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To Kill a Mockingbird

Chapters 12-15

Chapter Summaries

The Black Community

Lynchings & Lynch Mobs

Character Developments

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To Kill a Mockingbird

Chapters 12-15

CHAPTER SUMMARIES

Chapter 12

Jem and Scoutschangingrelationship

Atticus returns

to statelegislature

Calpurnia takesJem & Scout toher church reaction/welcome

Scout finds outabout allegedrape

Chapter 13

Aunt Alexandracomes to takecare of children

Maycomb takes

to Alexandrapositively

Development ofcontrast betweenproper andimproper bythe characters

Chapter 14

Jem & Scout feelcommunitylooking at them

Jem & Scout

fight aboutAlexandra/Calpurnia

Dill ran away toFinchs house

Chapter 15

Further contrastof right andwrong broughton by Alexandra

Lynch Mobcomes to jail butis broken up byScouts speech

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To Kill a Mockingbird

Chapters 12-15

THE BLACK COMMUNITY

The black community isintroduced as a very spirited,upbeat and supportive group.

The effect is that it makes theracial prejudice more hateful

nobody in the community respectsBob Ewell but the communitysides with him because of the

colour of his skin.

The majority of the blackcommunity cannot read and theyare poor, but they support their

own members

Church patrons have no hymnals,have no money but still are able

to support Mrs. Robinson

Calpurnia connects the blackcommunity and the white

community

Her use of languageHer disagreements with

Alexandra

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To Kill a Mockingbird

Chapters 12-15

CHARACTER

DEVELOPMENTS

JemGrowing up

Has learned

lessons

ScoutChildhood innocence

Still learning lessonsLost from all that is

happening

Scout

Jem

Calpurnia

Aunt

Alexandra

As the novel progresses, therelationship between Jem andScout changes. They begin toseparate.

Scout becomes influenced bythree sources in these fourchapters. What do each tellher?

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To Kill a Mockingbird

Chapters 12-15

LYNCHINGS & LYNCH MOBS

Lynching was a form of

punishment for a presumed crime,often carried out by a mob orvigilantes without trial or any legalsupport.

Lynching was a practice thatoccurred throughout the United

States, (particularly in the south)against blacks accused of crimesagainst whites. Research showsthat many of the crimes did notactually occur or wereexaggerated.

The hanging of an empty noosearound a tree was a threat ofintimidation against blacks andthose who supported them.

Some Southern states seemed to supportlynchings for awhile. For example, the Governorof South Carolina, Benjamin Tillman, (d. 1918)once said:"We of the South have never recognized the right of thenegro to govern white men, and we never will. We havenever believed him to be the equal of the white man, andwe will not submit to his gratifying his lust on our wives

and daughters without lynching him."

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To Kill a Mockingbird

Chapters 12-15

LYNCHINGS & LYNCH MOBS

Thousands of Americans werevictims of lynchings from the1860s to the 1960s

Lynchings were often publicspectacles attended by many some even proud to stand infront of the victim for

photographs

Seven Presidents who tried tooutlaw lynchings wereunsuccessful as the laws werevoted against. It is now a

crime and even tying an emptynoose as a sign of hatred isillegal

---Strange Fruit

Southern trees bear a strange fruit,Blood on the leaves and blood at the root,Black body swinging in the Southernbreeze,Strange fruit hanging from the poplartrees.Pastoral scene of the gallant South,The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth,

Scent of magnolia sweet and fresh,And the sudden smell of burning flesh!Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck,For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,For the sun to rot, for a tree to drop,Here is a strange and bitter crop.

Abel Meeropol, (1939)

The poem Strange Fruitexplores the idea of lynchings

from an outsiders perspective: