta

lmdashun

iver

sity

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por

tal

96

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s Tec

h U

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ooks

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ore

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ls b

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pe)

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eral

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p

mix

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ver l

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p R

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tles

Pop

ular

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nnov

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rch

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rvic

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y ca

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ary

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rs T

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y U

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iver

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ty W

eb p

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l 10

0 Va

nder

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Find

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ks amp

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se L

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p w

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rch

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ach

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101

U o

f Virg

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ener

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ect G

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ck S

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atal

og S

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h Si

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ed m

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ksun

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ajor

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nth

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ary

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eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

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for

stud

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102

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h Fi

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rces

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form

at)

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Hel

p A

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y ca

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ldquoM

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of W

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rces

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og H

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do Ihellip

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lum

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Was

hing

ton

Stat

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Ren

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orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

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t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

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ore

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in to

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ary

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ount

s R

efer

ence

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rces

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mp

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t Res

earc

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ow d

o Ihellip

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vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

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alog

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rch

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s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 7: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

12 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

FIGURE 3 Conceptual Model Part 2 ndash Portal Page for Undergraduate Students

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome [university name] Undergraduate Students

Library Research bull What you need to know about Library Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore library resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

Login to My Library Space Email [entry box] Password [entry box] Login [Button] Create [Button] I forgot my password [Link]

Featured Library Spaces [Thumbnails below] Featured undergraduate student spaces Featured graduate student spaces Featured faculty spaces Featured community spaces

Internet Research bull What you need to know about Internet Research [Information Literacy]

bull Explore Internet resources [list] bull I need help [FAQ and contacts]

ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo [Learn about new research toolsstrategies]

To capitalize on the insights of a vari-ety of information professionals on the Web 20 culture and to take action on these observations I propose making the academic library Web site a virtual place and recommend a three-part conceptual model described in details below Before beginning I would like to note that the suggested model only demonstrates what users might want Technological details usability testing and privacyliability is-sues need to be further explored beyond this paper

Library Homepage Reduce the intimidating appearance of library homepagesrsquo by using as li le text and linking as possible to convey only the most necessary access points and by employing an appealing graphical design that accommodates usability and acces-sibility requirements I suggest using a portal approach where users first identify themselves as belonging to one of several

general groups (for example graduate students or undergraduate students) Each group-specific portal would then lead a user to a specific set of resources customized for the group Label each portal with a graphic or a color Figure 2 illustrates the first part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a li-brary homepage (graphics and colors are not applied in this illustration)

Library Portal Page Once a group-specific portal page is se-lected a user may navigate among a cus-tomized set of resources or may choose to create or log in to a personal library space Figure 3 illustrates the second part of the conceptual model and provides an example of a library portal page for the user group of undergraduate students

Content in the le main body is adjust-ed accordingly For example on a portal page for the user group of faculty and staff that portion of the page could be a list of

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

onta

ct

Us

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

25

Col

umbi

a U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Req

uest

Ask

Us

Usi

ng th

e Li

brar

ies

New

s Sp

otlig

ht I

nfor

mat

ion

forhellip

(por

tals

by

user

type

)Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

26

U o

f Con

nect

icut

Se

arch

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es C

olle

ctio

ns U

sing

the

Libr

ary

A

bout

the

Libr

ary

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks S

peci

al L

ibra

ries

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

for hellip

3 co

lum

ns

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

by

subj

ect o

r by

cam

pus

Sav

e cu

stom

izat

ion

27

Cor

nell

U

Find

it (

reso

urce

s by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Ins

truct

ion

Tech

nica

l Sup

port

Insi

de L

ibra

ry Q

uick

Lin

ks H

ow d

o I

findhellip

Ann

ounc

emen

ts E

xhib

ition

s (di

gita

l col

lect

ions

)

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry in

the

mai

nbo

dy w

ith si

de b

ars

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 19

28

Dar

tmou

th C

olle

ge

Sear

chB

row

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut th

e Li

brar

y H

ow

do Ihellip

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

Lin

ks F

eatu

red

Site

s Li

brar

y N

ews

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith le

ftsi

de b

ar

ldquoSea

rch

360rdquo

(sea

rch

artic

les w

ithin

sele

cted

reso

urce

s)

29

U D

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63

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e Fi

nder

Hig

hlig

hts

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r cha

ng-

ing

tabs

on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Penn

Tags

(use

r aut

hent

icat

ion

requ

ired)

78

Penn

sylv

ania

Sta

te U

C

atal

og B

ooks

amp M

ore

Arti

cles

amp M

ore

E-R

esou

rce

List

Res

earc

h To

ols

Serv

ices

Abo

ut L

ocat

ions

amp H

ours

G

et H

elp

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s etc

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y

79

U o

f Pitt

sbur

gh

Find

Boo

ks A

rticl

es amp

Mor

e L

ibra

ries

Serv

ices

Uni

ver-

sity

Lib

rary

Sys

tem

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Lin

ks

Hor

izon

tal s

ectio

ns b

y ca

t-eg

ory

80

Prin

ceto

n U

B

ooks

Arti

cles

amp M

ore

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Sp

otlig

ht amp

New

s 2

horiz

onta

l sec

tions

col

umns

by c

ateg

ory

on m

ain

body

R

SS n

ews

81

Purd

ue U

C

atal

og K

ey R

esou

rces

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry o

n th

e m

ain

body

mou

se-o

ver n

avig

atio

n82

Q

ueen

rsquos U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ries a

t Que

enrsquos

Hel

p

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

boxe

s by

cate

gory

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

83

Ric

e U

C

atal

og C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Gen

eral

Info

Dep

artm

ents

N

ews

Mou

se-o

ver l

inks

by

cate

gory

84

U o

f Roc

hest

er

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) C

atal

og S

earc

h B

orro

win

gLi

brar

y In

form

atio

n N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

gers

U

Qui

ck L

inks

with

mou

se-o

ver t

o fu

rther

link

s A

sk A

Li-

brar

ian

Hou

rs amp

Dire

ctio

ns S

earc

h W

eb si

te S

ite In

dex

N

ews amp

Eve

nts

3 co

lum

ns

86

U o

f Sas

katc

hew

an

Find

Res

ourc

es Y

our A

ccou

nt H

elp

Lib

rary

Info

rmat

ion

Es

peci

ally

forhellip

New

s amp E

vent

s U

nive

rsity

Lea

rnin

gC

ente

r Po

rtals

by

user

type

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

Your

Boo

kmar

ks R

SS fo

r New

B

ooks

Blo

gs (e

-Res

ourc

es N

ews)

87

U o

f Sou

th C

arol

ina

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

ary

Ass

ista

nce

Ser

vice

s In

form

atio

n fo

rhellip S

potli

ght o

nhellip Q

uick

Lin

ks to

Lib

rary

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

boxe

s by

cate

gory

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

88

U o

f Sou

ther

n C

ali-

forn

ia

New

at U

SC L

ibra

ries

Libr

arie

s Su

bjec

t Are

as C

olle

c-tio

ns A

bout

the

Libr

arie

s Sp

otlig

ht Q

uick

Lin

ks Q

uick

Se

arch

in S

ubje

cts

3 co

lum

ns f

eatu

ring

New

at

the

USC

Lib

rarie

s on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Feat

ure

ldquoNew

at U

SC L

ibra

riesrdquo

on

the

mai

n bo

dy G

raph

ical

des

ign

89

Sout

hern

Illin

ois U

C

arbo

ndal

e W

elco

me

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Ren

ovat

ion

G

ivin

g H

ours

Hel

p C

onta

ct S

item

ap

3 co

lum

ns

Syst

em p

ower

ed b

y Pl

one

(an

open

sour

ce C

MS)

