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ENFORCEMENT ISSUES INMATRIMONIAL LAW

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Betty Ann Pottruf, DirictorPolicy Planning and EvaluationSaskatchewan Justice6th Floor,1874 Scarth StreetRegina, SaskatchewanS4P3V7

Donna C. ScottUnified Family Court900 - 224 4th Avenue SouthSaskatoon,Saska tchewanS7K 5M5

1.

II.

III.

IV.

v.

ENFORCEMENT ISSUES IN MATRIMONIAL LAW

PARENTAL CHILD ABDUCTION/WRONGFULREMOVAL OR RETENTION

A. IntroductionB. Criminal LawC. Civil Enforcement In Cases of

International Wrongful Detentionor Removal

D. Tracing in Custody and Access Cases

THE MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY ACTA. Pre-Judgment ReliefB. Post-Judgment Relief

ENFORCEABILITY OF INTERSPOUSAL CONTRACTSAND SEPARATION AGREEMENTS

PRE·TRIAL CONFERENCE PROCEDURE

DIVORCE ACT, 1985

111

512

131317

19

20

21

APPENDIX A Abduction Sections Criminal Code 22

APPENDIX B Changing Guidelines Interprovincial Child Abduction 23

APPENDIX C Abduction Case List 25H.M.Q. v. Schellenberg (Sask. C.A.) (Sentence) 26

APPENDIX D Child and Family Services Act - Section 7 29

APPENDIX E The International Child Abduction Act 30

APPENDIX F The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects ofInternational Child Abduction· Contracting States 36

APPENDIX G Case List re Convention 44

APPENDIX H Request for Return-Hague Convention, October 25, 1980 44

APPENDIX I Demand for Information 55

APPENDIX J Memo to Judge· Application to Restrain Removal of Child 56

APPENDIX K Draft Order 58

APPENDIX L Notice of Motion for Hearing 59

APPENDIX M The Matrimonial Property Act Selected s.s.4-42 60

APPENDIX N The Queen's Bench Act s.45(8) 65

APPENDIX 0 Certificate of Lis Pendens and Affidavit 66

APPENDIX P The Children's Law Act - Selected Sections 69

I PARENTAL CHILD ABDUCTION/WRONGFUL REMOVAL OR RETENTION

A. INTRODUCTION

There are four interrelated issues to cope with when assessing the

legal consequences of a parental child abduction or wrongful

removal or retention of a child:

criminal law

civil law

custody rights

access rights

However, there is one underlying theme and that it the "best

interests of the child".

B. CRIMINAL LAW

In 1983 sections were added to the Criminal Code of Canada

dealing with parental child abduction. Section 282 deals with

abduction in contravention of an existing Canadian custody order

and section 283 deals with parental child abduction where there is

no existing Canadian custody order. Both sections deal with the

taking of children under the age of 14 years and provide for an

offence which is punishable by indictment with imprisonment of up.

to 10 years or on summary conviction. Proceedings under section

238 require the consent of the Attorney General or his designated

agent.

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The defences available for these sections include consent of the

other parent to the taking of the child or removal of the child to

protect the child from danger of imminent harm. However, it is not

a defence that the young person consents to the abduction. (See

Appendix A for the specific wording of the Criminal Code sections.)

[Also note R. v. Ilczyszyn (1988), 45 C.C.C. (3rd) 91, (Ont. C.~.)

seems to have allowed for a further defence where the offender has

an honest but mistaken belief as to the legality of an order.]

While there have been some prosecutions under these sections, a

concern about th.e need for a uniform approach to use of these

sections and a concern about the need to make the public aware of

the effect of the sections, led Federal/Provincial/Territorial

Ministers Responsible for Justice to adopt national charging

guidelines in June 1990. (See Appendix B)

A list of cases dealing with these sections is attached. (See

Appendix C). As well, the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal dealt with

the purpose of section 282 in the case of R. v. Stefanie

Schellenberg, unreported, in 1989, where in their judgment the

Court of Appeal stated~

This court perceives it to be its duty to see that the system

which society has designed to provide stability in this

difficult and often emotional area is able to provide that

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stability. It can only be accomplished by ensuring that

public confidence is maintained in the process and respect is

established for the maintenance of its judgments.

It is difficult to know what sentence is precisely appropriate

in cases of this nature. However, it is apparent that the

nature and circumstances of this offence call for the

imposition of a severe sentence.

In this case the court imposed a two years less a day sentence on

a 55 year old women who had abducted her children out of the

country.

When dealing with enforcement of foreign custody orders or with a

non-order situations, section 283 must be used. As well, the

Criminal Code provisions only apply to the custody provisions of

a custody order and not to access provisions. (E. v. Powless, 18

R.F.L. (3rd) 433 (Ont. P. Ct.»

Finally, often in international child abduction situations, the

Criminal Code sections are of limited effect unless the offences

are recognized under !9xtradition laws. A bill to add these

offences to the Canada-U.S.A. extradition treaty is before the U.S.

Senate. While the Criminal Code route is expeditious, resort to

civil enforcement may need to accompany any criminal proceeding,

at least in the international context.

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It should be recognized that the laying of criminal charges does

not necessarily resolve the wrongful retention situation as there

is still the issue of facilitating the return of the child to the

rightful parent. It is reconunended that the rightful parent should

make themselves available to take charge of the child when an

arrest is made, where possible. However, this may not be possible

in urgent situations or where there are financial limitations on

the parents ability to travel. In some jurisdictions, child

protection legislation will allow for the child to be held under

that authority until the child can be reunited with the rightful

parent. For example, The Child and Family Seryices Act, which was

proclaimed December 1, 1990, in subsection 7(1) provides officers

under that Act the authority to take a child into custody following

an arrest for parental child abduction and provide interim care to

the child and arrange for the child's return to the rightful

parent. (See Appendix D)

Other agencies such as Child Find Canada, its provincial

organizations and International Social Services can assist parties

with liaison with local authorities, travel, etc. in

interprovincial or int.ernational wrongful removal or retention

situations.

)

)

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As well, you should note that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police

maintain a Missing Childrens Registry which monitors files from all

police forces across the country regarding cases of missing

children. The Registry is also linked with Interpol and the F.B.I.

to assist in tracing and monitoring cases in foreign jurisdictions.

C. CIVIL ENFORCEMENT IN CASES OF INTERNATIONAL WRONGFUL DETENTION

OR REMOVAL

While parties can attempt to pursue their rights directly under the

laws of a foreign jurisdiction, this can obviously present numerous

obstacles. The international community has attempted to deal with

this issue by endorsing a Convention on the Civil Aspects of

International Child Abduction. Saskatchewan, along with all other

Canadian jurisdictions, is a contracting party to this Convention

and adopted the Convention as part of Saskatchewan law with the

passage of The International Child Abduction Act in 1986.

(See Appendix E) .

The objects of the Convention are to secure the prompt return of

children wrongfully removed or retained and to ensure that custody

and access rights are respected. Saskatchewan interprets the

Convention as only applying to breaches of custody or access which

occur after the Convention carne into effect between the various

contracting states and only applies to children under age 16 who

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were habitually resident in a contracting state immediately before

the breach.

In terms of Saskatchewan, this date is November 1, 1986. A list

of jurisdictions who are now party to the Convention and the date

that the Convention came into force for that country is attached.

(See Appendix F). It should be noted, however, that some foreign

jurisdictions are prepared to read the Convention based on a

"continuing offence" theory and may consider applying the

Convention retrospectively to the date of actual corning into force.

Therefore, if you have a client whose child was abducted prior to

the effective date for another jurisdiction, that does not

necessarily mean that jurisdiction will not recognize a continuing

claim to enforcement.

The Convention requires that a Central Authority for receiving and

sending applications for enforcement be created in each Contracting

State and in Saskatchewan that Central Authority is located in the

Department of Justice with Betty Ann Pottruff or Carol Snell

designated as the contact persons. It is the responsibility of the

Central Authority on .receiving information about a potential

wrongful removal or retention situation to assist in discovering

the whereabouts of the child wrongfully removed, to secure the

voluntary return of the child, if possible, to assist in the

processing of documents and the initiation or facilitation of

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judicial or administrative proceedings to obtain the return of the

child.

The Convention itself indicates that where a wrongful detention or

removal comes before the Court, the Court shall order the return

of the child forthwith if less than a year has elapsed from the

date of wrongful removal or retention to the date of the

commencement of proceedings. If the Court proceedings are

commenced after a year has expired, the Court shall order the

return of the child unless it is proved, by the person who opposes

the return of the child, that the child is now settled in its new

environment. However, even then the court can still order the

return of the child if it feels it is in the child's best

interests. The exceptions to this are: where the person alleging

breach of custody rights was not actually exercising custodial

rights or acquiesced to the child being taken; the child is at

grave risk of physical or psychological harm if returned; or if the

child objects to being returned and is of such an age and maturity

that his views should be taken into account. The case, however,

do indicate that these exceptions must be interpreted restrictively

and that the burden of proof is on the person advancing these

excuses. Finally, there is an exception that the child will not

be returned if his/her return "would not be permitted by the

fundamental principles of the requested state relating to the

protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms".

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The clear intent of the Convention and the legislation is to ensure

that a lawful judicial/administrative order or rights from another

jurisdiction is to be respected and enforced to ensure the

stability of the child. The original order has precedence over any

order granted subsequently in the new jurisdiction where the child

was wrongfully removed to or retained in. The underlying premise

of the Convention is that any debate on the merits of a custody

application should take place fore the courts in the state where

the child had his/her habitual residence prior to the unlawful

removal or retention.

The Convention allows the court to direct an abductor to pay for

the expenses of travel back for the abducted child and associated

legal and investigation costs. Generally, the costs of enforcing

the Convention are borne by the Central Authority and the other

contracting state. However, Saskatchewan has reserved a right to

refuse to pay legal aid costs or court proceeding costs. This

reservation has not, to date, been used.

All Canadian provinces take the position that Convention does not

apply to abductions or. wrongful retentions or removal occurring

solely within Canada. In these cases the parties must look to the

provincial custody law and the Divorce Act for remedies. There is

no Central Authority involvement.

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As well as providing for a Central Authority role, the Convention

also allows parties to deal directly with a foreign Contracting

State to request assistance. Thus, a person from another country

could apply directly to our court without intervention of the

Central Authority seeking enforcement of rights under the

Convention.

Saskatchewan has added to the scope of the Convention by providing

in Section 7 for a method whereby the Central Authority can demand

information from any source in Saskatchewan on the whereabouts of

a person in order to give effect to the Convention. If the demand

is ignored a court order requiring release of the information may

be obtained with costs being awarded to the Crown.

A number of reported cases dealing with the Convention are noted

in Appendix G.

With respect to provincial law, please note that section 21 of

The Children's Law Act, proclaimed December 1, makes it clear that

The International Child Abduction Act prevails over the former Act

in any case of conflict. Nevertheless, where the provisions are

not in conflict, applications for enforcement can take advantage

of the provisions of both Acts.

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In terms of process, the steps in an outgoing international request

are:

determine if the Convention is in force in both the

requesting state and the requested state. This means

that the states have ratified or acceded to the

Convention, not just signed it.

Even if a state has not ratified, some jurisdictions will

Act anyway and it is always worthwhile to contact the

foreign authorities.

prepare a notice of wrongful removal or retention, not

in any set form, and provide the notice orally or in

writing to the foreign Central Authority and, if you are

handling the matter directly, to your local Central

Authority.

prepare a REQUEST FOR RETURN (See Appendix H). A

certified copy of the original order, agreement, etc.

should be attached to the REQUEST along with pictures of

the child or children and the abducting or wrongful

parent. As well, the jurisdiction from which the request

emanates should provide a statement of applicable law in

the jurisdic~ion. Copies of these materials are

available from the Central Authority in Saskatchewan.

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The more material you can supply, the better. All facts known of

the wrongful removal and retention, where the abductor and children

may be hiding or known relatives, employment history, etc. As

well, if there are custody investigation reports or psychological

reports regarding the parents suitability or the children's needs,

these should be included.

In the case of an in-coming request under the Convention, these

will normally be received by the Central Authority and an

assessment will then be made as to whether the circumstances also

warrant proceeding under the Criminal Code sections previously

discussed.

If it is determined to proceed under the Convention, then the

Central Authority or whoever is representing the foreign interest,

will proceed ex parte to have the foreign order recognized by the

Saskatchewan courts and either use section 7 of The International

Child Abduction Act or get a court order under Part IV of The

Children's Law Act to assist in locating and enforcing the order.

Once the child is located a second hearing will occur, where the

Central Authority or representative of the rightful parent will

seek an order for return of the child, costs, and any restraining

order that may be necessary. Alternatively, if the abducting

parent is prepared to agree to a voluntary return, the second

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hearing is unnecessary.

Also attached for your information are draft forms relating to:

a demand for information pursuant to section 7 of The

International Child Abduction Act. (Appendix I)

a draft Memorandum requesting an Order to restrain an

individual from removing a child from the province.

(Appendix J)

a draft Order restraining the -Respondent from removing

the child from the Province. (Appendix K)

a draft Notice of Motion applying for a hearing under

The International Child Abduction Act. (Appendix L)

D. TRACING IN CUSTODY AND ACCESS CASES

As well as section 28 of The Children I s Law Act, proclaimed

December 1, 1990, which allows a person to obtain a court order for

release of information assist in obtaining or enforcing a custody

or access order, The Family Orders and Agreements Enforcement

Assistance Act, sections 7 to 12, allows any person to apply to the

court, ex parte, for an order authorizing a court officer to apply

to Federal Justice for information on the location of an individual

alleged to be in breach of a custody or access order. The

application form is established by federal regulation and is

included in the materials provided in the paper on maintenance

enforcement.

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II THE MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY ACT

A. PRE-JUDGMENT RELIEF

1. PRESERVATION OF MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY

a. section 29 of The Matrimonial Property Act (See Appendix M)

This section provides for an order restraining the making of a

transfer, gift or the absconding with matrimonial property.

Further, the Court may grant a receiving order or any other order

to prevent the dissipation of matrimonial property or for the

preservation of the property. The Act defines dissipation as

jeopardizing the financial security of a household by the

squandering of property (subsection 2(d)).

The Applicant-spouse must satisfy the Court that the other

spouse:

i) is about to commit an act amounting to dissipation;

ii) is about to abscond with any matrimonial property:

iii) intends to transfer matrimonial property to a person for

less than adequate consideration; or

iv) intends to make a substantial gift of matrimonial property

and

v) that such action may defeat a claim of the Applicant-spouse.

An application pursuant to section 29 may be made by Notice of

Motion, and may be made gx parte.

14

b. Injunction

Where a spouse is unable to satisfy the requirements of section

29 of The Matrimonial Property Act, the Court may still be able

to grant an interlocutory injunction to prevent the disposal of

property pending distribution. In the case of Gundy v. Gundy

(1982) 15 Sask. R. 24, the Court of Queen's Bench held that The-

Matrimonial Property Act is not a complete code and that the Act

did not remove the general power of the Court in appropriate

circumstances to grant an interlocutory injunction.

stated at page 28 of the decision:

The Court

. the Wife has to show that she raises a serious

issue to be tried or that she has a prima facie case

and if she succeeds at trial, damages will not be an

adequate remedy and that the balance of convenience

favors the relief sought.

section 45 (8) of The Queen's Bench Act (See Appendix N) is the

statutory basis for the granting of interlocutory injunctive

relief.

It may be that the Mareva injunction is applicable in appropriate

cases where there is a risk of assets being removed by a spouse

prior to judgment being satisfied.

821 of 1982).

(See Smith v. Smith, U.F.C.

15

2. PROTECTION OF OTHER INTERESTS:

a. Lis Pendens

In any action, where title to or interest in land is brought into

question, a certificate of Lis Pendens may be issued by the Local

Registrar in the jUdicial centre where the action is commenced.

The registration of the certificate against the title to the

property serves as notice to a potential transferee and has the

effect of preserving the Petitioner's (or Plaintiff's) claim

against the land until there has been a determination of the

land.

The statutory provisions relating to lis pendens are found in

sections 48 and 49 of The Oueen's Bench Act and sections 57 and

164 of The Land Titles Act.

Note that section 164 of The Land Titles Act provides for

vacating a ~ pendens by Certificate of the Local Registrar only

when the action has been discontinued or decided in favour of the

defendant (or respondent), and there has been no appeal. In all

other circumstances, the lis pendens can be vacated only by Order

of the Court on application.

The form of the certificate of Li§ Pendens is found in section

42(2) of The Queen's Bench Act. It is submitted that in order

for the Local Registrar to make the proper certification, there

must be material before the Local Registrar showing that title to

16

or interest in the particular land is called into question.

Therefore, it is suggested that in all cases, an Affidavit of the

Petitioner (Plaintiff) be filed in support of the Certificate,

fully describing the land or, alternatively, with copies of the

titles attached as exhibits. (See Appendix 0 for a draft

Certificate and Affidavit).

b. Exclusive Possession of Matrimonial Home and Household

Goods.

Part I (See Appendix M, sections 4 through 19 inclusive) of The

Matrimonial Property Act deals with the entitlement to exclusive

possession of the matrimonial home and household goods. This

part of the Act also provides the spouse in possession with

protection from interference with possession.

An Order for exclusive possession of the matrimonial home may be

registered in the Land Titles Office, and so doing binds an

estate or interest of the spouse to the extent set out in the

order (Section 9).

A spouse against whom an exclusive possession order is made may

only dispose of or encumber his or her interest with the written

consent of the other spouse or by Order of the Court (Section

12) •

The spouse who has the right of possession pursuant to an

exclusive possession order has the same right of redemption and

the same rights regarding seizure and sale ~s the other spouse,

17

where a person proceeds to realize upon a lien, encumbrance, or

execution. The spouse in right of possession is also entitled to

notice of a proceeding commenced to realize upon a lien,

encumbrance or execution. (section 15).

Any person who fails to comply with an Order made against him

under sections 5, 6 or 8, is guilty of an offence and liable to a

fine of not more than $1,000.00, and in the case of a continuing

offence, to a further fine of $500.00 for each day. It is also

an offence to dispose of, encumber or remove household goods from

the matrimonial home in certain circumstances (Section 18).

The A&t also provides for compensation for any loss sustained by

a spouse where an Order under sections 5, 6 or 8 has not been

complied with.

B. POST-JUDGMENT REI.IEF

1. section 26 of The Matrimonial Property Act (See Appendix M)

sets out the wide range of orders that may be made by the Court

to give effect to the distribution of matrimonial property.

2. Extra-judicial remedies are also available to a party to

enforce a judgment for distribution of matrimonial property.

Where a jUdgment has been made for the paYment of a sum of money

by one party to the other, a Writ of Execution or garnishment

pursuant to The Attachment of Debts Act would be available to

enforce a judgment.

18

3 . contempt proceedings could also be instituted by a party

where there has been a failure to comply with directions made by

the judgment.

4. Disclosure of Property by Spouses

section 27 of the Act provides that the Court may order a spouse

to file with the Court a sworn Financial statement disclosing

particulars of:

i) all matrimonial property, wherever it is situated:

ii) any matrimonial property disposed of by the spouse wi thin

two years before the commencement of the application:

iii) all debts and liabilities.

Failure to provide full disclosure may result in a jUdgment for

distribution of property being set aside or re-opened by the

Court. Further, matrimonial property not disclosed prior to

jUdgment may be subsequently divided, if a spouse later has

knowledge of the property (Enn§ v. Enn§, U.F.C. 910 of 1984, July

18, 1985. See also Gregoric v. Gregoric, unreported, head note

at 22 ACWS (3d) 1131, where the ontario Court held that spouses

have a fiduciary duty to disclose financial information to each

other. )

19

III ENFORCEABILITY OF INTEBSPOUSAL CONTRACTS AND SEPARATIONAGREEMENTS

a) THE MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY ACT

As a general rule, interspousal contracts made in accordance with

the requirements of section 38 of The Matrimonial Property Act

(See Appendix M) are enforceable by. the Court and binding upon

the parties. Section 42 of the Act (See Appendix M) p'rovides

that the Court may make an Order vesting matrimonial property in

accordance with the terms of the interspousal contract.

In Gardiner v. Gardiner (1987) 54 Sask. R. 247 (Q.B) the Court

held, where a separation agreement was drawn by a lawyer acting

for both parties and the parties were without the benefit of

independent legal advice as contemplated by section 38, that the

separation agreement was not an interspousal contract within the

meaning of the A&t and therefore the Court did not have to give

effect to its terms. However, the Court held that it could take

the agreement into consideration in dividing the matrimonial

property under sections 40 and 21 (2) (a) of the Act. (Note,

however, Coneghan v. Coneghan (1985) 36 Sask. R. 245 (C.A.) where

the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal affirmed an oral agreement

between the spouses distributing their matrimonial property where

failure to enforce the agreement would be unfair and inequitable

20

having regard to the passage of time and the wife's reliance on

the agreement.)

b. THE CHILDREN'S LAW ACT - Custody and access enforcement.

Part IV of The Children's Law Act, proclaimed December 1, 1990,

provides for the enforcement of custody and access provisions

contained in orders and agreements (See Appendix Pl. Under the

AQt, agreements are enforceable in the same manner as orders.

section 26 of the Act sets out the orders that a Court may make

when enforcing access provisions. One new feature of the

legislation allows the Court to appoint a mediator to assist the

parties in resolving a dispute over access enforcement.

IV PRE-TRIAL CONFERENCE PROCEDURE

In matrimonial matters, all pre-trial conferences are for the

purpose of attempting to achieve a settlement of the issues.

As part of any settlement, parties may agree to such terms and

conditions as are necessary to give effect to the agreement.

Where difficulties arise in carrying out the provisions of the

agreement, the pre-trial conference may be resumed to deal with

these difficulties.

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V THE DIVORCE ACT, 1985

An Order or jUdgment under the Divorce Act for support, custody

or access or an Order varying the same, except a Provisional

Order, may be registered in a province and enforced as an Order

or judgment of that Province.

20. (1) In this section, "court", in respect of a province, hasthe meaning assigned by subsection 2 (1) and includes suchother court having jurisdiction in the province as isdesignated by the Lieutenant Governor in council of theprovince as a court for the purposes of this section.

(2) SUbject to subsection 18(2), an order made undersection 15, 16 or 17 or subsection 19(9) has legal effectthroughout Canada.

(3) An order that has legal effect throughout Canadapursant to subsection (2) may be

( a ) registered in any court in a province andenforced in like manner as an order of thatcourt; or

(b) enforced in a province in any other mannerprovided for by the laws of that province.

SASKATCHEWAN RULES OF COURT

611. Where a support order, custody order, variation order orinterim support or custody order has been made in Canadaunder the Divorce Act, the registration of such orderpursuant to subsection 20(3) of that Act shall be effectedby filing an exemplification or certified copy of the orderin the office of the Court, at any jUdicial centre, with awritten request that it be registered.

22

APPENDIX A

ABDUCTION IN CONTRAVENTION OF CUSTODY ORDER282. Everyone who, being the parent, guardian or person havingthe lawful care or charge of a person under the age of fourteenyears, takes, entices away, conceals, detains receives or harboursthat person, in contravention of the custody provisions of acustody order in relation to that person made by a court anywherein Canada, with intent to deprive a parent or guardian, or anyother person who has the lawful care or charge of that person, ofthe possession of that person is guilty of(a) an indictable offence an liable to imprisonment for a term not

exceeding ten years; or(b) an offence punishable on summary conviction. 1989-81-82-83,

c. 125, s. 20.

an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a termnot exceeding ten years; oran offence punishable on summary conviction.

No proceedings may be commenced under subsection (1) withoutconsent of the Attorney General or counsel instructed by himthat purpose. 1980-81-83-83, c. 125, s. 20.

(b)(2)thefor

ABDUCTION WHERE NO CUSTODY ORDER --Consent required.283. (1) Everyone who, being the parent, guardian or personhaving the lawful care or charge, of a_person under the age offourteen years, takes, entices away, conceals, detains, receivesor harbours that person, in relation to whom no custody order hasbeen made by a court anywhere in Canada, with intent to deprive aparent or guardian, or any other person who has the lawful care orcharge of that person, of the possession of that person, is guiltyof(a)

DEFENCE284. No one shall be found guilty of an offence under sections 281to 283 if he establishes that the taking, enticing away,concealing, detaining, receiving or harbouring of any young personwas done with the consent of the parent, guardian or other personhaving the lawful possession, care or charge of that young person.1980-81-82-83, c. 125, s. 20.

DEFENCE285. No one shall be found guilty of an offence under sections 280to 283 if the court is satisfied that the taking, enticing away,concealing, detaining, receiving or harbouring of any young personwas necessary to protect the young person from danger of imminentharm. 1980-81-82-83, c. 125, s. 20.

DEFENCE286. In proceedings in respect of an offence under sections 280to 283, it is not a defence to any charge that a young personconsented to or suggested any conduct of the accused.1980-81-82-83, c. 125, s. 20.

23

APPENDIX B

MODEL C~RGING GUIDELINES

INTERPROVINCIAL PARENTAL C~ILD rlBUDCTION

A. Under Section 262 of the C~:minal Code charcres mav be laidwhere:

1. A child under the age of 14 is involved.

2. There is a cour~ order gran~ed in Canada which is not beingcomplied ·with.

(Note: It is not necessary to register a court order ofcustody granted from one province before criminal chargescan be laid in another. However, inquiries should be madeby the investigative agency charged~with the responsibilityof inves~iqating the type of crime to ascertain whether thecus1:ody order is the last custody order with respect: tocustody ~hat has been granted and that the order is still ineffec1:. )

3. A parent, guara~an or other person having the lawful rightto care for a child takes a child or withholds a child incontravention of the custody te~s of the Canadian custcdyorder.

4. That person is acting wi~~ the intent to deprive the parent,guardian or person having care or charge of the child underthe cou~ order of the possession of the child.

S. A parent, quara~an or o~her person having the lawful care orcharge of the child did no~ consent to the taking ordetention of the child by the other parent.

6. The taking or detention of the child was not clearlyoccasioned by the need to protect the child from danger orimminent harm.

24

2

B. Under Sec~icn 2SJ of the C~~mina1 Code charces mav bew2.r~ante~ where:

1. A c~i1d u~der 14 is involved.

2. No order of a Canadian cour~ exis~s in respec~ of thecustody of the child. However, charges may be laid where anorder of custody has been granced by a cour~ in a foreigncount:::y.

3. A parent, guara~an or person havi~g the lawful righc tocustody 0= the child, takes the child from or out of thecontrol of another parent, guardian or peson having asimilar right to custody of the child with the intent todeprive that parent, guardian or person having possession ofthat child.

4. Consent of the Attorney General or counsel instructed byhi~/her fcr that purpose is received.

5. A parent, guardian or o~~er person having the lawful care orcharge of che child did noe consent to the taking ordetencion of the child, by the other parent.

6. The taking or detention of the child was not clearlYoccasionec by the need to protec~ the child from danger ofimminent harm.

E:G.J.'1PLES OF w"HE~r CHARGES l-f.AY BE AUTHORIZED BYGENERAL ARE AS :OLLOWS:

.,.,t:-:--..- ATTORNEY

(1) A child is taken from circumstances where there is somedegree of pe~anency, (i.e. contrary to an arrangement whichhas existed between the parties for some time or contrary tothe provisions of a written agreement, or

(2) Proceedings have been initiated in the cour~s for custodyand the parent taking the child is frustrating proceedings,or

(3) There are reasonable arounds to believe one parent has aforeign custody order and the parent taking or witholdingthe child is in breach of such order, or

(4) A party has repeatedly breached section 283, or

(5) A child has been taken by a person who may cause ha~ to thechild and ~t appears that provincial legislation isinadequate to ensure the protecticn of the child, or

25

J

(6 ) A oerson takes the child surreotitiouslv and disa9gear3 withth~ child or the person is about to take the child out ofthe count:::-y.

Although technically a charge could be laid in a sit~ation

whe:::-e a parent, in the process of separation, moves out of thehome with the child and remains in the same city, it ~ould beunlikely that a charge would be laid in these circums~ances if itappea:::-s that the parties are attempting to :::-esolve c~stcdy eithe:::­through the courts or by agreement. Aoorooriate orosec~torial

discretion should be exe:::-cised in these circumstances.

The defences under Sections 282 and 283 are as follows:

1. It is a defence if the accused establishes that thetaking of the child was done with the consent of the parent,guardian or other person having the lawful possession, careor charge of the child.

2. It is a defence if the child was taken to protect thechild "from danger of imminent har=.lf. For example,protecting a child from child abuse wculd be a defence.

N.B. It is not a defence to any charge that the yeungperson consented to the conduct of the accused.

APPENDIX C

Elements of the Offence: s.282

R. v. Van Herk (1984), 12 C.C.c. (3d)359 (Alberta C.A.)R. v. Ilczyszyn (1988), 45 c.c.c. (3d)91 (Ontario C.A.)R v. Powless [1989] W.D.P.L. 484 (Ontario Provincial Court)R. v. Hammerbeck [1990] W.D.P.L. 406 (British Columbia Co. Ct.)

Defence of Imminent Harm

R. v. Pamuluk [1989] W.D.P.L. 1191 (Alberta Queen's Bench)R. v. Schellenberg (unreported) attached

Elements of the Offence: s.283

R. v. Cook (1984), 12 c.c.c. (3d)471R. v. Reynolds (1984), 11 c.c.c(3d)248 (N.W.T. S.C.)

... -.- .. _.-----. . ~

. ·.1_·-26

;

I,. ..... ~: ";-< .!

• t, :._::.~~:~ •.~} ~:...~ ,:

. ,',. , -" .. '-", ' : ';IN ,THE COURT:..__ ....- _-_. -- ...... '"

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN

APPELLANT

- and -

STEFANIE SCHELLENBERG

RESPONDENT

File No. 4676, 4683

OF APPEAL FOR SASKATCHEWAN

/'

CORAM: Tallis, Wakeling and Gerwing JJ.A.

JUDGMENT OF THE COURT DELIVERED ORALLY DECEMBER 7, 1989 BYWAKELING J.A.

COUNSEL: Ms. C. Snell for the Crown

The respondent in person

WAKELING J.A.

The appellant, Stefanie Schellenberg, has brought a

conviction and sentence appeal, both of which are dismissed,

leaving for consideration the Crown's appeal against sentence.

We can all understand the disappointment a parent must

experience when he or she fails on an application to the Court for

custody. There is no member of this panel who has not witnessed

the anguish of a parent when denied a request fo~ custody.

What we cannot understand is hew any parent in that

position can conclude the situa~icn is enhan~ed by taking the law

27

-2-

into their own hands. If every disappointed parent were permitted

that avenue of conduct it would mean only the most wealthy and

powerful could hope to succeed in custody disputes. Why then

would any parent be prepared to abide the decision of the courts

if that decision was only the first stage in the anarchy created

by grab and counter-grab.

This Court percelves it to be its duty to see that the

system which society has designed to provide stability in this

difficult and often emotional area is able to provide that

stability. It can only be accomplished by assuring that public

confidence is maintained in the process and respect is established

for the maintenance of its judgments.

It is difficult to know

appropriate in cases of this nature.

the nature and circumstances of

imposition of a severe sentence.

what sentence is precisely

However, it is apparent that

this offence call for the

This appellant. has a previous record of having kidnapped

these children and at that time received a lenient sentence and a

period of probation. She then applied once again to another judge

for custody and on being reje~ted resorted to taking the law into

he~ own hands far a seccnd time. There was obvi~us premeditation

arid the children wet": -c.a;~==n tC' a jll:-~sdiction ·....here retur:l '''as

·:::·~'Jall? impossible. ~ :: d : i r. g t 11 is. she nI) t s n 1y s howeS. h Q "

28

-3-

disrespect for the law of her adopted country, but denied the

father of these children his legal right not just to custody but

to even minimum access. He has been deprived of the pleasures of

parenthood for many years. Even now, Mrs. Schellenberg has failed

to bring back to this jurisdiction the youngest of the two

ch i Idren.

In these circumstances, the sentence must be sufficient to

send a clear message to those who are simi larly tempted, that

their efforts will result in the imposition of a severe sentence.

In this case, we feel the sentence is not adequate to provide the

message which we consider appropriate and therefore we have

allowed the Crown appeal and increase the sentence imposed to two

years less a day.

We were urged by the Crown to impose a heavier sentence

and might well have done so were it not for the fact

Mrs. Schellenberg is 55 years old and no doubt held the genuine

belief that what she did was in the interests of her two

daughters.

29APPENDIX D

CIllLD AND FAMILY SERVICES

Emorgency 7( 1> Where:care

(a) a child is found without his parent or guardian and isin need of assistance to return to his parent or guardian: or

<b) a peace officer:(i) concludes. as a result of an investigation. that achild is in the care of a person who does not have:

(A) a right to custody of the child; or(8) the consent of a person having a right to custodyof the child; and

<ii) has arrested the person or removed the child;

an officer may take custody of the child. provide interim care tothe child and arrange for the child's return to the personentitled to CUflt.nnv or guarnianas soon as possible.

(2) The minister may:

(a) authorize any expenditures required to retu!'n a childto a person entitled to custody or a guardian pursuant tosubsection (1); and

<b) require the person entitled to custody or guardian toreimburse the department for any expenst!s lncurredpursuant to subsection <1>.

APPENDIX E,--"

I:-:TER:-;ATIO~AL CHILD ABDUCTION

BILL

An Act respecting the Application to Saskatchewanof the Convention on the Civil Aspects ofInternational Child Abduction

HER MAJESTY. by and with the advice and consent of theLegislative Assembly ofSaskatchewan. enacts as follows:

1 This Act may be cited as The International Child Abduction Shonlitle

Act.

t::l

7111 If it is necessarv to learn or confirm the whereabouts of aperson in order to gi~e effect to the convention. the minister ~may demand from any person or public body. including Her ~Majesty the Queen in right of Saskatchewan. information with ~respect to the location and address of that person that is in any :;;:record in the possession or control of the person or public body.

(21 Notwithstanding any other Act or law restricting thedisclosure of information. any person or public body. includingHer Majesty the Queen in right of Saskatchewan. that receivesa demand pursuant to subsection (1) shall provide any of thedemanded information that is contained in its records.

(31 If. on application. a judge of Her Majesty's Court ofQueen's Bench for Saskatchewan is satisfied that the ministerhas been refused information after making a demand pursuantto subsection (1). he may. notwithstanding any other Act or lawrestricting the disclosure of information. order any person orpublic body. including Her Majesty the Queen in right ofSaskatchewan. to provide the minister with the demandedinformation in its control.

Aee-ooiai.........

1986)

6 of1986

(Assented to

No.

JJ:::>

2 In this Act:

(a) "conventionW means the Convention on the CivilAspects of International Child Abduction. a copy of whichis set out in the Schedule;

(b) "ministerW means the member of the ExecutiveCouncil to whom for the time being the administration ofthis Act is assigned.

,......,...cation

·_weatian'

'1IIiaioCet'"Ilacj_.toratif~·--......

(4) Where the minister obtains an order pursuant tosubsection (31, the court shall award the costs of theapplication to the minister.

8 The minister shall request the Government of Canada tosubmit a declaration to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of theKingdom of the Netherlands declaring that the conventionextends to Saskatchewan except ~s provided in section 5.

3 If there is a conflict between this Act and any other Act.this Act prevails.

Act ......aila!:,:'ial._ar 9 The minister shall publish in the Gazette the day on which

the convention enters into force in Saskatchewan.

SCHEDULE

CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONALCHILD ABDUCTION

4 On and from the day on which the convention enters intoforce in respect of Saskatchewan as determined by theconvention. except as provided in section 5. the convention is inforce in Saskatchewan and the provisions of the convention arelaw in Saskatchewan.

5 The Crown is not bound to assume any costs resulting underthe convention from the participation of legal counseloradvisors or from court proceedings except to the extent of costsassumed for residents of Saskatchewan pursuant to The LegalAid Act.

c.....tioniar_1IISukaIdMwaA

e..u

ftecuia_

C"",..",.n~f......

10 The Lieutenant Governor in Council may make anyregulations that are necessary to carry out the intent andpurpose of this Act.

11 This Act comes into force on a day to be fixed byproclamation of the Lieutenant Governor.

6 The minister is the Central Authority for Saskatchewan forthe purpose of the convention.

Ccn.ralAu:ltM....I~· Th~ Slal~S su:nalury Lulhl! pr"~,,nl ('-un\·"nt..,n.

Firmly cun\"lnc:"d lhal lh" anl"n"Sb .,.. c:htldr"n ar" uf paramuunl Impurtanc:" In mau"rsrdallnl:' lu lh".r C:U~l..Jy·

w.....

INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

De:;iring to protect children internationally from the harmful effects of their wrongfulremoval or retention and to establi:;h procedures to ensure their prompt return to the Stateof their habitual residence. as well as to secure protection for rights of access.

Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect. and have agreed upon the followingprovisions -

CHAPTER I - SCOPE OF THE CONVENTIONArticle 1

The objects of the present Convention are -

a to secure the prompt return of children wrongfully removed to or retained in anyContracting State: and

b to ensure that rights of custody and of access under the law of one Contracting State areeffectively respected in the other Contracting States.

Article 2

Contracting States shall take all appropriate measures to secure within their territoriesthe implementation of the objects of the Convention. For this purpose they shall use themost expeditious procedures available.

Article 3

The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where -

a it is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person. an institution or any otherbody. either jointly or alone. under the law of the State in which the child washabitually resident immediately before the removal or retention: and

b at the time of removal or retention those rights were actually exercised. either jointlyor alone. or would have been 10 exercised but for the removal or retention.

The rights of custody mentioned in sub-paragraph a above. may arise in particular byoperation of law or by reason of a judicial or administrative decision. or by reason of anagreement having legal effect under the law of that State.

INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

Federal States. States with more than one system of law or States having autonomousterritorial organizations shall be free to appoint more than one Central Authority and tospecify the territorial extent of their powers. Where a State has appointed more than oneCentral Authority. it shall designate the Central Authority to which applications may beaddressed for transmission to the appropriate Central Authority within that State.

Article 7

Central Authorities shall co-operate with each other and promote co-operation amongstthe competent authorities in their respective States to secure the prompt return ofchildren and to achieve the other objects of this Convention.

In particular. either directly or through any intermediary. they shall take all appropriatemeasures -

a to discover the whereabouts of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained:

b to prevent further harm to the child or prejudice to interested parties by taking orcausing to be taken provisional measures:

c to secure the voluntary return of the child or to bring about an amicable resolution ofthe issues:

d to exchange. where desirable. information relating to the social background of the child:

e to provide information of a general character as to the law of their State in connectionwith the application of the Convention:

f to initiate or facilitate the institution of judicial or administrative proceedings with aview to obtaining the return of the child and. in a proper case. to make arrangements fororganizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access:

g where the circumstances so require. to provide or facilitate the provision of legal aidand advice. including the participation of legal counsel and advisers:

h to provide such administrative arrangements as may be necessary and appropriate tosecure the safe .return of the child;

to keep each other informed with respect to the operation of this Convention and. as faras possible. to eliminate any obstacles to its application.

CHAPTER II - CENTRAL AUTHORITIES

Article .,

The Convention shall apply to any child who was habitually resident in a ContractingState immediately before any breach of custody or access rights. The Convention shallcease to apply when the child attains the age of 16 vew.

ArticleS

For the purposes of this Convention -

a 'rights of custod~" lIhall include rights relating to the care of the person of the child and.in particular. the right to determine the child's place of residence:

b 'rights of~ccellS' shall include the right to take a child for a limited period of time to aplace other than the child's habitual residence.

•~rrlt·l.. 6

A Cont'Impose,

nl{ State shall desil{nate a Central Authority to discharge the duties which ar.,the Convention upon such authoriues. -I

CHAPTER III - RETURN OF CHILDRENArticleS

Any person. institution or other body claiming that a child has been removed or retained inbreach of custody rights may apply either to the Central Authority of the child's habitualresidence or to the Central Authority of. any other Contracting. State for assistance insecuring the return of the child.

The application shall contain -

a information concerning the identity of the applicant. of the child and of the personalleged to have removed or retained the child:

b where available. the date of birth of the child:

c: the grounds on which the applicant's claim for return of the child is balled:

d all available information relating to the whereabouts of the child and the identity ofthe person with whom the child is presumed to be.

The application may be accompanied or supplemented by -

f! an authenticated copy of any relevant decision or agreement:

;"(

'--/ INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION---.-./

----/

INTERN ATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

WN

f a certificate or an affidavit emanating from a Central Authority. or other competentauthority of the State of the child's habitual residence. or from a qualified person.concerning the IYle\'ant law of that State:

g an~- other relevant document.

Articl~9

If the Central Authority which receives an application referred to in Article 8 has reasonto believe that the child is in another Contracting State. it shall directly and without delaytransmit the application to the Central Authority of that Contracting State and informthe requl!llting Central Authority. or the applicant. as the case may be.

Artid~ 10

The Central Authority of the State where the child is shall take or cause to be taken allappropriate meuures in order to obtain the voluntary return of the child.

Artid~ 11

The judicial or administrative authorities of Contracting States shall act expeditiously inproceedings for the return of children.

If the judicial or administrative authority concerned has not reached a decision within sixweeks from the date of commencement of the proceedings. the applicant or the CentralAuthority of the requested State. on its own initiative or if asked by the Central Authorityof the requesting :;tate. shall have the right to request a statement of the reasons for thedelay. If a reply is received by the Central Authority of the requested State. that Authorityshall transmit the reply to the Central Authority of the requesting State. or to theapplicant. as the case may be.

Article 12

Where a child has been wrongfully removed or retained in terms of Article 3 and. at thedate of the commencement of the proceedings before the judicial or administrativeauthority of the Contracting State where the child is. a period of less than one vear haselapsed from the date of the wrongful removal or retention. the authority concerned shallorder the return of the child forthwith. -'-'

Where the judicial or administrative authority in the requested State has reason tobelieve that the child has been taken to another State. it may stay the proceedings ordismiss the application for the return of the child.

•4rtlde 13

~otwithstanding the pro\-isions of the preceding Article. the judicial or administrativeauthority of the reqUl!llted State is not bound to order the return of the child if the person.institution or other body which opposes its return establishes that ~

a the person. institution or other body having the care of the person of the child was I)O~

actually exercising the custody rights at the time of removal or retention. or hadconsented to or subsequently acquiesced in the removal or retention: or

b there is a gra..e risk that his or her return would expose t~.e child to physical orpsychological harm or otherwillt: place the child in an intolerable situation.

The judicial or administrative authority may also refuse to order the return of the child ifit finds that the child objects to being returned and has attained an age and degree ofmaturity at which it is appropriate to take account of its views.

In considering the circumst:mces referred to in this Article. the judicial andadministrative authorities shall take into account the information relating to the lIOcialbackground of the child provided by the Central Authority or other competent authority ofthe child's habitual residence.

Article 14

In ascertaining whether there has been a wrongful removal or retention within themeaning of Article 3. the judicial or administrative authorities of the requested State maytake notice directly of the law of. and of judicial or administrative decisions. formallyrecognized or not in the State of the habitual residence of the child. without recourse to thespecific procedures for the proof of that law or for the recognition of foreign decisionswhich would otherwise be applicable.

Article 15

The judicial or administrative authorities of a Contracting State may. prior to the makingof an order for the return of the child. request that the applicant obtain from theauthorities of the State of the habitual residence of the child a decision or otherdetermination that the removal or retention was wrongful within the meaning of Article 3of the Convention. where such a decision or determination ma" be obtained in that State.The Central Authorities of the Contracting States shall ~ far as practicable assistapplicants to obtain such a decision or determination.

Article 16

After receiving notice of a wrongful removal or retention of a child in the sense of Article3. the judicial. or administrative authorities of the Contracting State to which the childhas been removed or in which it has been retained shall not decide on the merits of ri htsof custodv until it has bee e child !UJQ ~u·tlu_med_llJ)~er. thia.

55 an a . n is not lodged within areasonable time following receipt of the notice.

Article 17

The sole fact that a decision relating to custody has been given in or is entitled torecognition in the requested State shall not be a ground for refusing to return a childunder this Convention. but the judicial or administrative authorities of the requestedState may take account of the reasons for that decision in applying this Convention.

Article 18

The provisions of this Chapter do not limit the power of a judicial or administrativeauthority to order the return of the child at any time.

Article 19

A decision under this Convention concerning the return of the child shall not be taken tobe a determination on the merits of any custody issue.

Article 20

The return of the child under the provisions of Article 12 may be refused if this would notbe permitted by the fundamental principles of the requested State relating to theprotection of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

CHAPTER IV - RIGHTS OF ACCESS

The Central Authorities. either directly or through intermediaries. may initiate or assistin the institution of proceedinp with a view to organizing or protecting these rights andsecuring respt!Ct for the conditions to Which the exercise of these rights may be subject.

The Central Authorities are bound by the obligations of co·operation which are set forth inArticle 7 to promote the peaceful enjoyment of access rights and the fulfillment of anyconditions to which the exercise of thoee rights may be subject. The Central Authoritiesshall take steps to remove. as rar as posaible. all obstacles to the exercise of such rights.

Artide21

An application to make arrancements for organizing or securing the effective exercise ofrights of access may be pre_ted to the Central Authorities of the Contracting States inthe same way as an applicatioa for the return of a child.

Upon ordering the return of a child or issuing an order concerning rights of access underthis Convention. the judicial or administrative authorities may. where appropriate. directthe person who removed or retained the child. or who prevented the exercise of rights ofaccess. to pay necessary expenses incurred by or on behalf of the applicant. includingtravel expenses. any costs incurred or payments made for locating the child. the costs oflegal representation of the applicant. and those of returning the child.

Article 27

When it is manifest that the requirements of this Convention are not fulfilled or that theapplication is otherwise not well founded. a Central Authority is not bound to accept theapplication. In that case. the Central Authority shall forthwith inform the applicant or theCentral Authority through which the application was submitted. as the case may be. of itsreasons.

However. a Contracting State may. by making a reservation in accordance with Article 42.declare that it shall not be bound to assume any costs referred to in the precedingparagraph resulting from the participation of legal counselor advisers or from courtproceedings. except insofar as those costs may be covered by its system of legal aid andadvice.

GENERAL PROVISIONSCHAPTER VArtic/~22

No security. bond or deposit. however described. shall be required to guarantee thepayment of costs and expenses in the judicial or administrative proceedings falling withinthe scope of this Convention.

Artick28

A Central Authority may require that the application be accompanied by a writtenauthorization empowering it to act on behalf of the applicant. or to designate arepresentative so to act.

ww Artic/~23

No legalization or similar formality may be required in the context of this Convention.

Artid~24

Any application. communication or other document sent to the Central Authority of therequested State shall be iD the original lancuage. and shall be accompanied by atranslation into the official language or one of the official languages of the requestedState or. where that is not feasible. a translation into French or English.

However. a Contracting State may. by making a reservation in accordance with Article 42.object to the use of either French or English. but not both. in any application.communication or other document sent to its Central Authority.

Artic/~29

This Convention shall not preclude any person. institution or body who claims that therehas been a breach of custody or access rights within the meaning of Article 3 or 21 fromapplying directly to the judicial or administrative authorities of a Contracting State.whether or not under tne provisionsofthis Convention.

Artick30

Any application submitted to the Central Authorities or directly to the judicial oradministrative authorities of a Contracting State in accordance with the terms of thisConvention. together with documents and any other information appended thereto orprovided by a Central Authority. shall be admissible in the courts or administrativeauthorities of the Contracting States.

Artick25

Nationals of the Contractinc States and persons who are habitually resident within thoseStates shall be entitled in matters concerned with the application of this Convention tolegal aid and advice in any other Contracting State on the same conditions as if they.themselves were nationals ofand habitually resident in that State.

Artic/~26

Each Central Authority shall bear its own COlts in applying this Convention.

Central Authorities and other public services of Contracting States shall not impose anycharges in relation to applications submitted under this Convention. In particular. theymay not require any payment from the applicant towards the costs and expenses of theproceedings or. where applicable. those arising from the participation of legal counseloradvisers. Ho' ·'er. they may require the payment of the expenses incurred or to beincurred in i .menting the retUrn of the child.

Artic/~ 31

In relation to a State which in matters of custody of children has two or more systems oflaw applicable in different territorial unita -

a any reference to habitual residence in that State shall be construed as referring tohabitual residence in a territorial unit of that State:

b any reference Wthe law of the State of habitual residence shall be construed asreferring to the law of the temtorial unit in that State where the child habituallyresides.

Artide32

In relation to a State which in matters of custodv of children has two or mor~ - -t.~ms of\w applicable to different categories of persons: any refer~n<:~ to th~ law of State

--.;hall be constru~d as referring to the legal system sp~cifi~d by the law of that Sta."-.

..>::-

'- " INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

Article 33

A State within which different territorial units have their own rules of law in respect ofcustody of children shall not be bound to apply this Convention where a State with aunified system of law would not be bound to do so.

Article 34

This Convention shall take priority in matters within its scope over the Convention of 5October 1961 concerning the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of theprotection of minors. as between Parties to both Conventions. Otherwise the presentConvention shall not restrict the application of an international instrument in forcebetween the State of origin and the State addressed or other law of the State addressed forthe purpo:;es of obtaining the return of a child who has been wrongfully removed orretained or oforganizing access rights.

Article 35

This Convention shall apply as between Contracting States only to wrongful removals orretentions occurring after its entry into force in those States. •

Where a declaration has been made under Article 39 or 40. the reference in the precedingparagraph to a Contracting State shall be taken to refer to the territorial unit or units inrelation to which this Convention applies.

Article 36

Nothing in this Convention shall prevent two or more Contracting States. in order to limitthe restrictions to which the return of the child may be subject. from agreeing amongthemselves to derogate from any provisions of this Convention which may imply such arestriction.

CHAPTER VI - FINAL CLAUSESArticle 37

The Convention shall be open for signature by the States which were Members of theHague Conference on Private International Law at the time of its Fourteenth Session.

It shall be ratified. accepted or approved and the instruments of ratification. acceptance orapproval shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of theNetherlands.

Article 38

Any other State may accede to the Convention.

The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of theKingdom of the Netherlands.

The Convention shall enter into force for a State acceding to it on the first day of the thirdcalendar month after the deposit of its instrument of accession.

The accession will have effect only as regards the relations between the acceding Stateand Jluch Contracting States as will have declared their acceptance of the accession. Sucha declar.ltion will also have to be made by any Member State ratifying. accepting orapproving the Convention after an accession. Such declaration shall be deposited at theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands: this :'1inistry shallforward. through diplomatic channels. a certified copy to each of the Contracting States.

----./

INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

The Convention will enter into force as between the acceding State and the State that hasdeclared its acceptance of the accession on the first day of the third calendar month afterthe deposit,of the declar.ltion of acceptance.

Article 39

Any State may. at the time of signature. ratification. acceptance. approval or accession.declare that the Convention shall extend to all the territories for the internationalrelations of which it is re.;ponsible. or to one or more of them. Such a declaration shall takeeffect at the time the Convention enters into force for that State.

Such declaration. as well as any subsequent extension. shall be notified to the Ministry ofForeign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Article 40

If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of laware applicable in relation to matters dealt with in this Convention. it may at the time ofsignature. ratification. acceptance. approval or accession declare that this Conventionshall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and may modify thisdeclaration by submitting another declaration at any time.