RSS

new

s90

St

ony

Bro

ok U

O

nlin

e R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Bra

nche

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns H

elp

How

do

Ihellip G

oogl

e Se

arch

Qui

ck L

inks

2

colu

mns

the

n bo

xes b

yca

tego

ry o

n th

e m

ain

body

G

oogl

e Se

arch

91

Syra

cuse

U

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cle

Fin

d Jo

urna

ls D

igita

l Lib

rary

Fi

nd A

Lib

raria

n F

ind

Fact

s Fi

nd R

eser

ves

Oth

er L

ibra

r-ie

s C

itatio

n Su

ppor

t A

bout

Us

Serv

ices

Hel

p Q

uick

Se

arch

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) N

ews

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed c

ol-

umns

and

sect

ions

92

Tem

ple

U

Find

Arti

cles

Boo

ks M

ovie

s amp M

ore

Ser

vice

s A

bout

A

rchi

ves amp

Col

lect

ions

Get

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

N

ews amp

Eve

nts p

ower

ed b

y a

blog

93

U o

f Ten

ness

ee

Find

Info

rmat

ion

Use

Our

Ser

vice

s G

et H

elp

Tec

hnol

-og

y Su

ppor

t In

side

the

Libr

arie

s W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck

Sear

ch P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe (i

n ldquoS

ervi

cesrdquo

3 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

R

SS n

ews

The

Tea

chin

g Li

brar

y

94

U o

f Tex

as a

t Aus

tin

Qui

ck L

inks

Abo

ut R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es R

esou

rces

fo

r You

For

Stu

dent

s Fo

r Fac

ulty

Sta

ff G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

UTO

PIA

Por

tals

by

user

type

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS n

ews

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

Sea

rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

Boo

ks E

-Jou

r-na

ls I

ndex

esD

atab

ases

) N

ews

Serv

ice

Res

earc

h Su

p-po

rt C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Giv

ing

Hel

p M

y Po

rtal

3 co

lum

ns

Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r U

nder

grad

uate

Info

Blo

g

My

Porta

lmdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

96

Texa

s Tec

h U

Fi

nd B

ooks

amp M

ore

Fin

d A

rticl

es L

ibra

ry In

fo R

efer

-en

ce T

ools

Ask

A L

ibra

rian

Res

earc

h A

Top

ic Q

uick

Li

nks t

o an

d Li

st o

f Dat

abas

es O

n th

e si

demdash

Res

earc

hSe

rvic

es A

bout

Giv

e C

ompu

ting

Site

map

New

s E-

Res

ourc

e St

atus

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

Li

brar

y ho

urs o

f the

day

Lib

rary

hour

s in

a ca

lend

ar V

irtua

l Tou

r ldquoW

hat S

tude

nts a

re sa

ying

abo

utLI

BR

1100

helliprdquo

(stu

dent

quo

te o

n lib

rary

trai

ning

) 97

U

of T

oron

to

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Sea

rch

Arti

cles

(e-J

ourn

als

All

e-re

sour

ces)

Too

ls N

ews

New

Titl

eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

Info

Hel

p

mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

mou

se-o

ver l

inks

at t

he to

p R

SS n

ew ti

tles

Pop

ular

link

s M

yTo

ols

Rat

e th

is p

age

m

ost i

nnov

a-tiv

e de

sign

98

Tula

ne U

R

esea

rch

Hel

p amp

Gui

danc

e A

bout

Hel

p N

ews

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

99

Uta

h U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ry In

form

atio

n C

olle

c-tio

ns A

sk U

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Hou

rs T

oday

ldquoU

nreq

uire

d R

eadi

ngrdquo

ldquoM

y U

tah

edurdquo

mdashun

iver

-si

ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Get

Hel

p w

ith R

esea

rch

New

sQ

uick

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alog

Sea

rch

Qui

ck L

inks

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

Fe

atur

ed it

em u

nder

eac

h m

ain

cate

gory

col

or c

ode

for e

ach

mai

nca

tego

ry

101

U o

f Virg

inia

G

ener

al In

fo C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Subj

ect G

uide

sN

ews

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og S

earc

h Si

te e

tc

Mix

ed m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksun

der m

ajor

cat

egor

ies o

nth

e le

ft

The

Libr

ary

Vid

eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

for

stud

ents

102

Virg

inia

Tec

h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

mpu

s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

Trdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

ashi

ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

ite O

ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

3 co

lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

Inte

rlibr

ary

Loan

s O

ther

Lib

rary

Cat

alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Lin

ks W

hatrsquos

New

3 co

lum

ns G

raph

ical

des

ign

RSS

new

s G

raph

ical

des

ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

Star

t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 8: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 13

links to the libraryrsquos catalog or the libraryrsquos federated searching system (ideally feder-ated searching is an aggregated search of all library resources such as catalogs research databases digital collections and so on) an e-journals list a databases list a scholarly Internet resources list a scholarly publishers list a subject librarians list and the ldquoDiscovery Channelrdquo (that is a themed section for users to learn about new research toolsstrategies)

To create a personal library space a user would need to enter basic required information such as name e-mail and user type Once a user account is created and authentication is completed a user may then create a profile to list optional information such as college department major year in school specialization re-search interests personal interests and ldquoWhat I most use the library forhelliprdquo

ldquoMy Library Spacerdquo My Library Space is a one-stop informa-tion environment for an individual user and provides a combined set of informa-tion technology tools for use A user may customize the interface and select what toolslinks to usedisplay in the space according to personal need Within My Library Space a user can save and ac-cess preferred library resources interact with others using preferred tools (such as instant messaging e-mail and bulletin board) work with datadocumentation online create and share content (using blog wiki or podcast) and integrate schoolwork activities A user may wish to create a personal library space for either or both of the rich user experiences and the ldquoone-stop-shoppingrdquo capabilities it provides Figure 4 illustrates the last part of the conceptual model and provides an

FIGURE 4 Conceptual Model Part 3 ndash My Library Space

1 Learning Management System such as WebCT Blackboard 2 a digital media file or a series of such files that is distributed over the Internet using syndica-tion feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers see httpenwikipedia orgwikiPodcast 3 newly published spaces by other library users

[Library Banner]

[Global Navigation possibility - direct links to library resources by subject list most popular subjects and use ldquomorehelliprdquo to link to a complete subject list]

[Text] Welcome XXX [a userrsquos first name] Now XX users online my friends xxx xxx xxx xxx hellip [click a name to open online chat]

Customize my space [link or button] My Favorite Library ToolsResources My Saved Searches My Library Collections [use tagging here] My Multimedia [multimedia tools and resources] My Online Classes [link to LMS1] My Work Space [work with datadocuments online] My School Calendar My School Email My Portfolio My Events My Bulletin Board

My Published Space My Blogs My Wiki Space My RSS List My Podcasts2

My Tags Friendsrsquo Spaces New Spaces3

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

onta

ct

Us

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

25

Col

umbi

a U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Req

uest

Ask

Us

Usi

ng th

e Li

brar

ies

New

s Sp

otlig

ht I

nfor

mat

ion

forhellip

(por

tals

by

user

type

)Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

26

U o

f Con

nect

icut

Se

arch

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es C

olle

ctio

ns U

sing

the

Libr

ary

A

bout

the

Libr

ary

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks S

peci

al L

ibra

ries

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

for hellip

3 co

lum

ns

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

by

subj

ect o

r by

cam

pus

Sav

e cu

stom

izat

ion

27

Cor

nell

U

Find

it (

reso

urce

s by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Ins

truct

ion

Tech

nica

l Sup

port

Insi

de L

ibra

ry Q

uick

Lin

ks H

ow d

o I

findhellip

Ann

ounc

emen

ts E

xhib

ition

s (di

gita

l col

lect

ions

)

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry in

the

mai

nbo

dy w

ith si

de b

ars

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 19

28

Dar

tmou

th C

olle

ge

Sear

chB

row

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut th

e Li

brar

y H

ow

do Ihellip

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

Lin

ks F

eatu

red

Site

s Li

brar

y N

ews

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith le

ftsi

de b

ar

ldquoSea

rch

360rdquo

(sea

rch

artic

les w

ithin

sele

cted

reso

urce

s)

29

U D

elaw

are

Info

rmat

ion

Ser

vice

s R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des A

to Z

(Q

uick

link

s) P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe t

op n

avig

atio

n H

oriz

onta

l sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y w

ith le

ft si

de b

ar30

D

uke

U

Libr

ary

New

s R

esea

rch

Lib

rary

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Us

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Sea

rch

Top

nav

igat

ion

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

31

Emor

y U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Bra

nch

libra

ry li

nks

Arc

hive

s D

igita

l Li

brar

y Pr

ogra

ms

Pres

erva

tion

Offi

ce P

orta

ls b

y us

er

type

Res

ourc

es

2 co

lum

ns

32

U o

f Flo

rida

Find

Ser

vice

s A

bout

New

s Q

uick

cat

alog

sear

ch R

e-se

arch

Gat

eway

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

33

Flor

ida

Stat

e U

A

bout

Ser

vice

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s A

cade

mic

Web

Sea

rch

Li

brar

ies C

atal

og R

esou

rces

amp S

ervi

ces f

orhellip

E-R

e-so

urce

s by

Subj

ect

Mos

t Use

d D

atab

ases

Gen

eral

E-R

e-so

urce

s Tu

toria

ls N

ews

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed se

c-tio

ns

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

Win

dow

s Liv

e B

eta

(Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic

Use

r au

then

ticat

ion

requ

ired)