Any such declaration shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom ofthe Netherlands and shall state expressly the territorial units to which the Conventionapplies.

Article 41

Where a Contracting State has a system of government under which executive. judicialand legislative powers are distributed between central and other authorities within thatState. its signature or ratification. acceptance or approval of. or accession to thisConvention. or its making of any declaration in terms of Article 40 shall carry noimplication as to the internal distribution of powers within that State.

Article 42

Any State may. not later than the time of ratification. acceptance. approval or accession.or at the time of making a declaration in terms of Article 39 or 40. made one or both of thereservations provided for in Article 24 and Article 26. third paragraph. No otherreservation shall be permitted.

Any State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has made. The withdrawal shall benotified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

The reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar monthafter the notification referred to in the preceding paragraph.

Article 43

The Convention shall enter into force on the first dav of the third calendar month after thedeposit of the- third instrument of ratification. acc';ptance. approval or accession referredto in Articles 3. and 38.

Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force -

for each State ratifying. accepting. approving or accedin~ to it subsequently. on thefirst day of the third calendar month after the deposit of its instrument of r.ltificataon.acceptance. approval or accession:

wVI

INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION

2 for anv territor\' or territorial unit to which the Convention hUli been extended inconfor~ity with"Article 39 or 40. on the first du~· of the third calendar month after thenotificatiun refern.od to in that Article.

Artit"!C! -1-1

The Convention shall remain in force for five years from the date of its entry into force inaccordan<."e with the first paragraph of Article 43 even for States which oIub:iequently haveratified. accepted. approved it or acceded to it. If there has been no denunciation. it shallbe renewed tacitly every five years.

Any denunciation shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom ofth.. N..therlands at least six months before the expiry of the five year period. It may belimited to certain of the territories or territorial units to which the Convention applies.

The denunciation shall have efCect only as regards the State which has notified it. TheConvention shall remain in force Cor the other Contracting States.

Artide45

The Ministry oC Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall notify the StatesMembers of the Conference. and the States which have acceded in accordance with Article38. of the following -

1 the signatures and ratifications. acceptances and approvals referred to in Article 37:

2 the accessions referred to in Article 38:

3 the date on which the Convention enters into Corce in accordance with Article 43:

4 the extensions reCerred to in Article 39:

5 the declarations referred to in Articles 38 and 40:

6 the reservations referred to in Article 24 and Article 26. third paragraph. and thewithdrawals referred to in Article 42:

7 the denunciations referred to in Article 44.

In witness whereof the undersigned. being duly authorized thereto. have signed thisConvention.

Done at The Hague. on the 25th day of October 1980 in the English and French languages.both texts being equally authentic. in. a single copy which shall be deposited in thearchives of the Government of the Kingdom oC the Netherlands. and of which a certifiedcopy shall be sent. through diplomatic channels. to each of the States Members of theHague Conference on Private International Law at the date of its Fourteenth Session.

"'n~ llA£.iUt: Ul'IVtNrl~ ~ 'UII:: CIVIL ASPEa'l'S ~. ~I~ aUlD AWIJ.:'l'ICN*

(ClJnclOOed al Ck.-tc.ber 25. 1900**; batry into force al~r 1. 1983)LIST OF <XNl'R1tCl'1OO STATES AND SIGW\TORIES

~.

Rt.VISEJFJ:nNlJARY )

SOO'ES

Australia

SIGNN1'URl:':*** \RATU'ICP:rION\ FNl'l« INroPORCE

29-~t 86-r-~-CEt86-IOTJan 87

CtNl'AAL Al1l\iORIT'i

CoDlDCX1wealth -Central-AuthOr!tysecretaryAttorney-General •s DeparbnentNational Circuit. Barton A.C.T. 2600tel: (062) 71 9111 telex: 62002telefax number: (062) 73 4272 cc 73 3385contact: f-1r. ravid Wallace (062) 71 9368 cc

Mrs. Beatrice Taylor (062) 71 9377

State Central AuthoritiesDirectorDeparbRent of Children' s services. Q..leensland

secretary, Department of CGmnunity DevelopmentN:>rthern Terri tory

Director-GeneralDepartment of OoJomunity services. Victoria

Director-GeneralDepartment of Youth & O:mnunity servicesNew South wales

Director for CoInanunity welfareDepartment for canmuni ty We! fare, Tasmania

Commissioner, western Australian EQlice Dept.\estern Australia

CbIIIniasioner. South Australian EQlice Dept.South Australia

RESERVATIQSpermi ttb3 by Articlt

>"d"dt>:IZoH~

t"%j

W0\

Director of Welfare. Department of Territories. Australian Capital Territory

* - 'fext jlli:lY be found in IlDst provincial implementing legislation or in Hague Cbnference on Private International Law,Q.)ll~ctions of Cawentions (1951-1980) p.264.

** - Of the 29 goveruuaentl:i which aljreed to the Draft Convention on Civil Aspects of International Child AtdlCtion at the Hon 25 O::tooor 1980, the following are not yet Signatories or Ccntractiog States: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Dennark.AralJ l~t>Wlic of E'tJ¥pt, f'inland, lrtllaoo, Israel. Japan, Surinan, Sweden, Turkey, Venezuela and Yugoslavia.

*** - if a State has only sign~, it is not a Contracting State.

1N'~I~L CHill ABux:rl<»l-2-

REVISIDFtll1~JARY 199

~~ SIGi"'P:I\Jtlli* I AA'fU'lCKfION J?Nrt« INrO~

CENl'lW.. A1llUORITY RI:Sl:]{VATICNSpermitted by Artie1.

see list of ,Acceding States on vage 8.

T5J3W7Fax: (403) 425-0307

Awtria

Belgium

Belize

canada

Provinces &.

'rerri todes

Alberta

12 May 87

11 Jan 82

25 o::t 80

14 Jul 88

02 JWl 83

01 D::t 88

01 I:ec 83

01 Feb 87

Das Bundesministerium FUr Justiz,Abteilung I 10Postfach 63A-I016 Vienna

Secretariat: (222) 9622-147Telex Nb. 13/1264 Telefax: (222) 9622-727

Contact:~. Werner SChUtz tel: (222) 9622-134

(speaks J:bgl ish and Gennan)lor. Ihor Tarko tel: (222) 9622-116

(speaks J:bglish and German)Mr. w:>lfgang Reishofer Tel: (222) 9622-282

(speaks English, French and German)

n-rnl :>'~ () (V\iJ/Vl~)DfYlJ. 11 .ll' l;;. '... tv\ ./, .p",,'¥ ~ ~ ( '" C:.. ",c...r,l" i \ ,( v"'..) ~·4·4 \1 't: ," I"( (l':: ) ~ ~ L lj l..Minister of Justice and Attorney General ofcanada as represented by I:anestic Legalservices DepartJnent of External Affairs (J[)3)'lb~r C, 7th Floor, Lester B. PearSO[1 Bldg.125 SUssex D:ive, Ottawa, KlA 002O:>ntact: 1-1s. N. 0 I Brien Tel: (613) 992-6299Mr. Richard Fiutowski Tel: (613) 992-8608Telex: 053-3745 Telefax: (613) 992-2467

Attorney General of AlbertaDirector, Family Law6th Floor, J .E. Bro~ee Bldg.10365 - 97th StreetFanonton, AlbertaTel: (403) 422-3715

Art. 26(3) -costs 01court proceedings anclegal counsel covereeonly within system 01legal aid and advice.

l.V......

* If a State t~~ Q11y signed, it is not a Contracting State.

~ICH\L C.HILD AIlIl.Cl'IW-3-

m.vISEDFI:1lRUARY l'

STA~

Briti::;hColuni>ia

Manitoba

New Brullswick

l~wfuun,jland

SIGtJA'I\JHJ::* I RATlf ICA'l'ION fNrl« nrrofORCE

01 Dac 83

01 Dec 83

01 Dec 83

01 eet 84

CEl.'n'RAL AlJIHORITY

r~nistry of Attorney GeneralLegal services Branch, 1301 - 865 lbrnby St.Vancouver, British CoIlJllbia, V6Z 2H4Cbntact: 1-15. Allisoo BurnetTel: (604) 660-3093 Fax N:>: 660-2636

Attorney General of l-1anitoba, 100m 104Legislative Building, Winnipeg, ManitobaR3C rN8Cbntact: Ms. lbbyn Diam:>ndTel: (204) 945-2841 Telex: 075-7346

Attorney General of New BrunswickP.C>. Box 6000, Rcx>m 551, Centennial BuildingFredericton, N.B. E3B 5HlCbntact: Mr. R. MJrray Tel: (506) 453-2784Telex: 0144-6230

Attorney General of Newfoundland5th Floor, Confederatioo BuildingPrince Philip Drive, St. Jchn's Nfld AlC 5T7Cbntact: Mr. A. Faour Tel: (709) 576-2887Telex: 16-4197

RESERVATIWSpemitted by Article

Art. 26(3) - costs 0:

court proceedings al"If:

legal counsel covere.cnly within system 0

legal aid and advice

Art. 26(3) - costs 01court proceedings al"If:

legal counsel covera.only within system 0

legal aid and advice

Art. 26(3) - costs 01court proceedings ar¥.

legal counsel covera.cnly within syst~ 01legal aid and advice

w00

Nova SCotia

tbrthwestTerritories

01 f1ay 84 IAttorney General of Nova SCotia5151 George Street, Suite 900, P.O. Box 7Halifax, N.S. B3J 2L6Cbntact: Mr. G. Conrad Tel: (902) 424-4041Telex: 0192-2693

01 April 88 IMinister of Justice of the NorthwestTerritories, Legal Division, Gov. of N.W.T.Yellowknife, N.W.T. XlA 2L9

Cbntact: Ms. Oleryl WalkerTel: (403) 873-7466 Teleoopier: (403)873-0106Telex: 034-45531 or 034-45528

Art. 26(3) - costs ojcourt proceedings aJ¥legal counsel covereionly wi thin system 01legal aid and advice

Art. 26(3) - costs ofcourt proceedings anClegal counsel covereeonly within system oflegal aid and advice.

* If a State has only Siylltlll, it is not a Contracting State.

INl~ICtiAl. QlllD ABl.lJCTlOO-4-

Hl!VISIDF£l!NlJMY 1990

SD\~

Q'ltario

SIGNA'NHl::* I lWrU'I~rION &m« llllOFaCE

01 ~ 83

CENl'RAL AUlUORITY

Crown Law Office - Civiltli.nistry of the Attorney General8th Floor, 720 Bay StreetToronto, CX1tario, MSG 2KlCbntact: Ms. Susan Heal Tel: (416) 326-4160

Ms. Bella Fbx Tel: (416) 326-4099Telecopier/Fclx number: (416) 326-4181

RESERVATIWSpermitted by Articl~

Art. 26(3) - costs ofoourt proceedings andlegal oounsel covered0011' within system oflegal aid and advice.

Telex: 0513-1650i .: \ r ~ "'oK', Y I '6" (,~ c. .

'l:'l~

Deputy f·tinister, Department of Justice105 Rochford Street, P.o. Box 2000Olarlottetown, P. E. I., CLA 7N8Cbntact: t-1r. A. Currie Tel: (902) 892-5411Telex: 014-44154

Princ~ &lw:trdIsland

Q..IOOec

01 May 86

01 Jan 85 Direction generale du oontentieuxMinistere de la Justice du ().Jebec1200, R::>ute de l'Eglise, Sainte-Fby,GIV 4tU ~.Ie., .. ' \'Cbntact: Me Jean~ or

Ms. Lyne t'lartineauTel: (418) 643-1436

().Je.

Art. 26(3) - costs ofcourt procee.Hngs andlegal oounse1 covered0011' within system oflegal aid and advice.

Art. 24 - when origin00cs neither in Frencnor English. Frenchtranslation required.

Art. 26(3) - costs ofcourt proceedings and,legal counsel oovered0011' wi thin system oflegal aid and advice.

W\0

SaskatcllClwan

YukonTClrritory

01 tbv 86

01 Feb ti5

Departrent of Justice, Policy, Planning andEvaluation Branch, Public Law & Policy Div.

1874 5carth StreetRegina, Saskatchewan S4P 3V7Cbntact: Ms. B.A. Potruf f or Ms. C. SnellTel: (306) 787-8954 Telex: 0712586~ax: (306) 787-3874

Deputy Minister of Justice, Box 2703Vbitehorse, Yukon, YlA 2C6Cbntact: Mr. 'llonas E. Ull}'ettTel: (403) 667-5412 Telex: 036-8260

Art. 26(3) - oosts ofcourt proceedings and,legal oounsel ooveredonly within system oflegal aid and advice.

Art. 26(3) - oosts ofcourt proceedings and,legal counsel oovered001' within system oflegal aid and advice.

* If a Stat~ is 0111' siyned, it is rot d COntracting State.

~IOOAL OIIID ABIlCfIW-5-

RE.VISIDFEllRI.P.RY 1990

25 <k:t 80

~ ... I SIGNA'I\Jl~· I AATlr'I~rION I mrRY nrroFOlCE

F~Jeral Rep:--,-()lif sap fI1of GenDany

France I 25 ~t 80 I 16 sep 82 I 01 Dec 83

Greece

C»lI'RAL AUU!ORITY

t-1inistere de la Justice, Bureau de l' EntraideJudiciaire Internationale, 13 PlaceVendame, 75001 Paris Tel: (1) 42.61.80.22Cbntact: Me. P. M::>nin-Uersant, Uead ofsection, or Me. B. Sturlese, Deputy to Headof Office h: \.. (I) IJ') .• 7 , - (,,> -~"

Telecopier: No. 42.96.37.09 Telex: 211802r i , .. f;''-)r: (, ) ..., LJ 77 be "') 0

.. ..\" 1,)\11./-)1 b1-'ii '·/"" ::; ~~. t( ,/ .' ....... ~.. • I

. . I' ( \ 11.1 - J "") - f..,·3 - 'F;'[(V\ E'; " f> r ' 0,.) c. -i 0: • ,. T"T

RESmVATIWSpermitted by Article

Art. 24 - allapplications,communications and otdocuments sent to theu.s. Central Authori tshould be accompaniedtheir translation intEnglish.

Art.26(3) - costs ofoourt proceedings andlegal oounsel ooveredally within system oflegal aid and advice.

~o

ttn:JarY

Italy

see list of Acceding States on page 8.

02 Har 87

ulxeoOOOUrg 16 Dec U4 08 cx::t 86 01 Jan 87 Is Procureur general d'Etat, Palais deJustice B.P. 15 L-2010, ll.utelllbourgCbntact: Me. Claude Nioolay, General CounselTel: 475981-278 cr HI". FdIllond GerardTel: 475981-332secretariat: Tel: 273-94 or 475981-336Telefax: 470550

Art. 26(3) - oosts ofoourt proceedings andlegal oounsel coveredally within syst~n oflegal aid and advice.

tbrllilY 09 Jan 89 01 Apr 89 lJustisdepartenentetRettshjelpskontorPostboks 8005 llep0030 CSlo 1Tel: 02-349090

*1£ a State has only signed, it is not a Contracting State.

~ICtiAI C,tuW ABIJJCl'IW-6-

REVISEDFEWU\RY' 1990

SfA'l't:: SluNATU~***1 ~rlfl~rI~ 9ft"RY' nrroFaa

CENl'RAL AIJ'lUORI'lY RFSERVATICNSpermitted by Artic1.

Portugal 11 Jun 82 29 s.=,p 83 01 Dec 83 IDirece;ao-Gera1 dos servic;os, 'l\1te1ares de~nores do Ministerio da Justic;aAvenida Almirante Reis, 1011197 Lisboa Codex, Portugal(bntac: Dr. 1-1eneres Barbosa (speaks French)

Mrs. Baptista Lopez (speaks French)Mrs. Trigo de Sousa (speaks English

& French) tel: 52 30 70

22 March 89 I 01 June 89

Spain

Sloeden

&.dtzerland

07 Feb 86

25 CCt 00

16 June 87

11 C£t 83

01 sep 87

01 Jan 134

secretaria General, Tecnica.del Ministeriode Justica, San Bernardo, 45, 28015, 1-1adrid(bntact: A. Laguia ArrazolaTel: (1)521-7046 or (091) 521-7046 for calls

wi thin SpainTelex: 225451 Answerback KJUST 22545Telefax: (1)522-1539

Ministry for Fbreign AffairsBox 16121, 10323 StockholmCbntact: l-is. t-1aud BergkvistTel: (8) 786 60 59 or 786 60 00 crt-r. GreIs zakrissonTel: (8) 7a6 60 46 or (8) 786 60 00Telefax: (8) 723 11 76 Telex: 10590

Office fEderal de la JusticeAutori te centrale en matiere d' enlevementinternational d'enfants, 3003 Berne, Suisse(bntact: B. Deschenaux Tel: (031) 61.41.18

Nioolette Rusca Tel: (031) 61.41.08Mbnique Jametti-Greiner Tel: (031) 61.41.34General secretariat Tel: (031) 61.41.22Telex: 911-268 Telefax: (031) 61 78 64(Languages :French, German, Italian & Ehglish)

Art. 26(3) - costs 0

oourt proceedings an.legal oolD1Sel oovereccnly wi thin SystaJR 01legal aid and advice

Art.26(3) - costs ofoourt proceedings anClegal counsel coveredcnly within system oflegal aid and advice.