34

Geo

rge

Was

hing

ton

U

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h R

esea

rch

Porta

l A

rticl

e Q

uick

Se

arch

E-J

ourn

als

Serv

ices

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ask

A L

i-br

aria

n N

ews

Spec

ializ

ed C

olle

ctio

ns o

ther

Lin

ks

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

35

Geo

rget

own

U

Cat

alog

s D

atab

ases

Jou

rnal

Fin

der

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ser

-vi

ces

Mor

e in

form

atio

n fo

rhellip N

ews

othe

r lin

ks

3 co

lum

ns

36

U o

f Geo

rgia

C

atal

og D

atab

ases

E-J

ourn

als

Spec

ial C

olle

ctio

ns

Dig

ital L

ibra

ry R

esea

rch

Gui

de G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fi

nd

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es A

bout

New

s amp E

vent

s

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

37

Geo

rgia

Tec

h A

bout

Sea

rch

amp L

ocat

e B

orro

w amp

Ord

er C

ours

e R

e-se

rves

Res

earc

h H

elp

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Qui

ck L

inks

Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry t

hen

verti

cal l

ocal

navi

gatio

n an

d ho

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ks to

Lib

rary

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

boxe

s by

cate

gory

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

88

U o

f Sou

ther

n C

ali-

forn

ia

New

at U

SC L

ibra

ries

Libr

arie

s Su

bjec

t Are

as C

olle

c-tio

ns A

bout

the

Libr

arie

s Sp

otlig

ht Q

uick

Lin

ks Q

uick

Se

arch

in S

ubje

cts

3 co

lum

ns f

eatu

ring

New

at

the

USC

Lib

rarie

s on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Feat

ure

ldquoNew

at U

SC L

ibra

riesrdquo

on

the

mai

n bo

dy G

raph

ical

des

ign

89

Sout

hern

Illin

ois U

C

arbo

ndal

e W

elco

me

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Ren

ovat

ion

G

ivin

g H

ours

Hel

p C

onta

ct S

item

ap

3 co

lum

ns

Syst

em p

ower

ed b

y Pl

one

(an

open

sour

ce C

MS)

RSS

new

s90

St

ony

Bro

ok U

O

nlin

e R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Bra

nche

s amp C

olle

c-tio

ns H

elp

How

do

Ihellip G

oogl

e Se

arch

Qui

ck L

inks

2

colu

mns

the

n bo

xes b

yca

tego

ry o

n th

e m

ain

body

G

oogl

e Se

arch

91

Syra

cuse

U

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cle

Fin

d Jo

urna

ls D

igita

l Lib

rary

Fi

nd A

Lib

raria

n F

ind

Fact

s Fi

nd R

eser

ves

Oth

er L

ibra

r-ie

s C

itatio

n Su

ppor

t A

bout

Us

Serv

ices

Hel

p Q

uick

Se

arch

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) N

ews

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed c

ol-

umns

and

sect

ions

92

Tem

ple

U

Find

Arti

cles

Boo

ks M

ovie

s amp M

ore

Ser

vice

s A

bout

A

rchi

ves amp

Col

lect

ions

Get

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

N

ews amp

Eve

nts p

ower

ed b

y a

blog

93

U o

f Ten

ness

ee

Find

Info

rmat

ion

Use

Our

Ser

vice

s G

et H

elp

Tec

hnol

-og

y Su

ppor

t In

side

the

Libr

arie

s W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck

Sear

ch P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe (i

n ldquoS

ervi

cesrdquo

3 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

R

SS n

ews

The

Tea

chin

g Li

brar

y

94

U o

f Tex

as a

t Aus

tin

Qui

ck L

inks

Abo

ut R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es R

esou

rces

fo

r You

For

Stu

dent

s Fo

r Fac

ulty

Sta

ff G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

UTO

PIA

Por

tals

by

user

type

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS n

ews

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

Sea

rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

Boo

ks E

-Jou

r-na

ls I

ndex

esD

atab

ases

) N

ews

Serv

ice

Res

earc

h Su

p-po

rt C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Giv

ing

Hel

p M

y Po

rtal

3 co

lum

ns

Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r U

nder

grad

uate

Info

Blo

g

My

Porta

lmdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

96

Texa

s Tec

h U

Fi

nd B

ooks

amp M

ore

Fin

d A

rticl

es L

ibra

ry In

fo R

efer

-en

ce T

ools

Ask

A L

ibra

rian

Res

earc

h A

Top

ic Q

uick

Li

nks t

o an

d Li

st o

f Dat

abas

es O

n th

e si

demdash

Res

earc

hSe

rvic

es A

bout

Giv

e C

ompu

ting

Site

map

New

s E-

Res

ourc

e St

atus

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

Li

brar

y ho

urs o

f the

day

Lib

rary

hour

s in

a ca

lend

ar V

irtua

l Tou

r ldquoW

hat S

tude

nts a

re sa

ying

abo

utLI

BR

1100

helliprdquo

(stu

dent

quo

te o

n lib

rary

trai

ning

) 97

U

of T

oron

to

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Sea

rch

Arti

cles

(e-J

ourn

als

All

e-re

sour

ces)

Too

ls N

ews

New

Titl

eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

Info

Hel

p

mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

mou

se-o

ver l

inks

at t

he to

p R

SS n

ew ti

tles

Pop

ular

link

s M

yTo

ols

Rat

e th

is p

age

m

ost i

nnov

a-tiv

e de

sign

98

Tula

ne U

R

esea

rch

Hel

p amp

Gui

danc

e A

bout

Hel

p N

ews

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

99

Uta

h U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ry In

form

atio

n C

olle

c-tio

ns A

sk U

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Hou

rs T

oday

ldquoU

nreq

uire

d R

eadi

ngrdquo

ldquoM

y U

tah

edurdquo

mdashun

iver

-si

ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Get

Hel

p w

ith R

esea

rch

New

sQ

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

Qui

ck L

inks

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

Fe

atur

ed it

em u

nder

eac

h m

ain

cate

gory

col

or c

ode

for e

ach

mai

nca

tego

ry

101

U o

f Virg

inia

G

ener

al In

fo C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Subj

ect G

uide

sN

ews

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og S

earc

h Si

te e

tc

Mix

ed m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksun

der m

ajor

cat

egor

ies o

nth

e le

ft

The

Libr

ary

Vid

eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

for

stud

ents

102

Virg

inia

Tec

h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

mpu

s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

Trdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

ashi

ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

ite O

ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

3 co

lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

Inte

rlibr

ary

Loan

s O

ther

Lib

rary

Cat

alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Lin

ks W

hatrsquos

New

3 co

lum

ns G

raph

ical

des

ign

RSS

new

s G

raph

ical

des

ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

Star

t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 9: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

14 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

example of a My Library Space regardless of user type

This conceptual model demonstrates ways in which Web 20 principles might be incorporated into future academic li-brary Web site design The recommended design will provide an efficient flexible and user-oriented interface and thus minimize the distance between users and library resourcesservices This effort will require collaborative experimentation among librarians and information tech-nology professionals The back-end work will be extensive demanding continuous creativity and exploration Meanwhile the convenience and rich experiences we offer users will be very rewarding

Based on this conceptual model fu-ture academic library web sites might feature

1 User focus focus on library users by presenting library resources in a targeted and customized manner

2 Personalization recognize library users as individuals by giving them op-portunities to configure their own library interfaces and to select tools and content based on personal needs

3 User engagement provide suffi-cient tools to allow and encourage library users in content creation and exchange

4 Online communities nurture the development of online communities by connecting individuals through online publishing and sharing tools such as blogs wikis podcasting and tagging

5 Remixability employ a mashup ap-

proach to aggregate current and emerging information technologies to provide li-brary users with opportunities to explore new possibilities to discover and work with information resources

Conclusion Rachel Singer Gordon states ldquoL2 (Library 20) recognizes that each library imple-ments technology and services in ways appropriate to its community We all start from different points and have different needs Embrace this one-size-doesnrsquot-fit-all approachrdquo28 In conclusion future academic library Web sites should

bull switch the focus from presenting information arranged according to library functions and resources to providing tar-geted and customizable tools and services to library users

bull design a seamless one-stop in-formation environment that minimizes usersrsquo way-finding effort and nurtures the formation and dissemination of knowledge ideas and experiences and

bull respond to usersrsquo changing needs and give users opportunities to express share and learn

The OCLC College Studentsrsquo Per-ceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report to the OCLC Mem-bership (2005) pointed out that ldquoIt is time to rejuvenate the lsquoLibraryrsquo brandrdquo29

The opportunity to be responsive to the changing information environment and rejuvenate academic library Web sites is now in our hands

Notes

1 Brian Detlor and Vivian Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sites Current Practice and Future Directionsrdquo Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 no 3 (2006) 251ndash58

2 Chuck Thomas and Robert H McDonald ldquoMillennial Net Value(s) Disconnects Between Libraries and the Information Age Mindsetrdquo (Aug 15 2005) Florida State University D-Scholarship Repository Article 4 Available online at h pdscholarshiplibfsuedugeneral4 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

3 Thomas Frey ldquoThe Future of Libraries Beginning the Great Transformationrdquo Available online at h pwwwdavinciinstitutecompagephpID=120 [Accessed 23 July 2007]

4 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20 Design Pa erns and Business Models for the Next Generation of So warerdquo (2005) Available online at wwworeillynetcompubaoreillytim news20050930what-is-web-20html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

5 Tim OrsquoReilly ldquoWeb 20 Compact Definition Trying Againrdquo (2006) Available online at h pradaroreillycomarchives200612web_20_compacthtml [Accessed 23 July 2007]

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

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63

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85

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BR

1100

helliprdquo

(stu

dent

quo

te o

n lib

rary

trai

ning

) 97

U

of T

oron

to

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Sea

rch

Arti

cles

(e-J

ourn

als

All

e-re

sour

ces)

Too

ls N

ews

New

Titl

eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

Info

Hel

p

mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

mou

se-o

ver l

inks

at t

he to

p R

SS n

ew ti

tles

Pop

ular

link

s M

yTo

ols

Rat

e th

is p

age

m

ost i

nnov

a-tiv

e de

sign

98

Tula

ne U

R

esea

rch

Hel

p amp

Gui

danc

e A

bout

Hel

p N

ews

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

99

Uta

h U

R

esea

rch

Tool

s Se

rvic

es L

ibra

ry In

form

atio

n C

olle

c-tio

ns A

sk U

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Hou

rs T

oday

ldquoU

nreq

uire

d R

eadi

ngrdquo

ldquoM

y U

tah

edurdquo

mdashun

iver

-si

ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Get

Hel

p w

ith R

esea

rch

New

sQ

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

Qui

ck L

inks

2 co

lum

ns b

oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

Fe

atur

ed it

em u

nder

eac

h m

ain

cate

gory

col

or c

ode

for e

ach

mai

nca

tego

ry

101

U o

f Virg

inia

G

ener

al In

fo C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Subj

ect G

uide

sN

ews

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og S

earc

h Si

te e

tc

Mix

ed m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksun

der m

ajor

cat

egor

ies o

nth

e le

ft

The

Libr

ary

Vid

eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

for

stud

ents

102

Virg

inia

Tec

h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

mpu

s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

Trdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

ashi

ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Qui

ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

ite O

ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

3 co

lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

Inte

rlibr

ary

Loan

s O

ther

Lib

rary

Cat

alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Lin

ks W

hatrsquos

New

3 co

lum

ns G

raph

ical

des

ign

RSS

new

s G

raph

ical

des

ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

Star

t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 10: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 15

6 ARL member libraries Available online at wwwarlorgmembershtml [Accessed 4 De-cember 2006]

7 Detlor and Lewis ldquoAcademic Library Web Sitesrdquo 251ndash58 8 University of British Columbia University of California at Los Angeles Columbia Univer-

sity Iowa State University University of Southern California and Washington State University 9 See the Wikipedia entry on RSS Available online at h penwikipediaorgwikiRSS_

(file_format) [Accessed 23 July 2007] 10 University of California at Davis University of Iowa North Carolina State University and

University of Toronto 11 University of Arizona University of British Columbia McGill University Louisiana State

University Texas AampM University University of Utah Virginia Tech Wayne State University and Washington State University

12 University of Alabama Brigham Young University Colorado State University Florida State University University of Georgia Howard University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Texas at Austin Texas AampM University and Wayne State University Google Scholar search engine Available online at h pscholargooglecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

13 Texas AampM University and Florida State University Windows Live Academic search engine Available online at h pacademiclivecom [Accessed 23 July 2007]

14 OrsquoReilly ldquoWhat Is Web 20rdquo 15 Ibid 16 Ibid 17 Available online at h pdelicious [Accessed 23 July 2007] 18 Available online at wwwflickrcom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 19 Available online at wwwapplecomitunes [Accessed 23 July 2007] 20 Information available online at wwwtivocom [Accessed 23 July 2007] 21 Jesse James Garre ldquoAjax A New Approach to Web Applicationsrdquo Adaptive Path (Feb

18 2005) Available online at h padaptivepathcompublicationsessaysarchives000385php [Accessed 23 July 2007]

22 Karen Coombs ldquoPlanning for Now and Thenrdquo Library Journal 131 (2006) 2ndash3 23 Doug Achterman ldquoMaking Connections with Blogs and Wikisrdquo CSLA Journal 30 no 1

(2006) 29ndash31 24 Elizabeth Yakel ldquoInviting the User into the Virtual Archivesrdquo OCLC Systems amp Services 22

no 3 (2006) 159ndash63 25 Jack M Maness ldquoLibrary 20 Theory Web 20 and Its Implications for Librariesrdquo Webology

3 no 2 (2006) Article 25 Available online at wwwwebologyir2006v3n2a25html [Accessed 23 July 2007]

26 Edward J Maloney ldquoWhat Web 20 Can Teach Us about Learningrdquo The Chronicle of Higher Education 53 no 18 (2007) B26ndash27

27 University of Houston Libraries ldquoUH Libraries Strategic Directions 2006ndash2010rdquo (July 2006) Available online at h pinfolibuhedustrategic_directionspdf [Accessed 23 July 2007]

28 Rachel Singer Gordon ldquoWhat Will You Do Todayrdquo Library Journal 131 no 17 (2006) 43 29 OCLC ldquoCollege Studentsrsquo Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources A Report

to the OCLC Membershiprdquo (2005) Available online at wwwoclcorgreportsperceptionscollege htm [Accessed 23 July 2007]

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

ews

Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

ideo

s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

rtal

Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

esou

rces

Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

mns

div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

uest

ion

of th

e w

eek

8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

uick

link

s ab

out

how

to hellip

ser

vice

s lib

rarie

s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

ews

Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

ctio

ns

2 co

lum

ns t

abs o

n th

e le

ftho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns o

n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

Bet

ardquo (l

ibra

ry n

ew p

roje

cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

igat

ion

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

my

UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

rsity

Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

e Sp

otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

osia

hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

es L

ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

igat

ion

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut F

ind

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Q

uick

Lin

ks N

ews

Cur

rent

Exh

ibits

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Qui

ck S

earc

h to

pna

viga

tion

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

es (C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

es)

Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

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63

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85

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

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alog

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esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 11: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

16 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

APPENDIX 1

ARL Homepages Investigated December 4ndash8 2006 last updated March 7 2007

No

Institution

Major Contents

Page Layout

Features

1 U

of A

laba

ma

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

arch

Ser

vice

s A

bout

N

ews

Ask

a L

ibra

rian

Vie

w A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te P

orta

ls

by u

ser t

ype

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r

2 U

at A

lban

y SU

NY

In

fo amp

Ser

vice

s R

esea

rch

Tool

s H

elp

New

s amp E

vent

s 3

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

3 U

of A

lber

ta

Bro

wse

by

Subj

ect

Feat

ured

Ser

vice

s C

atal

og S

earc

h an

dot

her t

abs

New

s amp o

ther

tabs

(Dig

itize

d C

olle

ctio

ns)

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

4 U

of A

rizon

a Se

arch

amp F

ind

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Hel

p N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Affi

liate

d Si

tes (

Web

Exh

ibits

) C

entra

l Sea

rch

My

Ac -

coun

t

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

RSS

New

s

5 A

rizon

a St

ate

U

Find

(res

ourc

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rmat

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rvic

es R

esea

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Ass

ista

nce

A

bout

Hel

p O

ther

ASU

Lin

ks C

atal

og Q

uick

Sea

rch

M

y A

ccou

nt S

earc

h Si

te N

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Exhi

bits

The

Lib

rary

C

hann

el

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

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y ca

tego

ry

The

Libr

ary

Cha

nnel

- Po

dcas

ts

Aud

io T

ours

Stre

amin

g V

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s R

SS

New

s M

yASU

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

po

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Oth

er A

SU L

inks

(Bla

ck-

boar

d E

MM

A e

tc)

6 A

ubur

n U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut W

hatrsquos

New

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

link

s Se

arch

Cat

alog

4-

box

on th

e m

ain

body

with

side

bar

7

Bos

ton

Col

lege

N

ews amp

Fea

ture

s Q

uick

Sea

rche

s R

esea

rch

Hel

p S

er-

vice

s R

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Abo

ut A

sk a

Lib

raria

n 2

colu

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div

ided

eve

nly

4-

box

with

in th

e rig

ht c

olum

n Q

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of th

e w

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8 B

osto

n U

C

atal

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h F

ind

artic

les

eJou

rnal

Loc

ator

Fin

d bo

oks

Res

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Sub

ject

Ref

eren

ce S

helf

New

sQ

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out

how

to hellip

ser

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s lib

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s Se

arch

(Cat

alog

Lib

rary

Web

BU

Web

)