.p­

......

* If a State has only signoo, it is not a Contracting State.

IN'rt:»1ATICtiAL CltILl> AWl.CfIal

- 7 -

REVISEDFWlIJoIUn' 1989

STA'J'I:S

Uni t&l Ki n9OO111& fol:' En~laoo

fa \~les

for lbrthernIrelar..:!

for Scotland

SIGNNNllli*

19 N::>v 04

NAT [ ...~ I~rION

20 r-1c1y 86

fNrI« IN1'Ol'\JJa

01 Aug 06

CEl-lI'RAL AIJI\fORITY

'!he lord Chancellor 's DepartJnentTrevelyan tbuse30 Great Pe~e~ S~re~~(\ IDndon &WIP 213~~')oo.Cbntact: ~~~t'e't:er-weide' '" Tel: (01) 210- . (':or Ms. (kiir~:~'ihorniey'">Tel: (01) 210-870 '~~l;;bTelex: 29 69 33 (in cases of extreme urgency)Telefax: (01) ~1-O=aSS9O=ot="(0l":}~210 8549·

.~~!:: »t d~·- 071 - 1. \" •.~ ~i 5'"1N:>rthern Ireland Court service, Windsor Ibuse9/15 Bedford Street, Belfast BT 7LTN:>rthern IrelandCbrltact: Mr. J.W. Bailie Tel. (0232)228-594

Office of '!he secretary of State for SCOtland'!he Scottish COurts Administration26/27 Ihyal 'rerrace, Fdinburgh, Eli7 5AHCbntact: 1-1r. Gordon Temple or Mrs. SusanSutherland Tel: 031-556-0755 Ext. 211 or 208Telefax: 031) 556-3604

RESERVATICNSpermitted by Article

Art. 26(3) - costs ofcourt proceedings andlegal col.lnSel ooveredooly within system oflegal aid and advice.

+:­N

lbited States 23 Dt:!c 81 29 Af1r 00 01 July 00 IOffice of Citizens Consular Art. 24 - allservices (CA/OCS/O:S) , Room, 4817, Department applications,of State, . COIUnunications and at)W=lshington, D.C. 20520 6 y ·7··~/;U, documents sent to theMr. 9a,,9\~ Di~~ac~do Tel: (202) 6474666- u.S. Central Authorit}loS. bi8~laab1a5f~. '1'8!-t-t2G2-}-641-31l2' soould be accClmptniedl·S. Consuela Pacoon [u..~.\ ') Tel.-{-202 )-647-3712 -. their transla tion int(Telefax: (202) 647-6201 English.Telex number: 64184 addressed to sec StateCAjOCSja::s IArt. 26(3) - oosts ofFrench Capability oourt proceedings aMI

legal counsel coveredooly wi thin system oflegal aid and advice.

* If a State has only signed, it is rot a COntracting State.

I.N'l'ERWrICN\L QllLD AIl1l£l'ICN

- 8 -

llf:."VISl::DFmRLlAllY 1990

ALn:Dmi AC~ION ACCEPfANCE ENl"l« INro CENrRAL AIJIHORITY RI:SERVATICNSS'OO'tS* BY CANAOA FOla IN permitted by Article

CHIAD\

Belize 22 Jun 09 01 5ep 89

1lungary** 07 Apr 86 26 Jan 8U 01 April 88 Department of International law andInternational RelationsDr. Tamas Ban, DirectorTel: 318-188(speaks English & French )Dr. Klara Nemeth, Deputy DirectorTel: 318-188(speaks German & French)f-unistry of Justice, v. Szalay utca 161363 Uudapest, HungaryO:>ntact: Dr. Katalin Benedek (speaks El"¥jlish)Or. Eva lbrvath (speaks Russian and French)or. 1-1arianna Szekely (speaks Er\3lish)Dr. Josef Geher (speaks German, French andEnglish)or. Gabor Uidasi (speaks German, English &Italian)Tel: 326-170

325-330325-550318-188 (secretary of the Department)

Telex: 224998

• Pursuant to parc:tyraph 4 of Article 38 of the Cbnvention, the accession will have effect only as regards the relations betwetthe ac(.;""Hng State and such Contracting States as will have declared their acceptance of the accession.

** (})Iw~ntioJl is cL1rr~ntly in force between Hungary and the following State: United Kingdom, lmcembourg, France, canada, AustrcanJ lhitoo States (as of July 1, 1988).

~

w

44

APPENDIX G

Hill v. Hill [1989] W.o.F.L. 649 (Ontario Provincial Court)Parsons v. styger [1989] W.O.F.L. 483 (Ontario H.C.)Kelly v. Williams [1988] W.O.F.L. 2076 (AlbertaC.A.)

Grave Risk Defence:

A. V. A" Re A (A minor) (1987) Times 13 June, C.A.

APPENDIX H

REQUEST FOR RETURN

Haque Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of

International Chi.ld Abduction

REQUETE EN VUE DU RETOUR

Convention de La Haye du 25 octobre 1980 sur les aspects civils de

l'enlevement international. d ' en£ants

ANTRAG AUF RUEC~GA.BE

Haager Uebereinkommen vom 25. Oktober 1980 uber die zivilrechtlichen Aspekte

internationaJ.er ltindesentfUhrungen

RICHIESTA IN VISTA DEL RITORNO

Convenzione dell'Aia del 25 ottobre 1980 sugli aspetti civili del

rapi.m.ento internazi.onal.e di. Ddnori.

45

- 2

REQUESTING CENTRAL AUTHORITY OR APPLICANT

AUTORlTE CENTRALE REQUERANTE au REQUERANT

ERS UCHENDE ZENTRALE BEHOERDE oom ANTRAGS'l'ELLER

AUTORITA CENTRALE 0 INOIVIOUO RICHIEDENTE

,REQUESTED AUTHORITY

AUTORITE REQUISE

ERSUCHTE BEHOERDE

AUTORI~ RICHIESTA

Concerns the following child ••••••••••••.••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••...••••

who will attain the age of 16 on •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 •••

Concerne l'enfant•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••.••••••

qui aura 16 ans le •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.• 19 •••

Betrifft das Kind, ...........................................................das das 16. Lebensjahr vollendet am ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 •••

Coneerne 11 minore •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••

che compira 16 anni 11 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 •••

NOTE: The following particulars should be completed insofar as possible.

NOTE: Les rubriques suivantes doivent etre remplies de la fa~on la pluscomplete possible.

ANMERKUNG: Die folgenden Spalten sollen so ausfuhrlich wie m8glich ausgefulltwerden.

NOTA: I.e sequenti rubriche devono essere compilate nel modo pili completopossibile.

46

3 -

I mENTITY OF THE CHILD AND ITS PARENTSIDENTlTE DE L I EH!'lU1'r ET DES PARENTSIDENTITAET DES KDmES UND SEINER ELTEBBIDENTITA DEL Ml:NORE E DEI GEHI'l'ORl:

1. ChildEnfantfindMinore

Name and first namesNom et prenomsName und VornamenCoqnome e nom! .........................................Date and place of birth if knownDate et lieu de naissance (si connus)Geburtsdatum und -ort, falls bekanntData e luogo di nascita (se conosciuti) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Habitual residence before removal or retentionResidence habituelle avant llenlevementGewohnlicher Aufenthalt vor dem Verbrinqen oder Zu~uckhalten

Dimora abituale prima del rapimento

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 •• 0 ••

...........................................................•...................

Passport or identity cart No., if anyPasseport ou carte dlidentite No (slil y a lieu)Nummer des Reisepasses oder Personalausweises, falls vorhandenPassaporto 0 carta d'identita n. (se del caso)

· .· .Description and photo. if possible (see annexes)Siqnalement et eventuellement photo (voir annexes)Personenbeschreibunq und wenn moqlich Lichtbild (siehe Anlaqen)Connotati ed eventualmente fotoqrafia (vedi alleqati)

· .· .

47

- 4 -

2 ParentsParentsElternGenitori.

2.1 MotherMereMutterMadre

Name and first namesNom et prenomsName und VornamenCognome e nomi

Date and place of birthDate et lieu de naissanceGeburtsdatum und -ortData e luogo di nascita

NationalityNationaliteStaatsangehorigkeitCittadinanza

OccupationProfessionBerufProfessione

Habitual residenceResidence habituelleGewohnlicher AufenthaltDimora abituale

· .

· .

· ' .

· .

.........................................Passport or identity cart No. if anypasseport au carte d'identite No (s'!l y a lieu)Nummer des Re!sepasses oder Personalausweisses, falls vorhandenPassaporto 0 carta d'identita n. (se del caso)

..............•.•.....•.............. - .....•...................................

48

- 5 -

FatherPereVaterPadre

Name and first namesNOIll et prenOlllsName und VornamenCognollle e nom

Date and place of birthDate et lieu de naissanceGeburtsdatum und -ortData e luogo di nasci ta

NationalityNationaliteStaatsangehorigkeitCittadinanza

OccupationProfessionBerufProfessione

Habitual residenceResidence habituelleGewohnlicher AufenthaltDimora abituale

· .

· .

· .

..................•......................

· .Passport or identity card No. if anyPasseport ou carte d'identite No (s'il y a lieu)Nummer des Reisepasses oder Personalausweises, falls vorhandenPassaporto 0 carta d'identita n. (se del caso)

..................•......•••.............•.....•..............................

2.3 Date and place of aarriage if anyDate et lieu du aariage (s 'il y a lieu)Datum und Ort den Ehesch!iessuuq, falls vorhandenData e luogo del matrimonio (se del caso)

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

49

- 6 -

II - REQOESTXNG D1DXVlDUAL CIl DISTl:~OlI (who actually exercised custodybefore the removal or retention)P~lIEQUERAH'.rB: PERSONHB CD IHSTn.Vr1OH (qui exeryait la gardeeffectivement avant l'enlevement)AH'l'RAGSTEI'..LEHDE PERSON <DER BEHOERDE (die das Sorgerecht vor demVerbringen oder Zuruckhalten tatsachlic~.ausgeUbthat)PARTE IUCH:IEDEN'l'E: PERSORA 0 ISTrrtlZIOHE (che eserci tava di fatto la

partria podesta prima del rapimento)

3. Name and first namesNom et prenomsName und VornamenCognome e nond

Nationality of individual applicantNationalite (si personne physique)StaatsangehorigkeitCittadinanza

Occupation of individual applicantProfession (si personne physique)BerufProfessione

AddressAdresseAnschriftIndirizzo

· .

· .

.........................................

· .Passport or identity card No. if anypasseport ou carte d'identite No (s'il y a lieu)Nummer des Reisepasses oder Personalausweises, falls vorhandenPassaporto 0 carta d'identita n. (se del caso)

..............................................................................Relation to the childRelation avec l'enfantBeziehung zum KindRelazione col minore .........................................Name and address of legal adviser, if anyNom et adresse du consei~ler juridique (s'il y a lieu)Name und Anschrift des Rechtsanwalts, falls vorhandenNome e indirizzo de consulente giuridico (se del caso)

...............................................................................

..............................................................................

50

- 7 -

III PLACE WHERE '1'BB CHILD IS 'lDlOGBT oro BEEHDROIT 00 DEVRAXT SB 'lROOVEIl L' EHPAR'1'

ORT; Ali DBH. SICII DAS XDID VER.IIO'.fi.ICII .B&P1NDE'I'LUOGO DJ CUI PO'1'REB8B 'fROVlUISI II. MDlORB

4.1 Information concerning the person alleged to have removed or retainedthe childRenseignements concernant la personne dont il est allegue qu'elle aenleve ou retenu l'enfantAngaben Uber die Person, die das Kind angeblich verbracht oderzUrUckgehalten hatInformazioni riguardanti la persona che si sostiene abbia rapito 0

trattenuto il minore

Name and first namesNom et prenomsName und VornamenCognome e nom! · .Date and place of birth if knownDate et lieu de naissance (si connus)Geburtsdatum und -ort, falls bekanntData e luogo di nascita (se conosciuti) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Nationality, if knownNationatite (si connue)Staatsangehorigkeit, falls bekanntCittadinanza (se conosciuta)

OccupationProfessionBerufProfessione

Last known addressDerniere residence connueLetzte bekannte AnschriftUltima dimora conosciuta

• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e .0 •••

· - .

· .Passport or identity card No. if anyPasseport ou carte d'identite No (s'il y a lieu)Nummer des Reisepasses oder Personalausweises, falls vorhandenPassaporto 0 carta d'identita n. (se del caso)

· .Description and photo if possible (see annexes)Signalement et eventuellement photo (voir annexes)Personenbeschreibung und wenn maglich Lichtbild (5. Anlagen)Connotati ed eventualmente fotografia (vedi allagati)

· .· .· .

51

- 8

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

· .· .of the child

del'enfantdes Kindesdel minore

AddressAdresseAnschriftIndirizzo

Other persons who might be able to supply additional informationrelating to the whereabouts of the child.Autres personnes susceptibles de donner d'autres informations permettantde localiser l'enfant.Andere Personen, die in "der Laqe sein konnten, zusatzlich Angaben uberden Aufenthaltsort des Kindes zu machenAltre persone che possano fornire informazioni atte a localizzare ilminore.

· .• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• a __ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

· .· .IV - TIME, PLACE, DATE AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE WRONGFUL REMOVAL OR

R.B'.rJ!'.:HT:IOHMOMENT, LIEU, DATE ET CIRCONSTANCES DU DEPLACEMENT OU DU NON-RE'l'OUR:ILLI:C:ITBSZEITPUNKT, DATUM UNO tlMSTAENDE DES WIDERRECB'l'LICBEN VER.BR:INGENS COERZCR~

MOMENTO, LUOGO, DATA E CIRCOSTANZE DEL' ILLECI'l'O 'l:RASFER:IMEN'l'O 0MABCM'O lU'l'ORRO

.......•••....•...•••.•...•••....••......•................................•....· .............•....••.•...•.•.•....••............................................· .•....•..•..•..•..••••..•.....••..••............•..................•........................•••...•.•.....••....••..•..........................................· .· .· .· .· .• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 'I ••••••

52

- 9 -

v P'AC'.1'UAL OR LEGAL GROORDS JUS'rI!'YDtG 'rBB REQUESTMOTIFS DB FAn' 00 LEGAOX JUSTIPIART LA REQUB'l'BTATSABCHL1CBB ODD RK::B'l'LICHB GRammE" DIE DD AH'l'RAG RECBTPER'l'IGEN!«>'l'IVX 01 FATl'O 0 01 DIlU'l"'l'O CBB GIOsnPICAHO LA RICBIBS'rA

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• r ..... _ ••••••••••••••••••••••••

...... .....' .· .............•........•..........•..............................................................•.•.......•...•.......................................................................................................•.......................· .· .· ................................................................................· ...................................................................................................................................... .•............. ~ ...•.•...

VI- .CIVIL PROCEBDJ:HGS IB PROGRESSPROCEDURES CIVl:LES BR COORSANBAENGlGE ZIVn.VERPABRBRPROCEDIMBHTI CJ:VILJ: IB CORSO

· .....................................•...................................................................•............................................................................•.•..•.......................•.•........................•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

.............................•..................................................

......................•..........•.................••...........•..............

..................•........•...•....•..........................................

............................•..........•.......................................

.•...........................••.....••..•......................................· .· .· .

53

- 10 -

VII- CHILD IS TO BE RE'.l'URRED TOL IENFANT DOlT ETRE REMIS ADAS KIND IST ZURrm::JCZUGEBEH ANIL MINORE DEVI ESSERE CORSEGRATO A

a Name and first namesNom e t prenomsName und VornamenCognome e nomi

oa te and place of birthDate et lieu de naissanceGeburtsdatum und -artData e luogo di nascita

AddressAdresseAnschriftIndirizzo

Telephone numberTelephoneTelefonnummerTelefona

.........................................

· .

· .

· .b proposed arrange.eDts for return of the child

Arrange-ents proposes pour le retourvarschliqe, wie die Ruckgabe des Kindes durchgefuhrt werden so11AcCOlaOdaaenti proposti per i1 ri torno

........................................................................

.. ........ ......... ................ .....................................VIII - OTHER REMARKS

AUTRES OBSERVATIONSSONSTIGE BEMERKUNGENALTRE OSSERVAZIONI .

.. ...... ... .. .. .. .. ..... ....... .. . ....... ............ ............. ..... ... .. ..... ... ....... .... ............... ........ .............. ..........· ... ......... ..... ............. ................................................................ ........ ........ ............ ..................... .................. .. ............... ........... ........... ..... ................................... .. ..... .. ......... ........ ..................................................... ......... ....................................................................· .· .

54

- 11

IX - LIST OF DOCtJMBR'l"S A'rl'ACHEDENUMERATIONS DES PDX':BS PRODOITESVERZEICHNIS DER. BEIGEFUEGTEN SCBRIFTS'l1JBC1CBENUMERAZIONE DEI DOCtJMER'1'X PRODO'rl'I

· .•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • •• •••• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • e·e ••••

0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• J •••••••••••••

...............••••.•......•.......................•...........................

..•......••....••••..•......•...............••...•.... ..... ~ ...........•.......

..........•.................•......•............................................