2 ho

rizon

tal s

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mns

9 B

righa

m Y

oung

U

Find

Arti

cles

Fin

d B

ooks

Fin

d O

ther

Mat

eria

ls S

ervi

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Abo

ut R

eser

vatio

ns M

orehellip

Bet

a Q

uick

Sta

rt N

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Uni

que

BY

U C

olle

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ns

2 co

lum

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abs o

n th

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ftho

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n th

e rig

ht

Blo

g ldquo

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ardquo (l

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ry n

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cts)

R

SS fo

r Bet

a lib

rary

pro

ject

s G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r B

lack

boar

d

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

U o

f Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a Fi

nd H

ow to

hellip R

esou

rces

by

Subj

ect

My

Libr

ary

Ac-

coun

t N

ews

Feat

ures

Por

tals

by

user

type

top

nav

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4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de b

ar

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n ldquo

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UB

C ldquo

mdashun

i-ve

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Web

por

tal

11

Bro

wn

U

Res

ourc

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otlig

ht D

igita

l Lib

rary

Ann

ounc

emen

ts

Qui

ck li

nks

Res

earc

h L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

For y

ou (p

orta

lsby

use

r typ

e) D

id Y

ou K

now

hellip Q

uick

Sea

rch

box

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith b

ot-

tom

bar

the

n co

lum

ns

ldquoMyJ

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hrdquo =

My

libra

ry a

ccou

nt

12

U a

t Buf

falo

SU

NY

Q

uick

Lin

ks L

ibra

ry In

fo C

atal

og S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Res

ourc

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ibra

ry N

ews amp

Ann

ounc

emen

ts H

ow d

o Ihellip

(Qui

ck li

nks)

top

nav

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2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

R

SS N

ews

13

U o

f Cal

iforn

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Ber

kele

y Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Cat

alog

s Se

rvic

es (p

orta

ls b

yus

er ty

pe)

Abo

ut H

elp

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s amp E

vent

s C

olum

ns b

y ca

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14

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Dav

is

Cat

alog

s amp D

atab

ases

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns S

ervi

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Abo

ut F

ind

(res

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y fo

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Lin

ks N

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Cur

rent

Exh

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Fea

ture

d R

esou

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Qui

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earc

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pna

viga

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3 co

lum

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horiz

onta

lse

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My

Sear

ch S

pace

15

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Irvi

ne

Onl

ine

Res

ourc

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atal

ogs

E-R

esou

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Sub

ject

Gui

des

Free

Res

ourc

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Serv

ices

Lib

rarie

s (in

fo)

How

to

Wha

trsquos N

ew S

potli

ght

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

Libr

ary

Publ

icat

ions

16

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia L

osA

ngel

es

Sear

ch amp

Fin

d S

ervi

ces

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

N

ews

Even

ts E

xhib

its Q

uick

sear

ch c

atal

og

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

17

U o

f Cal

iforn

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Riv

ersi

de

Boo

ks amp

Jour

nals

Fin

ding

Arti

cles

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s In

tern

et S

ites

Qui

ck S

earc

h F

eatu

red

Serv

ices

New

s ampEv

ents

Fea

ture

d R

esou

rces

Lib

rary

Hou

rs

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

RSS

New

s

18

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia S

anD

iego

C

atal

ogs

Abo

ut G

et S

tarte

d (r

esea

rch

guid

e) S

earc

h Si

te

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s amp E

vent

s 2

colu

mns

the

n ho

rizon

tal

sect

ions

by

cate

gory

19

U o

f Cal

iforn

ia

Sant

a B

arba

ra

Serv

ices

Cat

alog

s R

esea

rch

FA

Q H

ow d

o Ihellip

A

sk

a Li

brar

ian

Abo

ut S

earc

h (S

ite)

Popu

lar p

ages

(qui

ck

links

) Li

brar

y N

ews

Com

men

ts

3 co

lum

ns

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

este

rn

Res

erve

U

Libr

ary

Cat

alog

Lib

rarie

s R

esea

rch

Dat

abas

es E

lec-

troni

c B

ooks

and

Jour

nals

Cou

rse

Res

erve

s V

iew

Lib

rary

R

ecor

d Q

uick

Ref

eren

ce R

esou

rces

Ohi

oLIN

K Q

uick

Sear

ch

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns

21

U o

f Chi

cago

C

atal

ogs

Cou

rse

Mat

eria

ls E

lect

roni

c R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des

Cam

pus L

ibra

ries

Col

lect

ions

amp R

esea

rch

Cen

ters

Lib

rary

Acc

ess amp

Pol

icie

s Se

rvic

es amp

Fac

ilitie

s A

bout

Wha

trsquos N

ew A

sk a

Lib

raria

nSu

gges

tions

amp C

om-

men

ts H

ow d

o I fi

ndhellip

M

y A

ccou

nts

Hel

p

3 co

lum

ns

22

U o

f Cin

cinn

ati

Find

Boo

ks F

ind

Arti

cles

amp Jo

urna

ls F

ind

Med

ia S

peci

al

Col

lect

ions

Inf

orm

atio

n S

ervi

ces

Inst

ruct

ion

Hel

pQ

uick

Lin

ks R

esea

rch

Ass

ista

nce

Qui

ck S

earc

h N

ews

3 co

lum

ns

Inst

ruct

ion

by u

ser t

ype

23

U o

f Col

orad

o at

Bou

lder

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es A

bout

Ser

vice

s N

ews amp

Eve

nts

Qui

ck S

earc

h A

sk U

s Se

arch

Site

Abo

ut L

ibra

ries A

to

Z H

ow d

o Ihellip

Col

umns

by

cate

gory

24

Col

orad

o St

ate

U

Col

lect

ions

Fin

d (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Abo

ut

Us

New

s Q

uick

Sea

rch

Hel

p T

op n

avig

atio

n P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe A

to Z

Site

Map

Sea

rch

My

Acc

ount

s C

onta

ct

Us

4-bo

x on

the

mai

n bo

dy w

ithsi

de a

nd b

otto

m b

ars

25

Col

umbi

a U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns C

atal

ogs

E-R

esou

rces

Req

uest

Ask

Us

Usi

ng th

e Li

brar

ies

New

s Sp

otlig

ht I

nfor

mat

ion

forhellip

(por

tals

by

user

type

)Fe

atur

ed R

esou

rce

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry f

eatu

red

imag

e on

mai

n bo

dy

Gra

phic

al d

esig

n

26

U o

f Con

nect

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Se

arch

Onl

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Res

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ns U

sing

the

Libr

ary

A

bout

the

Libr

ary

New

s Q

uick

Lin

ks S

peci

al L

ibra

ries

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

for hellip

3 co

lum

ns

Cus

tom

ize

this

site

by

subj

ect o

r by

cam

pus

Sav

e cu

stom

izat

ion

27

Cor

nell

U

Find

it (

reso

urce

s by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Ins

truct

ion

Tech

nica

l Sup

port

Insi

de L

ibra

ry Q

uick

Lin

ks H

ow d

o I

findhellip

Ann

ounc

emen

ts E

xhib

ition

s (di

gita

l col

lect

ions

)

Box

es b

y ca

tego

ry in

the

mai

nbo

dy w

ith si

de b

ars

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 19

28

Dar

tmou

th C

olle

ge

Sear

chB

row

se L

ibra

ry S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut th

e Li

brar

y H

ow

do Ihellip

A

sk a

Lib

raria

n Q

uick

Lin

ks F

eatu

red

Site

s Li

brar

y N

ews

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns w

ith le

ftsi

de b

ar

ldquoSea

rch

360rdquo

(sea

rch

artic

les w

ithin

sele

cted

reso

urce

s)

29

U D

elaw

are

Info

rmat

ion

Ser

vice

s R

esou

rces

Sub

ject

Gui

des A

to Z

(Q

uick

link

s) P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe t

op n

avig

atio

n H

oriz

onta

l sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y w

ith le

ft si

de b

ar30

D

uke

U

Libr

ary

New

s R

esea

rch

Lib

rary

Ser

vice

s A

bout

Us

Dig

ital C

olle

ctio

ns Q

uick

Sea

rch

Top

nav

igat

ion

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

31

Emor

y U

Q

uick

Sea

rch

Bra

nch

libra

ry li

nks

Arc

hive

s D

igita

l Li

brar

y Pr

ogra

ms

Pres

erva

tion

Offi

ce P

orta

ls b

y us

er

type

Res

ourc

es

2 co

lum

ns

32

U o

f Flo

rida

Find

Ser

vice

s A

bout

New

s Q

uick

cat

alog

sear

ch R

e-se

arch

Gat

eway

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

33

Flor

ida

Stat

e U

A

bout

Ser

vice

s O

ther

Lib

rarie

s A

cade

mic

Web

Sea

rch

Li

brar

ies C

atal

og R

esou

rces

amp S

ervi

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orhellip

E-R

e-so

urce

s by

Subj

ect

Mos

t Use

d D

atab

ases

Gen

eral

E-R

e-so

urce

s Tu

toria

ls N

ews

3 co

lum

ns t

hen

mix

ed se

c-tio

ns

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

Win

dow

s Liv

e B

eta

(Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic

Use

r au

then

ticat

ion

requ

ired)

34

Geo

rge

Was

hing

ton

U

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h R

esea

rch

Porta

l A

rticl

e Q

uick

Se

arch

E-J

ourn

als

Serv

ices

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ask

A L

i-br

aria

n N

ews

Spec

ializ

ed C

olle

ctio

ns o

ther

Lin

ks

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

35

Geo

rget

own

U

Cat

alog

s D

atab

ases

Jou

rnal

Fin

der

Res

earc

h H

elp

Ser

-vi

ces

Mor

e in

form

atio

n fo

rhellip N

ews

othe

r lin

ks

3 co

lum

ns

36

U o

f Geo

rgia

C

atal

og D

atab

ases

E-J

ourn

als

Spec

ial C

olle

ctio

ns

Dig

ital L

ibra

ry R

esea

rch

Gui

de G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r Fi

nd

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) Se

rvic

es A

bout

New

s amp E

vent

s

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

Goo

gle

Scho

lar

37

Geo

rgia

Tec

h A

bout

Sea

rch

amp L

ocat

e B

orro

w amp

Ord

er C

ours

e R

e-se

rves

Res

earc

h H

elp

Res

earc

h by

Sub

ject

Qui

ck L

inks

Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s

Mou

se-o

ver c

olum

ns b

yca

tego

ry t

hen

verti

cal l

ocal

navi

gatio

n an

d ho

rizon

tal s

ec-

tions

by

cate

gory

20 College amp Research Libraries January 2008 38

U

of G

uelp

h A

bout

Res

ourc

es H

elp

amp H

ow-to

Sea

rch

Ser

vice

sfo

rhellip B

orro

win

g amp

Inte

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Req

uest

s Fa

cilit

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New

s amp E

vent

s

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

horiz

onta

lse

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y ca

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RSS

New

s

39

Har

vard

U

Feat

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cat

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des

Libr

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s (in

fo)

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hen

colu

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by

cate

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40

U o

f Haw

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Res

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es C

ampu

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s A

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s Sp

otlig

ht

3 co

lum

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41

U o

f Hou

ston

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a To

pic

Lib

rarie

s amp C

olle

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Abo

ut S

uppo

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e Li

brar

y C

atal

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s O

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l nav

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Stra

tegi

c D

irect

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42

How

ard

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of I

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 21

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f Man

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(Abo

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tligh

t on

Serv

ices

) C

atal

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Sear

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f Mar

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alog

amp R

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Us

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f Mic

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n R

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p H

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63

U o

f Min

neso

ta

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ks amp

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e (C

atal

og S

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f Mis

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

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24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

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p Q

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hen

mix

ed c

ol-

umns

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92

Tem

ple

U

Find

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cles

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lect

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p N

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nts p

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f Ten

ness

ee

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vice

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t In

side

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arie

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hatrsquos

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y us

er ty

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oxes

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ain

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ews

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chin

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f Tex

as a

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

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ck L

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rch

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forhellip

(Arti

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earc

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dow

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e Aca

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p

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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n bo

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om H

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x R

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o Ihellip

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107

Way

ne S

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ind

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cles

amp D

atab

ases

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d O

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e Jo

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ls A

sk A

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raria

n N

ews

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rvic

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orta

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er ty

pe

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oogl

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r ldquoW

SU P

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linerdquo

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iver

sity

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por

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ldquoWSU

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lack

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drdquo

108

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f Wes

tern

Ont

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esea

rch

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ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

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tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

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ksA

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ices

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ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

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atab

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o on

top

cate

gory

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helin

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r the

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con

110

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Res

earc

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ols

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arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

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sk A

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raria

n N

ews

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ocus

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ixed

col

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SS n

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111

York

U

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alog

e-R

esou

rces

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vice

s H

elp

with

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earc

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itle

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ck S

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atal

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 12: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 17

10

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f Brit

ish

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14

U o

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Dav

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16

U o

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f Cal

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Popu

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ck

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brar

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18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

Cas

e W

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Inst

ruct

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23

U o

f Col

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sk U

s Se

arch

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Abo

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ow d

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24

Col

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Acc

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25

Col

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se-o

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26

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 21

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63

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

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85

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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x R

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ne S

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d O

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sk A

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ews

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er ty

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oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

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sity

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por

tal

ldquoWSU

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lack

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drdquo

108

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f Wes

tern

Ont

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esea

rch

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ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

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ary

Acc

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hatrsquos

New

Qui

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tals

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U W

isco

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ch S

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ksA

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ut H

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110

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 13: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

18 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

20

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21

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85

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 14: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 19

28

Dar

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th C

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ge

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chB

row

se L

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ry S

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ow

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raria

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uick

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ks F

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red

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y N

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ftsi

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ar

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les w

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sele

cted

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s)

29

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elaw

are

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rces

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ject

Gui

des A

to Z

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pe t

op n

avig

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37

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Tec

h A

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amp L

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w amp

Ord

er C

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20 College amp Research Libraries January 2008 38

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es H

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win

g amp

Inte

rlibr

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uest

s Fa

cilit

ies

New

s amp E

vent

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2 co

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ns t

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horiz

onta

lse

ctio

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y ca

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ry

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New

s

39

Har

vard

U

Feat

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es amp

Wel

com

e C

atal

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cat

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s E-

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Libr

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f Haw

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f Illi

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45

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49

U

of K

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s H

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Abo

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3 co

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horiz

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 21

51

U o

f Ken

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nd B

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orhellip

Abo

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mdashun

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tal

53

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f Lou

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lum

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McG

ill U

Fi

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g In

form

atio

n S

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ssis

tanc

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bout

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port

forhellip

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s C

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y ca

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f Man

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atal

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ch R

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f Mar

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f Mas

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f Mic

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62

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Gen

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Res

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18

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22 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

63

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f Min

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th C

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

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o U

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lect

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New

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clic

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74

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f Okl

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24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

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xas A

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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d O

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sk A

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n N

ews

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er ty

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oogl

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hola

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sity

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por

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ldquoWSU

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lack

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drdquo

108

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f Wes

tern

Ont

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esea

rch

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es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

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ary

Acc

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hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

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tals

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user

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U W

isco

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on

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ch S

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ksA

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ut H

elp

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uida

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atab

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o on

top

cate

gory

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110

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olle

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earc

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 15: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

20 College amp Research Libraries January 2008 38

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f Illi

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of I

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of K

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 21

51

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f Man

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me

(Abo

ut amp

Spo

tligh

t on

Serv

ices

) C

atal

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Sear

ch R

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ed In

fo N

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Eve

nts

Qui

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inks

57

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f Mar

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lect

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alog

amp R

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Port)

My

Acc

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Us

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ital C

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f Mas

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Us

Hel

p Yo

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s amp E

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61

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f Mic

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n R

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y re

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p H

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63

U o

f Min

neso

ta

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ks amp

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e (C

atal

og S

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f Mis

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ampu

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68

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Goo

gle

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73

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24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

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p Q

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arch

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ed c

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ple

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p N

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f Ten

ness

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

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xas A

ampM

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rch

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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ne S

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ind

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cles

amp D

atab

ases

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d O

nlin

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sk A

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raria

n N

ews

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er ty

pe

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oogl

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hola

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iver

sity

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f Wes

tern

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o Ihellip

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hatrsquos

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tals

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user

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tions

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egor

y on

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n bo

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109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

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ch S

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ices

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elp

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atab

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top

cate

gory

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helin

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r the

(i) i

con

110

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Res

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ols

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arie

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olle

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sk A

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ocus

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ixed

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alog

e-R

esou

rces

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vice

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elp

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earc

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itle

Qui

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atal

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 16: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 21