...............•...............................................................· .• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••••

.. ............ ........ .. .... ... ................................................· - ............•...............•..•................•...............................· .

placeFait aOrtPatto a ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

........................................................Dateleoatumil

Signature and/or stamp of the requesting Central Authority or applicantsignature et/ou cachet de l'Autorite centrale requerante ou du requerant..onterschrift und/oder Siegel der ersuchenden zentrale aehorde oder desAntragstellersFirma e/o sigillo dell'Autorita centrale 0 del individuo richiedente

.........•.........................................~ .

APPENDIX I

•11/1\\

55

SaskatchewanJustice

SaskatchewallI H 7·1 SC.tl Itl Slrf"~l

nt~gln;1 ,:>nd(laS4P 3V-;

/-

,-'-

Name &Address of Third Party

_/

/

INFORMATION/LOCATION REQUEST

This request for information is served on you pursuant to section7 of The International Child Abduction Act. You are required by lawto provide all of the requested information that is in any record inyour possession or control.

THIS REQUEST PERTAINS TO:

Name:

YOUR RESPONSE

His/Her Location &Address:

Yours truly,

APPENDIX J

BETWEEN:

56

IN THE MATTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHILDABDUCTION ACT AND THE CHILDREN'S LAW ACT

APPLICANT

-and-

RESPONDENT

MEMORANDUM TO THE PRESIDING JUDGE

THIS IS AN EX PARTE APPLICATION made pursuant toThe International Child Abduction Act and The Children'sLaw Act for an Order that the Respondent be restrained andenjoined from removing the child/children,from the Province of Saskatchewan until an application canbe heard and decided pursuant to the above-named Acts withrespect to whether there has been a breach of theConvention on the CiVil Aspects of International ChildAbduction and whether the said child/children should bereturned to the Applicant.

There is filed in support of this application:

(1) Request for return filed with the Minister ofJustice pursuant to the Convention on theCiVil Aspects of International ChildAbduction;

(2) Affidavit of

(3) Draft Order;

57

- 2 -

(4) Such further and other material as counselmay advise and this Honourable Court mayallow.

DATED at the CITY ofProvince of Saskatchewan thisA.D. 19

day of, in the

Brian Barrington-Foote, Q.C.Deputy Minister of Justiceand Deputy Attorney General

Per:

Solicitor for the Applicant

This Memorandum to the Presiding Judge wasdelivered by the office of Brian Barrington-Foote, Q.C.,Deputy Minister of Justice and Deputy Attorney General,1874 Scarth Street, 10th Floor, Regina, Saskatchewan,S4P 3V7, solicitor for the Applicant whose address forservice is the same.

Lawyer in charge of file:Telephone:

(Appendix K)

BETWEEN:

58

IN THE MATTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHILDABDUCTION ACT AND THE CHILDREN'S LAW ACT

APPLICANT

-and-

RESPONDENT

BEFORE THE HONOURABLE

MR. JUSTICE

IN CHAMBERS

)))))

ORDER

DAY, THE DAy

OF , A.D. 19

UPON THE APPLICATION of counsel for the Applicant andupon hearing read the Request for Return filed with theMinister of Justice pursuant to the Convention on theCivil Aspects of International Child Abduction and theAffidavit of

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Respondent shall notremove the child/children, ,from the Province of Saskatchewan until an application isheard and decided by this Honourable Court with respect towhether there has been a breach of the Convention on theCiVil Aspects of International Child Abduction and whetherthe said child/children should be returned to theApplicant, or until further Order.

ISSUED at the City ofSaskatchewan, this

, in the Province ofday of , A.D. 19

Local Registrar

) TAKE NOTICE that every order made without notice to theRespondent or a person affected by the order, except wheresuch order is consented toby the Respondent or a personaffected by the order, or is otherwise authorized by lawmaY be set aside or varied on application to the court.You should consult your solicitor as to your rights.

(Appendix L)

BETWEEN:

59IN THE MATTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHILDABDUCTION ACT AND THE CHILDREN'S LAW ACT

APPLICANT

-and-

RESPONDENT

NOTICE OF MOTION

TAKE NOTICE that an application will be made to thepresiding Judge in Chambers at the Court House, at theCity of , in the Province of Saskatchewan, on

day, the day of 19 - at o'clock in thenoon or so soon thereafter as counsel can be heard

on behalf of the Applicant for an Order pursuant to IhaInternational Child Abduction Act that the child/children,

, be returned to the Applicantforthwith.

AND FURTHER TAKE NOTICE that in support of thisapplication will be read the Request for Return filed withthe Minister of Justice pursuant to the Convention on theCivil Aspects of International Child Abduction and suchfurther and other material as counsel may advise and thisHonourable Court may allow.

DATED at the City ofSaskatchewan, this day of

, in the Province of, 19

Brian Barrington-Foote, Q.C.Deputy Minister of Justiceand Deputy Attorney General

Per:

Solicitor for the Applicant

This Notice of Motion was delivered by the office ofBrian Barrington-Foote, Q.C., Deputy Minister of Justiceand Deputy Attorney General, 1874 Scarth Street,10th Floor, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4P 3V7, solicitor forthe Applicant whose address for service is the same.

Lawyer in charge of file:Telephone:

,/,

E.rlu.h......._01_11_""-

POooiSSlON OF MAllUI\IONIAL II0MF: Oil lJ()lJ~Jm()l.JIllllIIllS

4. Where one SPOll!':!? 11m: n righ I or fll''>llr'!lllion wit h rPllp,.rt t" nmatrimonial home or hot1!':E'hold p'lIoll!l. holh Ill'fIllllf'1l nrr. nil

belween Ihemselves, eQunll}' enlitled t(l the ri(!ht (II p(le;e;ee;<:i,,"subjecl to:

(a) section4J;

(b) any order made plll'suallt to seclinn 5. (. III II whelehy nneSl,ouse is given possession nr the mntdm(llli:11 hnme orhousehold goods. as the cne;e mar be. to the exclue;ion Ilf theother;

(c) any other order made ullder this Act. IInlee;e; Ihe CPUIIdirects otherwise;

(d) any other order pertaining 10 the I'oe;sese;ion 01" Ihematrimonial home or hnusehold goods Ihal wae; Ilmde hy acourl of competent jmisdiclion hefore the coming into fmceof this Act;

(e) any inlerspousal conlract or. whe'e the court thinke; iii.any other wrillen agreemenl helween the spou'lee;. I'H9. c.M-6.1. s. 4.

5. - (I) Notwithslllnding any mder mnde under !'arl ". III IIr I\'lind su~iect to section 7. Ihe courl may. upon applicalilln h~ aspouse. make lIny order il thinks lit and. withoul limiling Ihegenerlliity of the foregoin(!. Ihe wurl may:

(n) order IImt SIJOUseS :ne nil I"nl!er h"ulld III (·"tmhil:

(b) subject to any teum; IIml wndili(lne; Ilml il thinke; lit. direcithat a spouse be given ellclm:i\'e IlOe;c;ession (If a nl:1lrimllnialhome or I,art thereof for life or I"m IIny shorler period Ihalthe courl directs. regnrdless (If whelher the spow:es cene;e IIIbe spouses:

(c) direci thai II Si'Ouse vacate n matrimonial home:

(d) restrain II SJ'louse from entering nr :IIIending al III nenr nmatrimonial home:

(e) fix any rights of spou'le'l thnl mar ari'le :IS a result Ilt IheOCCUJ'lllncy of a matrimonial home nnd p(l'ltpone an\' righ''l nfthe SJ'louse who is the oWller or lessee. illcllldinl! Ihe ri~hl InapJ'lly for Imrlition or snle or 10 sell or otherwise dispm:e 01 (lrencumber the matrimoninl h"me:

(f) aUlhorize the dispositilln or enl"lnl1hr:lIlce nl" Ihe inlele<:1of a spouse in a matrimonial home suilieci 10 the righl (Ifexclusive possession conlained in Ihe Older:

(g) fix the obliglltion to repair :md mainlnin a malrill10nialhome;

(II) fix the obligll.ion tn pnr. and the resl'llIl<:ihilily fm, :lIlrliabilities whatsoe\'er th:.1 m:,,' arise oul of Ihe occul'alillll ofa matrimonial home;

It,!,hl'"I······ ...... ·..

--/

E..Iu.I>c_0I1oclIm........-.

I'~.I ....<_I

" .dl S ...IUJPCnsion 01"'de<

(j) direci a spouse '0 whnlll e'<chl<:i\'e pose;es<:ion "f n

matrimonial home is given to nmke lilly pa~'llIent III Iheother spouse thlll is IJre1iicrihed in 'he order:

(j) where n lllatrinuJIli:lI hOllle i:o: lensed h~' nne 01 hnlhspouses under an mlll nr "'rillen lease. direcl th:11 Ihr <:I'nllc;eto whom exclusive J'losses:o:ion i:o: given is "eellle,1 In I'e atenant for the pUfllClSe1ii of Ihe lease:

(Ie) release an}' other I11nhimonia' home hOIl1 'he :Jl'l'liraiionof this ParI.

(2) In subsec.ion (,). "exdm.i\'e possession" indllde<: Ih(' 'illhlof occupancy. '979, c. M-6. J. s. 5.

6. - (J) Subject to section 7. the WillI. nn appliralilln hy II

spouse. may by order direct that a spollse he l!i\'en the exdllc;ivepossession, use lind enjoyment of nn)' or all of the hOIl<:ehnld I!,'odsregardless of their location at Ihe time the mde, is m:ule.

(2) An order under subseclion (I) mar he made sllhiecl III :IIIYterms and conditions and for an~' period (If tillle 111lI1 Ihe ("(llIrl wn­siders necessary.

0) In mllking an order under thie; sec'ion. the mllli shall mn­sider lIny possib'e righ.s, oblil!alinnc: or liahililiee; tha' llIa\' at ise as.:lresult of the mder and may lix Ihe ri!!h'c; and Ihe I('c;plln<:ihilih' fllrany such obligations or Iillhililies :11111 Illa~' make :IIlY mdel i' 'hillk<:fir in order 10 give effect to Ihe lixing nl IIIl1<:e "ighl<: and 1('<:l'one;i.bilities. '919, c. M-6.1. s. 6,

7. In exercish~g ils 'JOwers IInder Ihis 1';111. Ihe mill' shall ha\eregard to:

(0) Ihe needs of an)' childlen:

(b) the conduct of Ihe s,'ouc;es tn"'llIds eadl olher and In"':IIdsany children;

(c) the 8\'ailahilit)· of other an'llmm(Jllation within Ihe finan­cia' means of eilher SJ'I()\lse:

(d) the financial Ilosition III' each of the spOlIc:es:

(e) any interspouSlll conlracl 01, \\hele Ihe cnlll' 'hinks lit.llI'y o.her written agreemen' helween the spOllses:

(n any order made hr :1 com' 01" cllmpelen' ,imisdir'ionbefore or lifter the coming inlll force of this I\rl wilh lespeCIto the distribution (lr pClse;esc:ion Ill' lllalrimnni:11 plopel'" nlthe mllinten:lOce (If one III holh of the <:polI<:ec; 01 wilhrespect to Ihe cuslody nl ll1ainlen:llIce of ;IIlY children: and

(g) an)' other relevan' fnc' III rilnllHstllnce. IQ1Q. c "I·{, I.s. 7,

8. - (I) Where an order has heen made:(n) under this Pmt: 01

>0."."tIJZo1-4><3

'"o

Rt,lst••,;""01 ....... 1.........<Ssinn~.......""""i••....-

Uioc.....t ."

rtfis

'tr'"..iIt.

Coned .....01 ·11on00"'dtr

(b) wilh reSllect 10 the I'o<;<;e<;<;illn of :1 llmll inlflnial h"lIle '"household goods h~' :my rolll t hefme the cOlllinl! inlo lOIn.'of this Act:

Ihe courl nUt}', where it i~ ~ati<;fi(,11 that Ihel(, Im<; he('n:l ll1atcdalchange in the circllmstllnee~.di<;rh:ll(!c. ":lf~' III ~1I<;pen" Ihe '" 11(', .

(2) An applicalion fur nn 11,,1('1" IInder ~uh~clilln (I) ma\' bcmnde by a person named in :m mder menlioned ill <;uhc;eclion f I)or by a person agnim;I who~e ec;Iate or illlere~I Ihe mder \\"as nmde.or by the personal repl"esenlnli"e of nil}' such lterc;on. 11)7\). c. "'1­6.1, s. 8.

9. - (I) Where III' orde I" ic; made IIndel" c;cctioll 5 III R \\ilhresllect 10 a Illlltrilllonial homc :lIul the nmtdllloni:11 hOll1c III I'art ofil is real prollert}' and i<;:

(0) owned hr one In h,'th <;I'ullsec;;

(b) lensed to one In hulh <;I'ou<;ec; fill :1 ICIIll of nlllle limnIhree years: or

(c) the subjecl of n lile e<;latc in favlltll" III ItIll' 0' h,.lhspouses;

Ihe order may he regic;tere,I \\ ith Ihe Icgistl:lI of land lilll'<; furthe land registrntion dic;tdrl in \\ hidl Ihe I'wl'cnr is c;itU:lted.

(2) An order registered under <;uhset·tion (I) hind<; :m e<;l:lIe orinlerest of an}' descrifllion Ihnt the C;1'"uc;e or ~"ouc;ec; h:l\'l' in Iheproperty 10 Ihe exlent stil'ul:lted in the order. 11)79. c. "'1-(,.1. s. I).

10. - (I) Where:

(0) nn order re[!.ic;tercd \IIuler <;ertioll I) I!r:lIllin!! :1 <;I'uu<;eexclusive possessioll Ill' :1 In:lllimoni:II home lelmin:ltc<; III

where the right of exdll<;i\'e poc;c;e~sillfl Ilf :1 <;I""'<;e \\ hll i<;named in such nil Oll!cl telll1illate~. th:lI c;polI~e: (II

(b) R spouse whn has heen gr:lIlted exclllc;h'e I'o<;<;e<;<;i"ll dies.his personal represellt:llhe;

shall. upon len da}'s' wlittcll notire in :Irnllll:mce "ith <;('rtion53. provide to the ~pOllse af!ain<;t who<;e ec;tate 01 inlerec;t the o"lelwas made or 10 his per~onn' 1I~l'lesent:lti\·e. (II til ;In~' thi,,1 I'arl\'having an inleresl in the pfOllert" nllerted h~' Ihe oldel. a dischal ge.in the form prescrihed in the legul:ltinns. Ihnt di<;chml!e<; an~'

inlerest with respect tn posc;e<;sinn thai the sp,,"se in I'"s<;esc;innmny have had under the order.

(2) A discharge mentioned in <;uh<;ecliun (I) mar he 1l~l!i<;leled

wilh the regislrar or Innd titles. 1971). c. M-6.1. s. 10.

11. - (I) A person. ur Ihe I'elc;"nal lepresenlath'e nf a I'erson,against whose property an mder is ref!istered IInder seclilln I) nHlYapply to the court for an IlIdel direcling Ihe Ief! ic;t 1:11 of land tilles Incancel l~l~~!egislration.

Dis__ of

.. rnrun1bcr.

......._"

lr.minalinnoI'i&hlol--",",isionlll",..in ••,fe­.."'s,.

R"h' 01.'."""tOtI.ere.

(2) The courl mnl' nmke :m Older undCl thi<; seclinn "1'"11 am'condilions thai illhinks fil. 1979. c. M·(,.I. s. II.

12.-(1) A SllOuse ng:lin~1 whose ec;!;lle III inlelcc;l an ,,,del ismade under this ParI mny onl~' dic;po~e of III encumhel hi<; r<;late orinlerest, or otherwise deal with his e~lnte or inte,ec;1, in a m:lIlnelIhat may be detrimenlal to the ~I'0u~e in I'nsc;es~i"n. with Ihe cnn­sent in wriling of Ihe spouse in po~sesc;inn III II"dcI :m (II del "f Ihecourt.

(2) For the purposec; of this ~ectinn. whele a cnn<;rnl i~ 1'1 "\idedpursuanl to 71,e lIomesfeodt Aa. nn Imthel (lJ oilIer c"n<;ent i<;necessary wilh respecl to Ihe mahimoni:II hOllle for which Ih:ll cnn­sent was required .

(J) Where an order lllnde ",,,IN seclinn 5 Ill' II i<; nnl I ('!!i<;Ieled.it has no eITecI as ag:Jin~1 ~uhsellllent /1"1/0 fidf' 1'111 chase,<; (lJ

mortgagees for value without notke. 197\). c. ,.,1-(, I. s 11.

13. No right of excltlsive IIC;C Ill' p"c;~cc;~inn of a C;1'1ll1C;e 1l1l1('I('dunder this Pari conlinues al tel the righl<; 01 the nther <;",,"<;e ;1<;owner or lessee or or both spntlc;es ns owners III Icsc;ee~. a<; th(' ca<;emay be, are terminated. II)79.c. "'1·(,.1.c;. I.l.

14. Notwithslanding :m}' other Acl. whele :m nrder i<; m:Hleunder this Part vesting II light of excluc;i\'e I'nssec;c;inn I" Ihematrimonial home or hou~eh,,"lgnnd<;in a <;I',,"c;e. :1 I'""j<;illn inanr conditionnl sales n@reemelll, rhallel mOrlf!age. r1mllel Irase .lease, morlgage, a~reement lor <;:111.'. ('(Inlla.-l or othel securilydocument thnt the right~ of the contracling c;pllll<;e 01 <;I'n\l<;esunder the agreement shnll niter 01 d('I('lIninc on :J chanJ!c nf 1'"';<;(,<;'sion has no eITect with re~pecl In ;1 d,;mge in "o<;c;e<;c;inn le<;\lllin!!fromtheorder.1919,c.M-6.1.c;.14.