51

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orro

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nth

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52

Loui

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mdashun

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f Lou

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54

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y ca

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f Man

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atal

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ch R

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57

U o

f Mar

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f Mas

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How

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n th

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arch

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p Yo

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f Mia

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s amp E

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n th

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61

U o

f Mic

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indhellip

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earc

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Mic

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Gen

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Res

ourc

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esea

rch

Hel

p H

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06]

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22 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

63

U o

f Min

neso

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e (C

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thin

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f Mis

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ut B

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amp M

ore

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s Arc

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s amp C

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vice

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tals

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of N

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trsquos N

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f New

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n C

ampu

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nnou

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C

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p S

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y C

ours

e R

eser

ves

My

Ale

rts)

Blo

g W

iki

70

Nor

thw

este

rn U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Res

earc

h A

ssis

tanc

e

Abo

ut H

elp

Qui

ck S

earc

h (B

ooks

amp Jo

urna

ls A

rticl

es

Dat

abas

es)

Wha

trsquos N

ew

Sect

ions

by

cate

gory

R

SS n

ews

71

U o

f Not

re D

ame

Res

earc

h To

ols

Get

ting

Hel

p S

ervi

ces

Insi

de L

ibra

ries

New

s Se

ctio

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

72

Ohi

o St

ate

U

Qui

ck S

earc

h B

ooks

Arti

cles

amp M

ore

Mor

e C

atal

ogs

Qui

ck L

inks

New

s Le

ctur

esP

rogr

ams

Serv

ices

Exh

ibi-

tions

3 co

lum

ns

Podc

ast (

Libr

ary

New

s Aud

io)

Kno

wle

dge

Ban

k (li

brar

y in

fo)

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

Ohi

o U

Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Col

lect

ions

Inf

oQ

uick

Sea

rch

(Boo

ks V

ideo

s A

rticl

es)

New

s 2

colu

mns

clic

k-to

-cha

nge

tabs

on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Info

Tree

(agg

rega

ted

hier

arch

ical

re

sour

ce li

st)

74

U o

f Okl

ahom

a A

nnou

ncem

ents

Get

ting

Star

tedhellip

Whe

re C

an I

Find

hellip

Cal

l Num

ber L

ocat

ions

New

s Po

rtals

by

user

type

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mns

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n se

ctio

ns b

yca

tego

ry

RSS

new

s R

SS n

ew b

ooks

amp n

ewel

ectro

nic

reso

urce

s K

now

ledg

eB

ase

Virt

ual T

our

75

Okl

ahom

a St

ate

U

Find

hellip(r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Giv

e A

bout

N

ews

Arti

cle

Qui

ck S

earc

h M

ouse

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r lin

ks b

y ca

tego

ry

76

U o

f Ore

gon

Sear

ch (d

iffer

ent f

orm

ats b

y ch

angi

ng ta

b) F

ind

Res

ourc

-es

Res

earc

h A

ssis

tanc

e S

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Abo

ut N

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2 ho

rizon

tal s

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hen

colu

mns

by

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gory

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U o

f Pen

nsyl

vani

a Se

arch

Eng

ine

Ask

Us

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Hel

p S

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cts

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arie

sC

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ns S

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Acc

ount

A

rticl

e Fi

nder

Hig

hlig

hts

2 co

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ns m

ouse

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r cha

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tabs

on

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mai

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dy w

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de b

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Tags

(use

r aut

hent

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ion

requ

ired)

78

Penn

sylv

ania

Sta

te U

C

atal

og B

ooks

amp M

ore

Arti

cles

amp M

ore

E-R

esou

rce

List

Res

earc

h To

ols

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ices

Abo

ut L

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ions

amp H

ours

G

et H

elp

Qui

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inks

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s etc

2 co

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r lin

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y

79

U o

f Pitt

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gh

Find

Boo

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e L

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Uni

ver-

sity

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Sys

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ceto

n U

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cles

amp M

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h H

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ht amp

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s 2

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l sec

tions

col

umns

by c

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ory

on m

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body

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C

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s Q

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n th

e m

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body

mou

se-o

ver n

avig

atio

n82

Q

ueen

rsquos U

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rch

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s Se

rvic

es L

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ries a

t Que

enrsquos

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p

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s Q

uick

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rch

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gory

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e U

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Gen

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ews

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se-o

ver l

inks

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cate

gory

84

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f Roc

hest

er

Find

(res

ourc

es b

y fo

rmat

) C

atal

og S

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orro

win

gLi

brar

y In

form

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n N

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nts

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hen

horiz

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ry

24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

gers

U

Qui

ck L

inks

with

mou

se-o

ver t

o fu

rther

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s A

sk A

Li-

brar

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rs amp

Dire

ctio

ns S

earc

h W

eb si

te S

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dex

N

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Eve

nts

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lum

ns

86

U o

f Sas

katc

hew

an

Find

Res

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es Y

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ccou

nt H

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Lib

rary

Info

rmat

ion

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peci

ally

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New

s amp E

vent

s U

nive

rsity

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rnin

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r Po

rtals

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user

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ed c

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kmar

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r New

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gs (e

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87

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f Sou

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form

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nhellip Q

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f Sou

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n C

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ia

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at U

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bjec

t Are

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ure

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raph

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89

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hern

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ois U

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p C

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92

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p N

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Eve

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blog

93

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f Ten

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

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Qui

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(Arti

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101

U o

f Virg

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

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t Lo

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d B

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rs amp

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s A

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hatrsquos

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mai

n bo

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trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

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s Le

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r Res

earc

h S

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ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

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107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

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raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

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ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

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lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

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mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

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r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

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R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

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ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

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ary

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ival

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de ldquo

Pass

port

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rdquo (s

ingl

e si

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n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 17: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

22 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

63

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ks amp

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h) A

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

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85

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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ooks

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ary

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rtals

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lect

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rs amp

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h

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ksby

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y on

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ew b

log

106

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f Wat

erlo

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ject

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107

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cles

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ary

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er ty

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G

oogl

e Sc

hola

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sity

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108

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f Wes

tern

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esea

rch

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ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

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ary

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ount

W

hatrsquos

New

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ck L

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tals

by

user

type

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mns

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tions

by

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egor

y on

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new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

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ch S

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ices

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elp

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nce

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atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

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s by

clic

king

one

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helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

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Res

earc

h To

ols

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arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

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bout

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vice

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sk A

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ocus

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umns

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vice

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with

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earc

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itle

Qui

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h (C

atal

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ary

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rtals

by

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type

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 18: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 23

73

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

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Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

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Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

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rces

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mp

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rs amp

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mai

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trsquos n

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log

106

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f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 19: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

24 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

85

Rut

gers

U

Qui

ck L

inks

with

mou

se-o

ver t

o fu

rther

link

s A

sk A

Li-

brar

ian

Hou

rs amp

Dire

ctio

ns S

earc

h W

eb si

te S

ite In

dex

N

ews amp

Eve

nts

3 co

lum

ns

86

U o

f Sas

katc

hew

an

Find

Res

ourc

es Y

our A

ccou

nt H

elp

Lib

rary

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rmat

ion

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peci

ally

forhellip

New

s amp E

vent

s U

nive

rsity

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rnin

gC

ente

r Po

rtals

by

user

type

Mix

ed c

olum

ns a

nd se

ctio

ns

Your

Boo

kmar

ks R

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r New

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ooks

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gs (e

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ourc

es N

ews)

87

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f Sou

th C

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earc

h To

ols

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ary

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ista

nce

Ser

vice

s In

form

atio

n fo

rhellip S

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ght o

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uick

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ks to

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olle

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y us

er ty

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lum

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hen

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gory

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f Sou

ther

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ali-

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ia

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at U

SC L

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ries

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arie

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t Are

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arch

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ure

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raph

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ign

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hern

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ple

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cles

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ks M

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lect

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p N

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y a

blog

93

U o

f Ten

ness

ee

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vice

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et H

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hnol

-og

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ppor

t In

side

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arie

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hatrsquos

New

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ck

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ch P

orta

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y us

er ty

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n ldquoS

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cesrdquo

3 co

lum

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oxes

by

cate

gory

on th

e m

ain

body

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ews

The

Tea

chin

g Li

brar

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94

U o

f Tex

as a

t Aus

tin

Qui

ck L

inks

Abo

ut R

esea

rch

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s Se

rvic

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esou

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fo

r You

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ulty

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ff G

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rizon

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The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

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rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

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ks E

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earc

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dow

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grad

uate

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g

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lmdashun

iver

sity

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por

tal

96

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ooks

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ore

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oron

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ces)

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ls N

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p T

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ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