IS. - (I) Where II person is prnceedinf! '" leali7e Ul'0n :J lien.encumbrance or execution or exelcises a lorl eitlll e a!!ainSI pI"l'ellytllIll is subject 10 an ordel tinder thit; Part. the Sl'nu<;e \\Ilfl h:I5 therighl of pos~ession hy virtur olnn mder nnder secli(ln 5. (, '" II hasthe same right of redemption (II relief againc;t I"deitmc a1111 thrsnme immunities nnd right~ with rec;peel to ~ei7l11e nllli <;ale as Iheolher spouse has and is enlitled 10 an~' notice Irc;l'cctinl! th, c1nimand its enforcemenl or renli1.ntion tn whirh the olher Sl'''"<;e i5entitled.

(2) Where a spouse Olnkes nn.\' I'n\'lllent tw \\':1\' of. fIr "II arm"nlof. redemption or relief against fmfeitme IInder the lif!hl conferredby subseclion (I). Ihe p:lymenl 5h:lll he applied in ~alislarlinn ofIhe c1nim giving rise to the lien. cnrllmluancr. rxec"l:llll III 1",­feilure.

0'......

c.....rensa·'Iron "h.,.01.........cnm",j.d•••It",di,·chll'."'"fIto,idfod

RitlhlSedailionlr

b,..,,,.""",kollnn

OII....es

"-

(J) Not\\'ithstllnding nllr nther Ad. wIH",e :, 1'("~(In whll WIll­

mences a proceeding to renli7.e 111'011 II liell. ellclIlllhr:lIlc!' 1II (''(('CU­

tion or 10 exercise a forfeitllle dneo; 1I0t hllve o;lIf1iciellt 1':11 liculmo;for the purpose of servillg per~nll:'''r n !'il'ouo;c elllilled III 1I0ikeunder subsection (I). nnd II IIntke givell hl' re(!ic;le, ed mail illaccordance wilh section 53 io; 'wi resl'ollo;ded tn. the p,ocN,'dilll!may, by leave of the court, nll1lillUe ill the :.he;ellce of Ih(' e;pollo;ennd without regllrd to the inteH,'o;t nf Ihe spollc;e. llnd any filial lIIderin the Ilroceeding tenninllteo; Ihe ,i!!hlo; of Ihe c;pollc;e ulld(', Ihio; o;ec­lion. 1979, c. M-6.I, s. 15.

16. The rights conferred tllld('r Ihie; l':ul :ue ill mhlilioll 10 :lIldnot in substitution fur or in deHlglllion of the righle; nf a ~polI"e

under 17,l' lIomesleofls Arl. IQ79. c. f\ 1-6.1. s. 16.

11. An order mll)' he mmlr IIllder Ihi" I'lll"l llll :111 n I'm/(' al'plka­lion by a Sl,ouse who is residing ill Ihe matrimonh.1 homr. if Ihrcourl is satisfied that. as a rr';l1ll nf Ihe ("OlIdncl nl Ihe rre;pllllllrllispouse. there is n danger (If illiury to the al'l'lk:lI1t ""oll"r 01 all~'

other person residing in the m:,lIimolli:,1 hnme. IQ7Q. c. "'1-6,1.s. 17.

IK. -(I) Any person whn knowillgly llllli willll"~' rrflle;e~ 0' lIt'g­lects. wilhout reasonable callo;e. 10 COl1lfll~' with an mde, madeagainst him under section 5. 6 nr R is. in ndclili(\11 10 :'111\" olherliabilit}, under this Act. guiltr of lIlI nnellce alld lillhle Oil ~UIllIll:U~'

conviction to a fine of nol mnre thllll !i1.OUtllllld. ill Ihe cae;e of II

continuing offence. to a further fine of 1I0t mnre thllll $5t1f1lnr ead.day during which the on'ellce cOlltinues.

(2) Any person who krjow~ m hao; rt'lIC;OIl 10 helie\'t' thai 1" 0­ceedings will be or hllve heen ((Immenced nr th:.tllll {lrder hae; heellissued under this Part and whn. withnul an order (If Ihe COlli 1or Iheconsent of both Sl'ouses:

(0) disposes of or encumhere; llny malrilllnlli:lI hllme (lrhousehold goods; or

(b) removes from the 1lI11lrimnlli:lI home lilly hou~ehold

goods, excef'lt in the cno;e nf an emergencr:

is gllilty of on offence :lIld liahle on ~lIIll1n:"'r cnll\klillll '":l Iilleof not more than $1,000.

(3) No person who sei7e" (II ,emfl\'es hom Ihe llIahimllllialhome anr household goode; or who disposeo; of :II1Y m:1I' illlflllialhome or household goods I'IHe;tHlIlt to a valid Iirn. die;lree;~. exccu­tion or power of seizure or ~:lIe !':hall i'e Cfln\'icled of lIl1 linenceunder subsection (2) where he e';llIhlishe~ thnl he fir '" made ademand for satisfactiol1 of hie; claim 10 the o;pnlle;e in whns!, l:l\o\lfan order for exclusive I'0ssec;silln mif!hl he 'lr hae; heell m:lll!' andgave that spouse a reasonable opporlunily to I'ar Ihe an1(\1t1l1 dlte,

(4) Any person who knowill!!l\, mill willlt"~· rellle;ee; or 1I('!!kclo;.without reasonable cause. to plIl\'ide a dic;rhm(!e ill armfll:IIll'l" with

, ...... oreMU

subsection 10(/) is. inlllidilionio anI' olhe, li:rhilill' IIIlIler Ihie; Arl.guilty of an offence and liahle on !':ltn1ln:llY wl1\'i~'1 iOIl III :I linr IIInot more than $50n and. in Ih(' C:I!':C of a cOl1lillllill(! III1('I1Cl'. 10 afurther line of not more than $11111 fnr each d:ly dlllill(! \\ hid, Iheoffence continues. 1979, c. ,.... -6.1.!':, IR,

19. Where a SI)ouse has sllc;lained lillllllrial loso; ne; :1 Iee;ltl' Ill' I herefusal or fnilure. witholtt 'l"a!':onahle C:lIIse. III' :llIlIlhel pr,e;IlI1 10comply with an order IInder ~eclion 5. (, III R fII III p""idr :I di~­charge under c;eclion 10. he is ('1I1;IIell 10 1'1I1111'('I1":lIi(1II 10, lhl' I"e;e;so sustained and. lI"on applk:llioll. t1.(' COlli I 111:11' lII:1k(' alii mc!er ifthinks fit respecling com"eno;alioll 1979. c. ,..,-(, I. e; III

26.-(1) The court. in ordc, to effect a di!':lril'lliinn unclrl Ihio;Pari. may:

(0) hear an a'l"lication respectin(! malrinlllllial prnpe'h' nol­withstanding that the spollse who made the lIpplir:llillll hao;no legal or equitable inlere<;1 in the m:'hilllonh,1 I'rop("I~':

(b) make any order thaI il con!':ide,c; lit in Ihe ci'CItIlle;tallrco;whether or not it affect!': litle 10 nmirilllonial p'ol'e'I~·. :lI1d.wilhout limiting the genernlity of Ihe lllle(!oing. Ihe mill Imay:

(i) order a spouc;e 10 pal' monry in a IIIIllP e;lnn 01 m ('r aperiod of time, with or wilhollt illlerec;l. "r \'ec;l an illl(,le~1in an)' matrimonial I"operly in the otht'., c;poltse:

(;;) order a spouc;e In p:ly Inlhr olhl"r C;l'olle;(' a e;lllli ('1I"i,'a·lenl to the vallie of Ih(' olhl"r e;polle;e's illler(,"1 ill :IIlYmatrimoninl prope,lr no; delermined h~' Ihe wml;

(;;i) order Ihal the malrinlflni:tll'rope,h' III lilly I'arl III' Ihepropert}' be sold and thai the plnceedc; he dic;lrihuled hel­ween the spouses as the courl directs;

(ill) prescribe Ihe terms :IIHI cnndilions of a o;ale nrc!l"'t'dunder this section:

(I') order Ihe pnrtilion or di\'io;ion IIf mllirimlllli:ll properh':

(I'i) if matrimonial Pl'(lperlr je; ownell hy spOl'o;ee; ae; ioinltenants. sever the joinl lenancr:

(,'i;) order the vesling of malrimollilllplOpe,ly ill one c;pllltc;eor in bolh spouses in common;

(l-iii) order that a ~pollse oeate a IIU~t IInder \I hkhmat rimoninl propert)' would he held ill Irllsl 1(lI a e;pou~e

under any terms nlld rnnditiom thlll Ihe coml Ihinke; iiI:

(;x) order the poss!'o;e;ion nf malrimonial pl'''l'erll' hI ollespouse subjeci 10 any leI rno; :lIIlI ((lIldilion~ Ihal thr COllr!

thinks lit;

0'N

and Ihal such aclion ma~' derenl n c1ailll of Ihe olher s!,,'"seunder this Act, the court Illnr:

or where such an order is l11ade agllinsl the eslnle nr intele!'l "I' nperson, an a,'plicalion for an 01 der undel sllhd:H1!'c (I) 1" )1,\ ,'i Imay be made, wilh leave of Ihe cnurl. I", Ihe !'ersnn 01 his pel o;"n:,1representalive, whelher or nnl Ihe spouo;es 10 whol11 the "Illerapplied are still spouses,

29. - (I) Where Ihe courl is salisfied Ihal :r !'plluse:

(0) is aboul 10 commil :rn acl 1111lllunling 10 dissipalion:

(b) is abollt 10 abscond wilh any mnll illll",i:,1 p' "perl\,:

(r) intends 10 Iransfer Illnlrin","inl I'rnl'erl~' 10 a pcrslln Inrless Ihan adequate cnnsidcllllill": or

(d) intends to make a suhslllnlinf gill of Illatrilllonial plfll'ell\':

(x) declare Ihal II spollse has nn righls 1I1l11l'r 711(" /I",//c­steads Act wilh respecllo all or :ll1Y 1ll:lllilllOnial plnl'l',I\ ofIhe other s"ouse or Ihal is Imnsfellecl In the nlhe, spl't1se:

(:~;) declare that a spollsr h:IS an inleresl in lll:l1rilllllni:,II'"'·rert~' notwilhslanclinf! thai the spllllse in who"e 1:1\'('111 Iheorder is made had no pI ior lef!alllr e<,uilahle inler('sl ill IhemAlrimonial "ro,'ert)':

(xii) order II .registrar of land titles to nlllrl'l. cnnrcl.substitute or issue an~' cerlificale of lille III Illak!' :1I1~'

memorandum or entry theleon ami 10 clo ('\'el\' aff lIec'?""·ary to give elfect to Ihe order:

(xiii) order a SllOuse. (If any other ''<.'1 son. III \ll(':tle all\'matrimonial Inoperl)' and ,'mvicle 1m the enfor<'emenl ofthe order;

(X;I') order a s,'ouse 10 f!ive sectll itl', upon 1m}' tcrllls alliin",·ditions that the court Ihinks iiI. fm Ihe perfolllllll1ce of :1I1~'

obligalion imposed hy nn order under this seclion. indlll"ing a charge on propertr. lilli' plovide fm Ihe en'llIn'menlof that charge hl' sale or olherwi"e ns ncccss:IIY:

tn·) require n spouse. :IS n ("(",clilion of 1Il1 III clel. 10 Slll­

render all presenl claims In Illalrimnnial I'IOI'CII\ ill thcname of the olher spnuse:

(xli) vary, nmend or disch:1I f!e nn (II dcr pre\'ioll"l~ madeunder this Part or uncleI' 71,(' /IIal'/;(',1 I'rr.~"",~' l'ltl/l('r~I' ,,11'1.an)' previous A"an;",1 n'rwll.~' ""(1/"" I)' .."',. 111(' Mm, il',l

"'om(,11 '5 Pn1/'("t.I' :fa, heing chapler .11"1 of 71". R('I'i.~(',I

Sta"'tes of Sa,~kntcJ"."'()l', I Q5.l. m nnr pI e\'iolls .\f",rif'"'''omel1 'J P""/l('r,,· A,.,. whel e:(A) suhjecl to suhsectinn (2). Ihe spnuses are slill SPOIlSCS

wilhin Ihe meaninf! (If Ihis Act: ancl(B) Ihere has heen a sllhstantial chnn!!e ill the ri'Ctllll­

slances wnlranlinjt the \'llliatinn. nlll('ndmenl 1'1 dis­charge;

(XI';;) order a distrihnlion of Illnldmonial plI'p('rt~' in :tcenr­dance wilh a selllelllent of. nr all ngreem('nl lesperlill!!. :111applicalion for n Illatlimonial properlr Oilier Illade or con­linued b}' a survivinf! spouse or conlinlled hy n personalrepresentative:

(xl'iii) make an order wilh respecI In llIl\' Illaller 01 !!i\ e nnydirection thaI in the opinion of Ihe com' is nere!'sall,

(2) Where a person is nnmed in:

(a) 8n order under subclau!'e (1)(")( I';i;). Ii",) f'r hi"': or

(b) any order similar 1o 1m Older menlioned in clause (II) andthe circumslance!> require Ihe courl 10 n~\'ie\\' Ihe "rder wilha view 10 granting n disch:,,!!c of Ihe Oilier or p:lfl 01 Iheorder;

lJlKlnt...e"'",open) b)-.

rrewc"''''nnlIIlIClt ..1e

(3) Where n spouse has an inleresl in :r corpollllion nnd \\ here ilwould nol be reasonable to !!h'e Ihe nlher spouse sh:lleo; in lhecorlloralion. the court ma)' Older Ihe spnuse who has Ihe inlr, e"l inthe corporal ion 1o pay 10 the olhel sp"use. inlllhlilill" I" :111\ Illhe,

sums Ihat ma~' be payahle under I.Ilio; Acl. n Stllll nil lar!!el Ih:m Ihevalue of Ihe benelil Ihe spollse has in respecl of the nssel" "I' Ihecorporalion, 1979, c. M-6,1. s, 26.

21. - (I) Where an llppliealilln is <:nnunenccd under Ihis I'arl.the COUl'l may order thai a spouse shnll file wilh Ihe rlltlll :rnd o;er\'eon Ihe olher spouse a sl:rtelllenl, vel i1ied hy I'nl h, di!>dllsin(! p:uli·culars of:

(a) all his malrimonial plopcrl~', whelher il is situaled inSaskalchewan or elsewhele;

(b) any matrimonial pwpertl' disposed lIf hy hilll \\'ilhil1 Iw"years berore the commencemenl IIf Ihe applic:'lion: :md

(c) all his debts and liahililics,

(2) A statement made under s"hseclinn (I) shall he in Ihe IlIllll.and contain the informalion, presCl ihcd in Ihc lull'S nf CIlIIII.

(3) Where, in Ihe opinion of Ih(' COlli I. Ihe puhlie disrl"cmlc nfany information required 10 he conlained in n slalel1lenl IIIl1lrl slIh·

section (I) would be II hardship nn Ihe perslln (!id,,!! Ihe slal(,l1I('nl.Ihe courl may order tllIIt Ihe sl:lIelllc"t and :r,,~' ('IlIss-ex:rlllin:llill"upon il before Ihe hearing be henled ns confidenlial nnd ""l f"rm :1part of Ihe public record, 1979. c, r-.I·(i, I. s, n

0\W

(e) make an order restraining Ihe Il1nking "I Ihe 11:111<;1('1 01

gift or the absconding wilh the I'1O(1erlr:

(f) make a receiving order nr :111\" olher mder Ihnl il Ihillke; iiIfor the ptlfpClse of reslmining Ihe dissi"lltion or 1mlher die;·sipation of the luoperty or for the possessio II (ll delherinl!up. safekeeping lind preservali"n of the pfflpelly.

(2) An lIppliclltion for lin mder under suhscetinn (11 Ill:" bemade as an lIppliclltion in prneecdin[!<: rmnmcnced "'lIler litic; !\('I,b}' notice of motion or in any olher mllnner Ihal may he I'Iee;enledin the rules of court.

(3) An al,plicntiol1 for nn or der under suhse('lion (I I lila\" hemnde ex parte lind. where an llppliclllion is made r\' ,In"r, the w\Illrna}' dispense with sen'ice of Ihe notke of Ihe 1ll'I'lirnlinn 01 direclthat the notice of the 81'rlicalion he selved nl lln~' lime and in an~'

manner that it thinks fit.

(4) Ever)' person whn knowinI:!I~' :ll1d \\'illull~' rehlses III ncglerl<:to compll' with nn order mllde under <:uhsertinn (I) ie;, in :lthlilinnto lIn~' other linbilil)' he may incur. f.!IIi1iI~' of :111 t>llence :lI1d liahleon summary conviction 10 a fine of nolmore Ihan $I,fI(llI IQ7Q, c.M-6.1. s. 29,

PAHTVInterspollsnl Contrnt!ls

18Ul Where spouses have enten'd inlll nl) inlf'l'sllllllsnl:ontract:

(a) thnt denIs with t.he poss~ssi,,", stnlos, o"",,rl'ship,disposition or di!lt.ribulion of IIInlrimnninl pt'oprt'I~',

including future matrimoninl pml)('r"';

(b) thnt is in writing ond signprl ltv rndl SpilUSI' ill Ihepresence of a wilness; nnd

(c! in which each spouse hns :t!'knll,,'I(',II!NI. ill wrilinl!.apart from the other fllJouse:

(jl thnt he is aware of t.he nnlul"(, nnd IhI' errf>cl of IhE'contract; and(iil that he is ownre of Ih" p"ssihl(' fntnre rlnims I"propert)' he may have undE'r t.his Al'l nnd Ihnl h(' inl"I"lsto give up thollp claims to I.he E'xlE'nl lH~C(,!I!lnr~' In I!h'l'effect to lhe conlract;

Inl",oc''''''.:lI1c...,t':tcl"

the terms of the contrncf. lJJenlionf'li ill suhsl'ctinll (·ll :11"(',

subject t·o section 24, binding het werll I h(' !Of"'usps w h"fll('r nrnot there is valuable consideration for' h(' ('I,"t met..

(2) The acknowledgmenl mentionc,l ill SU"!Of'("1 inn 1II sh:II' h"made before a lawyer olher f.hnn I.IJ(' I:I\"Y"I" nI'l inl! in Ihf'matter for the olher spoU!!l' Ilr '>('(nr" whnlll t h('acknowledgment is mode b)' the ,,'.her spnus('.

(3) Any provision of 111I inler!!pou!!nl rnnlr:t("' Ihal is "ni,1 orvoidable is severable from the otll('r pro\'isinns nf Ihe rnnl rnrl.

(4) An interspoU!'Ial conlract mn,":

(a) provide for till' pOllsE'!!!!illll, o"'Ill'rshil'. nHllInl!f'IIIf'IlI nl"

distribnt.ion of matrintoninl prllf'f'I"f" "f'h\'''f>n thf> Sl',,"srsat any time. including, hul nnl lil1lilt',1 In, Ihl' lilil" nlll('parntinllof Ih" spnllS"S. Iltr ,Ii!'sfllllliflll ,,' II... '":II ,ia!:I'.or a rleclnl"alion of Illlllit" n"lIIl1nilll!(';

(h) nf1pl~' 10 mnll"illlnlli:ll pl""l'rl'''' "'\'lIf'" 'n \,,,,,, Sf'III1Sl'!'and hy ench of Ihl'llI al III' lIll(', Ihl' tillll' till' 1'11111"... 1 i!'made; and

(c) be entered in In h,- 1"," 'll'I"SIlIl!O ill "1111 1f'l1I I' 1:1 I illll ""lheir rnnrri:lgl' loendl "I 'WI", ""I is 1I11t'IIII11T,'ahll' ,,"tilafter t.he m:lrringe.

(4.P Wilhllul lilllil.illl! fill' l!"III',:IIil" "" slIh!'l'l·ti,," I II. :11I

inlerspotillal contrnd "nl(,I"I'" j",,, "11 11;- alt,·, .111111"1. I!l~" 11I:1"

pro\'ide thal, notwilhslnllflilll! till' ('""",1" ,.,.".";",, 1'1"". :I!'amended from tim" '" tillll', ""'1"1' 111:1" ,,,' Il11 ,Ih'i,:illll ,...1\\'"""the pnrlies "f tlnnd.iuslt·,1 ,,,'"~illll:l,.il' ":II""i"I!': I'" 1"!'1I:111 I I ..thnl Act

151 Where an in '('t'SI'"IlS:1 I (,,,,,11':11" "a!' I,,'rll ""tr"'I'r! illl"under thi!! section, I.he Sllll"S"S 11I:1." ""1"1" illill :1 II lIf1w I" """1 mdamending, vllryinll' 01' (":tIII'I'II illl! I frr "a rI i"1- """ tmd. :11,,1 "wsuhseqtlt'nl cnnlrnct. if 11I:"1,, ill :wl'f."I:III'·" wil h I hi!' ,,,,,'1 illll.tokes precedence o\'er 1.11(' "nrli,'r ('I1II"'n'" I!Ji!I. 1'.~1 Ill. !'.:Hl:198R, c.12, s.2.

-:.,...Ii...::t' 42 The cour' lJJay, nn :t1'1'1 ir-a I illll In' a S''''II'''' \"fr" j,,:. 1':11 1.\' III"11'~lrit~I" an inler!!fJousni ronl.l"nrl ""II" fI .., \'f'slilll! III ilia I, illlllllialnw~*~ .

"""...., flrllpl'rty in nccorrlnnce wi' fr tI .., 1f'1"1Il" nllli "lIllllilillll~: "' tI".inl.erspotlsnl conlrnd. HI?!I. 1'.1\1 (i I. s·'2.

0\.po

65

APPmDIX N

THE QUEEN'S BENCH ACT, Sub-section 45(8):

::~~~~~ry 8 A mandamus or an injunction may he grnnl.ed or n rf'(.'ei\'erappointed by an interlocut.ory ordpr or t.he court in nil ('nRP~ inwhich it shall appear to the court. to he JURI. or convpnif'nt thnt.such order should be made: and guch order mny be mnde pithpl"unconditionally or upon such tenng nnd conditionFl ns the courtshall think just; and if an injunction is aFlked. either hefore orat or after the hearing of any cnuse or mntter. to pl'('\'pnt nn.\"threatened or apprehended waflt!> or trespags. such injunct ionmay be granted if t.he court sl1RlI think fit whf'tht>1' tIl(> pt>rflonagainst whom such injunction is sought is 01' ig not inpossession under any claim of title or otherwigf', or, if out ofpossession, does or does not claim a right to do the act Flought tobe restrained under any colour of title. and whether tIH:' efltatpsclaimed by both or by either of the parties are legal or equitable:

66

APPENDIX 0

IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH

JUDICIAL CENTRE OF SASKATOON

BETWEEN:

A.B.

PETITIONER

- and -

C.D.

RESPONDENT

CERTIFICATE

I CERTIFY that in an action or proceeding in Her Majesty's

Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan (or the Unified Family

Court for Saskatchewan) between A.B. of and C.D.

of some title or interest is called in

question in the following land:

(legal description of land)

DATED AT , Saskatchewan, this

___day of 19_

Local Registrar.

67

APPENDIX 0

IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH

JUDICIAL CENTRE OF SASKATOON

BETWEEN:

A.B.

PETITIONER

- and -

C.D.

RESPONDENT

AFFIDAVIT

I, A.B. of the City of Saskatoon, in the Province of

Saskatchewan, , HEREBY MAKE OATH AND SAY AS

FOLLOWS:

1. I am the Petitioner in the within action and as such have

personal knowledge of the matters herein deposed to, except

where stated to be on information and belief, and where so

stated I verily believe the same to be true.

2. The Respondent, C.D., is the sole registered owner of the

matrimonial home, situate at _

Attached hereto as

Exhibit "A" to this my affidavit is a photocopy of the

Certificate of Title respecting the said matrimonial home.

68

3. The Respondent, C.D., is the sole registered owner of one-

quarter section of farmland located in the Province of

Saskatchewan. Attached hereto as Exhibit "B" to this my

affidavit is a photocopy of the Certificate of Title

respecting the quarter section of land commonly described

as:

SWORN BEFORE ME at the

City of Saskatoon, in the

Province of Saskatchewan

this day of

191-

~~OMMISSIONER FOR OATHS, ETC.

((((((((

lediauun

THE CHILDREN'S LAW ACT:

10( 1) On an application by an applicant or respondent pursuantto this Part or Part III or IV; the court, by order, may appoint aperson to mediate a matter that:

(a) is dealt with in the application; and

(b) is at issue between the parties.

(2) No person shall be appointed as a mediator without thatperson's consent.

(3) Evidence:

(a) arising from anything said;

Ibl of anything said; or

(c) of an admission or communication made in the course ofthe mediation;

is not admissible in a proceeding except with the written consentof all parties to the proceeding in which the mediator wasappointed.

(4) The court shall specify in an order made pursuant tosubsection 11) the amount of the mediator's fees and expensesthat each party is required to pay.

(5) The court may order that one party pay all of the mediator'sfees and expenses where the court is satisfied that paymentwould cause the other party serious financial hardship.

(6) Where the mediator and the parties are unable to resolve thematter, either party, at any time after the first mediation session,may discontinue the mediation and proceed to have the mattersat issue between the parties resolved by the court.

PART IVCustody and Access Enforcement

22 In this Part:

(a) "access" means access to a child at specific times or onspecific dates;

(b) "agreement" means an agreement that is enforceableunder the laws of the jurisdiction in which it was made andthat includes a provision for custody or access;

(c) "order" means an order of a court or an extra-provincialtribunal that includes a provision for custody or access.

23 On application, a court may:

(a) make an interim or final order restraining a person from:(i) molesting;

lii) annoying;

(iii) harassing;

(iv) communicating with; or

(v) otherwise interfering with;

the applicant or a ,child in the lawful care or custody of theapplicant; and '

(b) require the respondent to enter into any recognizance,with or without sureties, or post any bond that the courtconsiders appropriate.

11

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:<ionto 25(1) Where a court, on application, is satisfied on reasonable01.. and probable grounds that a person:

(a) prohibited by order or agreement from removing a childfrom Saskatchewan intends to remove the child fromSaskatchewan; or

(b) entitled to access to a child pursuant to an order oragreement intends to remove the child from Saskatchewanand is not likely to return the child to Saskatchewan;

rwhen>

.,fully",Id

CHILDREN'S LAW

24(1) Where a court is satisfied on application that there arereasonable and probable grounds for believing that a person:

(a) is unlawfully withholding a child from a person entitledto custody of or access to the child pursuant to an order oragreement;

(b) who is prohibited by order or agreement from removing achild from Saskatchewan intends to remove the child or havethe child removed from Saskatchewan; or

(c) who is entitled to access to a child pursuant to an order oragreement intends to remove the child or to have the childremoved from Saskatchewan and that the child is not likelyto return;

the court, by order, may direct a sheriff, peace officer or otherperson that it considers appropriate to locate, apprehend anddeliver the child to a person specified by the court for the purposeofgiving effect to the rights of the applicant to custody or access.

(2) For the purpose of enforcing an order made pursuant tosubsection (1), the court may authorize the sheriff, peace officeror other person to enter and search any place where the sheriff,peace officer or other person has reasonable and probablegrounds for believing that the child may be.

(3) An application pursuant to subsection (1) may be made exparte where the court is satisfied that it is necessary that actionbe taken without delay.

(4) The sheriff, peace officer or other person directed to act by anorder made pursuant to subsection (1) shall do all thingsreasonably able to be done to locate, apprehend and deliver thechild in accordance with the order.

(5) Neither the minister responsible for the administration ofThe Child and Family Services Act nor any employee ofhis or herdepartment who are acting in the course of their duties underthat Act are to be named in an order made pursuant to thissection without the person's prior written consent.

CHILIiREN'S LAW

the court, to prevent the removal of the child from Saskatchewanor to secure the child's prompt safe return to Saskatchewan, may:

(c) order a person to transfer specific property to a namedtrustee to be held subject to any terms and conditions that thecourt considers appropriate;

Cd) in the case of a person from whom payments have beenordered to be made for the maintenance of the child, order aperson to make the payments to a specified trustee subject toany terms and conditions that the court considersappropriate;

(e) order a person to post a bond, with or without sureties,payable to the applicant in the amount the court considersappropriate;

<0 order a person to deliver the person's passport, the child'spassport and any other travel documents of either of themthat the court may specify to the court or to a person specifiedby the court;

(g) vary the custody or access order or, where the custody oraccess provisions are contained in an agreement, make acustody order or an access order; or

(h) make one or more of the orders described in clauses (c)to (g).

(2) In an order made pursuant to subsection (1), the court may:

(a) specify terms and conditions for the return or dispositionof the property or payments; or

(b) give directions with respect to the safekeeping of theproperty, passports or travel documents.

26(1) Where a court, on application, is satisfied that a personentitled to access to a child pursuant to an order or agreementhas been wrongfully denied access to the child by the respondentand is of the opinion that it is in the best interests of the child thecourt may, by order:

(a) require the respondent to give the applicantcompensatory access to the child for the period:

(i) agreed to by the parties; or

(ii) that the court considers appropriate if the parties donot agree;

(b) require supervision ofthe access in any manner that thecourt considers appropriate;

Enforcement"oa:esa

"oJo

1213

28(1) Where, ~n application, the court is satisfied that a person :"~=onaarequires an order pursuant to this section in aid ofan applicationto:

CHILDREN'S LAW

(c) require the respondent to give security for theperformance of the obligation to give the applicant access tothe child;

(d) appoint a mediator pursuant to section 10 to assist themin resolving the issue;

(e) make or vary a custody order or access order; or

(0 direct all or any combination of the things mentioned inclauses (a) to (e) to be done.

(2) Where a court, on application, is satisfied that a personentitled to access to a child pursuant to an order or agreementhas wrongfully failed to exercise the right of access or to returnthe child as the order or agreement requires, and is ofthe opinionthat it is in the best interests of the child, the court may by order:

(a) require supervision of the access in any manner that thecourt considers appropriate;

(b) require the respondent to give security for theperformance of the obligation to:

(i) exercise the right of access; or(ii) return the child as the order or agreement requires;

(c) appoint a mediator pursuant to section 10 to assist themin resolving the issue;

(d) require the respondent to provide the respondent'saddress and telephone number to the applicant;

(e) make or vary a custody order or access order; or

(0 direct all or any combination of the things mentioned inclauses (a) to (e) to be done.

<:t) A denial of access or failure to exercise the right of access orto return the child as the order or agreement requires is wrongfulunless:

(a) it is justified by a legitimate reason; and

(b) the respondent gave the applicant reasonable notice ofthe failure and of the reason.

(4) At the hearing of an application pursuant to this section,unless the court orders otherwise, evidence is admissible only ifitis directly related to:

(a) the alleged wrongful denial of access or failure toexercise the right of access or to return the child as the orderor agreement requires; or

(b) the respondent's reasons for the denial of access orfailure to exercise the right of access or to return the child asthe order or agreement requires.

14

CHILDREN'S LAW

(5) This section does not apply to a denial of access or failure toexercise a right of access or to return a child as the order oragreement requires that occurred before this Act comes intoforce.

(6) Where the court is satisfied that a person has made afrivolous or vexatious application pursuant to this section, thecourt may prohibit that person from making further applicationswithout leave of the court.

(7) No person shall be ordered to supervise access pursuant toclause (1)(b) or (2)(a) without his or her consent.

27 On an application pursuant to this Part or ThelnternationalChild Abduction Act, a court may order a respondent to paynecessary expenses incurred or to be incurred by the applicant,including:

(a) travel expenses;

(b) the costs oflocating and returning a child;

(c) lost wages;

(d) expenses reimbursed pursuant to section 7 of The Childand Family Services Act;

(e) legal fees; and

(0 any other expenses the court may allow.

(a) obtain or enforce a custody or access order; or

(b) enforce a custody or access agreement;

it may order any person or public body, including the Crown, toprovide the applicant or any other person who the court considersappropriate with any information in the possession or control ofthe person or public body with respect to the location, address orplace of employment of the person against whom the custody oraccess order is sought to be obtained or the order or agreement issought to be enforced.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to information that is subject tosolicitor-client privilege.

(3) Subject to subsection (2), an order made pursuant tosubsection (1) applies notwithstanding any other Act or lawrestricting the disclosure of the information.

15

Paymen, ofexpenses

"'-Jl-'

CHILDREN'S LAW

(4) Where the court makes an order pursuant to subsection (1), itmay make any order with respect to the confidentiality to bemaintained in connection with the information released that itconsiders appropriate.

'of 29(1) Where a court on its own motion or on application bynotice of motion is satisfied that any person has displayed wilfulcontempt of its orders or resistance to its process or orders withrespect to custody of or access to a child, the court, in addition toany other remedy including variation of the custody or accessorder, may impose:

(a) in the case of a first finding of contempt:(i) a fine of not more than $5,000;(ii) imprisonment for a term of not more than threemonths; or(iii) both that fine and imprisonment; and

(b) in the case ofa second or subsequent finding ofcontempt:(i) a fine of not more than $10,000;(ii) imprisonment for a term of not more than two years;or(iii) both that fine and imprisonment.

(2) Where the court imposes a sentence of imprisonmentpursuant to subsection (1) that does not exceed 90 days, it may:

(a) order that the sentence be served intermittently at thosetimes that are specified in the order; and

(b) direct that the person at all times when not inconfinement pursuant to the order, comply with conditionsprescribed in the order.

(3) The court may order that ifa person defaults in payment of afine imposed pursuant to subsection (1) that person shall beimprisoned for a period not exceeding six months.

(4) Proceedings pursuant to subsection (1) may be taken withouthaving taken any other step for the enforcement of the order.

(5) The sheriff, or any other officer or person by his or herdirection or by direction of the court, may convey any person to becommitted to a prison without any further warrant other than acopy of the minutes of the court certified by a judge or theregistrar.

(6) The keeper of the prison and all other persons whose duty itis to receive the person to be committed into custody areauthorized to and shall:

16

CHILDREN'S LAW

(a) receive the person to be committed into custody; and

(b) carry out and execute the order according to its tenor andeffect.

.....N