Gen

eral

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p

mix

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olum

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ver l

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p R

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tles

Pop

ular

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s M

yTo

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nnov

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ne U

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rch

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p amp

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e A

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p N

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h U

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rch

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rvic

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ry In

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y ca

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ry

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ary

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rs T

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y U

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iver

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ty W

eb p

orta

l 10

0 Va

nder

bilt

U

Find

Boo

ks amp

Oth

er It

ems

Find

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

U

se L

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ry S

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Hel

p w

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rch

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sQ

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ed it

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ry

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f Virg

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ener

al In

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ect G

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ck S

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og S

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ed m

ouse

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r lin

ksun

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ajor

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egor

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nth

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ft

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ary

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eomdash

Cre

ated

by

stud

ents

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ents

102

Virg

inia

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h Fi

nd (r

esou

rces

by

form

at)

Serv

ices

Hel

p A

nnou

nce-

men

ts O

ff-ca

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s Sig

n-in

Spo

tligh

t onhellip

C

olum

ns b

y ca

tego

ry

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ary

hour

s of t

he w

eek

ldquoM

yV

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univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l10

3 U

of W

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ngto

n R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

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ck S

earc

h C

atal

og H

ow

do Ihellip

New

s Ev

ent amp

Exh

ibits

Ask

Us

Sear

ch S

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ff-ca

mpu

s acc

ess

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lum

ns

104

Was

hing

ton

Stat

e U

C

atal

og A

rticl

e In

dexe

sE-

Jour

nals

You

r Rec

ord

Ren

ew-

als

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ary

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s O

ther

Lib

rary

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alog

s R

efer

ence

Serv

ices

Dig

ital C

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ks W

hatrsquos

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ign

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new

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ical

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ign

ldquoM

yW

SUrdquomdash

univ

ersi

ty W

eb p

orta

l

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

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in to

My

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ary

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ount

s R

efer

ence

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rces

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mp

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t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

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vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

Sea

rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

atio

nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 20: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 25 95

Te

xas A

ampM

U

Qui

ck L

inks

Sea

rch

Now

forhellip

(Arti

cles

Boo

ks E

-Jou

r-na

ls I

ndex

esD

atab

ases

) N

ews

Serv

ice

Res

earc

h Su

p-po

rt C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Giv

ing

Hel

p M

y Po

rtal

3 co

lum

ns

Win

dow

s Liv

e Aca

dem

ic G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r U

nder

grad

uate

Info

Blo

g

My

Porta

lmdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

96

Texa

s Tec

h U

Fi

nd B

ooks

amp M

ore

Fin

d A

rticl

es L

ibra

ry In

fo R

efer

-en

ce T

ools

Ask

A L

ibra

rian

Res

earc

h A

Top

ic Q

uick

Li

nks t

o an

d Li

st o

f Dat

abas

es O

n th

e si

demdash

Res

earc

hSe

rvic

es A

bout

Giv

e C

ompu

ting

Site

map

New

s E-

Res

ourc

e St

atus

2 co

lum

ns t

hen

sect

ions

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cate

gory

Li

brar

y ho

urs o

f the

day

Lib

rary

hour

s in

a ca

lend

ar V

irtua

l Tou

r ldquoW

hat S

tude

nts a

re sa

ying

abo

utLI

BR

1100

helliprdquo

(stu

dent

quo

te o

n lib

rary

trai

ning

) 97

U

of T

oron

to

Cat

alog

Qui

ck S

earc

h Q

uick

Sea

rch

Arti

cles

(e-J

ourn

als

All

e-re

sour

ces)

Too

ls N

ews

New

Titl

eshellip

Res

earc

h Ti

p T

absmdash

Res

ourc

es amp

Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces (

porta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe)

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ff-ca

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26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

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hing

ton

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Find

it (

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cles

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abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

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d B

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vice

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rtals

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lect

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rs amp

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s A

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hatrsquos

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ck C

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og S

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h

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ouse

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r lin

ksby

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egor

y on

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mai

n bo

dy

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trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

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alog

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og

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ourc

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r Res

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c-tio

n C

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om H

ome

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x R

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rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

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ject

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des

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lum

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107

Way

ne S

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ck C

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og S

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h F

ind

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cles

amp D

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ases

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d O

nlin

e Jo

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ls A

sk A

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raria

n N

ews

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ary

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rvic

es P

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ls b

y us

er ty

pe

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rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

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mns

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oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

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ipe-

linerdquo

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iver

sity

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por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

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ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

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tals

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user

type

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colu

mns

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tions

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egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

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ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

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s 2

colu

mns

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es b

y ca

tego

ryon

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mai

n bo

dy

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10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

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lum

ns 4

-box

on

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mai

nbo

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ary

Surv

ival

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de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 21: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

26 College amp Research Libraries January 2008

105

Was

hing

ton

U S

t Lo

uis

Find

it (

Arti

cles

Dat

abas

es F

ull-t

ext)

Fin

d B

ooks

ampM

ore

Log

in to

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

s R

efer

ence

Sou

rces

Ju

mp

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t Res

earc

h H

ow d

o Ihellip

Ser

vice

s (po

rtals

by

user

type

) Li

brar

ies amp

Col

lect

ions

Hou

rs amp

Map

s A

bout

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h

2 co

lum

ns m

ouse

-ove

r lin

ksby

cat

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

Wha

trsquos n

ew b

log

106

U o

f Wat

erlo

o Q

uick

Cat

alog

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rch

New

s Le

ft N

avig

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nmdashC

atal

og

Res

ourc

es fo

r Res

earc

h S

ervi

ces

Abo

ut H

elp

amp In

stru

c-tio

n C

onne

ct fr

om H

ome

Site

Inde

x R

ight

Nav

igat

ionmdash

Hou

rs H

ow d

o Ihellip

Sub

ject

Gui

des

etc

3 co

lum

ns

107

Way

ne S

tate

U

Qui

ck C

atal

og S

earc

h F

ind

Arti

cles

amp D

atab

ases

Fin

d O

nlin

e Jo

urna

ls A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

Libr

ary

Info

Se

rvic

es P

orta

ls b

y us

er ty

pe

2 ho

rizon

tal s

ectio

ns t

hen

colu

mns

G

oogl

e Sc

hola

r ldquoW

SU P

ipe-

linerdquo

mdashun

iver

sity

Web

por

tal

ldquoWSU

B

lack

boar

drdquo

108

U o

f Wes

tern

Ont

ario

R

esea

rch

Res

ourc

es H

ow D

o Ihellip

My

Libr

ary

Acc

ount

W

hatrsquos

New

Qui

ck L

inks

Por

tals

by

user

type

2

colu

mns

sec

tions

by

cat-

egor

y on

the

mai

n bo

dy

RSS

new

s

109

U W

isco

nsin

-M

adis

on

Sear

ch S

hortc

uts

Boo

ksA

rticl

esD

atab

ases

Lib

rary

Serv

ices

Abo

ut H

elp

amp G

uida

nce

New

s 2

colu

mns

box

es b

y ca

tego

ryon

the

mai

n bo

dy

Top

10 D

atab

ases

Inf

o on

top

cate

gory

link

s by

clic

king

one

of t

helin

ks o

r the

(i) i

con

110

Yale

U

Res

earc

h To

ols

Libr

arie

s amp C

olle

ctio

ns A

bout

Ser

vice

s A

sk A

Lib

raria

n N

ews

In F

ocus

M

ixed

col

umns

and

sect

ions

R

SS n

ews

111

York

U

Cat

alog

e-R

esou

rces

Ser

vice

s H

elp

with

Res

earc

h T

itle

Qui

ck S

earc

h (C

atal

og e

-Res

ourc

es)

Libr

ary

New

sPo

rtals

by

user

type

3 co

lum

ns 4

-box

on

the

mai

nbo

dy

Libr

ary

Surv

ival

Gui

de ldquo

Pass

port

York

rdquo (s

ingl

e si

gn-o

n) R

SS fo

r e-

Res

ourc

es

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University

Page 22: Engaging Users: The Future of Academic Library Web Sites

The Future of Academic Library Web Sites 27

Appendix 2 Academic Library Web Sites That Employed RSS for Library News

1 University at Albany SUNY 2 University of Alberta 3 University of Arizona 4 Arizona State University 5 University at Buffalo SUNY 6 Brigham Young University 7 University of California Riverside 8 University of Guelph 9 Iowa State University 10 University of Kentucky 11 Massachuse s Institute of Technology 12 McGill University 13 McMaster University 14 University of Michigan 15 Michigan State University 16 University of Minnesota 17 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 18 North Carolina State University 19 Northwestern University 20 University of Oklahoma 21 Princeton University 22 Queenrsquos University 23 Southern Illinois University Carbondale 24 Temple University 25 University of Tennessee 26 University of Texas at Austin 27 University of Toronto 28 Washington State University 29 Western Ontario University 30 Yale University